SSCG:3a day 12

Students will demonstrate knowledge of the U.S. Constitution

EQ:Explain the main ideas in debate over ratification; including those in The Federalist.

Homework:1. VIPES due Wednesday2. H/O Jefferson, Madison and Federalist #143. Vocabulary due Friday

Agenda: 2nd & 4th 3rd1. Hw: review 1. Section 2 check2. Finish anthems 2. Section 3 H/O3. notes 3. Section 3 Voc.4. A More Perfect Union 4. Notes

5. A more Perfect Union

Creating the Constitution

Articles of Confederation, 1781• First form of Government• “Firm league of Friendship between

the 13 states• Not an effective government-no

strong federal government• One vote per state regardless of size• Congress is powerless to tax, could

not raise an army, could not regulate trade nor even print money

• No executive top enforce acts of congress

• No national court system• Hard to change-amendment took all

13 states approval• 9/13 majority to pass laws• 13 states acting like 13 different

countries• NO UNITY!

Shay’s Rebellion• Daniel Shays led a Mass.

Farmers rebellion because farmers were losing their farms because of debt

• Wanted government to print paper money and pass laws to help farmers and the working poor

• Causes concern to national leaders but with no strong central government no one could help out the situation

• United States in deep trouble

Shay and his men raid a courthouse

SSCG:3a Day 13

Explain the main ideas over ratification

EQ: What were some of the main issues of debate at the Constitutional Convention?

Homework:1. Study terms and G.R H/O for 20 question quiz tomorrow

1. Complete Ratifying pack

Agenda:2nd & 4th 3rd

1. Homework review 1. Ch.2 Sec. 3 G.R.2. Read s. 4 ans. Q.1-5 p. 54 2. Ch.2 Sec. 3 section voc. On back3. notes 3. ans. Q.1-4 p. 474. Movie 4. quiz tomorrow over sec. 2&3

5. movie

Constitutional Convention, 1787

• Decided to scrap the Articles and form a new government

• New government would need to solve the problems that the Articles had.

• George Washington elected Chairman of the Convention

• National leaders meet in Philadelphia to amend the Articles of Confederation

Independence Hall, Philadelphia Penn.

Constitutional Convention, 1787

• Delegates met in the hot summer and tempers flared hot as well when the delegates debated

• First major problem-How to give big and small states equal representation in Congress

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

Delegates debate the Constitution

Virginia Plan

• Proposed by James Madison

• Plan called for a two house legislature in which representation was based on a states population

• Favored by the delegates from large states with big populations because these states would be guaranteed many representatives

• Opposed by small statesJames Madison

New Jersey Plan• 1 house

legislature in which all states have 1 representative

• Equal representation

• Supported by delegates from small states & opposed by large states

Constitutional Convention, 1787

Great Compromise• As delegates are arguing and

threatening to leave…..• Roger Sherman proposes the

Great Compromise• 2 house legislature, upper

house (Senate) would have have two Senators from each state providing equal representation, lower house (House of Representatives) would base representation on a state population

• Both sides agree and the foundation of the American legislative branch was formed

Roger Sherman

3/5th’s Compromise• Another huge debate erupts

between the northern and southern states over the issue of slavery

• Southern states wanted to count slaves as part of their population for representation in the House of Reps.

• Northern states disagree and said slaves should not be counted but that a tax should be levied on slave owners

• Compromise-3/5’s of slave population counted toward representation and for tax purposes

SSCG:3aExplain the main ideas over ratification

EQ: What were some of the issues over ratification between the Federalist and Anti-Federalist?

Homework:1. Complete Federalist/Anti-Federalist organizer. Notes on webpage2. Complete Constitution handout. Look on hippocampus.org for document

Agenda:1. Hw review2. watch movie3. Begin Constitution search

Current Event:1. Watch Meet the Press on Sunday. It is on NBC and MSNBC several times during the day2. What is going on in Egypt. Lets discuss Monday

The Constitution: Blueprints for American Government

• Framers devised the concept of the three branches of government

• Executive Branch- A President would head this branch and ensure that the laws would be carried out and enforced

• Legislative Branch- Congress would represent the people and make the laws of America

• Judicial Branch- Supreme Court and the lower courts would hear cases, rule on laws

• Federalism- Constitution also creates a system in which power is split between the national and state governments

• Checks and Balances were written in to ensure that all branches would be equal and that one branch would not be able to seize too much power

 

Ratification of the Constitution 1787-1789• 9/13 states had to ratify

• Federalists-supporters of the Constitution

• Antifederalists-opposed strong central govt. and were opposed to Constitution

• Federalist Papers-documents that were distributed to the citizens to explain the constitution to those that did not understand

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

Americans read the Federalist Papers

Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist

Anti-Federalist Patrick Henry gives a powerful speech warning of possible abuses of power by a strong federal government

Federalists

James MadisonAlexander HamiltonGeorge Washington

Anti-federalists

Patrick HenryJames MonroeHenry LeeSamuel Adams

The Federalist Papers

• a series arguing for the ratification of the United States Constitution

• Papers were published under the pseudonym Pubulis

• Written by John Jay, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton

• is among the most highly regarded of all American political writings

John Jay/Alexander Hamilton

• Jay did not attend the Constitutional Convention

• Jay wrote 5 of the essays (2-5, and 64)

• Concerned with the "dangers from foreign force and influence“

• Hamilton 51 of 85 of the essays 1, 6–9, 11–13, 15–17, 21–36, 59–

61, and 65–85 • Hamilton supported the electoral

college and 3/5 compromise

Federalist #10• Written by James Madison• Wrote #10, 14, 37–58, and 62–63 • Warning against factions and special

interest groups that may be against the rights of others

• Madison took ideas from Hobbes about strong central government

• Thought that the states would act as factions

• He wanted to control factions• Argued a small group or the minority

could have unfair influence on issues that affect the majority

Federalist #51

• Madison addressed a system of checks and balances

• How these checks and balances will provide for the separation of powers by the three branches of government

• "Ambition must be made to

counteract ambition."

Anti-Federalists

Anti-Federalist’s Concerns

• written under pseudonyms, such as "Brutus", "Centinel", and "Federal Farmer".

• opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government

• position of president might evolve into a monarchy. • give state governments more authority• objected to the federal court system • Would not ratify unless there were a bill of rights

Federalist/Anti-Federalist

Federalist• Alexander Hamilton, John Adams,

James Madison• Believed in a strong national

Government; would protect the rights of the people

• Wanted ratification of the Constitution

• Believed Bill of Rights was unnecessary

• Wanted to replace the Articles of Confederation

• Constitution would protect the liberties of all citizens

Anti-Federalist• Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry,

Samuel Adams• Believed in a weaker national

government• States should retain more power• Wanted a Bill of Rights included in

the Constitution• Did not agree with the ratification

process• Wanted to replace the Articles of

Confederation• Constitution would protect the

liberties of all citizens

Debate at the Constitutional Convention

Virginia Plan• By Madison

• 3 branch govt

• Bicameral legislature

• Rep. in both houses based on population

• By Paterson

• 3 branch govt

• Unicameral legislature

• Rep. in each house is equal

Issue #1: Should all states have the same # of reps or should it be based on

population?

New Jersey Plan

• 3 branch govt

• Bicameral legislature

• 1 house—House of Representatives based on population- people elect

• 1 house—Senate equal for each state- state legislators choose

The Connecticut Compromise (aka the Great Compromise)

Slave State View

• Yes! The more people we have, the more representatives we get!

Free State View

• No! Slaves don’t have any rights, so the southerners shouldn’t get to count them!

Issue #2: Should slaves be counted as people when doing the population

count for determining the # of representatives?

• Slaves will count as 3/5 of a person when doing population counts, but the slaves owners will pay taxes for their slaves.

Three-Fifths Compromise

Slave State View

• Federal govt has no right to touch the slave trade

• They shouldn’t tax exports

• Stop the slave trade

• Tax exports (make money off things made with slave labor)

Issue #3: Should we allow it to continue? Should we tax exports to

other countries?Free State View

• Congress can’t tax exports

• Congress won’t stop slave trade for 20 years (until 1808)

Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise

• Decided on a President

Issue #4: Who should be the leader?

• By the People?

• By the Congress?

• By Representatives?

• Decided on Electors—the Electoral College System

Issue #5: How should the President be elected?

• 4 years

Issue #6: how long should a President's term be?

• Federalism—power will be divided between national and state governments

Issue #7: How would the states powers be protected?

• Checks and Balances—each branch can limit the power of the other branches

Later…

• Bill of Rights—10 amendments that give people rights

Issue #8: How would the national government's power be limited so that it could not take away people's rights?

September 17, 1787

Constitution Day!

• Final copy of the Constitution is approved and signed by 39 people

• Ratification—had to have 9 states ratify, but they wanted all of them

Federalists

• The Constitution is as good as it’s going to get

• Articles are too weak

• James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, & John Jay

• Central govt is too strong

• People don’t have any rights

Can we get everyone to agree to the Constitution?

Anti-Federalists

Bill of Rights

• Months of debate led to the Anti-Federalists to ask for a Bill of Rights in order to approve Constitution

• Bill of Rights-changes to the Constitution to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens

• 1789 Constitution is ratified• 1791 Bill of Rights added

as 1st 10 amendments to the Constitution

James Madison (Father of the Constitution) pens the Bill of Rights

Bill of Rights: Basic American Freedoms

• 1st-Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion, Petition,Assembly• 2nd-Right to bear arms• 3rd-No quartering of troops• 4th-Search and Seizure• 5th-Rights of the Accused,self incrimination, double jeopardy • 6th-Speedy public jury trial• 7th- Jury trial in civil cases• 8th-Excessive bail/punishment• 9th-Rights of the People• 10th-Powers of the States

1st Amendment: Freedom of the Press

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

6th Amendment: Right to a speedy, public trial by jury

PART 1: Preamble: The introduction (states the purpose of the constitution)PART 2: Articles: There are 7 Articles (sections)

Article 1: Legislative BranchArticle 2: Executive BranchArticle 3: Judicial BranchArticle 4: State Relations (provides that all the states have a republican form of gov’t)Article 5: Amendment ProcessArticle 6: Oath of Office; Supremacy Clause: Constitution is the “Supreme Law of the Land”Article 7: Ratification process (needs 9 states)

PART 3: The 27 Amendments 1st ten amendments are known as the Bill of Rights

The Constitution (cont.)

1. Popular Sovereignty- people have the power

Six Basic Principles

2. Limited Government- government only has the power given to it by the people.

Rule of Law-gov’t and its officials are never above the law.

Six Basic Principles

3. Separation of Power- 3 separate branches of gov’t: Legislative, Executive, & Judicial. All independent & coequal

Six Basic Principles

4. Checks & Balances- Each branch can check (restrain) the power of the other branches to ensure a balance of power, so no one branch becomes too powerful.

Six Basic Principles

5. Judicial Review- the Supreme Court has the power to declare acts of the gov’t unconstitutional and may remove them.

Est. by the landmark Supreme Court case:

Marbury v. Madison, 1803

Six Basic Principles

6. Federalism- powers in our government are divided between the national government and state governments.

Six Basic Principles

The Constitution becomes a reality: Washington becomes the first President