staar review social studies 2013
TRANSCRIPT
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Social Studies STAAR Test
Review
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Colonization
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1. Reasons for English Colonization
• Social-
• Economic-
• Religious-
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2. Jamestown- 1607• First permanent English
settlement in North America.
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3. Virginia House of Burgesses
• First representative assembly in the colonies.
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4. 1620
• Founding of Plymouth Colony• Mayflower Compact- Early
example of self government.
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5. Representative Government
• Power is held by the people who elect representatives to look out for their interests.
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6. Plantations
• Large farms that usually grow one kind of cash crop.
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7. Cash Crops• Grown to make money.
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8. Mercantilism• Economic system where colony
can only trade with Mother Country (England). Hurt the colony’s economy
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9. Triangular Trade
• Buying and selling of humans for forced labor.
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10. Colonial Economies
• Southern- Agricultural.
• Northern- Industrial, ship building, fishing.
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11. Free Enterprise• Economic system where there
is competition between businesses with little governmental control.
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Revolution
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12. Effect of the French and Indian War
• Colonies paid taxes to help pay off England’s war debt.
Britain
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13. King George III
• King of England during the American Revolution.
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14. “No Taxation Without Representation”
• Reason colonists were upset with British government.
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15. Samuel Adams
• Opposed British taxation.
• Helped form the Sons of Liberty.
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16. Patrick Henry
• Known for his “Give Me Liberty Or Give Me Death” speech.
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17. Thomas Paine
• Wrote “Common Sense” which gave reasons to fight for independence.
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18. Thomas Jefferson• Wrote the
Declaration of Independence in 1776.
• This listed grievances (complaints) against King George III.
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19. Unalienable Rights
• Rights that cannot be taken away.
• In the Declaration of Independence they are-
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20. George Washington
• Commander of the Continental Army.
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21. Lexington and Concord
• Opening battles of the American Revolution.
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22. Saratoga• Battle which was the turning
point of the revolution.• France began to help the
colonies after this victory.
Victory
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23. Benjamin Franklin
• Helped convince France to help the colonists fight the British.
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24. Valley Forge• Where Washington’s army spent a
difficult winter but emerged a stronger force.
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25. Yorktown
• Ended the American Revolution.
U S A
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26. Treaty of Paris
• British recognized American independence.
• Mississippi River became the western border of the U.S.
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Government and the Constitution
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27. Articles of Confederation• First U.S. Constitution.• Weak National government.
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28. Northwest Ordinance• Set up an orderly system to
bring in new states.
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29. Convention of 1787• Called to revise the Articles of
Confederation• New Constitution was written.
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30. James Madison
• “Father of the Constitution”
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31. Federalist• For the Constitution.
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32. Federalist Papers
• Written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay to gain support for the Constitution.
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33. Anti-Federalist
• Against the Constitution.• Feared a loss of rights.
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34. George Mason• Anti-Federalist who was concerned that
the new Constitution was too powerful and would take away the rights of the people and the states.
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35. Great Compromise• Set up Congress into 2 houses.• House of Representatives:
Based on state’s population.• Senate- Two for each state.
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36. Three-Fifths Compromise
• Settled how slaves would be counted for taxation and representation purposes.
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37. Branches of Government• Executive-
President: Carries out the laws.
• Legislative- Congress: Makes laws.
• Judicial- Courts: Interprets the laws.
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38. Bill of Rights• First 10 Amendments to the
Constitution.• Protects Unalienable rights.
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39. Limited Government
• All authority figures must obey the law.
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40. Republicanism
• People hold the power through the election of representatives.
People Elect Representatives
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41. Checks and Balances• Prevents one branch of the
government from becoming too powerful.
EXAMPLES:
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42. Federalism• The sharing of power between a
national government and states.
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43. Separation of Powers• Each branch of the government is
assigned specific powers.
LMake Laws
ECarries
out Laws
JCourt
System
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44. Popular Sovereignty
• Political power rests with the people.
• Exercised through voting.
Power of the People
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45. Amendment Process• Addition or
change to the Constitution.
• 2/3 approval vote in both houses of Congress.
• ¾ approval of states.
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Early Nation
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46. Federalist Party
• Alexander Hamilton.
• Believed in a strong national government.
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47. Democratic-Republican Party
• Thomas Jefferson• Weak national government.
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48. Bank of the United States• Bank chartered by the National
government to provide bank notes to be used as money and to regulate state banks.
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49. Washington’s Farewell Address• Warned against political parties, foreign
entanglements, regional differences, and having a debt.
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50. 1803• Year Thomas Jefferson purchased the
Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million.
• Doubled the size of the U.S.
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51. Marbury v Madison• John Marshall-
Supreme Court case which established Judicial Review.
• Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional.
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52. War of 1812• War with Britain over impressment,
and interference with American trade, and military aid to Indians.
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53. James Monroe• His doctrine
stated European countries were to stay out of the Western Hemisphere.
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54. Missouri Compromise• Missouri- slave state. Maine free
state. • First sectional issue between the
North and South.
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55. Sectionalism• When one part of the country
looks out for its own interests.
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Industrial Revolution
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56. Industrial Revolution• Production of goods and products
in factories by machines. • Led to more goods being produced
at lower prices.
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57. Urbanization• Major movement of people from
rural (Countryside) to cities (urban).
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58. Interchangeable Parts• Eli Whitney.• Parts are made exactly the same to make
it easier to replace defective parts.
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59. Agricultural Inventions• Cotton Gin- Eli
Whitney- Created a demand for slaves.
• Steel Plow- John Deere- Increased agricultural production.
• Mechanical Reaper- Cyrus McCormick- Increased grain production.
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60. Transportation
• Steamboat- Robert Fulton. Decreased travel time on water.
• Canals- Man made waterways found mainly in the Northeast. Connected cities by water.
• Railroads- Fastest form of transportation on land. Led to growth of cities and westward expansion.
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61. Commerce• McCulloch v. Maryland-
Supreme Court case which stated Congress had the power to carry out its power stated in the Constitution.
• Gibbons v. Ogden- Supreme Court case which stated Congress could regulate interstate commerce.
Maryland, you can’t tax the Bank of the U.S.
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62. Improvement in Communication
• Telegraph- Samuel Morse. Allowed people to communicate over long distances.
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Manifest Destiny
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63. Manifest Destiny• Belief that the U.S. was destined to
run from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans.
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64. U.S.-Mexican War• Occurred over the annexation
(addition) of Texas.• After its victory, the U.S. acquired most
of the present day American Southwest (Mexican Cession).
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Age of Jackson and Reform Movements
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65. Andrew Jackson• His election was
one for the Common Man.
• Believed in a strong national government.
• Hero of the Battle of New Orleans.
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66. Democratic Party• Revolved around the beliefs of
Jackson.• Strong Federal Government.• Supported by Southerners and slave
owners.
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67. Daniel Webster• Represented the viewpoint of the North.• Believed in preserving the Union was
most important.Remember what George Washington said about
what geographical differences will do to our
country.
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68. Henry Clay• “Great Compromiser”.• Worried how the spread of slavery would
affect Western Territories.
Lets make a deal.
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69. John C. Calhoun• Represented the South.• From South Carolina.• Believed in slavery and states’ rights.
Long live slavery and
states’ rights!
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70. Protective Tariff• Tax on
imports meant to protect U.S. industries.
• Made imports more expensive and encouraged people to buy products made in the U.S.
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71. States’ Rights• Belief that
states don’t have to follow Federal law if that state feels that law violates the Constitution.
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72. Nullification Crisis• Occurred when
South Carolina refused to enforce the Protective Tariff of 1828.
• President Jackson threatened to enforce the tariff
• South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union.
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73. Indian Removal Act of 1830
• All Indians East of the Mississippi would be moved to Indian Territory (Oklahoma)
• The Indian’s land was wanted for farming.
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74. Trail of Tears• The Cherokee Indians were forced to
march to Indian Territory. • One fourth of them died on the trip.
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75. Reform Movements
• Women’s Rights- Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. The “Declaration of Sentiments” from the Seneca Falls Convention called for equal rights for women.
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75 Reform Movements
• Public (Common) School- Led by Horace Mann. Called for education for all students regardless of background.
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75. Reform Movements• Temperance-
Against the abuse of alcohol. Believed it caused problems like family violence and poverty.
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75. Reform Movements
• Abolitionist- Wanted to do away with slavery. Found in the North.
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75. Reform Movements• Mental Illness and
Prison Reform- Dorothea Dix. Wanted to improved conditions for the mentally ill and better treatment of prisoners.
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The Coming of The Civil War
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76. Frederick Douglass • Former
slave who spoke against slavery and for human rights.
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77. Compromise of 1850• California admitted as a free state.• Strengthened Fugitive Slave Law.
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78. Uncle Tom’s Cabin• Written by Harriet
Beecher Stowe.• Antislavery novel
which caused many Northerners to oppose slavery.
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79. Kansas-Nebraska Act• Allowed Popular Sovereignty to
determine legality of slavery in these territories.
• Led to violence.
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80. Dred Scott v Sanford• Supreme Court case which stated
slaves were not citizens.
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81. Election of 1860• Abraham Lincoln elected president.• Caused Southern states to secede from
the Union.
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82. Lincoln’s Inaugural Addresses
• First Inaugural Address- North would leave slavery alone but would act to preserve the Union.
• Second Inaugural Address- Wanted to treat the Southern states without malice after the Civil War.
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Civil War
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83. 1861-1865
• Years of the Civil War.
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84. Confederate States of America
• Formed by former Southern states.
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85. Jefferson Davis• President of the Confederate
States.
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86. Ulysses S. Grant
• Commander of Union (North) forces during the Civil War.
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87. Robert E. Lee
• Commander of the Confederate (South) forces during the Civil War.
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88. Fort Sumter
• Opening battle of the Civil War.
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89. Battle of Gettysburg• Northern victory which was the
turning point of the war in the East.• Southern troops withdrew.
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90. Gettysburg Address• Speech by Lincoln which reaffirmed
the North’s commitment to winning the war.
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91. Battle of Vicksburg• Northern victory which was the turning
point of the war in the West.• North controlled the Mississippi River.
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92. Emancipation Proclamation
• Issued by Lincoln.
• Freed the slaves in the rebelling states (south).
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93. Appomattox Court House
• Civil War ended with a Union victory when Lee surrendered to Grant.
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Reconstruction
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94. Reconstruction Amendments• 13th- Ended slavery
and made it illegal.• 14th- Defined
citizenship and gave equal protect under the law.
• 15th- Granted Black men the right to vote.
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95. Andrew Johnson• Became
President after Lincoln’s assassination. Wanted to treat the South leniently.
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96. Black Codes • Passed by
Southern states to limit the civil rights and freedom of the freedmen.
To all Freedmen:
Any Freedman found without a job will be fined
and possibly jailed!
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97. Freedman’s Bureau • Created to help
freedmen adjust and to set up schools to educate them. They were given food, clothing and medical care.
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98. Homestead Act • Allowed any
citizen to own 160 acres of land if they lived on it for 5 years and improved it. Contributed to people moving westward.
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99. Morrill Act • Gave each state
30,000 acres of federal land times the number of its members of Congress. States could sell land to fund public colleges.
Colleges Established Under the Morrill Act
• Iowa State• Kansas State• Michigan State• Rutgers University• Penn State University• University of Vermont• University of Minnesota• University of Missouri• University of Wisconsin
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100. Dawes Act• Broke up Indian
tribes and promoted the assimilation of Native Americans into American society. Caused Indians to lose most of their lands.
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Maps To Know
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Maps To Know