®

STAARState of Texas

Assessments of Academic Readiness

U.S. History

Administered May 2017

RELEASED

Copyright © 2017, Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. Reproduction of all or portions of this work is prohibited without express written permission from the Texas Education Agency.

U.S. HISTORY

U.S. History

Page 3

DIRECTIONS

Read each question carefully. Determine the best answer to the question from the four answer choices provided. Then fill in the answer on your answer document.

1 The Progressive goal to implement women’s suffrage was accomplished by —

A a national referendum

B an executive order

C a Supreme Court decision

D a constitutional amendment

U.S. History

Page 4

2 This poster is from the first annual Earth Day in 1970.

Source: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division

Earth Day was created for the purpose of —

F celebrating the diversity of humankind

G honoring the world’s agricultural workers

H raising awareness of environmental issues

J promoting peace throughout the world

U.S. History

Page 5

A heat shield material designed to act as an insulating barrier is now used to protect high-rise buildings from fires.

Source: NASA

4

3 The Korean War was an effort by the United States to —

A carry out its policy of containing the spread of communism

B keep its economy strong by maintaining wartime activities

C secure additional Asian trading partners

D extend the principles of the Marshall Plan to Asia

This technology was originally developed primarily to —

F give rockets greater boost during takeoff

G protect the space shuttle on reentry

H provide astronauts with improved navigational equipment

J slow down space capsules as they landed in the ocean

5 One reason the 2008 presidential election was historically significant is that it was the first time —

A traditionally Republican states voted Democratic

B voters used computerized ballots

C an African American won the presidency

D a Southerner won the vice-presidency

U.S. History

Page 6

6

Source: Library of Congress

What was one direct effect of World War II activities like those promoted by this poster?

F Changes in the traditional roles of women

G The establishment of women’s suffrage

H Combat training for women

J The election of women political leaders

U.S. History

Page 7

An estimated thousand people lived in St. Louis’s Hooverville, located on the banks of the Mississippi near the city dump. In New York, noted one observer in 1931, hobos were “coming into the city in larger numbers than ever before and have set up a ‘jungle’ for themselves in the heart of the East Side” on vacant lots owned by the city.

—Kenneth Kusmer, 2002

7

Which of the following contributed most to the situation described in this excerpt?

A The rise of corporate monopolies

B Strict banking regulations and high income tax rates

C The influx of immigrants into urban areas

D High unemployment and widespread home foreclosures

8 Which of the following is an example of fulfilling a civic responsibility?

F Interviewing for employment

G Reporting for jury duty

H Collecting donations for charities

J Preserving records of ethnic ancestry

U.S. History

Page 8

? • College “teach-ins”• Burning draft cards• Mass demonstrations

9

Which of the following is the best title for this list?

A Protests Against the Vietnam War

B Opposition to the Arms Race

C Support for Gender Equality

D Demands to Stop Dumping Chemical Waste

10 The main reason the United States launched military operations in Afghanistan in October 2001 was to —

F prevent genocide

G seize weapons of mass destruction

H destroy an international terrorist organization

J overthrow an absolute monarchy

U.S. History

Page 9

11

The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States.

—U.S. Constitution, Article I, Section 2

Which statement from the Declaration of Independence influenced Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution?

A “He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.”

B “To secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.”

C “He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.”

D “These United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and . . . they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown.”

U.S. History

Page 10

12 This 1917 poster depicts a worker in a shipyard.

Source: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division

This poster could be used to support which assertion?

F Demand for labor in war industries helped increase employment.

G Use of new war technologies required extensive training.

H Conscription caused a shortage of laborers during wartime.

J Standardization of parts helped streamline the production of munitions.

U.S. History

Page 11

14

13 Which of the following was a direct result of the civil rights movement?

A An increase in respect for suburban housewives

B Increased political participation by minority groups

C The revitalization of inner cities

D Increased migration to rural areas

The United States is the world’s best hope, but . . . if you tangle her in the intrigues of Europe, you will destroy her power for good, and endanger her very existence. . . .

—Senator Henry Cabot Lodge

Senator Lodge made this statement in opposition to —

F U.S. membership in the League of Nations

G the funding of a massive buildup of the U.S. Navy

H a relaxation of U.S. citizenship requirements

J U.S. entry into the Spanish-American War

U.S. History

Page 12

15

Miami, 1913

Miami, 1997

1997

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The changes shown in these photographs most likely —

A helped improve workplace safety

B increased the supply of natural resources

C altered the makeup of natural ecosystems

D helped decrease energy consumption

U.S. History

Page 13

? • To present new concepts for established products and ideas

• To introduce new technology that replaces existing products

• To organize and manage an enterprise with some personal risk

17

16 The launch of Sputnik I intensified Cold War tensions and caused the —

F United States to increase spending on technology and weapons to compete with the Soviet Union

G Soviet Union to move missiles and warships to Cuba in order to threaten the United States

H United States to send troops and aid to East Berlin to free it from Soviet control

J Soviet Union to threaten Europe with nuclear attack if Soviet airspace were violated

Which title best completes this list?

A Roles of Entrepreneurs

B Goals of the Federal Reserve

C Objectives of Trade Union Leaders

D Responsibilities of Business Professors

18 The establishment of speakeasies in the 1920s was an unintended consequence of which federal government action?

F The taxation of imported luxury goods

G The deportation of suspected communist sympathizers

H The prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages

J The implementation of immigration restrictions

U.S. History

Page 14

19

East–West Conflict in Europe During the Cold War

1946–1949

1947

1948–1949

1948–1949

1949

1955

The Soviet Union forms the communist Eastern Bloc.

The United States announces the Truman Plan.

The Soviet Union enforces the Berlin Blockade.

?

Western Powers form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

The Soviet Union creates the Warsaw Pact.

Which statement correctly completes this time line?

A The Allied powers divide Germany and Berlin into four sectors.

B German citizens vote to reunite East and West Germany.

C The United States and Great Britain airlift supplies to West Berlin.

D The United Nations sends troops into Eastern Europe.

20 In response to public concern over issues raised by Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, the federal government expanded its role in —

F working with labor unions to increase worker salaries

G taking responsibility for the safety of consumers

H setting limits on the growth of private industry

J implementing social welfare programs

U.S. History

Page 15

22

21 Which of the following demonstrates the diffusion of American culture?

A The establishment of multinational research centers in Antarctica

B The presence of German immigrants in the United States

C The establishment of a Saudi Arabian embassy in the United States

D The rise of baseball as a major sport in Japan

American Indian leaders and activists organize a nonviolent protest to bring attention to issues affecting American Indians. More than 600 people travel in the “Trail of Broken Treaties” in a caravan of buses, cars, trucks, and campers to Saint Paul, Minnesota.

— “1972: Trail of Broken Treaties,” U.S. National Library of Medicine, Native Voices, www.nlm.nih.gov

(accessed April 7, 2014)

Which earlier protest was most similar to the one described above?

F The gathering of disillusioned youth at Woodstock

G The burning of draft cards by opponents of the Vietnam War

H The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

J The labor demonstrations during the Pullman strike

U.S. History

Page 16

Urban Mass Transit Vehicles, New York City, 1869–present

Elevated train Train that ran on aboveground tracks 1869–1973

Cable car Streetcar operated by underground steam-driven cable conduits

1883–1909

Trolley Streetcar operated by overhead or underground electrical power 1887–1957

Subway Train that runs on underground tracks 1904–present

23

Courtesy of the New York Transit Museum

How did these developments in transportation most affect the standard of living in U.S. cities?

A By increasing the expenses associated with relocation

B By giving residents more flexibility in employment

C By expanding the options for personal education

D By increasing traffic congestion on city streets

U.S. History

Page 17

24

As secretary of commerce . . . Herbert Hoover seized on the cooperation between industry and science that had emerged during World War I and boldly extended it further into the realm of commerce. . . . Among Secretary Hoover’s most significant initiatives . . . was standardization and simplification of industrial parts and procedures. . . . The formulation of standard weights for loaves of bread, standard sizes for cans, and uniform rating of canned goods for quality, as well as standardization of packaging units . . . greatly facilitated distribution, retailing, and accounting.

—“Herbert Hoover, Economic Mastermind,” Library of Congress, www.lcweb2.loc.gov

(accessed March 18, 2014)

How did the introduction of these new practices most benefit U.S. business?

F By increasing production efficiency

G By preventing shortages of goods

H By increasing protective tariffs

J By decreasing exports

25 The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was primarily a response to —

A increased U.S. presence in China

B competition for jobs on the West Coast

C rapid population growth in the Northeast

D China’s actions during the Boxer Rebellion

U.S. History

Page 18

http:www.lcweb2.loc.gov

26

© C

ORBIS

This cartoon comments on tactics used to —

F secure the southern border of California

G protect shipping lanes in the Great Lakes

H create a defensive alliance with France

J obtain control of the Panama Canal Zone

U.S. History

Page 19

27

All who recall the condition of the country in 1890 will remember that . . . the country was in real danger from another kind of slavery . . . that would result from the aggregations of capital in the hands of a few individuals and [businesses] controlling, for their own profit and advantage exclusively, the entire business of the country, including the production and sale of the necessaries of life.

—Supreme Court Justice John Marshall Harlan, 1911

In this excerpt, Justice Harlan is warning against —

A a civil service based on patronage rather than merit

B allowing powerful monopolies to dominate interstate commerce

C a lack of federal funding for essential transportation systems

D allowing labor unions to interfere with production goals

U.S. History

Page 20

29

28 As part of the Nixon administration’s policy of Vietnamization, the U.S. military —

F trained South Vietnamese forces to take over combat responsibilities from U.S. troops

G shared military technology with North Vietnam

H imposed martial law in North Vietnam

J installed a puppet government in South Vietnam

1961 Freedom Rides

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What was the goal of the protests depicted on this map?

A To pressure Congress to prohibit discrimination against disabled citizens

B To demonstrate the economic impact of discriminatory practices on interstate transportation

C To challenge the federal government to enforce Supreme Court rulings against discrimination in interstate transportation

D To persuade states to abandon discriminatory voter-registration procedures

U.S. History

Page 21

30

31

In the last half of the nineteenth century, the United States experienced vast industrial growth. A new class of wealthy entrepreneurs and a prosperous middle class emerged. Factory jobs also increased to meet production demands.

Which demographic change in the United States is most associated with this transformation?

F Increased property values in rural areas

G Increased life expectancies in urban areas

H Increased birth rates in rural areas

J Increased migration to urban areas

Where . . . the investigation is no longer a general inquiry into an unsolved crime but has begun to focus on a particular suspect, the suspect . . . has requested and been denied an opportunity to consult with his lawyer, and the police have not effectively warned him of his absolute constitutional right to remain silent, the accused has been denied “the Assistance of Counsel” in violation of the Sixth Amendment . . .

—Escobedo v. Illinois, 1964

What was one impact of this ruling?

A Impeachment procedures were redefined.

B Due process guidelines were reexamined.

C Full faith and credit was reaffirmed.

D State laws were deemed supreme over federal laws.

U.S. History

Page 22

32

This naval dispatch reads “AIR RAID ON PEARL HARBOR X THIS IS NOT DRILL.”

Source: Library of Congress, Manuscript Division

The event reported in this dispatch led directly to —

F the implementation of sanctions against Japan

G U.S. entry into World War II

H the establishment of the Truman Doctrine

J U.S. annexation of Hawaii

U.S. History

Page 23

• The president may only make use of armed forcesfollowing a declaration of war, authorization byCongress, or an attack on the United States.

• The president must consult with Congress regularlyregarding the use of armed forces as long astroops remain in hostile situations.

• Within 60 days the president will end the use ofarmed forces unless Congress acts to approvecontinued military action.

34

Selected Features of the War Powers Resolution, 1973

33 How did the creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation change the nature of banking in the United States?

A The government began to guarantee bank deposits.

B Depositors could transfer investments without penalties.

C Depositors were guaranteed minimum interest rates on savings accounts.

D The government required taxpayers to open savings accounts.

How does this resolution demonstrate the principle of checks and balances?

F It expands the power of judicial review to military courts.

G It allows the executive to determine the length of military conflicts.

H It allows Congress to limit the military authority of the executive branch.

J It gives Congress oversight of military strategy and operations.

U.S. History

Page 24

35

Commerce makes men independent of each another, gives quite another idea of their personal value, persuades them to manage their own affairs, and teaches them to be successful. . . .

No country in the world has a more lively or concerned feeling for property than the United States and nowhere else does the majority display less inclination toward those doctrines which threaten to impair in any way at all the manner in which property is owned.

— Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America

Which value important to America’s success as a constitutional republic is best illustrated in this excerpt?

A Social justice

B Populism

C Laissez-faire

D Egalitarianism

U.S. History

Page 25

Populist Demands in the Late 1800s

• Regulation of railroad shipping charges• A graduated income tax• Free and unlimited coinage of silver

37

36 Some of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal programs were declared unconstitutional when the Supreme Court held that they —

F required U.S. cooperation with foreign nations

G prevented equal access to the judicial system

H granted privileges to religious organizations

J infringed on powers reserved to the states

These demands most reflected the concerns of —

A small farmers in need of affordable credit

B robber barons pursuing higher profits

C prominent bankers who controlled the money supply

D immigrant workers seeking economic justice

U.S. History

Page 26

38

Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev and President Richard Nixon, June 19, 1973

Source: NARA

What was the primary goal of discussions between these two leaders?

F To recognize the independence of former satellite states

G To reach a formal agreement on weapons control

H To negotiate the reunification of Germany

J To develop a global environmental-protection policy

U.S. History

Page 27

39

Whenever normal agencies prove inadequate to the task and it becomes necessary for the Executive Branch of the Federal Government to use its powers and authority . . . the President’s responsibility is inescapable. In accordance with that responsibility, I have today issued an Executive Order directing the use of troops under Federal authority to aid . . . at Little Rock, Arkansas.

—President Dwight D. Eisenhower, address from the White House, September 24, 1957

President Eisenhower exercised his federal authority in an effort to —

A ensure the safety of protesters at lunch counter sit-ins

B end the violence directed against the Freedom Riders

C enforce a ruling to desegregate public schools

D protect citizens from rioting spurred by Ku Klux Klan rallies

U.S. History

Page 28

A song for the grand old Temp’rance tree, That is bearing goodly fruit! Its blessings ev’ry where we see, We praise it, branch and root. We’ll plant it wherever rum shops are, In our native land so far, Till its noble branches spread afar On the golden sunny air!

Oh! we’ll gather round The Temp’rance tree, And sing our songs of joy. Till the viper that is in the cup, Shall no more destroy! Till the viper that is in the cup, Shall no more destroy!

40

Source: Library of Congress, Music Division

These lyrics are representative of a movement that culminated in a constitutional amendment during the —

F Harlem Renaissance

G New Deal

H Reconstruction era

J Progressive Era

U.S. History

Page 29

41

Source: NARA

This cartoon depicts President Woodrow Wilson calling on Congress to —

A ratify the Treaty of Versailles

B issue a declaration of war against Germany

C authorize the use of funds to support Russian revolutionaries

D enact trade sanctions against Germany

U.S. History

Page 30

?____________ was more involved in the minds andhearts and aspirations of people than any other First Lady in history. By the end of her life she was one of the most esteemed women in the world.

During her 12 years in the White House she was sometimes laughed at and sometimes bitterly resented. But during her last years she became the object of almost universal respect. . . .

She was hailed by countless numbers as their personal champion in a world first depression-ridden, then war-torn and finally maladjusted in the postwar years. She was a symbol of the new role women were to play in the world. As a result of her work in the United Nations, particularly in behalf of the little peoples of the world, this esteem soon transcended national barriers to become virtually worldwide. . . .

—New York Times, November 8, 1962

42

Who is described in the obituary above?

F Jacqueline Kennedy

G Mamie Eisenhower

H Eleanor Roosevelt

J Claudia “Lady Bird” Johnson

43 Which factor contributed most to the flooding in New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina?

A The location of the surrounding barrier islands

B The city’s low elevation

C The presence of offshore oil rigs

D The buildup of silt in the Mississippi

U.S. History

Page 31

Principles of the World Trade Organization

• Grants trading partners “most favorednation” status

• Lowers trade barriers through negotiations• Discourages unfair trade practices and

encourages competition• Creates trade opportunities for less-

developed countries

44

How have these principles most affected U.S. markets?

F By stimulating consumer demand for products

G By making business transactions costlier

H By causing shortages of essential materials

J By discouraging coordination among producers

U.S. History

Page 32

45

A homesteader had only to be the head of a household or at least 21 years of age to claim a 160-acre parcel of land. Settlers from all walks of life including newly arrived immigrants, farmers without land of their own from the East, single women and former slaves came to meet the challenge of “proving up” and keeping this “free land.” Each homesteader had to live on the land, build a home, make improvements and farm for 5 years before they were eligible to “prove up.” A total filing fee of $18 was the only money required. . . .

—National Park Service, www.nps.gov (accessed November 14, 2013)

The process described above led to —

A peaceful resolution of territorial disputes with American Indians

B the establishment of agricultural communities on the American frontier

C federal regulation of agriculture

D a decline in immigration to urban areas

U.S. History

Page 33

http:www.nps.gov

46

The reason . . . is not because our only powerful potential enemy has sent men to invade our shores . . . but rather because of the traitorous actions of those who have been treated so well by this Nation. . . .

This is glaringly true in the State Department. There the bright young men who are born with silver spoons in their mouths are the ones who have been most traitorous. . . .

—Joseph McCarthy, speech at Wheeling, West Virginia, February 9, 1950

In this excerpt, McCarthy is attempting to incite fear about —

F Japanese Americans confined in internment camps

G organizers of the Civil Rights movement

H accomplices in the Watergate scandal

J members of the Communist Party in government positions

47 During the late nineteenth century, many Irish immigrants were discriminated against for being —

A opposed to machine politics

B loyal to the United Kingdom

C conscientious objectors

D Roman Catholics

U.S. History

Page 34

48

As early as 1925, then-Secretary of Commerce Hoover had warned President Coolidge that stock market speculation was getting out of hand. Yet in his final State of the Union Address, Coolidge saw no reason for alarm. Hoover, however, remained fearful. Even before his inauguration, he urged the Federal Reserve to halt “crazy and dangerous” gambling on Wall Street by increasing the discount rate the Federal Reserve charged banks for speculative loans. He asked magazines and newspapers to run stories warning of the dangers of rampant speculation.

But Presidents in 1929 were not supposed to regulate Wall Street, or even talk about the gyrating market for fear of inadvertently setting off a panic, and Hoover backed off.

—Richard Norton Smith and Timothy Walch, “The Ordeal of Herbert Hoover,” 2004

The economic conditions described in this excerpt contributed to —

F a global economic depression

G an increase in foreign investments in the U.S. market

H the adoption of the gold standard

J an increase in free market activity

49 How did Andrew Carnegie contribute to civic and social life in the United States?

A By promoting spiritual and moral values in public schools

B By supporting conservative ideals in federal legislation and foreign policy

C By establishing philanthropic organizations dedicated to education and the arts

D By creating a charitable foundation to end hunger

U.S. History

Page 35

50

The fundamental . . . purpose is to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.

—The Organic Act of 1916

What was the primary result of this legislation?

F States instituted their own environmental regulations.

G Settlement on lands with fragile ecosystems was prohibited.

H Monopolies seized control of natural resources.

J National parks were created as a way to manage land resources.

U.S. History

Page 36

51

U.S. Soldiers During World War I

Source: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division

This photograph shows a military tactic that —

A made troops more vulnerable to long-range missiles, resulting in heavy casualties

B required highly skilled soldiers, resulting in lengthy training periods

C made frontal assaults difficult, resulting in long periods of stalemate

D required the ability to attack quickly, resulting in a reliance on cavalry forces

U.S. History

Page 37

52

On June 25, 1998, the United States Supreme Court in Clinton, et al. v. City of New York, et al. held that the Line Item Veto Act violated the Presentment Clause of the Constitution. The Clause requires that every bill which has passed the House and Senate before becoming law must be presented to the President for approval or veto, but is silent on whether the President may amend or repeal provisions of bills that have passed the House and Senate in identical form. The Court interpreted silence on this issue as equivalent to an express prohibition.

—Thomas J. Nicola, Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, 1998

The Supreme Court’s actions in agreeing to hear this case illustrate —

F key aspects of a democracy based on popular sovereignty

G checks and balances between branches of the federal government

H legal rulings of a partisan nature as a result of judicial activism

J separate roles of state and national governments in a federal system

U.S. History

Page 38

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

Trends in Confidence in Government, 1973–1983 40%

30%

20%

10%

0%Perc

enta

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spon

ses

Indi

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“Gre

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Executive Office Congress

53

Source: National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago

Which of the following was the primary reason for the trends in public confidence from 1973 to 1976?

A The normalization of relations with China

B The explosion aboard Apollo 13

C The Watergate scandal

D The nuclear-power accident at Three Mile Island

U.S. History

Page 39

Agencies Created During the New Deal

• Civilian Conservation Corps• Works Progress Administration• Farm Credit Administration• Home Owners’ Loan Corporation

54

The goals of these New Deal agencies support the conclusion that the New Deal —

F gave the federal government a larger role in the day-to-day welfare of its citizens

G forced citizens to participate in federal programs

H gave preference to state-run agencies over federally run agencies

J forced the federal government to adopt isolationist foreign policies

U.S. History

Page 40

55

Source: NARA

These demonstrations led to —

A a global energy crisis brought on by an OPEC oil embargo

B the bombing of a Marine barracks, followed by retaliatory U.S. air strikes

C a U.S. boycott of the Olympics in protest of events in Central Asia

D a hostage crisis that severely damaged confidence in the Carter administration

U.S. History

Page 41

1 32

4 5 6

7

8

9

1110

12

13

Picture of a flapper. Thirteen qualifications: No. 1, hat of soft silk or felt; No. 2, bobbed hair; No. 3, flapper curl on forehead; No. 4, flapper collar; No. 5, flapper earrings; No. 6, slip-over sweater; No. 7, flapper beads; No. 8, metallic belt; No. 9, bracelet of strung jet; No. 10, knee-length fringed skirt; No. 11, exposed, bare knees; No. 12, rolled hose with fancy garter; No. 13, flat-heeled, little-girl sandals.

—Weekly Journal-Miner, Prescott, Arizona, August 2, 1922

56

Which inference about the 1920s is supported by this illustration?

F Women confronted discrimination in employment and education.

G Women challenged traditional attitudes and social norms.

H Reform organizations targeted women’s issues.

J Mass media reflected trends popular in rural communities.

U.S. History

Page 42

57

Today, on behalf of your fellow Americans, I offer a sincere apology to you for the actions that unfairly denied . . . families fundamental liberties during World War II.

In passing the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, we acknowledged the wrongs of the past and offered redress to those who endured such grave injustice. In retrospect, we understand that the nation’s actions were rooted deeply in racial prejudice, wartime hysteria, and a lack of political leadership.

—President Bill Clinton, letter of apology, October 1, 1993

In this excerpt, President Clinton is apologizing for —

A the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act

B the verdict of the Sacco and Vanzetti trial

C the hearings of the House Un-American Activities Committee

D the internment of Japanese Americans

U.S. History

Page 43

Tom Torlino, Navajo As He Entered the As He Appeared Three

School in 1882 Years Later

58 These photographs are of the same student at Carlisle Indian School during the late nineteenth century.

Source: Archives and Special Collections, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA

Which word best explains the changes shown in these photographs?

F Immigration

G Assimilation

H Nullification

J Nativism

U.S. History

Page 44

59 Which of the following identifies two effects of the Harlem Renaissance?

A • Increased geographic concentration of African Americans

• Increased popularity of venues featuring African Americanartists

B • Founding of colleges for African Americans

• Founding of the Socialist Party

C • Founding of Tuskegee University

• Migration of African Americans to western states

D • Ratification of constitutional amendments ensuring rights for

African Americans

• Increased support for the prohibition of alcoholic beverages

U.S. History

Page 45

Selected Aspects of the U.S. Economy, 1950–1960

• Civilian employment grew from 59.7 million to 66.4million.

• The gross domestic product (GDP) increased 39percent.

• The average family income increased 57.9 percent.

On January 22, 1964, the Joint Chiefs of Staff sent Secretary of Defense McNamara a memorandum that included the following recommendations:

• Assign responsibilities for the total U.S. program inVietnam to the U.S. military commander

• Commit additional U.S. forces, as necessary, insupport of the combat action within South Vietnam

• Commit U.S. forces, as necessary, in direct actionsagainst North Vietnam

60

61

What happened as a direct result of these recommendations?

F North Vietnamese leaders appealed for a ceasefire.

G U.S military involvement in Vietnam escalated.

H South Vietnamese leaders rejected military assistance.

J Soviet ground troops were deployed to Vietnam.

The changes described in this list contributed most directly to —

A a decline in home ownership rates

B a rise in the number of business failures

C a decrease in federal employment opportunities

D an increase in consumer spending

U.S. History

Page 46

2: Virgin Islands2: Virgin Islands2: Virgin Islands 4: W Island4: W4: Waaakkkeee IslandIsland

1: Puerto Rico

3: American Samoa

63

62 Which of these is the best definition of an era?

F A period of time identified by political, economic, or social trends

G A series of various changes over many years

H A series of events unified by individual or organized protests

J A period of time lasting between 10 and 15 years

Which numbered territory did the United States gain by winning the Spanish-American War?

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 4

U.S. History

Page 47

1980s 2010s

Work in an office Work from home In-house customer-service departments Outsourcing of customer service

Handmade items sold at local fairs Handmade items sold to people all over the world Research conducted at libraries Research conducted remotely

64

Which of the following is most responsible for the differences shown on the table?

F Robert L. Johnson’s creation of a major television network

G Tim Berners-Lee’s invention of the World Wide Web

H Jeff Bezos’ founding of Amazon.com

J Michael Dell’s use of just-in-time manufacturing

65 Which of the following is an example of using a renewable resource to generate electricity?

A Building pipelines to maximize the efficiency of transporting oil and gas

B Placing large wind turbines in areas with strong, steady winds

C Using hydraulic fracturing with water and sand to release oil and gas

D Conducting open-pit mining in areas where coal is found near the surface

U.S. History

Page 48

66 These murals were painted during the 1970s in California.

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This artistic movement demonstrates the contributions of which culture to U.S. art?

F Hispanic American

G Chinese American

H Irish American

J African American

U.S. History

Page 49

67 What is one major reason various industries have adopted the use of automated robotic assembly?

A To increase employee work hours

B To increase monetary investment

C To decrease safety requirements

D To increase manufacturing productivity

U.S. History

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68

U.S. Army Poster, 1942

Source: Illinois Digital Archives, World War II Poster Collection

The U.S. Army distributed posters like this one with the goal of encouraging —

F the sale of war bonds

G young men to voluntarily enlist

H the creation of a selective service

J young men to return to school

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U.S. History May 2017

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U.S. HISTORY. U.S. HISTORY.

DIRECTIONS. DIRECTIONS. Read each question carefully. Determine the best answer to the question from thefouranswerchoices provided.Thenfill in theansweronyouranswer document. 1. The Progressive goal to implement women’s suffrage was accomplished by —. A A A A

a national referendum. a national referendum.

B B B

an executive order. an executive order.

C C C

a Supreme Court decision. a Supreme Court decision.

D D D

a constitutional amendment. a constitutional amendment.

Figure

2 This poster is from the first annual Earth Day in 1970. 2 This poster is from the first annual Earth Day in 1970. FigureSource: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division Earth Day was created for the purpose of — F F F F

celebrating the diversity of humankind celebrating the diversity of humankind

G G G

honoring the world’s agricultural workers honoring the world’s agricultural workers

H H H

raising awareness of environmental issues raising awareness of environmental issues

J J J

promoting peace throughout the world promoting peace throughout the world

Figure

3 The Korean War was an effort by the United States to — 3 The Korean War was an effort by the United States to — A A A A

carry out its policy of containing the spread of communism carry out its policy of containing the spread of communism

B B B

keep its economy strong by maintaining wartime activities keep its economy strong by maintaining wartime activities

C C C

secure additional Asian trading partners secure additional Asian trading partners

D D D

extend the principles of the Marshall Plan to Asia extend the principles of the Marshall Plan to Asia

4 A heat shield material designed to act as an insulating barrier is now used to protect high-rise buildings from fires. Source: NASA This technology was originally developed primarily to — F F F F

give rockets greater boost during takeoff give rockets greater boost during takeoff

G G G

protect the space shuttle on reentry protect the space shuttle on reentry

H H H

provide astronauts with improved navigational equipment provide astronauts with improved navigational equipment

J J J

slow down space capsules as they landed in the ocean slow down space capsules as they landed in the ocean

5. One reason the 2008 presidential election was historically significant is that it was the first time — A A A A

traditionally Republican states voted Democratic. traditionally Republican states voted Democratic.

B B B

voters used computerized ballots. voters used computerized ballots.

C C C

an African American won the presidency. an African American won the presidency.

D D D

a Southerner won the vice-presidency. a Southerner won the vice-presidency.

Figure

6 6 FigureSource: Library of Congress What was one direct effect of activities like those promoted by this poster? World War II

F F F F

Changes in the traditional roles of women Changes in the traditional roles of women

G G G

The establishment of women’s suffrage The establishment of women’s suffrage

H H H

Combat training for women Combat training for women

J J J

The election of women political leaders The election of women political leaders

Figure

7 7 An estimated thousand people lived in St. Louis’s Hooverville, located on the banks of the Mississippi near the city dump. In New York, noted one observer in 1931, hobos were “coming into the city in larger numbers than ever before and have set up a ‘jungle’ for themselves in the heart of the East Side” on vacant lots owned by the city. —Kenneth Kusmer, 2002 Which of the following contributed most to the situation described in this excerpt? A A A A

The rise of corporate monopolies The rise of corporate monopolies

B B B

Strict banking regulations and high income tax rates Strict banking regulations and high income tax rates

C C C

The influx of immigrants into urban areas The influx of immigrants into urban areas

D D D

High unemployment and widespread home foreclosures High unemployment and widespread home foreclosures

8 Which of the following is an example of fulfilling a civic responsibility? F F F F

Interviewing for employment Interviewing for employment

G G G

Reporting for jury duty Reporting for jury duty

H H H

Collecting donations for charities Collecting donations for charities

J J J

Preserving records of ethnic ancestry Preserving records of ethnic ancestry

Figure

9 9 ? •College “teach-ins”•Burning draft cards•Mass demonstrationsWhich of the following is the best title for this list? A A A A

Protests Against the Vietnam War Protests Against the Vietnam War

B B B

Opposition to the Arms Race Opposition to the Arms Race

C C C

Support for Gender Equality Support for Gender Equality

D D D

Demands to Stop Dumping Chemical Waste Demands to Stop Dumping Chemical Waste

10. The main reason the United States launched military operations in Afghanistan in October 2001 was to — F F F F

prevent genocide. prevent genocide.

G G G

seize weapons of mass destruction. seize weapons of mass destruction.

H H H

destroy an international terrorist organization. destroy an international terrorist organization.

J J J

overthrow an absolute monarchy. overthrow an absolute monarchy.

Figure

11 11 The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States. —U.S. Constitution, Article I, Section 2 Which statement from the Declaration of Independence influenced Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution? A. A. A. A.

“He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.” “He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.”

B. B. B.

“To secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.” “To secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.”

C. C. C.

“He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.” “He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.”

D. D. D.

“These United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and . . . they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown.” “These United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and . . . they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown.”

Figure

12 This 1917 poster depicts a worker in a shipyard. 12 This 1917 poster depicts a worker in a shipyard. FigureSource: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division This poster could be used to support which assertion?. F F F F

Demand for labor in war industries helped increase employment.. Demand for labor in war industries helped increase employment..

G G G

Use of new war technologies required extensive training.. Use of new war technologies required extensive training..

H H H

Conscription caused a shortage of laborers during wartime.. Conscription caused a shortage of laborers during wartime..

J J J

Standardization of parts helped streamline the production of munitions.. Standardization of parts helped streamline the production of munitions..

Figure

13 Which of the following was a direct result of the civil rights movement? 13 Which of the following was a direct result of the civil rights movement? A A A A

An increase in respect for suburban housewives An increase in respect for suburban housewives

B B B

Increased political participation by minority groups Increased political participation by minority groups

C C C

The revitalization of inner cities The revitalization of inner cities

D D D

Increased migration to rural areas Increased migration to rural areas

14 The United States is the world’s best hope, but . . . if you tangle her in the intrigues of Europe, you will destroy her power for good, and endanger her very existence. . . . —Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Senator Lodge made this statement in opposition to — F F F F

U.S. membership in the League of Nations U.S. membership in the League of Nations

G G G

the funding of a massive buildup of the U.S. Navy the funding of a massive buildup of the U.S. Navy

H H H

a relaxation of U.S. citizenship requirements a relaxation of U.S. citizenship requirements

J J J

U.S. entry into the Spanish-American War U.S. entry into the Spanish-American War

Figure

15 15 Miami, 1913. Miami, 1997. 1997 photo courtesy South FloridaWater Management District The changes shown in these photographs most likely — A A A A

helped improve workplace safety helped improve workplace safety

B B B

increased the supply of natural resources increased the supply of natural resources

C C C

altered the makeup of natural ecosystems altered the makeup of natural ecosystems

D D D

helped decrease energy consumption helped decrease energy consumption

Figure

16 The launch of Sputnik intensified Cold War tensions and caused the — 16 The launch of Sputnik intensified Cold War tensions and caused the — I

F F F F

United States to increase spending on technology and weapons to compete with the Soviet Union United States to increase spending on technology and weapons to compete with the Soviet Union

G G G

Soviet Union to move missiles and warships to Cuba in order to threaten the United States Soviet Union to move missiles and warships to Cuba in order to threaten the United States

H H H

United States to send troops and aid to East Berlin to free it from Soviet control United States to send troops and aid to East Berlin to free it from Soviet control

J J J

Soviet Union to threaten Europe with nuclear attack if Soviet airspace were violated Soviet Union to threaten Europe with nuclear attack if Soviet airspace were violated

17 ? •To present new concepts for established products and ideas•To introduce new technology that replaces existing products•To organize and manage an enterprise with some personal riskWhich title best completes this list? A A A A

Roles of Entrepreneurs Roles of Entrepreneurs

B B B

Goals of the Federal Reserve Goals of the Federal Reserve

C C C

Objectives of Trade Union Leaders Objectives of Trade Union Leaders

D D D

Responsibilities of Business Professors Responsibilities of Business Professors

18 The establishment of speakeasies in the 1920s was an unintended consequence of which federal government action? F F F F

The taxation of imported luxury goods The taxation of imported luxury goods

G G G

The deportation of suspected communist sympathizers The deportation of suspected communist sympathizers

H H H

The prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages The prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages

J J J

The implementation of immigration restrictions The implementation of immigration restrictions

Figure

19 19 East–West Conflict in Europe During the Cold War. 1946–1949 1947 1948–1949 1948–1949 1949 1955 The Soviet Union forms the communist Eastern Bloc.. The United States announces the Truman Plan.. The Soviet Union enforces the Berlin Blockade.. ? Western Powers form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The Soviet Union creates the Warsaw Pact. Which statement correctly completes this time line? A A A A

The Allied powers divide Germany and Berlin into four sectors. The Allied powers divide Germany and Berlin into four sectors.

B B B

German citizens vote to reunite East and West Germany. German citizens vote to reunite East and West Germany.

C C C

The United States and Great Britain airlift supplies to West Berlin. The United States and Great Britain airlift supplies to West Berlin.

D D D

The United Nations sends troops into Eastern Europe. The United Nations sends troops into Eastern Europe.

20. In response to public concern over issues raised by Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, the federal government expanded its role in — F F F F

working with labor unions to increase worker salaries. working with labor unions to increase worker salaries.

G G G

taking responsibility for the safety of consumers. taking responsibility for the safety of consumers.

H H H

setting limits on the growth of private industry. setting limits on the growth of private industry.

J J J

implementing social welfare programs. implementing social welfare programs.

Figure

21 Which of the following demonstrates the diffusion of American culture? 21 Which of the following demonstrates the diffusion of American culture? A A A A

The establishment of multinational research centers in Antarctica The establishment of multinational research centers in Antarctica

B B B

The presence of German immigrants in the United States The presence of German immigrants in the United States

C C C

The establishment of a Saudi Arabian embassy in the United States The establishment of a Saudi Arabian embassy in the United States

D D D

The rise of baseball as a major sport in Japan The rise of baseball as a major sport in Japan

22 American Indian leaders and activists organize a nonviolent protest to bring attention to issues affecting American Indians. More than 600 people travel in the “Trail of Broken Treaties” in a caravan of buses, cars, trucks, and campers to Saint Paul, Minnesota. — “1972: Trail of Broken Treaties,” U.S. National Library of Medicine, Native Voices, www.nlm.nih.gov (accessed April 7, 2014) Which earlier protest was most similar to the one described above? F F F F

The gathering of disillusioned youth at Woodstock The gathering of disillusioned youth at Woodstock

G G G

The burning of draft cards by opponents of the Vietnam War The burning of draft cards by opponents of the Vietnam War

H H H

The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

J J J

The labor demonstrations during the Pullman strike The labor demonstrations during the Pullman strike

Figure

23 23 Urban Mass Transit Vehicles, New York City, 1869–present Elevated train Train that ran on aboveground tracks 1869–1973 Cable car Streetcar operated by underground steam-driven cable conduits 1883–1909 Trolley Streetcar operated by overhead or underground electrical power 1887–1957 Subway Train that runs on underground tracks 1904–present Courtesy of the New York Transit Museum How did these developments in transportation most affect the standard of living in U.S. cities? A A A A

By increasing the expenses associated with relocation By increasing the expenses associated with relocation

B B B

By giving residents more flexibility in employment By giving residents more flexibility in employment

C C C

By expanding the options for personal education By expanding the options for personal education

D D D

By increasing traffic congestion on city streets By increasing traffic congestion on city streets

Figure

24 24 As secretary of commerce . . . Herbert Hoover seized on the cooperation between industry and science that had emerged during World War I and boldly extended it further into the realm of commerce. . . . Among Secretary Hoover’s most significant initiatives . . . was standardization and simplification of industrial parts and procedures. . . . The formulation of standard weights for loaves of bread, standard sizes for cans, and uniform rating of canned goods for quality, as well as standardization of packaging—“Herbert Hoover, Economic Mastermind,” (accessed March 18, 2014) Library of Congress, www.lcweb2.loc.gov

How did the introduction of these new practices most benefit U.S. business? F F F F

By increasing production efficiency By increasing production efficiency

G G G

By preventing shortages of goods By preventing shortages of goods

H H H

By increasing protective tariffs By increasing protective tariffs

J J J

By decreasing exports By decreasing exports

25 The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was primarily a response to — A A A A

increased U.S. presence in China increased U.S. presence in China

B B B

competition for jobs on the West Coast competition for jobs on the West Coast

C C C

rapid population growth in the Northeast rapid population growth in the Northeast

D D D

China’s actions during the Boxer Rebellion China’s actions during the Boxer Rebellion

Figure

26 26 Figure© CORBIS This cartoon comments on tactics used to — F F F F

secure the southern border of California secure the southern border of California

G G G

protect shipping lanes in the Great Lakes protect shipping lanes in the Great Lakes

H H H

create a defensive alliance with France create a defensive alliance with France

J J J

obtain control of the Panama Canal Zone obtain control of the Panama Canal Zone

Figure

27 27 All who recall the condition of the country in 1890 will remember that . . . the country was in real danger from another kind of slavery . . . that would result from the aggregations of capital in the hands of a few individuals and [businesses] controlling, for their own profit and advantage exclusively, the entire business of the country, including the production and sale of the necessaries of life. —Supreme Court Justice John Marshall Harlan, 1911 In this excerpt, Justice Harlan is warning against — A A A A

a civil service based on patronage rather than merit a civil service based on patronage rather than merit

B B B

allowing powerful monopolies to dominate interstate commerce allowing powerful monopolies to dominate interstate commerce

C C C

a lack of federal funding for essential transportation systems a lack of federal funding for essential transportation systems

D D D

allowing labor unions to interfere with production goals allowing labor unions to interfere with production goals

Figure

28 As part of the Nixon administration’s policy of Vietnamization, the U.S. military — 28 As part of the Nixon administration’s policy of Vietnamization, the U.S. military — F F F F

trained South Vietnamese forces to take over combat responsibilities from U.S. troops trained South Vietnamese forces to take over combat responsibilities from U.S. troops

G G G

shared military technology with North Vietnam shared military technology with North Vietnam

H H H

imposed martial law in North Vietnam imposed martial law in North Vietnam

J J J

installed a puppet government in South Vietnam installed a puppet government in South Vietnam

29 1961 Freedom Rides Used with permission of The Associated Press Copyright © 2015. All rights reserved. What was the goal of the protests depicted on this map? A. A. A. A.

To pressure Congress to prohibit discrimination against disabled citizens To pressure Congress to prohibit discrimination against disabled citizens

B. B. B.

To demonstrate the economic impact of discriminatory practices on interstate transportation To demonstrate the economic impact of discriminatory practices on interstate transportation

C. C. C.

To challenge the federal government to enforce Supreme Court rulings against discrimination in interstate transportation To challenge the federal government to enforce Supreme Court rulings against discrimination in interstate transportation

D D D

To persuade states to abandon discriminatory voter-registration procedures To persuade states to abandon discriminatory voter-registration procedures

Figure

30 30 In the last half of the nineteenth century, the United States experienced vast industrial growth. A new class of wealthy entrepreneurs and a prosperous middle class emerged. Factory jobs also increased to meet production demands. Which demographic change in the United States is most associated with this transformation? F F F F

Increased property values in rural areas Increased property values in rural areas

G G G

Increased life expectancies in urban areas Increased life expectancies in urban areas

H H H

Increased birth rates in rural areas Increased birth rates in rural areas

J J J

Increased migration to urban areas Increased migration to urban areas

31 Where...the investigation is no longer a general inquiry into an unsolved crime but has begun to focus on a particular suspect, the suspect . . . has requested and been denied an opportunity to consult with his lawyer, and the police have not effectively warned him of his absolute constitutional right to remain silent, the accused has been denied “the Assistance of Counsel” in violation of the Sixth Amendment . . . —Escobedo v. Illinois, 1964 What was one impact of this ruling?. A A A A

Impeachment procedures were redefined.. Impeachment procedures were redefined..

B B B

Due process guidelines were reexamined.. Due process guidelines were reexamined..

C C C

Full faith and credit was reaffirmed.. Full faith and credit was reaffirmed..

D D D

State laws were deemed supreme over federal laws.. State laws were deemed supreme over federal laws..

Figure

32 32 This naval dispatch reads “AIR RAID ON PEARL HARBOR X THIS IS NOT DRILL.” Source: Library of Congress, Manuscript Division The event reported in this dispatch led directly to — F F F F

the implementation of sanctions against Japan the implementation of sanctions against Japan

G G G

U.S. entry into World War II U.S. entry into World War II

H H H

the establishment of the Truman Doctrine the establishment of the Truman Doctrine

J J J

U.S. annexation of Hawaii U.S. annexation of Hawaii

Figure

33. How did the creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation change the nature of banking in the United States? 33. How did the creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation change the nature of banking in the United States? A A A A

The government began to guarantee bank deposits.. The government began to guarantee bank deposits..

B B B

Depositors could transfer investments without penalties.. Depositors could transfer investments without penalties..

C C C

Depositors were guaranteed minimum interest rates on savings accounts.. Depositors were guaranteed minimum interest rates on savings accounts..

D D D

The government required taxpayers to open savings accounts.. The government required taxpayers to open savings accounts..

34 Selected Features of the War Powers Resolution, 1973 •The president may only make use of armed forcesfollowing a declaration of war, authorization byCongress, or an attack on the United States.•The president must consult with Congress regularlyregarding the use of armed forces as long astroops remain in hostile situations.•Within 60 days the president will end the use ofarmed forces unless Congress acts to approvecontinued military action.How does this resolution demonstrate the principle of checks and balances?. F F F F

It expands the power of judicial review to military courts.. It expands the power of judicial review to military courts..

G G G

It allows the executive to determine the length of military conflicts.. It allows the executive to determine the length of military conflicts..

H H H

It allows Congress to limit the military authority of the executive branch.. It allows Congress to limit the military authority of the executive branch..

J J J

It gives Congress oversight of military strategy and operations.. It gives Congress oversight of military strategy and operations..

Figure

35 35 Commerce makes men independent of each another, gives quite another idea of their personal value, persuades them to manage their own affairs, and teaches them to be successful. . . . No country in the world has a more lively or concerned feeling for property than the United States and nowhere else does the majority display less inclination toward those doctrines which threaten to impair in any way at all the manner in which property is owned. — Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America Which value important to America’s success as a constitutional republic is best illustrated in this excerpt? A A A A

Social justice Social justice

B B B

Populism Populism

C C C

Laissez-faire Laissez-faire

D D D

Egalitarianism Egalitarianism

Figure

37 37 36. Some of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal programs were declared unconstitutional when the Supreme Court held that they — F F F F

required U.S. cooperation with foreign nations. required U.S. cooperation with foreign nations.

G G G

prevented equal access to the judicial system. prevented equal access to the judicial system.

H H H

granted privileges to religious organizations. granted privileges to religious organizations.

J J J

infringed on powers reserved to the states. infringed on powers reserved to the states.

Populist Demands in the Late 1800s •Regulation of railroad shipping charges•A graduated income tax•Free and unlimited coinage of silverThese demands most reflected the concerns of — A A A A

small farmers in need of affordable credit small farmers in need of affordable credit

B B B

robber barons pursuing higher profits robber barons pursuing higher profits

C C C

prominent bankers who controlled the money supply prominent bankers who controlled the money supply

D D D

immigrant workers seeking economic justice immigrant workers seeking economic justice

Figure

38 38 Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev and. President Richard Nixon, June 19, 1973. Source: NARA What was the primary goal of discussions between these two leaders? F F F F

To recognize the independence of former satellite states To recognize the independence of former satellite states

G G G

To reach a formal agreement on weapons control To reach a formal agreement on weapons control

H H H

To negotiate the reunification of Germany To negotiate the reunification of Germany

J J J

To develop a global environmental-protection policy To develop a global environmental-protection policy

Figure

39 39 Whenever normal agencies prove inadequate to the task and it becomes necessary for the Executive Branch of the Federal Government to use its powers and authority . . . the President’s responsibility is inescapable. In accordance with that responsibility, I have today issued an Executive Order directing the use of troops under Federal authority to aid . . . at Little Rock, Arkansas. —President Dwight D. Eisenhower, address from the White House, September 24, 1957 President Eisenhower exercised his federal authority in an effort to — A A A A

ensure the safety of protesters at lunch counter sit-ins ensure the safety of protesters at lunch counter sit-ins

B B B

end the violence directed against the Freedom Riders end the violence directed against the Freedom Riders

C C C

enforce a ruling to desegregate public schools enforce a ruling to desegregate public schools

D D D

protect citizens from rioting spurred by Ku Klux Klan rallies protect citizens from rioting spurred by Ku Klux Klan rallies

Figure

40 40 A song for the grand old Temp’rance tree,. That is bearing goodly fruit!. Its blessings ev’ry where we see,. We praise it, branch and root.. We’ll plant it wherever rum shops are,. In our native land so far,. Till its noble branches spread afar. On the golden sunny air!. Oh! we’ll gather round. The Temp’rance tree,. And sing our songs of joy.. Till the viper that is in the cup,. Shall no more destroy!. Till the viper that is in the cup,. Shall no more destroy!. Source: Library of Congress, Music Division These lyrics are representative of a movement that culminated in a constitutional amendment during the — F F F F

Harlem Renaissance Harlem Renaissance

G G G

New Deal New Deal

H H H

Reconstruction era Reconstruction era

J J J

Progressive Era Progressive Era

Figure

41 41 FigureSource: NARA This cartoon depicts President Woodrow Wilson calling on Congress to — A A A A

ratify the Treaty of Versailles ratify the Treaty of Versailles

B B B

issue a declaration of war against Germany issue a declaration of war against Germany

C C C

authorize the use of funds to support Russian revolutionaries authorize the use of funds to support Russian revolutionaries

D D D

enact trade sanctions against Germany enact trade sanctions against Germany

Figure

42 42 ?____________ was more involved in the minds andhearts and aspirations of people than any other First Lady in history. By the end of her life she was one of the most esteemed women in the world. During her 12 years in the White House she was sometimes laughed at and sometimes bitterly resented. But during her last years she became the object of almost universal respect. . . . She was hailed by countless numbers as their personal champion in a world first depression-ridden, then war-torn and finally maladjusWho is described in the obituary above? F F F F

Jacqueline Kennedy Jacqueline Kennedy

G G G

Mamie Eisenhower Mamie Eisenhower

H H H

Eleanor Roosevelt Eleanor Roosevelt

J J J

Claudia “Lady Bird” Johnson Claudia “Lady Bird” Johnson

43 Which factor contributed most to the flooding in New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina? A A A A

The location of the surrounding barrier islands The location of the surrounding barrier islands

B B B

The city’s low elevation The city’s low elevation

C C C

The presence of offshore oil rigs The presence of offshore oil rigs

D D D

The buildup of silt in the Mississippi The buildup of silt in the Mississippi

Figure

44 44 Principles of the World Trade Organization •Grants trading partners “most favorednation” status•Lowers trade barriers through negotiations•Discourages unfair trade practices andencourages competition•Creates trade opportunities for less-developed countriesHow have these principles most affected U.S. markets? F F F F

By stimulating consumer demand for products By stimulating consumer demand for products

G G G

By making business transactions costlier By making business transactions costlier

H H H

By causing shortages of essential materials By causing shortages of essential materials

J J J

By discouraging coordination among producers By discouraging coordination among producers

Figure

45 45 A homesteader had only to be the head of a household or at least 21 years of age to claim a 160-acre parcel of land. Settlers from all walks of life including newly arrived immigrants, farmers without land of their own from the East, single women and former slaves came to meet the challenge of “proving up” and keeping this “free land.” Each homesteader had to live on the land, build a home, make improvements and farm for 5 years before they were eligible to “prove up.” A total filing fee of $18 was the only(accessed November 14, 2013) —National Park Service, www.nps.gov

The process described above led to — A A A A

peaceful resolution of territorial disputes with American Indians peaceful resolution of territorial disputes with American Indians

B B B

the establishment of agricultural communities on the American frontier the establishment of agricultural communities on the American frontier

C C C

federal regulation of agriculture federal regulation of agriculture

D D D

a decline in immigration to urban areas a decline in immigration to urban areas

Figure

46 46 The reason...isnot because our only powerful potential enemy has sent men to invade our shores . . . but rather because of the traitorous actions of those who have been treated so well by this Nation. . . . This is glaringly true in the State Department. There the bright young men who are born with silver spoons in their mouths are the ones who have been most traitorous. . . . —Joseph McCarthy, speech at Wheeling, West Virginia, February 9, 1950 In this excerpt, McCarthy is attempting to incite fear about — F F F F

Japanese Americans confined in internment camps Japanese Americans confined in internment camps

G G G

organizers of the Civil Rights movement organizers of the Civil Rights movement

H H H

accomplices in the Watergate scandal accomplices in the Watergate scandal

J J J

members of the Communist Party in government positions members of the Communist Party in government positions

47. During the late nineteenth century, many Irish immigrants were discriminated against for being — A A A A

opposed to machine politics. opposed to machine politics.

B B B

loyal to the United Kingdom. loyal to the United Kingdom.

C C C

conscientious objectors. conscientious objectors.

D D D

Roman Catholics. Roman Catholics.

Figure

48 48 As early as 1925, then-Secretary of Commerce Hoover had warned President Coolidge that stock market speculation was getting out of hand. Yet in his final State of the Union Address, Coolidge saw no reason for alarm. Hoover, however, remained fearful. Even before his inauguration, he urged the Federal Reserve to halt “crazy and dangerous” gambling on Wall Street by increasing the discount rate the Federal Reserve charged banks for speculative loans. He asked magazines and newspapers to run stories warning ofBut Presidents in 1929 were not supposed to regulate Wall Street, or even talk about the gyrating market for fear of inadvertently setting off a panic, and Hoover backed off. —Richard Norton Smith and Timothy Walch, “The Ordeal of Herbert Hoover,” 2004 The economic conditions described in this excerpt contributed to — F F F F

a global economic depression a global economic depression

G G G

an increase in foreign investments in the U.S. market an increase in foreign investments in the U.S. market

H H H

the adoption of the gold standard the adoption of the gold standard

J J J

an increase in free market activity an increase in free market activity

49 How did Andrew Carnegie contribute to civic and social life in the United States? A A A A

By promoting spiritual and moral values in public schools By promoting spiritual and moral values in public schools

B B B

By supporting conservative ideals in federal legislation and foreign policy By supporting conservative ideals in federal legislation and foreign policy

C C C

By establishing philanthropic organizations dedicated to education and the arts By establishing philanthropic organizations dedicated to education and the arts

D D D

By creating a charitable foundation to end hunger By creating a charitable foundation to end hunger

Figure

50 50 The fundamental . . . purpose is to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations. —The Organic Act of 1916 What was the primary result of this legislation?. F F F F

States instituted their own environmental regulations.. States instituted their own environmental regulations..

G G G

Settlement on lands with fragile ecosystems was prohibited.. Settlement on lands with fragile ecosystems was prohibited..

H H H

Monopolies seized control of natural resources.. Monopolies seized control of natural resources..

J J J

National parks were created as a way to manage land resources.. National parks were created as a way to manage land resources..

Figure

51 51 U.S. Soldiers During World War I. Source: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division This photograph shows a military tactic that — A A A A

made troops more vulnerable to long-range missiles, resulting in heavy casualties made troops more vulnerable to long-range missiles, resulting in heavy casualties

B B B

required highly skilled soldiers, resulting in lengthy training periods required highly skilled soldiers, resulting in lengthy training periods

C C C

made frontal assaults difficult, resulting in long periods of stalemate made frontal assaults difficult, resulting in long periods of stalemate

D D D

required the ability to attack quickly, resulting in a reliance on cavalry forces required the ability to attack quickly, resulting in a reliance on cavalry forces

Figure

52 52 On June 25, 1998, the United States Supreme Court in Clinton, et al. v. City of New York, et al. held that the Line Item Veto Act violated the Presentment Clause of the Constitution. The Clause requires that every bill which has passed the House and Senate before becoming law must be presented to the President for approval or veto, but is silent on whether the President may amend or repeal provisions of bills that have passed the House and Senate in identical form. The Court interpreted silence on this issu—Thomas J. Nicola, Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, 1998 The Supreme Court’s actions in agreeing to hear this case illustrate — F F F F

key aspects of a democracy based on popular sovereignty key aspects of a democracy based on popular sovereignty

G G G

checks and balances between branches of the federal government checks and balances between branches of the federal government

H H H

legal rulings of a partisan nature as a result of judicial activism legal rulings of a partisan nature as a result of judicial activism

J J J

separate roles of state and national governments in a federal system separate roles of state and national governments in a federal system

Figure

53 53 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 Trends in Confidence in Government, 1973–1983 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%Percentage of Responses Indicating a“Great Deal of Confidence”Executive Office Congress Source: National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago Which of the following was the primary reason for the trends in public confidence from 1973 to 1976? A A A A

The normalization of relations with China. The normalization of relations with China.

B B B

The explosion aboard Apollo 13. The explosion aboard Apollo 13.

C C C

The Watergate scandal. The Watergate scandal.

D D D

The nuclear-power accident at Three Mile Island. The nuclear-power accident at Three Mile Island.

Figure

54 54 Agencies Created During the New Deal •Civilian Conservation Corps•Works Progress Administration•Farm Credit Administration•Home Owners’ Loan CorporationThe goals of these New Deal agencies support the conclusion that the New Deal — F F F F

gave the federal government a larger role in the day-to-day welfare of its citizens gave the federal government a larger role in the day-to-day welfare of its citizens

G G G

forced citizens to participate in federal programs forced citizens to participate in federal programs

H H H

gave preference to state-run agencies over federally run agencies gave preference to state-run agencies over federally run agencies

J J J

forced the federal government to adopt isolationist foreign policies forced the federal government to adopt isolationist foreign policies

Figure

55 55 FigureSource: NARA These demonstrations led to — A A A A

a global energy crisis brought on by an OPEC oil embargo a global energy crisis brought on by an OPEC oil embargo

B B B

the bombing of a Marine barracks, followed by retaliatory U.S. air strikes the bombing of a Marine barracks, followed by retaliatory U.S. air strikes

C C C

a U.S. boycott of the Olympics in protest of events in Central Asia a U.S. boycott of the Olympics in protest of events in Central Asia

D D D

a hostage crisis that severely damaged confidence in the Carter administration a hostage crisis that severely damaged confidence in the Carter administration

Figure

56 56 1 32 4 5 6 7 8 9 1110 12 13 Picture of a flapper. Thirteen qualifications: No. 1, hat of soft silk or felt; No. 2, bobbed hair; No. 3, flapper curl on forehead; No. 4, flapper collar; No. 5, flapper earrings; No. 6, slip-over sweater; No. 7, flapper beads; No. 8, metallic belt; No. 9, bracelet of strung jet; No. 10, knee-length fringed skirt; No. 11, exposed, bare knees; No. 12, rolled hose with fancy garter; No. 13, flat-heeled, little-girl sandals. —Weekly Journal-Miner, Prescott, Arizona, August 2, 1922 Which inference about the 1920s is supported by this illustration? F F F F

Women confronted discrimination in employment and education. Women confronted discrimination in employment and education.

G G G

Women challenged traditional attitudes and social norms. Women challenged traditional attitudes and social norms.

H H H

Reform organizations targeted women’s issues. Reform organizations targeted women’s issues.

J J J

Mass media reflected trends popular in rural communities. Mass media reflected trends popular in rural communities.

Figure

57 57 Today, on behalf of your fellow Americans, I offer a sincere apology to you for the actions that unfairly denied . . . families fundamental liberties during World War II. In passing the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, we acknowledged the wrongs of the past and offered redress to those who endured such grave injustice. In retrospect, we understand that the nation’s actions were rooted deeply in racial prejudice, wartime hysteria, and a lack of political leadership. —President Bill Clinton, letter of apology, October 1, 1993 In this excerpt, President Clinton is apologizing for — A A A A

the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act

B B B

the verdict of the Sacco and Vanzetti trial the verdict of the Sacco and Vanzetti trial

C C C

the hearings of the House Un-American Activities Committee the hearings of the House Un-American Activities Committee

D D D

the internment of Japanese Americans the internment of Japanese Americans

Figure

58 These photographs are of the same student at Carlisle Indian School during the late nineteenth century. 58 These photographs are of the same student at Carlisle Indian School during the late nineteenth century. Tom Torlino, Navajo As He Entered the As He Appeared Three School in 1882 Years Later Source: Archives and Special Collections, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA Which word best explains the changes shown in these photographs? F F F F

Immigration Immigration

G G G

Assimilation Assimilation

H H H

Nullification Nullification

J J J

Nativism Nativism

Figure

59 Which of the following identifies two effects of the Harlem Renaissance?59 Which of the following identifies two effects of the Harlem Renaissance? A A A A

•Increased geographic concentration of African Americans•Increased popularity of venues featuring African Americanartists•Increased geographic concentration of African Americans•Increased popularity of venues featuring African Americanartists

B B B

•Founding of colleges for African Americans•Founding of the Socialist Party•Founding of colleges for African Americans•Founding of the Socialist Party

C C C

•Founding of Tuskegee University•Migration of African Americans to western states•Founding of Tuskegee University•Migration of African Americans to western states

D D D

•Ratification of constitutional amendments ensuring rights forAfrican Americans•Increased support for the prohibition of alcoholic beverages•Ratification of constitutional amendments ensuring rights forAfrican Americans•Increased support for the prohibition of alcoholic beverages

Figure

60 60 On January 22, 1964, the Joint Chiefs of Staff sent Secretary of Defense McNamara a memorandum that included the following recommendations: •Assign responsibilities for the total U.S. program inVietnam to the U.S. military commander•Commit additional U.S. forces, as necessary, insupport of the combat action within South Vietnam•Commit U.S. forces, as necessary, in direct actionsagainst North VietnamWhat happened as a direct result of these recommendations?. F F F F

North Vietnamese leaders appealed for a ceasefire.. North Vietnamese leaders appealed for a ceasefire..

G G G

U.S military involvement in Vietnam escalated.. U.S military involvement in Vietnam escalated..

H H H

South Vietnamese leaders rejected military assistance.. South Vietnamese leaders rejected military assistance..

J J J

Soviet ground troops were deployed to Vietnam.. Soviet ground troops were deployed to Vietnam..

61 Selected Aspects of the U.S. Economy, 1950–1960 •Civilian employment grew from 59.7 million to 66.4million.•The gross domestic product (GDP) increased 39percent.•The average family income increased 57.9 percent.The changes described in this list contributed most directly to — A A A A

a decline in home ownership rates a decline in home ownership rates

B B B

a rise in the number of business failures a rise in the number of business failures

C C C

a decrease in federal employment opportunities a decrease in federal employment opportunities

D D D

an increase in consumer spending an increase in consumer spending

Figure

62 Which of these is the best definition of an era? 62 Which of these is the best definition of an era? F F F F

A period of time identified by political, economic, or social trends A period of time identified by political, economic, or social trends

G G G

A series of various changes over many years A series of various changes over many years

H H H

A series of events unified by individual or organized protests A series of events unified by individual or organized protests

J J J

A period of time lasting between 10 and 15 years A period of time lasting between 10 and 15 years

63 2:VirginIslands2: Virgin Islands2: Virgin Islands 4:WIsland4: W4: Waaakkkeee IslandIsland 1: Puerto Rico 3: American Samoa Which numbered territory did the United States gain by winning the Spanish-American War? A A A A

1 1

B B B

2 2

C C C

3 3

D D D

4 4

64 64 1980s 2010s Work in an office Work from home In-house customer-service departments Outsourcing of customer service Handmade items sold at local fairs Handmade items sold to people all over the world Research conducted at libraries Research conducted remotely Which of the following is most responsible for the differences shown on the table? F F F F

Robert L. Johnson’s creation of a major television network Robert L. Johnson’s creation of a major television network

G G G

Tim Berners-Lee’s invention of the World Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee’s invention of the World Wide Web

H H H

Jeff Bezos’ founding of Amazon.com Jeff Bezos’ founding of Amazon.com

J J J

Michael Dell’s use of just-in-time manufacturing M