stable diagnostic characters of parental lines and their hybrids of cotton, castor and safflower

Stable diagnostic characters of parental lines and their hybrids of cotton, castor and

safflower

Yanal AlkuddsiII Ph.D (Agri)

Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding

University of Agricultural Sciences

Dharwad, Karnataka, India, 580005

To achieve desired impact of high yielding varieties

and improved production technology, availability of

high quality of seed is the first and foremost

requirement.

In seed programme the maintenance of genetic

purity of the parental lines and hybrid seed is very

important.

To achieve these objectives, information on

diagnostic characters of parental lines and hybrid is

essential which can be used by seed growers/seed

corporations, seed certification agencies in order to

determine the genetic purity and also to remove the

off types from the seed crop.

Need for Diagnostic Characters:

TAXONOMY:• Family: Malvaceae

• Tribe: Gossypia

• Genus: Gossipium

FLORAL BIOLOGY IN COTTON:

1. Varies from species to species

2. Calyx –5.

3. Petals-5.

4. Stamens numerous.44

66

G. thurberiG. arboreum

G.herbaceum

• G. arboretum (n=13) Asiatic cottons/ old world cottons/ desi cottons

•G. herbaceum (n= 13) Asiatic cottons / old world cottons/desi cottons

- Both are diploids

- Both species have the genome A.

India appears to have been the main cotton- producing area of old world,

from there the two species spread along the commercial routes radiating

around Indian ocean

1.G.hirsutum (n=26) American cottons/ new world cottons/exotic cottons

2.G. barnadense (n= 26) American cottons/new world cottons/ exotic

cottons.

. Both are tetraploids.

. Both species carrying the genomes A and D.

. G. barbadense. Derived from a perennial cotton native to Peru, called

Tanguis.

. This variety was introduced into USA, in the name " Sea – Island" which

has the longest and finest fibres of all the cultivated cottons.

COTTON GROWING ZONES IN INDIA

NORTHERN HIRSUTUM

& ARBOREUM ZONE

CENTRAL HIRSUTUM ARBOREUM

HERBACEUM & HYBRID ZONE

SOUTHERN HIRSUTUM ARBOREUM

HERBACEUM BARBADENSE & HYBRID ZONE

EASTERN ARBOREUM ZONE

J

H

11.0 M ha in 2010

G. barbadense varieties and inter-specific HxB hybrids

Most popular G. hirsutum varieties

Most popular G. hirsutum hybrids

Until 2002, about 50 hybrids were released. In the past 5 years >500 G. hirsutum Bt hybrids have been released. The area under hybrid cotton is about 90% in 2009.

Hybrid RAHH-95 (Virajita)

Name of the crop and species Cotton (Intrahirsutum Hybrid)

Name of the hybrid under which

tested

RAHH-95

Proposed name of the variety Virajita

Sponsored by Dr. Shreekant . S. Patil,

Principal Scientist, ARS,

Dharwad Farm, Dharwad-

580007

Institution/ agency/ responsible for

developing the variety

University of Agricultural

Sciences, Dharwad- 580005,

Karnataka

RAHH-95

a) Plant height 150-160 cm

b) Distinguishing

morphological characters

As detailed

No. of monopodia 1-2

No. of sympodia 22-25

Leaves Medium green leaves

Stem Hairy with pale red stem

Flowers

Petal colour Yellow

Pollen colour Cream

Petal spot Absent

Boll features

Description of the Hybrid

Locules 4-5 locule

Shape Conical

Weight 4.5- 6.0 g

Seed index 8.8-9.5g

c) Maturity 160-170 days

d) Maturity group Medium

e)Reaction to major diseases On par with check

f) Reaction to pests On par with check

G) Agronomic features

Sowing date May- July

Spacing 90 x 60 cms

Fertilizer responsiveness 120:60:60 kg NPK /ha

Seed rate 2.5 kg/ha (fuzzy seed), 2.0 kg/ha

h) Quality of produce Bright white cotton with good boll

opening superior medium staple

cotton suitable for 40s count

i) Reaction to stresses --------------------

Quality of fibre Full scale Spinning Test

2.5% span length (mm) 26.4

Uniformity 49

Micronair 3.4

Fibre Strength (g/tex at 3.2 mm gauge) 23.6

Maturity coefficient 69

Microspinning

CSP 30’S

40’S

2550 against standard CSP of 2116


Ginning %

Characters Female (RAH-52) Male (RAH-80)

a) Plant height 150-165 cm 150-160 cm

b) Distinguishing


As detailed

No. of monopodia 1-2 1-2

No. of sympodia 20-25 21-25

Leaf Hairy with dark green

color

Tri- lobed, dull green

and sparsely hairy

Flowers

Petal colour Cream Yellow

Anther colour Cream Cream

Petal spot Absent Absent

Boll features

Description of the Parents

Characters Female (RAH -52) Male (RAH-80)

Bolls Oval shaped, four loculed

with pointed tip

Round to oval

shape, four loculed

with blunt tip

Seeds Greenish less Fuzzy Fuzzy

Seed index 10-10.8g 10-10.4g

c) Days to 50 % flowering 60-67 days 60-65 days

d) Maturity 165-170 days 160-165 days

e)Is there any problem of

synchronization? If yes,

methods to overcome it

No problem of synchronization

f)Reaction to major

diseases

On par with check On par with check

g) Reaction to major

pests


h) Reaction to stresses More productive than check

Hybrid RAHB-87 (Yashasvi)

Name of the crop and species Cotton (Interspecific Hybrid)


tested

RAHB-87

Proposed name of the variety Yashasvi

Sponsored by Dr. Shreekant . S. Patil,

Principal Scientist, ARS,

Dharwad Farm, Dharwad-

580007



University of Agricultural

Sciences, Dharwad- 580005,

Karnataka

RAHB-87

a) Plant height 150-170 cm

b) Distinguishing morphological

characters

As detailed

No. of monopodia 1-3

No. of sympodia 20-22

Leaves Medium to big in size, green deep

cut lobes

Stem Strong stem, long internodes with

medium red pigmentation

Flowers

Petal colour Yellow

Pollen colour Yellow

Petal spot Present

Boll features

Description of the Hybrid

Locules 3 locules

Shape Long and pointed

Weight 3-4 g

Seed index 9-10 g

c) Maturity 180 days

d) Maturity group Medium

e)Reaction to major diseases Moderately resistant to alternaria , bacterial blight

and grey mildew diseases

f) Reaction to pests Moderately tolerant to sucking pests and bollworms

G) Agronomic features

Sowing date May- July

Spacing 90 x 60 cms

Fertilizer responsiveness 150:75:75 kg NPK /ha

Seed rate 2.5 kg/ha (fuzzy seed), 2.0 kg/ha

h) Quality of produce White cotton with good boll opening extra long

staple cotton suitable for 60s count

i) Reaction to stresses --------------------

Quality of fibre Full scale Spinning Test

2.5% span length (mm) 35.6

Uniformity ratio 44.0

Micronair 3.5

Fibre Strength (g/tex at 3.2 mm gauge) 28.7

Maturity coefficient 62

Microspinning

CSP 30’S

40’S



Ginning % 35.2

Characters Female (RAH-101-52) Male (RAB-5)

a) Plant height 150 cm 145-150 cm

b) Distinguishing


As detailed

monopodia 1-2 1-3

sympodia Medium size internode Multinoded longer

internode

Leaf Hairy medium size leaf

medium green

Medium dark green

Flowers Medium size Big

Petal colour Cream Deep Yellow

Anther colour Cream Yellow

Petal spot Absent Present

Boll features


Characters Female (RAH-101-52) Male (RAB-5)

Bolls Oval big with pointed tip,

4.5 to 5.0 g

Medium pointed 2.8

to 3.0 g

Seeds Greenish less Fuzzy Naked

Seed index 10-10.8g 9.8-10.2g


d) Maturity 165-180 days 175-180 days

e)Is there any problem of



No problem of synchronization

f)Reaction to major

diseases

Moderately tolerant to

bollworm and sucking

pests

Moderately tolerant

to bollworm and

sucking pests


pests


h) Reaction to stresses More productive than checks

Hybrid RAHH-98 (Shree)

Name of the crop and species Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum

L.)


tested

RAHH-98 (Shree)

Proposed name of the variety Gossypium hirsutum L. x

Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Sponsored by Director of Research, University

of Agricultural Sciences,

Dharwad- 580007



Regional Agricultural Research

Station, Raichur, UAS,

Dharwad

RAHH-98 (Shree)

Characters Female (RAH-128) Male (RAH-104)

a) Plant height 160-170cm 150-160 cm

b) Distinguishing


As detailed

No. of monopodia 2-3 1-2

No. of sympodia 20-25 18-20

Leaf Medium green Green

Flowers

Petal colour Cream Yellow

Anther colour Cream Cream

Petal spot Absent Absent

Boll features


Characters Female (RAH -128) Male (RAH-104)

Bolls Oval shaped Round to oval, 4-5

locules

Seeds Fuzzy Fuzzy

Seed index 10-10.2 g 10.2-10.4g


d) Days to Maturity 165-170 days 160-165days

e) Is there any problem of



synchronization

f) Reaction to major

diseases


BLB, GM

Moderately tolerant

to BLB, GM


pests


sucking pests and

bollworms

Moderately tolerant

to sucking pests

and bollworms

Ricinus communis

Castor oil plant

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Plantae

Phylum: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Malpighiales

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Subfamily: Acalyphoideae

Tribe: Acalypheae

Subtribe: Ricininae

Genus: Ricinus

Species: R. communis

Binomial name

Ricinus communis

L.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classification

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowering_plant

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicotyledon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malpighiales

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphorbiaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalyphoideae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypheae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus

• Castor is an important industrial oilseed crop in the world with wide adaptation.

There is a need to make castor more productive to meet the global demand. This

can be achieved through genetic enhancement for productivity as well by

introgression genetic resistance to major biotic and a biotic stresses such as

Fusarium wilt, Macrophomina root rot, Botrytis grey rot, lepidopteran and sucking

pests and drought.

1. Recommended variety for a particular area should he chosen.

2. Seed treatment with Thiram (3 g/kg of seed) should he done before sowing to prevent the

attack of root rot and alternaria blight.

3.Sowing should be done at the right time as recommended for different agro-climatic

conditions. Sowing should he done with proper spacing as recommended for different regions.

4.The recommended fertilizer schedule for the region should he adopted.

5. Proper, timely and adequate plant-protection manure should be adopted to save the crop from

insect pests and diseases.

6. Two to three intercultures should be done to provide aeration for the root-system and to keep

the crop free from weeds.

7. The nipping of branches increases the size of the main spike and induces early maturity.

8. Harvesting must be done at the right time, as too early or too late harvesting results in

reduced yield, oil and shattering of seed respectively

Important hints for getting Maximum yields

GAUCH-1 (VHB -44)

• Year of release: 1973

• Notified vide S.O.No. date: 786, 02-02-1976

• Released at central or state level: State

• Developed by : AICRP (CASTOR) centre

Oilseeds Research Station

Junagadh Agricultural University

Junagadh,Gujarat

• Pedigree/ type of material: VP-1/VI-9, hybrid

• Recommended ecology: Irrigated and rainfed regions of Gujarat

• Duration: Early

• Growth habit: Medium

• Average seed yield (kg/ha): 1520

• Source of seed: Gujarat State Seed Corporation, Gandhinagar

Morphological description

Vegetative Phase Hybrid Female Male

Plant characters GAUCH-1 VP-1 VI-9

Hypocotyl anthocyanin colouration Absent Present Present

Stem colour Light red Green Green

Bloom Triple Triple (thick) Double

Type of internodes on stem Elongated Condensed Elongated

Branching pattern Divergent Convergent Divergent

Location of branches Basal Basal Basal

Plant height Medium to

tall

short Medium to

tall

Plant type Normal Dwarf Normal

Leaf characters

Anthocyanin pigmentation of young emerging

leaves

Absent Absent Absent

Anthocyanin colouration of lamina Absent Absent Absent



Shape Flat Deep cup Flat

Lascinataion on 4th leaf from top Shallow Shallow Shallow

Petiole surface Smooth Smooth Smooth

Reproductive phase

Type of flowers on primary spike Interspersed Pistillate Monoecious

Spike characters Basal Basal Basal

Shape Conical Conical, Long Conical

Arrangment of capsules Semi-compact Semi-compact Compact

Capsule characters

Size Bold Bold Bold

Spininess Spiny Spiny Spiny

Spin length (mm) 19 19-20

Seed characters

Size Medium Medium Medium

Shape Oval Oval Oval

Colour Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown

Mottling High High Small

Caruncle Big Small Small



Quantitative description

Days to 50 % flowering 45-50 40-50 50-60

Days to maturity (first picking) 90-100 110-120 90-100

Plant height up to base of primary (cm) 70-90 60-70 60-70

Number of nodes to primary raceme 12-16 12-18 13-15

100 seed weight (g) 19-21 27-29 24-28

Oil content 46-47 47-50 40

GAUCH-1 (VHB -44)

GCH-2 (VHB-150)


• Notified vide S.O.No. date: 258(E), 14-05-1986


• Developed by : AICRP (CASTOR) centre

Oilseeds Research Station

Junagadh Agricultural University

Junagadh, Gujarat

• Pedigree/ type of material: VP-1/JI-35, hybrid

• Recommended ecology: Irrigated and rainfed regions of Gujarat

• Duration: Medium






Plant characters GCH-2 VP-1 JI-35


Stem colour Green with

reddish tinge

Green Green





Plant height Medium short Medium


Leaf characters


leaves






Lascinataion (on 4th leaf from top) Shallow Shallow Shallow


Reproductive phase


Spike characters

Shape Conical Conical, Long Conical

Arrangment of capsules Semi-compact Semi-compact Compact

Capsule characters

Spininess Spiny Spiny Spiny

Seed characters

Shape Oval Oval Elongated


Mottling High High High

Caruncle Big Small Big








100 seed weight (g) 28-30 26 20

Oil content 47-49 38-40 37

GCH-2 (VHB-150)

GCH-4 (SHB-18)


• Notified vide S.O.No. date: 10 (E), 01-01-1988

• Released at central or state level: Central

• Developed by : AICRP (CASTOR) centre, Castor and

Mustard Research Station,Sardar

Krushi Nagar Dantiwada

Aricultural University, S.K.Nagar, Gujarat

• Pedigree/ type of material: VP-1/48-1, hybrid

• Recommended ecology: Irrigated and rainfed castor growing

regions of India





• Special Features: Tolerant to Fusarium wilt, resistant to leaf

hoppers



Plant characters GCH-4 VP-1 48-1


Stem colour Light red Green Red




Location of branches Basal Basal Top

Plant height Medium tall short Tall


Leaf characters


leaves







Number of lobes More(>10) Few(<10) Few(<10)


Reproductive phase


Spike characters

Shape Conical Conical, Long Long,Conical

Arrangment of capsules Semi-compact Semi-compact Loose

Capsule characters

Colour Green with

reddish tinge

Green Green with reddish

tinge

Spininess Semi- spiny Spiny Non- spiny

Size Bold Bold Bold

Seed characters

Size Medium Medium Medium bold


Colour Dark brown Dark brown Light brown

Reproductive phase Hybrid Female Male

Seed characters GCH-4 VP-1 48-1


Caruncle Big Small Small






100 seed weight (g) 28-29 26 28.4

Oil content 48-50 38-40 47-48

GCH-4 (SHB-18)

GCH-5 (SHB-145)




• Developed by : AICRP (CASTOR) centre, Castor and

Mustard Research Station,Sardar

Krushi Nagar Dantiwada

Aricultural University, S.K.Nagar, Gujarat

• Pedigree/ type of material: Geeta/SH-72, hybrid Geeta, a pistillate

selection from 48-1, SH 72- VI- 9/ Masalio, inbred

• Recommended ecology: Irrigated and rainfed castor growing regions of

India

• Duration: Late

• Growth habit: Tall



• Special Features: Resistant to wilt and tolerant to root rot, tolerant to

jassids, white fly, capsule borer and moisture stress



Plant characters GCH-5 Geeta SH-72

Hypocotyl anthocyanin colouration Absent Present Absent

Stem colour Mahogany Red Green

Bloom Double Double Double

Type of internodes on stem Elongated Elongated Elongated

Branching pattern Divergent Divergent Divergent

Location of branches Basal Top Basal

Plant height Tall Tall Medium tall

Plant type Normal Normal Normal

Leaf characters

Anthocyanin pigmentation of young

emerging leaves

Present Present Absent

Anthocyanin colouration of lamina Green with

reddish veins

Green with

reddish veins

Green



Shape Flat Flat Flat


Hairiness Absent Absent Absent

Petiole surface Rough Rough Smooth

Reproductive phase

Colour of fully developed stigma Red Red Red


Spike characters

Size Long Long Medium

Shape Conical Conical Conical

Arrangment of capsules Semi-compact Semi-compact Loose

Capsule characters

Colour Green Green Green

Spininess Semi- spiny Spiny Non- spiny

Size Bold Bold Bold

Seed characters

Size Medium bold Medium bold Medium bold

Shape Oval Elongated Oval


Hybrid Female Male



Caruncle Small Small Small






100 seed weight (g) 27-28 20-25 27-29

Oil content 49.7 48-50 49-50

GCH-6 (JHB-665)




• Developed by : AICRP (CASTOR) centre, Oilseeds Research Station,

Junagadh Aricultural University Junagadh, Gujarat

• Pedigree/ type of material: JP65/ JI-96, HYBRID


India



• Average seed yield (kg/ha): 1300 (Rainfed), 2300 (Irrigated)


• Special Features: Resistant to root rot, tolerant to wilt, resistant to

lodging, non shattering



Plant characters GCH-6 JP-65 JI-96

Hypocotyl anthocyanin colouration Absent Present

Stem colour Red Red Mahogany

Bloom Double Zero Triple




Plant height Medium Medium Medium


Leaf characters


emerging leaves

Absent Present Present

Anthocyanin colouration of lamina Absent Present Present






Reproductive phase

Type of flowers on primary spike Mostly female Pistillate Monoecious

Spike characters

Size Long Medium long Medium

Shape Conical Conical

Arrangment of capsules compact compact Semi

Capsule characters

Colour Green Red Green

Spininess spiny Spiny spiny

Size Bold Bold

Seed characters


Shape Elongated Elongated Elongated

Colour Light Chocolate Chocolated Dark brown

Hybrid Female Male



Caruncle Big Big Big




Plant height up to base of primary (cm) 80-85 75 90

Number of nodes to primary raceme Mean

Range

16

14-17

15

12-16

17

15-19

100 seed weight (g) 33.0 29.2 33.3

Oil content 48.1 47.8 48.1

GCH-6 (JHB-665)

Deepti (DCH-32)




• Developed by : Directorate of Oilseeds Reaearch, Hyderabad

• Pedigree/ type of material: LRES-17 /REC-5, Hybrid

• Recommended ecology: Early and timely sown rainfed areas of hot semi-

arid Deccan Plateau (Andra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka) and

irrigated areas of Maharashtra Rajasthan and Gujarat

• Duration: Early


• Average seed yield (kg/ha): 1030 (Rainfed)

• 2460 (Irrigated)

• Source of seed: Directorate of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad

• Special Features: Resistant to leaf hoppers, suitable for early and timely

sown conditions



Plant characters Deepti LRES-17 REC-5

Hypocotyl anthocyanin colouration Present Present Present

Stem colour Red Green Red

Bloom Triple Triple Double





Leaf characters


emerging leaves

Absent Absent Present


Plant characters Deepti LRES-17 REC-5




Number of lobes Few (<10) Few (<10) Few (<10)


Reproductive phase

Type of flowers on primary spike Monoecious Pistillate Monoecious

Spike characters


Compactenss compact Semi-compact Compact

Capsule characters



Size Bold Small Medium

Seed characters

Size Medium bold Small Medium bold


Reproductive phase Hybrid Female Male


Colour Brown Light chocolate Light Brown

Mottling High Low High

Caruncle Small Small Small


Days to 50 % flowering 30-35 40 30




Range

11

9-13

12

9-14

10

9-12

100 seed weight (g) 27.2 25.4 23.0

Oil content 48.5 48.6 48.6

Deepti (DCH-32)

TMVCH-1




• Developed by : AICRP (CASTOR) centre, Tapioca and Castor Research

Station, Yethapur, Tamil Nadu

Aricultural University, Coimbatore

• Pedigree/ type of material: LRES-17 /TMV-5, Hybrid

• Recommended ecology: Pure and intercropping situations of Salem,

Namakkal, Erode and parts of Trichy and Pudukottai districts of Tamil

Nadu during Kharif under rainfed conditions


• Growth habit: Medium to tall



• Special Features: Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore



Plant characters TMVCH-1 LRES-17 TMV-5


Stem colour Red Light green Red

Bloom Triple Triple Triple




Plant height Medium to

tall

Short Medium


Leaf characters


emerging leaves

Present Absent Present


Plant characters TMVCH-1 LRES-17 TMV-5

Anthocyanin colouration of lamina Present Absent Present

Shape Flat cup Flat



Number of lobes Few (<10) Few (<10) Few (<10)


Reproductive phase


Spike characters


Arrangement of capsules Semi- compact Semi-compact Semi- Compact

Capsule characters

Colour Green Green Green with purple tinge


Size Medium Bold Bold Medium

Seed characters

Size Medium Medium Small


Hybrid Female Male

Seed characters TMVCH-1 LRES-17 TMV-5

Colour Light chocolate Light chocolate Grew

speckled with

dark septa

Mottling High Small High

Caruncle Big Small Big






Range

12

14-18

10

9-14

12

10-18

100 seed weight (g) 26.5 25.5 20.0

Oil content (%) 47-49 48-49 46-49

Deepak (DCH- 177)




• Developed by : Directorate of Oilseeds Reasearch, Hyderabad

• Pedigree/ type of material: DPC-9/DCS-9 (Jyothi)

• Recommended ecology: Rainfed areas of hot semi- arid Deccan plateau

(Andra Pradesh, Tamilnadu and Karnataka) and irrigated areas of

Maharashtra



• Average seed yield (kg/ha):

Rainfed: 1550

Irrigated: 2130


• Special Features: Resistant to Fusarium wilt and white fly, resistant to

lodging non- shattering escapes from Botrytis in early sown conditions



Plant characters DCH 177 DPC 9 Jyoti


Stem colour Red Green Red

Bloom Single Zero Double




Plant height Medium tall Medium Short


Leaf characters


emerging leaves

Present Present Present


Plant characters DCH 177 DPC 9 Jyoti

Anthocyanin colouration of lamina Present Absent Present

Shape Flat cup Flat



Petiole surface Smooth Smooth Rough

Reproductive phase

Type of flowers on primary spike Mostly Pistillate Pistillate Monoecious

Spike characters

Size Long Long Short


Arrangement of capsules compact compact Compact

Capsule characters

Colour Dark Green Dark Green Green


Size Medium Bold Medium Bold Bold

Seed characters


Shape Oval Square Oval

Hybrid Female Male

Seed characters DCH 177 DPC 9 Jyoti

Colour Brown Light Brown Brown

Mottling Small Small High





Plant height up to base of primary (cm) Mean

Range

185

150-220

-

60-110

-

60-100


Range

14

11-17

12

10-16

10

9-12

100 seed weight (g) 27.8 25.7 29

Oil content (%) 49.0 50.2 48.5

Deepak (DCH- 177)

RCH-1 (RHC-1)




• Developed by :: AICRP (CASTOR) centre, Aricultural Research Station,

Mandor, Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner

• Pedigree/ type of material: VP-1X TMV-5-1, hybrid

• Recommended ecology: Irrigated areas of Rajasthan




Rainfed: 900-1200

Irrigated: 3000-3200

• Source of seed: Resistant to leaf hoppers

• Special Features: Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Rajasthan



Plant characters RCH-1 VP-1 TMV 5-1


Stem colour Mahogany Green Mahogany

Bloom Triple (Thick) Triple (Thick) Triple (Thick)




Plant height Medium tall Short Medium tall


Leaf characters


emerging leaves

Present Absent Present


Plant characters RCH-1 VP-1 TMV 5-1

Anthocyanin colouration of lamina Absent Absent Present



Hairiness Few (<10) More (>10) More (>10)


Reproductive phase


Spike characters

Shape Conical Conical, long Conical

Compactness Semi- compact Semi- compact Compact

Capsule characters

Colour Green Green Green with purple tinge


Size Medium Bold Bold Medium Bold

Seed characters



Hybrid Female Male

Seed characters RCH-1 VP-1 TMV 5-1

Colour Brown Dark Brown Dark Brown

Mottling Small High High

Caruncle Small Small Big


Days to 50 % flowering 45 40-45 140-150

Days to maturity (first picking) 120 110-20 120-130



100 seed weight (g) 26-28 27-29 27-29

Oil content (%) 49.3 47-50 46-49

RCH-1 (RHC-1)

DCH 519




• Developed by :: Directorate of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad

• Pedigree/ type of material: M-574/DCS-78, hybrid

• Recommended ecology: Rainfed and Irrigated conditions, all over India




Rainfed: 1740

Irrigated: 2130

• Source of seed: Resistant to Fusarium wilt, leaf hoppers

• Special Features: Directorate of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad



Plant characters DCH 519 M 574 DCS 78

Hypocotyl anthocyanin colouration Absent Medium Medium

Stem colour Green Green Green

Bloom Triple Triple Double



Plant height Medium to tall Short to medium Medium to tall


Leaf characters


leaves




Lascination (on 4th leaf from top) Shallow Shallow Shallow


Number of lobes Few (=10) Few (8-9) Few (=10)

Petiole surface Rough Rough Smooth

Petiole length (cm) 42 23 41


Plant characters DCH 519 M 574 DCS 78

Length of 3 rd leaf from top (cm) 46-47 24 43-44

Reproductive phase


Length of primary raceme (cm) 55-60 45-50 45-50

Spike characters

Shape Conical Conical, long Conical

Arrangement of capsules Semi- compact Semi- compact Semi- Compact

Capsule characters



Size Bold Medium Bold Bold

Capsule Length (mm) 18-20 18 18-20

Spine Length (mm) 8.4 5.9 7.9

Dehiscence Non- dehiscent Non-dehiscent Non- dehiscent

Seed characters


Shape Oval Oval Elongated

Hybrid Female Male

Seed characters DCH 519 M 574 DCS 78

Colour Brown Brown Brown




Days to 50 % flowering of primary raceme Mean

Range

61

53-92

50

50-55

54

50-60


Plant height (cm) 100-120 40-50 80-90


Range

14

11-18

10

12-16

13

11-18

100 seed weight (g) mean

Range

25.7

23.3-28.6 24-26 25-28

Oil content (%) Mean

Range

49

46.1-50.9 46-49 47-50

DCH 519

GCH -7 (SHB-758)




• Developed by: AICRP (CASTOR) centre, Castor and Mustard Research

Station, Sardar Krushi Nagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, S.K.

Nagar, Gujarat

• Pedigree/ type of material: SKP-84/SKI-215, hybrid


Gujarat



• Mean seed yield (kg/ha): 3000

• Source of seed: Resistant to Fusarium wilt, leaf hoppers

• Special Features: Gujarat State Seed Corporation, Gandhinagar

Morphological descriptionVegetative Phase Hybrid

Plant characters GCH 7

Hypocotyl anthocyanin colouration Absent

Stem colour Light red/ mahogany

Bloom Triple

Type of internodes on stem Elongated

Branching pattern Divergent

Location of branches Basal

Plant height Medium to tall

Plant type Normal

Leaf characters


emerging leaves

Absent

Anthocyanin colouration of lamina Absent

Shape Slightly cup shaped

Vegetative Phase Hybrid

Plant characters GCH-7

Lasination on 4th leaf from top Shallow

Hairiness Absent

Number of lobes >10

Petiole surface Smooth

Reproductive phase

Colour of fully developed stigma Red

Type of flowers on primary spike Interspersed

Spike characters

Shape Conical

Arrangement of capsules Semi- compact

Capsule characters

Colour Green

Spininess Semi- spiny

Size Bold

Seed characters

Size Medium bold

Shape Oval

Hybrid

Seed characters DCH 519

Colour Light

Chocolate

Mottling High

Caruncle Small


Days to 50 % flowering of primary

raceme

60

Days to maturity (first picking) 110-120

Plant height (cm) up to base of

primary (cm)

80-90

Number of nodes to primary raceme 18-22

100 seed weight (g) 28-29

Oil content (%) Mean

Range

48-49

GCH -7 (SHB-758)

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Plantae

(unranked): Angiosperms

(unranked): Eudicots

(unranked): Asterids

Order: Asterales

Family: Asteraceae

Tribe: Cynareae

Genus: Carthamus

Species: C. tinctorius

Binomial name

Carthamus tinctorius

(Mohler, Roth, Schmidt & Boudreaux, 1967)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classification

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiosperms

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudicots

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterids

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterales

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteraceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynareae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthamus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature

Safflower oil is flavorless and colorless, and nutritionally similar

to sunflower oil. It is used mainly in cosmetics and as acooking oil,

in salad dressing, and for the production of margarine. It may also be

taken as a nutritional supplement. INCI nomenclature is Carthamus

tinctorius.

Safflower flowers are occasionally used in cooking as a cheaper substitute

for saffron, and are thus sometimes referred to as "bastard saffron."

Safflower seed is also used quite commonly as an alternative to sunflower seed

in birdfeeders, as squirrels do not like the taste of it.

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like

annual, usually with many long sharp spines on the leaves. Plants are 30 to

150 cm tall with globular flower heads (capitula) and commonly, brilliant yellow,

orange or red flowers.

NARI-NH-1 (PH6)Year of release 2001Released at central or state level CentralDeveloped by AICRP Safflower centre,

Nimbkar Agricultural Institute, Phaltan, Maharashtra

Recommended region/area All IndiaNature of plant Non-spinyBranching habit -Plant height (cm) 103.2Days to 50% flowering 85Days to maturity 127Capitulum size -Seed size -100 seed weight (g) 3.81Hull content (%) 47.51Seed oil content (%) 30Special attributes Non-spiny, moderately

tolerant to Alternaria and aphid

Potential yield (kg/ha) 1936Average yield (kg/ha) 1500

MRSA-521Year of release 2006

Released at central or state level

Central

Developed by MAHYCO, Jalna

Recommended region/area

All India

Nature of plant SpinyBranching habit -Plant height (cm) 95-100Days to 50% flowering 70-80Days to maturity 120-130Capitulum size -Seed size -100 seed weight (g) 3.4-5.3Hull content (%) -Seed oil content (%) 27Special attributes Resistant to wiltPotential yield (kg/ha) 1000-1500 (rainfed)

2200-2500(irrigated)Average yield (kg/ha) -

MKH- 11Year of release 1997

Released at central or state level

Central

Developed by MAHYCO, Jalna

Recommended region/area

All India

Nature of plant SpinyBranching habit -Plant height (cm) -Days to 50% flowering 84-86Days to maturity 120-125Capitulum size -Seed size -100 seed weight (g) 5Hull content (%) 44.43Seed oil content (%) 28Special attributes High yield, moderately

tolerant to wilt, Alternariaand aphid

Potential yield (kg/ha) 3500 (irrigated)Average yield (kg/ha) 2200 (irrigated)

NARI-H-15Year of release 2005Released at central or state level CentralDeveloped by AICRP Safflower centre, Nimbkar

Agricultural Research Institute, Phaltan, Maharashtra

Recommended region/area Assured irrigated areas in IndiaNature of plant SpinyBranching habit -Plant height (cm) 98.9Days to 50% flowering 89Days to maturity 125-135Capitulum size -Seed size -100 seed weight (g) 59.2Hull content (%) 44.93Seed oil content (%) 28Special attributes Moderately tolerant to aphidPotential yield (kg/ha) 2300Average yield (kg/ha) -

NARI-H-15

99

Causes of Heterosis and

Path of Productivity

stable diagnostic characters of parental lines and their hybrids of cotton, castor and safflower

Food

hybrid cotton

hybrid seed

hirsutum hybrids

hybrid rahh

hybrids of cotton

hirsutum n

cultivated cottons

hirsutum varieties