standard speciﬁcation for steel castings, carbon, for general … · 2018. 9. 5. · grade 70-40...

Designation: A 27/A 27M – 03

Standard Specification forSteel Castings, Carbon, for General Application 1

This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 27/A 27M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope *

1.1 This specification covers carbon steel castings for gen-eral applications that require up to 70 ksi [485 MPa] minimumtensile strength.

NOTE 1—The grades covered by this specification represent materialsthat are suitable for assembly with other steel castings or wrought steelparts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that all these gradespossess the same degree of weldability or that the same weldingtechniques can be used on all castings. It is the responsibility of thepurchaser to establish for himself a suitable welding technique.

1.2 Several grades and two classes of steel castings arecovered, as indicated below. The grade and class desired shallbe specified by the purchaser.

1.2.1 Grade N-1—Chemical analysis only.1.2.2 Grade N-2—Heat-treated but not mechanically tested.1.2.3 Grade U-60-30[415-205]—Mechanically tested but

not heat-treated.1.2.4 Grades 60-30 [415-205], 65-35 [450-240], 70-36

[485-250], and 70-40[485-275]—Heat-treated and mechani-cally tested.

1.2.5 Class 1 and Class 2 steel castings shall be specified inaccordance with 9.2.

1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation. Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered toSpecification A 27 and SI units for material ordered to Speci-fication A 27M.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:

A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel Products2

A 732/A 732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, andCobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures3

A 781/A 781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use3

3. General Conditions for Delivery

3.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A 781/A 781M, includingany supplementary requirements that are indicated in thepurchase order. Failure to comply with the general require-ments of Specification A 781/A 781M constitutes nonconfor-mance with this specification. In case of conflict between therequirements of this specification and Specification A 781/A 781M, this specification shall prevail.

4. Ordering Information

4.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following information in proper sequence.

4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Specification, grade (1.2), and class (9.2),4.1.3 Description of the casting by pattern number or

drawing,4.1.4 Options in the specification, and4.1.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including stan-

dards of acceptance.

5. Heat Treatment

5.1 All castings of Grades N-2, 60-30 [415-205], 65-35[450-240], 70-36 [485-250], and 70-40 [485-275] shall beheat-treated by full annealing, normalizing, normalizing andtempering, or quenching and tempering. Unless otherwisespecified in the inquiry, contract, or order, the castings may beheat-treated by any one or combination of these heat-treatments at the option of the manufacturer.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,

Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.

Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published April 2003. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as A 27/A 27M – 95 (2000).

2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.

1

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

5.1.1 Heat-treatment shall be performed after castings havebeen allowed to cool from the pouring temperature to belowthe transformation range.

5.2 Furnace temperatures for heat-treating shall be regulatedby the use of pyrometers.

6. Chemical Composition

6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1. Product analysistolerances shall conform to the Product Analysis Tolerancesshown in Specification A 781/A 781M. When residual elementchemical content is of interest to the purchaser, S54 may beconsidered.

7. Tensile Properties

7.1 Except for Grades N-1 and N-2, one tension test shall beperformed on each heat and the mechanical properties thusdetermined shall conform to the requirements specified inTable 2. The tension test shall be performed in accordance withTest Methods and Definitions A 370.

7.2 Test bars shall be poured in special blocks similar tothose shown in Fig. 1 of Specification A 781/A 781M and fromthe same heat as the casting represented.

7.3 Test coupons may be cut from the heat-treated (ifrequired) castings or cast integrally with the castings at theproducer’s option.

7.4 The test bars for heat-treated castings shall be heat-treated in production furnaces to the same procedure as thecastings they represent. When specified by the purchaser, thetest bars shall be heat-treated with the castings.

7.5 Test specimens shall be machined to the form anddimensions shown in Figs. 4 and 5 of Test Methods andDefinitions A 370.

7.6 If any specimen is machined improperly or if flaws arerevealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may bediscarded and another substituted from the same heat.

7.7 When this specification is applied to investment cast-ings, test coupons and tension test specimens shall be obtainedand prepared as directed in S3.2 of Specification A 732/A 732M. Test coupons shall be heat treated as prescribed in7.4.

8. Retests

8.1 If the results of the mechanical tests for any heat, lot, orcasting do not conform to the requirements specified, retestsare permitted as outlined in Test Methods and DefinitionsA 370. At the manufacturer’s option, castings may be reheat-treated and retested. When castings are reheat-treated, theymay not be reaustenitized more than 3 times without theapproval of the purchaser. Testing after reheat treatment shallconsist of the full number of specimens taken from locationscomplying with the specification or order.

9. Rework and Retreatment

9.1 All welds shall be inspected to the same quality stan-dards as were used to inspect the casting.

9.2 If postweld heat-treatment is required, Class 1 must bespecified along with the grade, and the welds to be heat-treatedmust be defined. If postweld heat-treatment is not required,Class 2 must be specified along with the grade.

10. Keywords

10.1 castings; general application; steel

TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements

Grade (UNS No.)A Composition, %

Carbon,B max Manganese,B max Silicon, max Sulfur, max Phosphorus, max

Grade N-1 (J02500) 0.25 0.75 0.80 0.06 0.05Grade N-2 (J03500) 0.35 0.60 0.80 0.06 0.05Grade U-60-30 [415-205] (J02500) 0.25 0.75 0.80 0.06 0.05Grade 60-30 [415-205] (J03000) 0.30 0.60 0.80 0.06 0.05Grade 65-35 [450-240] (J03001) 0.30 0.70 0.80 0.06 0.05Grade 70-36 [485-250] (J03501) 0.35 0.70 0.80 0.06 0.05Grade 70-40 [485-275] (J02501) 0.25 1.20 0.80 0.06 0.05

A Specify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to grade designation (see 9.2).B For each reduction of 0.01 % carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04 % manganese above the maximum specified will be permitted to a maximum

of 1.40 % for Grade 70-40 [485-275] and 1.00 % for the other grades.

TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements

GradeA Tensile Strength, min,ksi [MPa]

Yield Point, min, ksi[MPa]

Elongation in 2 in.[50 mm], min, %B

Reduction of Area,min, %

Grade U-60-30 [415-205] 60 [415] 30 [205] 22 30Grade 60-30 [415-205] 60 [415] 30 [205] 24 35Grade 65-35 [450-240] 65 [450] 35 [240] 24 35Grade 70-36 [485-250] 70 [485] 36 [250] 22 30Grade 70-40 [485-275]C 70 [485] 40 [275] 22 30

A Specify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to grade designation (see 9.2).B When ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as provided for in this specification, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4 to 1.C Grade 70-40 [485-275] may be used to meet the requirement of Grade 70-36 [485-250], when agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

A 27/A 27M – 03

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SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

A list of standardized supplementary requirements for use at the option of the purchaser is describedin Specification A 781/A 781M. Those which are considered suitable for use with this specification arelisted below by title only. Additional supplementary requirements suitable for use with thisspecification at the option of the purchaser are described below. One or more of the supplementaryrequirements indicated below may be included in the purchaser’s order or contract. When so included,a supplementary requirement shall have the same force as if it were in the body of the specification.Supplementary requirements details not fully described shall be agreed upon between the purchaserand the supplier, but shall not negate any of the requirements in the body of the specification.

S1. Magnetic Particle Examination

S2. Radiographic Examination

S3. Liquid Penetrant Examination

S4. Ultrasonic Examination

S6. Certification

S8. Marking

S9. Charpy Impact Test

S10. Hardness Test

S12. Test Report

S13. Unspecified Elements

S14. Tension Test from Castings

S51. Permissible Variations in Dimensional Tolerancesfor Castings Made from Mounted Patterns

S51.1 Tolerances for commercial steel castings (S51.1.1)made from mounted patterns and the surfaces that are not to bemachined shall be in accordance with Table 3. Metal matchplate patterns and precise molding methods can produce closertolerances than the values shown in Table 3. Complex castingdesigns may require different permissible variations than thoselisted in Table 3.

S51.1.1 The term “commercial castings” does not covercastings requiring special fixtures for gaging, or finishing

castings by grinding to special tolerance gages beyond thenormal requirements as listed in Table 3.

S52. Gate and Riser Projections for Castings Made fromMounted Patterns

S52.1 Castings shall have gates and risers removed in sucha manner that no riser or gate stub projects or a depression ismade beyond or below the casting design contour in an amountthat would exceed the values given in Table 4.

S53. Weight Deviation for Castings Made from MountedPatterns

S53.1 The allowable deviations from the average castingweight are shown in Table 5.

S54. Chemical Analysis for Residual Elements

S54.1 The manufacturer shall determine the percentage ofelements specified as follows, using procedures specified in

TABLE 3 Normally Expected Deviation of Linear CastingDimensions from Design Dimensions

Blueprint Dimension, in. [mm] Tolerances, in. [mm]

Up to 3 [75], incl +4⁄32 [3] −3⁄32 [2]Over 3 to 7 [75 to 175], incl +5⁄32 [4] −4⁄32 [3]Over 7 to 20 [175 to 500], incl +6⁄32 [5] −5⁄32 [4]Over 20 to 100 [500 to 2500], incl +8⁄32 [6] −6⁄32 [5]

TABLE 4 Gate and Riser Projection Tolerances

Riser or Gate Maximum Di-mension, in. [mm]

MaximumProjection,

in. [mm]

MaximumDepression,

in. [mm]

Up to 4 [100], incl 1⁄8 [3] 1⁄8 [3]Over 4 to 8 [100 to 200], incl 1⁄4 [6] 1⁄8 [3]Over 8 to 20 [200 to 500], incl 3⁄8 [10] 1⁄8 [3]Over 20 to 30 [500 to 750], incl 1⁄2 [13] 1⁄4 [6]Over 30 [750] 3⁄4 [19] 1⁄4 [6]

A 27/A 27M – 03

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Specification A 781/A 781M. The chemical analysis thus de-termined shall conform to the following requirements:

Copper, max, % 0.50Nickel, max, % 0.50Molybdenum, max, % 0.25Chromium, max, % 0.50

S54.2 Total content of these residual elements, maximumpercent 1.00.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A 27/A 27M – 95 (2000)) that may impact the use of this standard.

(1) Added the UNS Numbers to the grades in Table 1.

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or [email protected] (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).

TABLE 5 Allowable Deviation A from Average Casting Weight

Casting Weight, lb [kg] PositiveDeviation, %

NegativeDeviation, %

Up to 100 [45], incl 8.0 8.0Over 100 to 500 [45 to 230], incl 6.5 5.0Over 500 to 10 000 [230 to 4540], incl 5.0 3.0Over 10 000 [4540] 3.0 2.5

A Deviations do not apply to mass as calculated from a design drawing.

A 27/A 27M – 03

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Standard Specification forFerritic Malleable Iron Castings 1



1. Scope

1.1 This specification2 covers ferritic malleable castings forgeneral engineering usage at temperatures from normal ambi-ent to approximately 400°C (750°F).

1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated be-tween the properties of the iron in various locations of the samecasting and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron(see Appendix X1).

1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shallbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.


2.1 ASTM Standards:A 153 Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and

Steel Hardware3

A 247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure ofGraphite in Iron Castings4

A 644 Terminology Relating to Iron Castings4

E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials5

E 10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-als5

E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and RockwellSuperficial Hardness of Metallic Materials5

E 140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals5

2.2 Military Standard:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage6

2.3 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Domestic Shipment (Civilian

Agencies)6

3. Terminology

3.1 Definitions—Definitions for many terms common toiron are found in Terminology A 644.

4. Classification

4.1 Castings ordered and produced under this specificationare classified under the following grades based on tests onseparately cast test bars. Separately cast test bars shall bepoured from the same lot of iron as the castings they representand shall be heat treated with those castings except as providedin 7.2.3.

4.1.1 Grade 32510 [Grade 22010]:4.1.1.1 The first three digits of the grade designation indi-

cate the minimum yield strength (3100 psi [MPa]) and the lasttwo digits indicate the minimum elongation (% in 2 in. [50mm]).


5.1 The purchase order for castings ordered under thisspecification shall state the specification designation, the yearin which the specification was issued, and the grade ofmalleable iron to be supplied. Any option or special additionsto the basic requirements of this specification shall be clearlyand fully stipulated.

6. Chemical Composition

6.1 The chemical composition of the iron shall be such as toproduce the structural and mechanical properties required bythis specification.

7. Mechanical Properties

7.1 Factors influencing the properties of castings and theirrelationship to those of test specimens and separate testcastings are discussed in Appendix X1.

7.2 Tension Test Specimens:7.2.1 The tension test specimens shall be cast to the form

and dimensions shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, in the same kind ofmolding material used for the production castings. At least

1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-4 on IronCastings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable IronCastings.

Current edition approved July 10, 1999. Published September 1999. Originallypublished as A 47 – 84. Last previous edition A 47 – 90 (1995).

2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-47 in Section II of that code.

3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06.4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.5 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.6 Available from Standardization Documents, Order Desk, Building 4, Section D,

700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111–5094, Attn: NPODS.

1

Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

three such specimens shall be cast from a representative ladleof iron either from each batch-melted heat or, in continuousmelting, from each 4-h pour period during which the purchas-er’s castings were poured, or as otherwise agreed uponbetween manufacturer and purchaser.

7.2.2 All test specimens shall be suitably identified with thedesignation of either the batch-melted heat or the pour periodof a continuous heat.

7.2.3 All test specimens shall be heat treated in the sameproduction furnaces and in the same cycles as the castings theyrepresent. However, in those instances wherein the criticalsections of the production castings differ appreciably from thatof the central portion of the test specimens, the time cycle fortempering the test specimens may be altered from that of theproduction lot in order to obtain similar microstructures orhardness, or both, in both specimen and castings. In such casesthe hardness of the specimens shall be tested and reportedalong with the tensile test results.

7.2.4 The tension test is usually performed on unmachinedspecimens. However, for referee work, the specimen may bemachined from the standard cast bar to the dimensions shownin Fig. 3.

7.3 Tension Test Method:7.3.1 The gage length of the standard tension specimen shall

be 2.006 0.01 in. [50.06 0.3 mm].7.3.2 The diameter used to compute the cross-sectional area

shall be the average between the largest and smallest diametersin that section of the 2-in. [50-mm] gage length having thesmallest diameter and shall be measured to the nearest 0.001 in.[0.2 mm]. No cast bar having a mean diameter less than 0.590in. [15.0 mm] shall be accepted for test.

7.3.3 After reaching a stress equivalent to approximatelyhalf of the anticipated yield stress, the speed of the movinghead of the testing machine shall not exceed 0.50 in./min [12.5

mm/min] through the breaking load.7.3.4 While the values for yield point and yield strength are

not identical, they are sufficiently close for most applications offerritic malleable irons to be used interchangeably. They maybe determined by any of the approved techniques described inthe paragraphs on Determination of Yield Strength and YieldPoint of Test Methods E 8. If determined as yield strength, thatstress producing an extension under load of 0.01 in. [0.25 mm]over the 2-in. [50-mm] gage length (for example, 0.5 %extension) or an offset of 0.2 % shall be taken as the yieldstress, which shall be converted to yield strength by dividingby the original cross-sectional area of the gage length found inaccordance with 7.3.2. It shall be reported to the nearest 100psi [MPa]. In referee work, yield strength shall be determinedas the stress that produces an extension under load of 0.5 % ofthe gage length.

7.3.5 The tensile strength shall be the maximum loadcarried by the specimen during the test divided by the originalcross-sectional area of the gage length, as found in accordancewith 7.3.2. It shall be reported to the nearest 100 psi [MPa].

7.3.6 The elongation is the increase in gage length afterfracture of a tensile specimen, measured to the nearest 0.01 in.[0.25 mm], expressed as a percentage of the original gagelength. It shall be reported to the nearest 0.5 %.

7.4 Retesting:7.4.1 If, after testing, a specimen shows evidence of a

defect, another tension test may be made on a companionspecimen. Also, a retest shall be permitted whenever fractureoccurs outside the central 50 % of the gage length.

7.4.2 If the results of a valid test fail to conform to therequirements of this specification, two retests shall be made. Ifeither retest fails to meet the specification, the castings repre-sented by these test specimens shall be rejected. A valid test is

FIG. 1 Tension Test Specimen

NOTE 1—Modifications may be made in the dimensions indicatedabove for those details of the specimen outside of the gage length asrequired by testing procedure and equipment.

FIG. 2 Alternative Unmachined Tension Test Specimen

NOTE 1—The gage length and fillets shall be as shown, but the endsmay be of any shape to fit the holders of the testing machine in such a waythat the load shall be axial. The reduced section shall have a gradual taperfrom the ends toward the center, with the ends 0.003 to 0.005 in. [0.08 to0.13 mm] larger in diameter than the center.

FIG. 3 Machined Tension Test Specimen

A 47/A 47M

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one wherein the test specimen has been properly prepared andappears to be sound and on which the approved test procedurehas been followed.

7.4.3 If sufficient companion test bars are unavailable, themanufacturer shall have the option of testing a specimen cutfrom a representative casting. Therefore, as stated in X1.3, themechanical properties of such tension test specimen removedfrom a production casting will not necessarily correspond tothose of a standard separately cast test specimen, the values inTable 1 do not apply. Instead, the mechanical properties of thetest specimen from the casting must equal or exceed theaverage of those from similar test specimens removed from thesame location from two castings of the same design whereseparately cast test bars meet the requirements of Table 1.

7.4.4 If the first test results indicate that a reheat treatmentis needed to meet the test requirements, the entire lot ofcastings and the representative test specimens shall be reheattreated together. Testing shall then be repeated in accordancewith 7.4.1-7.4.3.

7.4.5 The results of all tests, including retests, shall beposted in permanent record, which shall state any abnormali-ties observed during the test and in the fractured ends. Suchrecords shall be kept for at least 1 year after shipment of theproduction castings and shall be available for examination bythe purchaser or by his authorized representative.

7.4.6 If not covered in the purchase agreement, the fre-quency of tension testing shall be in accordance with 7.2.1 andsufficiently often to ensure uniformity of product and compli-ance with minimum test requirements.

7.4.7 Tension test results, obtained in accordance with theabove subsections, must conform to the values of Table 1 foracceptance under this specification except as provided in 7.4.3.

7.4.8 When agreed upon between manufacturer and pur-chaser, tested specimens or unbroken test bars shall be pre-served by the manufacturer for a period of three months afterthe date of the test report.

7.5 Hardness Test—If the purchase agreement requireshardness testing, the acceptable hardness range shall be statedand a test location clearly shown on the covering drawing(s).

7.5.1 Hardness Test Method—The Brinell method of hard-ness testing in accordance with Test Method E 10 shall beemployed whenever possible.

7.5.2 For castings of such size or shape that do not permitBrinell testing with the standard 3000-kgf load, the 500 kgfmay be employed, the hardness number being reported as HB10/500/15. In very unusual cases where it is impossible to usethe Brinell method, the Rockwell test may be substituted, usingTest Methods E 18 with an appropriate Rockwell scale. Con-versions of hardness values from one method to anotheraccording to Standard E 140, which does not specifically cover

cast irons, are approximate only and, therefore, are generallyinadvisable.

7.5.3 Sufficient material shall be removed from the castsurface to ensure that the measured surface is representative.

7.5.4 Sampling procedures and the frequency of hardnesstesting shall be fully detailed on the purchase agreement.Otherwise, hardness tests shall be performed at the discretionof the producer.

7.5.5 Castings failing to conform to the required hardnessrange may be reheat treated and retested. If after reheat treatingthey still fail the hardness requirements, they shall be rejected.

7.5.6 Typical hardness maximums for this grade of mal-leable iron are listed in Table 2.

8. Microstructure Requirements

8.1 The microstructure of the malleable iron shall consist oftemper carbon nodules distributed through a ferritic matrix andshall be free of excessive pearlite, massive carbides, andprimary graphite.

8.2 When agreed upon by the purchaser and producer, themaximum decarburization at any as-cast surface after heattreatment may be stipulated in writing, as measured by visualdepletion of combined carbon after polishing, etching in nital,and viewing at 1003.

8.3 In reference work, the metallographic practice recom-mended in Test Method A 247 shall be followed.

9. Soundness Requirements

9.1 All castings, on visual examination, shall be sound andfree of obvious shrinkage and porosity.

9.2 If the purchaser requires soundness tests to be per-formed, it shall be so stated in the purchase agreement, and themethod and soundness requirements shall be detailed.

10. Dimensional Requirements

10.1 The castings shall conform to the dimensions given ondrawings furnished by the purchaser, or to the dimensionsestablished by the pattern equipment supplied by the purchaser,or as agreed upon in specific cases to gages supplied by thepurchaser. Variations in any solid dimensions will be permitted,as shown in Table 3, unless otherwise agreed upon by thefoundry and purchaser.

11. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance

11.1 The surface of the casting shall be inspected visually,particularly in critical areas, for such surface defects as cracks,hot tears, adhering sand and scale, cold shuts, and gas holes.

11.2 No repairing, plugging, or welding of any kind shall bepermitted unless written permission is granted by the pur-chaser.

11.3 Castings that have been repaired by welding shall bereannealed so that their microstructure will comply withSection 8.

TABLE 1 Tension Test Requirements

Inch-Pound GradesEnglishGrade

Tensile Strength,min, psi

Yield Strength,min, psi

Elongation in2 in, min, %

32510 50 000 32 500 10Metric Grades

MetricGrade

Tensile Strength,min, MPa

Yield Strengthmin, MPa

Elongation in50 mm, min, %

22010 340 220 10

TABLE 2 Typical Hardness

Inch-Pound Grade[Metric Grade]

Hardness, maximumHB

Indentation ValueDiameters, mm

325 10 [22010] 156 4.8

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12. Responsibility for Inspection

12.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer shall be responsible for carrying out allthe tests and inspections required by this specification, usinghis own or other reliable facilities, and he shall maintaincomplete records of all such tests and inspections. Such recordsshall be available for review by the purchaser.

12.2 The purchaser reserves the right to perform any inspec-tion set forth in the specification where such inspections aredeemed necessary to ensure that supplies and services conformto the prescribed requirements.

13. Rejection and Rehearing

13.1 Any casting or lot of castings failing to comply withthe requirements of this specification may, where possible, bereprocessed, retested, and reinspected. If the tests and inspec-tions on the reprocessed casting(s) show compliance with thisspecification, the castings shall be acceptable; if they do not,they shall be rejected.

13.2 If the purchaser should find that a casting or lot ofcastings fails to comply with this specification subsequent toreceipt at his facility, he shall so notify the manufacturerpromptly and in no case later than six weeks after receipt of the

shipment, stating clearly his basis for rejection. In case ofdissatisfaction with the purchaser’s claim, the manufacturermay apply for a hearing before final rejection of the shipment.

14. Certification

14.1 When specified by the purchaser’s order or contract, amanufacturer’s certification or compliance statement that thecasting or lot of castings was made, sampled, tested, andinspected in accordance with this specification, including areport of test results signed by an authorized agent of themanufacturer, shall be furnished at the time of shipment, andsuch certification or compliance statement shall be the basis foracceptance of the casting or lot of castings.

15. Product Marking

15.1 When the size of the casting permits, each casting shallbear the identifying mark of the manufacturer and the part orpattern number at a location shown on the covering drawingand, if not shown on the drawing, at such a location at thediscretion of the producer that the identification will notinterfere with subsequent processing and service of the casting.

16. Packaging and Package Marking

16.1 Unless otherwise stated in the contract or order, thecleaning, preservation, and packing of castings for shipmentshall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s commercialpractice. Packaging and marking shall also be adequate toidentify the contents and to ensure acceptance and safe deliveryby the carrier for the mode of transportation employed.

16.2 U.S. Government Procurement—When specified in thecontract or purchase order, marking for shipment shall be inaccordance with the requirements of Fed. Std. No. 123 andMIL-STD-129.

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

S1. Special Conditions

S1.1 If agreed upon in writing by the foundry and purchaser,the malleable iron castings may be required to meet specialconditions, hardness or other property dimensions, surfacequality, or a combination of conditions.

S2. Test Lugs

S2.1 If requested in writing or if included on the pattern(s)or pattern drawing(s), test lugs may be cast on all castings ofsufficient size to permit their incorporation. The size of suchlugs shall be proportional to the thickness of the casting. Oncastings over 24 in. [600 mm] in length, a test lug shall be castnear each end such as not to interfere with any subsequentprocessing of the castings. The purchase order shall stipulatewhether the foundry’s inspector or the purchaser’s inspectorshall break, inspect, and pass judgment on the fracture qualityof these test lugs.

S3. Destructive Tests

S3.1 At the option of the purchaser or his representative, acasting of each design ordered may be tested to destruction, or

otherwise broken up, to determine the presence of any manu-facturing condition that might be detrimental to the service-ability of the casting.

S4. Special Tension Specimens

S4.1 If tension specimens are to be machined from castings,their location in the casting, the specimen dimensions, and therequired properties shall be agreed upon in writing by thefoundry and purchaser.

S5. Zinc-Coated Castings

S5.1 When specified in the contract or purchase order,castings shall be zinc-coated by the hot-dip process in accor-dance with Specification A 153. Castings shall be of a compo-sition that will preclude the possibility of galvanizing em-brittlement, or shall be either cooled from the anneal orsubsequently heat treated so as to be immunized against suchembrittlement. If regalvanizing is required, procedures forregalvanizing castings and determining the effect on the castingperformance must be agreed upon between the purchaser andthe seller.

TABLE 3 Permissible Variation in Any Solid Dimension

Size, in. [mm] Tolerance, 6 in. [mm]

Up to 1 [up to 25] 0.03 [0.8]1 to 6 [25 to 150] 0.06 [1.6]

6 to 12 [151 to 300] 0.12 [3.2]12 to 18 [301 to 460] 0.15 [3.8]18 to 24 [461 to 600] 0.19 [4.8]24 to 36 [601 to 900] 0.22 [5.6]

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S6. Marking of Casting for Government Procurement

S6.1 When castings are specified for government procure-ment, the location of the permanent markings specified in 15.1,

as well as any special marking for mechanical or physicalproperties (either permanent or temporary), shall be as indi-cated on the government drawings or sketches.

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CASTINGS

X1.1 The mechanical properties of malleable iron castingsare influenced by a number of factors, including the coolingrate during solidification, chemical composition, the heattreatment, the design of the casting, section thickness, and thelocation and effectiveness of gates, risers, and chills.

X1.2 Because of the complexity of these factors in influ-encing the properties of the final product, no precise quantita-tive relationship can be stated between the properties of theiron in various locations of the same casting or between theproperties of a casting and those of a test specimen cast fromthe same iron. When such a relationship is important and mustbe known for a specific application, it may be determined byappropriate experimentation.

X1.3 The specimen specified in 7.2.1 as the standard tensiletest bar for malleable iron has a5⁄8-in. [16-mm] diameter testsection that reasonably represents a typical section of thegeneral run of malleable iron castings. Furthermore, the initialfreezing of malleable irons as homogeneous white iron, to-

gether with the heat treatment that is inherent in the manufac-ture of malleable iron, tends to reduce the section-sensitivityeffect. Therefore, where experimentation into precise proper-ties within a given casting would be infeasible, this standardtest bar, made like any typical casting, should provide apractical approximation of the properties that can be expectedin average sound malleable iron casting.

X1.4 If malleable iron castings are welded, the microstruc-ture of the iron is markedly affected, particularly in theheat-affected zone. Therefore, since this may adversely affectthe properties of the casting, the welding of malleable ironcastings should be done under strict metallurgical control,followed by appropriate post-weld heat treatment, to minimizethe substantial reductions in ductility, impact resistance, andmachinability that could result, particularly in the vicinity ofthe weldment. Nevertheless, it is generally considered inadvis-able to join castings to similar castings or to other materials, byfusion welding out in the field, or in manufactured assemblies,without fully testing the entire completed part.

The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connectionwith any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any suchpatent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make yourviews known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. Individualreprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585(phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or [email protected] (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (http://www.astm.org).

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Standard Specification forGray Iron Castings 1


This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. This specification replaces Federal SpecificationQQ-I-652.

1. Scope

1.1 This specification covers gray iron castings intended forgeneral engineering use where tensile strength is a majorconsideration. Castings are classified on the basis of the tensilestrength of the iron in separately cast test bars.

1.1.1 This specification subordinates chemical compositionto tensile strength.

1.2 Castings produced to this specification are graded on thebasis of minimum tensile strength obtained in special testcoupons designed to standardize cooling rate. The tensilestrength developed in certain casting sections may vary fromtest coupon values (see X1.2).

1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shallbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.


2.1 ASTM Standards:A 644 Terminology Relating to Iron CastingsE 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials2.2 Military Standard:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage2

2.3 Federal Standard:Federal Standard No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil

Agencies)2

3. Terminology

3.1 Definitions:

3.1.1 Definitions for many terms common to gray ironcastings are found in Terminology A 644.

4. Classification

4.1 Castings ordered and produced in accordance with thisspecification are classified into a number of grades based on theproperties of separately cast test bars (Table 1, Table 2). Eachclass is designated by a number followed by a letter. Thenumber indicates the minimum tensile strength of the sepa-rately cast test bar, and the letter indicates the size of the testbar. Examples of proper designations are as follows:

Gray Iron Castings, ASTM Specification A 48, Class 30B.Gray Iron Castings, ASTM Specification A 48, Class 40C.


5.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include thefollowing information:

5.1.1 ASTM designation number and year of issue,5.1.2 Class of iron required (see 4.1, Table 1, and Table 2),5.1.3 The size of the separately cast test bar (letter

classification—A, B, C, or S) that best represents the thicknessof the controlling section of the casting (see Table 3),

5.1.4 The tension test specimen (B or C) to be machinedfrom test bar C (see 13.3, Table 4, and Fig. 1),

5.1.5 The tension test specimen to be machined from testbar S (see 13.4, Table 4, and Fig. 1),

5.1.6 Lot size (see Section 10),5.1.7 Special requirements (see Section 6),5.1.8 Saving tested specimens or unbroken test bars (see

15.1), and5.1.9 Special preparation for delivery (see Section 19).

6. Special Requirements

6.1 When agreed upon in writing between the manufacturerand the purchaser, it may be necessary for the castings to meetspecial requirements as to hardness, chemical composition,microstructure, pressure tightness, radiographic soundness,dimensions, surface finish, and so forth.

1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on IronCastings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.01 on Gray IronCastings.

Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published January 2004. Originallyapproved in 1905. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as A 48 – 00.

2 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.

1


7. Tensile Requirements

7.1 Test bars representing castings conforming to this speci-fication shall meet the requirements for tensile strength asdescribed in Table 1 and Table 2.

8. Dimensional Requirements

8.1 The castings shall conform to the dimensions or draw-ings furnished by the purchaser, or, if there are no drawings, tothe dimensions predicted by the pattern equipment supplied bythe purchaser.

9. Workmanship and Finish

9.1 The surface of the casting shall be free of adhering sand,scale, cracks, and hot tears, as determined by visual examina-tion.

9.2 No repairing by plugging or welding of any kind shallbe permitted unless written permission is granted by thepurchaser.

10. Sampling

10.1 A lot shall consist of one of the following:10.1.1 All the metal poured from a single heating in a batch

type melting furnace.10.1.2 All the metal from two or more batch type melting

furnaces poured into a single ladle or a single casting.10.1.3 All the metal poured from a continuous melting

furnace for a given period of time between changes in charge,processing conditions, or aim-for chemistry or 4 h, whicheveris the shorter period.

TABLE 1 Requirements for Tensile Strength of Gray Cast Ironsin Separately Cast Test Bars (Inch-Pound)

ClassTensile Strength,

min, ksiNominal Test Bar

Diameter, in.

No. 20 A 20 0.8No. 20 B 1.2No. 20 C 2.0No. 20 S Bars SA









AAll dimensions of test bar S shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturerand the purchaser.

TABLE 2 Requirements for Tensile Strength of Gray Cast Ironsin Separately Cast Test Bars (Metric)

ClassTensile Strength,

min, ksi [MPa]Nominal Test BarDiameter, in. [mm]

No. 150A 150 20 to 22No. 150B 30No. 150C 50No. 150S Bars SA











AAll dimensions of test bar S shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturerand the purchaser.

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10.1.3.1 The purchaser may agree to extend the 4-h timeperiod to 8 h if the manufacturer can demonstrate sufficientprocess control to warrant such an extension.

11. Cast Test Bars

11.1 Test bars shall be separate castings poured from thesame lot as the castings they represent and shall have dimen-sions as shown in Table 4. Allowance may be made forreasonable pattern draft within the tolerances shown in Table 4.Test bars A, B, and C are all standard test bars in the form ofsimple cylinders. Test bar S is special and is intended for usewhere the standard bars are not satisfactory.

11.2 The test bars shall be cast in dried, baked, or chemi-cally bonded molds made mainly of an aggregate of siliceoussand with appropriate binders. The average grain size of thesand shall approximate that of the sand in which the castingsare poured. Molds for the test bars shall be approximately atroom temperature when poured. More than one test bar may becast in a single mold, but each bar in the mold shall besurrounded by a thickness of sand which is not less than thediameter of the bar. A suitable design for a mold is shown inFig. 2.

NOTE 1—The intent of these provisions is as follows: to prohibit thecasting of test bars in molds of metal, graphite, zircon, light-weightaggregates, or other materials which would significantly affect the tensilestrength of the iron; to prohibit control of tensile strength of the test barsby manipulation of the grain size of the sand; and to prohibit the castingof test bars in molds preheated substantially above room temperature.

11.3 Test bars that are intended to represent castings that arecooled in the mold to less than 900°F [480°C], beforeshakeout, shall be cooled in their molds to a temperature lessthan 900°F [480°C]. They then may be cooled in still air toroom temperature.

11.4 Test bars that are intended to represent castings that arehotter than 900°F [480°C], when shaken out of their molds,shall be cooled as described in 11.3 or (by agreement betweenthe manufacturer and the purchaser) may be shaken out of theirmolds at approximately the same temperature as the castingsthey represent.

11.5 When castings are stress-relieved, annealed, or other-wise heat-treated, test bars shall receive the same thermaltreatment and shall be treated adjacent to the castings theyrepresent.

12. Number of Tests and Retests

12.1 The tension test shall be conducted in accordance withTest Method E 8.

12.2 One tension test shall be performed on each lot andshall conform to the tensile requirements specified.

12.3 If the results of a valid test fail to conform to therequirements of this specification, two retests shall be made. Ifeither retest fails to meet the specification requirements, thecastings represented by these test specimens shall be rejected.A valid test is one wherein the specimen has been properlyprepared and appears to be sound and on which the approvedtest procedure has been followed.

12.4 If sufficient separately cast test pieces are not available,the manufacturer shall have the option of removing a testspecimen from a location of representative casting, as agreedupon between the manufacturer and purchaser.

12.5 If the first test results indicate that a heat treatment isneeded to meet the test requirements, the entire lot of castingsand the representative test specimens shall be heat treatedtogether. Testing shall proceed in accordance with 12.1-12.3.

12.6 If, after testing, a test specimen shows evidence of adefect, the results of the test may be invalidated and anothermade on a specimen from the same lot.

13. Tension Test Specimens

13.1 For test Bar A, the tension-test specimen A, as shownin Fig. 1, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the testbar.

13.2 For test Bar B, the tension test specimen B, as shownin Fig. 1, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the testbar.

13.3 For test Bar C, tension test specimens B or C, as shownin Fig. 1, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the testbar. Unless the size of the tension test specimen to be machinedfrom test bar C is specified in writing by the purchaser, thedecision whether to use tension test specimen B or C shall bemade by the manufacturer of the castings.

13.4 For test bar S, the nature and dimensions of the tensiontest specimen shall be determined by agreement between themanufacturer and purchaser.

14. Tension Test

14.1 Tension test specimens shall fit the holders of thetesting machine in such a way that the load shall be axial.

14.2 The elapsed time from the beginning of loading in thetension test to the instant of fracture shall be not less than 15s for test specimen A and not less than 20 s for specimens B andC.

15. Inspection

15.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer shall be responsible for carrying out allthe tests and inspections required by this specification, usinghis own or other reliable facilities, and he shall maintaincomplete records of all such tests and inspections. Such recordsshall be available for review by the purchaser.

15.1.1 When agreed upon between the manufacturer andpurchaser, tested specimens or unbroken test bars from thesame lot shall be saved for a period of three months after thedate of the test report.

15.2 The purchaser reserves the right to perform any of theinspections set forth in the specification where such inspections

TABLE 3 Separately Cast Test Bars for Use When a SpecificCorrelation Has Not Been Established Between the Test Bar and

the Casting

Thickness of the Wall of the ControllingSection of the Casting, in. [mm]

Test Bar

Under 0.25 [under 5] S0.25 to 0.50 [5 to 14] A0.51 to 1.00 [15 to 25] B1.01 to 2 [26 to 50] COver 2 [over 50] S

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are deemed necessary to ensure that supplies and servicesconform to the prescribed requirements.

16. Rejection and Resubmission

16.1 Any castings or lot of castings failing to comply withthe requirements of this specification may, where possible, bereprocessed, retested, and reinspected. If the tests and inspec-tions on the reprocessed casting(s) show compliance with thisspecification, the castings shall be acceptable; if they do not,they shall be rejected.

16.2 If the purchaser should find that a casting or lot ofcastings fails to comply with this specification subsequent toreceipt at his facility, he shall so notify the manufacturerpromptly and in no case later than six weeks after receipt of theshipment, stating clearly the basis for rejection.

17. Certification

17.1 When specified by the purchaser’s order or contract, amanufacturer’s certification or compliance statement that the

casting or lot of castings was made, sampled, tested, andinspected in accordance with this specification, including areport of test results shall be furnished at the time of shipment,and such certification or compliance statement shall be thebasis for acceptance of the casting or lot of castings.

17.2 A signature is not required on the certification or testreport. However, the document shall clearly identify theorganization submitting the certification and the authorizedagent of the manufacturer who certified the test results.Notwithstanding the absence of a signature, the organizationsubmitting the certification is responsible for its content.

18. Product Marking

18.1 When the size of the casting permits, each casting shallbear the identifying mark of the manufacturer and the part orpattern number at a location shown on the covering drawing or,if not shown on the drawing, at a location at the discretion ofthe producer.

TABLE 4 Diameters and Lengths of Cast Test Bars

Test Bar

As-Cast Diameter, in. [mm] Length, in. [mm]

Nominal(Mid-Length)

Minimum (Bottom) Maximum (Top)Minimum(Specified)

Maximum(Recommended)

A 0.88 [22.4] 0.85 [21.6] 0.96 [24.4] 5.0 [125] 6.0 [150]B 1.20 [30.5] 1.14 [29.0] 1.32 [33.5] 6.0 [150] 9.0 [230]C 2.00 [50.8] 1.90 [48.3] 2.10 [53.3] 7.0 [175] 10.0 [255]SA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AAll dimensions of test bar S shall be as agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser.

Dimensions, in. [mm]Tension TestSpecimen A

Tension TestSpecimen B

Tension TestSpecimen C

G—Length of parallel, min 0.50 [13] 0.75 [19] 1.25 [32]D—Diameter 0.500 6 0.010 0.750 6 0.015 1.25 6 0.025

[13 6 0.25] [20 6 0.4] [30 6 0.6]R—Radius of fillet, min 1 [25] 1 [25] 2 [50]A—Length of reduced section, min 11⁄4 [32] 11⁄2 [38] 21⁄4 [57]L—Over-all length, min 33⁄4 [95] 4 [100] 63⁄8 [160]C—Diameter of end section, approx 7⁄8 [20] 11⁄4 [20] 17⁄8 [47]E—Length of shoulder, min 1⁄4 [6] 1⁄4 [6] 5⁄16 [8]F—Diameter of shoulder 5⁄8 6 1⁄64 15⁄16 6 1⁄64 17⁄16 6 1⁄64

[16 6 0.4] [24 6 0.4] [36 6 0.4]B—Length of end section A A A

AOptional to fit holders on testing machine. If threaded, root diameter shall not be less than dimension F.FIG. 1 Tension-Test Specimens

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19. Preparation for Delivery

19.1 Unless otherwise stated in the contract or order, thecleaning, preservation and packing of castings for shipmentshall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s commercialpractice. Packaging and marking shall also be adequate toidentify the contents and to ensure acceptance and safe deliveryby the carrier for the mode of transportation employed.

19.2 U.S. Government Procurement—When specified in thecontract or purchase order, marking for shipment shall be inaccordance with the requirements of Fed. Std. No. 123 for civilagencies and MIL-STD-129 for military activities.

20. Keywords

20.1 gray iron castings

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CASTINGS

X1.1 The mechanical properties of iron castings are influ-enced by the cooling rate during and after solidification, bychemical composition (particularly carbon equivalent), by thedesign of the casting, by the design and nature of the mold, bythe location and effectiveness of gates and risers, and by certainother factors.

X1.2 The cooling rate in the mold and, hence, the proper-ties developed in any particular section are influenced by thepresence of cores; chills and chaplets; changes in sectionthickness; and the existence of bosses, projections, and inter-sections, such as junctions of ribs and bosses. Because of thecomplexity of the interactions of these factors, no precisequantitative relationship can be stated between the propertiesof the iron in various locations of the same casting or betweenthe properties of a casting and those of a test specimen castfrom the same iron. When such a relationship is important andmust be known for a specification application, it may bedetermined by appropriate experimentation.

X1.3 Gray iron castings in Classes 20, 25, 30 and 35 arecharacterized by excellent machinability, high damping capac-ity, low modulus of elasticity, and comparative ease of manu-facture.

X1.3.1 Castings in Classes 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 are usuallymore difficult to machine, have lower damping capacity and ahigher modulus of elasticity, and are more difficult to manu-facture.

X1.4 When reliable information is unavailable on therelationship between properties in a casting and those in aseparately cast test specimen, and where experimentationwould be unfeasible, the size of the test casting should be soselected as to approximate the thickness of the main orcontrolling section of the casting.

X1.5 If iron castings are welded (see 9.2), the microstruc-ture of the iron is usually altered, particularly in the vicinity ofthe weldment. Therefore, the properties of the casting may beadversely affected by welding. Where practical, appropriate

Required Features: Optional Features:

1. Material—Aggregate of dry siliceous sand. 1. Number of test bars in a single mold—Two suggested.2. Position—Bars vertical. 2. Design of pouring cup.3. L—See Table 4. 3. P—2 in. [50 mm], suggested.4. D—See Table 4. 4. N—5⁄16 in. [8 mm] in diameter, suggested.5. W—Not less than diameter D. f5. M = 1.5 N, suggested.

FIG. 2 Suitable Design and Dimensions for Mold for Separately Cast Cylindrical Test Bars for Gray Iron

A 48/A 48M – 03

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post weld heat treatment may reduce this effect of welding.

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or [email protected] (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).

A 48/A 48M – 03

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Designation: A 74 – 04 Endorsed by theCast Iron Soil Pipe InstituteAmerican Association State

Highway and Transportation Officials StandardAASHTO No.: M 263-77

Standard Specification forCast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings 1

This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 74; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.


1. Scope

1.1 This specification covers cast iron soil pipe and fittingsfor use in gravity flow plumbing, drain, waste and vent sanitaryand storm water applications. It establishes standards coveringmaterial, manufacture, mechanical and chemical properties,coating, test methods, inspection, certification, product mark-ings, dimensions, and dimensional tolerances for extra heavyand service cast iron soil pipe and fittings. These pipe andfittings are not intended for pressure applications as theselection of the proper size for sanitary drain, waste, vent, andstorm drain systems allows free air space for gravity drainage.

1.2 This specification covers pipe and fittings of the follow-ing patterns and, when so designated, shall apply to any otherpatterns that conform with the applicable requirements givenherein.

1.2.1 Pipe:

TablesExtra heavy, 21⁄2 ft (0.75 m), 31⁄2 ft ((1.0 m), 5 ft(1.5 m), 10 ft (3.0 m) lengths

1, 2

Service, 21⁄2 ft (0.75 m), 31⁄2 ft (1.0 m), 5 ft (1.5m), 10 ft (3.0 m)

1, 2

Outside dimensions (for detailing) X1.1

1.2.2 Fittings:

Tables1⁄4 bends; long 1⁄4 bends 3, 41⁄4 bends, long low-hub 51⁄4 bends, low heel; high heel 6, 71⁄4 bends, short sweep; long sweep 81⁄4 bends, reducing long sweep 91⁄5 bends 101⁄6 bends 101⁄8 bends; long 1⁄8 bends 111⁄16 bends 11Y branches 12, 13Y branches, cleanout on main 14Y branches, cleanout on branch 15Y branches, inverted 16Y branches, combination 1⁄8 bends, single 17Y branches, combination 1⁄8 bends, double 17

TablesY branches, combination 1⁄8 bends, cleanout 18Y branches, upright 19Sanitary T branches, single 20Sanitary T branches, double 20Sanitary T branches, cleanout 21Tapped sanitary T branches, single 22Tapped sanitary T branches, double 22T branches, single and double 23Tapped T branches, single 24Tapped T branches, double 24Horizontal twin tapped T 25T branches, cleanout 26Vent branches, single 27Offsets, 1⁄8 bend 28Double hubs 29Long double hubs 29Reducers 30Increasers 31, 32S traps 33P traps 34, 35Deep seal P traps 36Running traps 37Screw plugs (brass) 38Blind plugs 39Iron-body ferrules 40Side inlets Fig. 3Closet bends 41Tapping bosses 42Hubbed Cleanout Cap 43

1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only. Metric conversions in Table 1 and Table 2 areto two decimal places; all other metric conversions are roundedto the nearest whole number.


2.1 ASTM Standards:2

A 48 Specification for Gray Iron CastingsA 644 Terminology Relating to Iron CastingsE 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE 23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of

Metallic Materials

1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on IronCastings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.12 on Pipes andTubes.

Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2004. Published February 2004. Originallyapproved in 1917. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as A 74 – 03b.

2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. ForAnnual Book of ASTMStandardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.

1


2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)3

2.3 Military Standard:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage3

2.4 ANSI/ASME Standard:B2.1.1 Pipe Threads4

3. Terminology

3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2 Manufacturer, n—the entity that casts the pipe and

fittings covered by this standard.

4. Materials and Manufacture

4.1 The pipe and fittings shall be iron castings suitable forinstallation and service for sanitary, storm drain, waste, andvent piping applications. The pipe and fittings shall meet allapplicable requirements and tests given herein.

4.2 The castings shall be made of cast iron, produced by anestablished commercial method that provides adequate controlover chemical and physical properties. Cast iron is a genericterm for a series of alloys as defined in Terminology A 644 andincludes gray iron as well as ductile iron. The castings shall besound, true to pattern, and of compact close grain that permitsdrilling and cutting by ordinary methods. The interior surfaceshall be reasonably smooth and free from defects which wouldmake the castings unfit for the use for which they are intended.

5. Mechanical Properties

5.1 Mechanical Tests for Gray Iron—When requested, teststo determine mechanical properties of the gray iron used in themanufacture of gray iron soil pipe and fittings. Either trans-verse (flexure) test bars, or tension test specimens shall beemployed.

5.1.1 Transverse Bend Test—The breaking load shall not beless than 1750 lb (7800 N) and the deflection at the point ofapplication of the load shall be not less than 0.20 in. (5.1 mm).

5.1.2 Tensile Strength Test—The tensile strength shall benot less than 21 000 psi (145 MPa).

6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations

6.1 Pipe:6.1.1 Single-hub pipe shall have a hub at one end and a

spigot at the other. Double hub pipe shall have a hub at eachend. Hubs shall have lead grooves. The inner end of hub shallbe either with or without a centering recess, all combinations ofwhich shall make a satisfactory leakproof joint. Hub and barrelshall be cast in one piece (see Fig. 1).

6.1.2 Single-hub pipe shall be of 21⁄2-ft (0.75-m), 31⁄2-ft(1.00-m), 5-ft (1.5-m), and 10-ft (3.0-m) nominal layinglengths. The laying length shall be as shown in Table 1 andshall be within the tolerances on laying length specified inTable 2. Double-hub pipe shall be of the same overall length assingle-hub pipe of the same size. Its laying length shall be 5 ft

minus the two telescoping lengths (dimensionY), or 10 ftminus the telescoping length (dimensionY). Other dimensionsshall be as specified in Table 1 as applicable, and be within thetolerances specified in Table 2. The dimensions shall apply topipe before any coating is applied.

6.1.3 Pipe shall be straight to the extent that any deflectionsin the barrel of a 21⁄2-ft, 31⁄2-ft, and 5-ft length of pipe shall notexceed1⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) for sizes 4 in. (102 mm) and larger, andshall not exceed5⁄16 in. (7.9 mm) for smaller sizes: for 10-ftlengths, deflections in the barrel shall not exceed1⁄2 in. (12.7mm) for sizes 4 in. and larger, nor exceed5⁄8 in. (15.9 mm) forsmaller sizes.

6.2 Fittings:6.2.1 Dimensions of Fittings—All fittings shall conform to

the dimensions specified for hub and spigot ends in Table 1 andTable 2, as applicable. Fittings of the patterns specified hereinshall conform to the applicable dimensions in Tables 3-35inclusive, and to the tolerances in Table 2. Other patterns (Note1) shall conform to Table 1, as applicable, for hub and spigotdimensions, and for wall thickness throughout, and to dimen-sionR8, Tables 16-18, for the minimum radius of any drainageinlets that such fittings may provide. All fittings shall havespigot ends of sufficient length to provide adequate room formaking joints. All dimensions given herein shall apply tofittings before any coating is applied.

NOTE 1—Such as, for example, fittings known in the trade as “spe-cials,” when designated as being in conformity with this specification.

6.2.2 Water Seal and Traps—Traps shall have water seals asfollows:

Trap Size, in. (mm)Minimum

Water seal, in. (mm)2 (50) 2 (50)3 to 6 (80 to 150), incl 21⁄2 (64)8 to 12 (200 to 300), incl 3 (80)

6.2.3 Ends of Fittings—Hubs shall have lead grooves. Theinner end of hub shall be permitted to be either with or withouta centering recess, all combinations of which shall enable theinstaller to make a satisfactory joint. Tapped openings shallconform to 6.2.4. It is permissible to increase the wallthickness on the inside surface of fittings having one or moreplain ends. The increased thickness shall not reduce theminimumB dimension in Table 1 in excess of 0.10 in. and shallnot extend more than 41⁄4 in. from the plain end. The increasedthickness shall be tapered and offer no obstruction to flow.Inside diameters complying with service or extra heavy insidediameters shall be permitted on 12 and 15 in.sizes only.

6.2.4 Pipe Threads—Screw plugs and tapped openings infittings shall have American Standard taper pipe threads. Thethreads shall be in accordance with the American NationalStandard for Pipe Threads, B2.1of the current issue.

6.2.5 Internal threads shall be chamfered of the entering endapproximately to the major diameter of the thread, at an angleof approximately 45° with the axis of the thread, and theentering end of external threads shall be similarly chamferedapproximately to be minor diameter of the thread, for easyentrance in making a joint and for protection of the thread. Thechamfer shall be concentric with the thread and shall beincluded in measurements of thread length.

3 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.

4 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.

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7. Methods of Specifying Fittings

7.1 Method of Specifying Sizes of Fittings of More than OneSize—The sizes are designated by the order of listing, asfollows:

7.1.1 Branch and tapped fittings:7.1.1.1 Size of run (Note 2), and7.1.1.2 Size of branch.7.1.2 Reducers, increasers, and offset fittings:7.1.2.1 Size of inlet or run (Note 2),7.1.2.2 Size of outlet or offset distance,7.1.2.3 Length, if supplied in more than one length.

NOTE 2—The run is that portion of the fitting which forms part of themain drain, waste or vent line. The spigot end is ordinarily the outlet.

7.2 Method of Specifying Hand of Fittings with Side Inletsand Outlets—When placed in the position described below, ifthe side inlet or outlet appears on the right, it is a right-handfitting; if on the left, it is a left-hand fitting.

7.2.1 Bends and Offsets—Place the fitting with hub facingtoward the observer and the spigot end lower than the hub.

7.2.2 Branch Fittings—Place the branch toward the ob-server and the spigot end lower than the hub.

7.2.3 Traps—Place in the position in which the trap isinstalled, with the hub toward the observer.

7.2.4 The fittings shown in Fig. 2 have right-hand inlet orcleanout. Left-hand fittings have these openings on the sideopposite to that shown. For details of side inlets, see Fig. 3.

8. Coating

8.1 The pipe and fittings shall be uniformly coated with amaterial suitable for the purpose, that is adherent, not brittle,and without a tendency to scale. The coating shall not containasbestos above current MSDS reportable levels. Materialsafety data sheets shall be furnished by the coating manufac-turer when requested. The coating shall be evenly andsmoothly applied to all surfaces except threaded openings.

9. Sampling

9.1 Chemical and mechanical tests shall be made regularlyand at sufficiently close intervals for adequate determinations

FIG. 2 Fittings with Right-Hand Inlet or Cleanout

FIG. 1 Single-Hub and Double-Hub Cast Iron Soil Pipe Laying Lengths

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of the significant chemical constituents and properties of thecast iron. Records of chemical analysis shall be maintained bythe manufacturer. Copies of these analyses shall be furnished tothe purchaser when requested.

9.2 A lot shall consist of one of the following:9.2.1 All the metal poured from a single heating a batch type

furnace,9.2.2 All the metal from two or more batch type melting

furnaces poured into a single ladle or a single casting.9.2.3 All the metal poured from a continuous melting

furnace for a given period of time between changes in charge,processing conditions, aim-for chemistry, or 4 hours, which-ever is the shorter period.

9.2.3.1 The purchaser shall be permitted to agree to extendthe 4 hours time period to 8 hours if the manufacturer is ableto demonstrate sufficient process control to warrant such anextension.

10. Test Methods

10.1 Gray Iron:10.1.1 Tensile Strength Test—Test bars shall be cast in

accordance with the requirements of Specification A 48. SeeFig. 4 (Tension Test Specimens) for the test bar dimensions anddrawing. The tensile strength shall be determined in accor-dance with Test Methods E 8.

10.1.2 Tension test reports shall include breaking load oftest bars, machined diameter of test bar, and calculated tensilestrength.

11. Inspection

11.1 Inspection and Test by the Manufacturer—Pipe andfittings shall be inspected by the manufacturer to verifycompliance with this standard. The manufacturer shall main-tain a record of all inspections for a period of 7 years.

12. Certification

12.1 Certification by Manufacturer—Upon request the pur-chaser shall be furnished certification by the manufacturer,stating samples representing each lot have been tested andinspected as indicated in this specification and the requirementshave been met. If requested by the purchaser, certification shallbe accompanied by test reports as prepared in accordance withthe Test Methods section of this standard (see 10) . Certifica-tion shall include the legal name and address of the manufac-turer.

13. Product Marking

13.1 Each length of pipe and each fitting shall be plainlymarked with the country of origin, the manufacturer’s name orregistered trademark by which the manufacturer can be readilyidentified after installation, and with letters to indicate theproper classification, as follows:

XHSV

Extra HeavyService

The marking shall be cast, stenciled, or otherwise applied onthe pipe so as to be clear and legible after installation. Themarking shall be cast in raised letters on fittings and shall beclear and legible after installation and located away from thespigot end so as not to interfere with proper joining uponinstallation.

13.2 Each pipe shall be marked with the date of manufac-ture. The marking shall be stenciled on the pipe or otherwiseapplied to be clear and legible.

14. Packaging and Package Marking

14.1 Government Procurement—Unless otherwise specifiedin the contract, the material shall be packaged in accordancewith the supplier’s standard practice which will be acceptableto the carrier at lowest rates. Containers and packing shall

NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.NOTE 2—Dimensions and location of 2-in. side inlet for single or double sanitaryT branches andY branches are shown above. Single and double

sanitaryT branches and single and doubleY branches with 2-in. side inlets are standard in the following sizes only: 4 by 3 by 2-in; 4 by 4 by 2-in.; 5by 4 by 2-in; 6 by 4 by 2-in.

FIG. 3 Dimensions and Locations for 2-in. Side Inlets

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comply with Uniform Freight Classification Rules5 or NationalMotor Freight Classification Rules.6 Marking for shipment of

such material shall be in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 forcivil agencies and MIL-STD-129 for military agencies.

15. Keywords

15.1 cast iron; hub and spigot pipe; pipe; soil pipe5 Available from The Uniform Classification Commission, Room 1106, 222 S.

Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL 60606.6 Available from National Motor Freight Inc., 1616 P. St., N.W., Washington, DC

20036.

Dimensions, in. [mm]Tension TestSpecimen B

G—Length of parallel, min 0.75 [19]D—Diameter 0.750 6 0.015 [19.0 6 0.38]R—Radius of fillet, min 1 [25]A—Length of reduced section, min 11⁄2 [38]L—Over-all length, min 4 [100]C—Diameter of end section, approx 11⁄4 [32]E—Length of shoulder, min 1⁄4 [6]F—Diameter of shoulder 15⁄16 6 1⁄64 [25 6 0.4]B—Length of end section A

A Optional to fit holders on testing machine. If threaded, root diameter shall not be less than dimension F.FIG. 4 Tension-Test Specimens

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TABLE 1 Dimensions of Hubs, Spigots, and Barrels for Extra-Heavy and Service Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings, in.

NOTE—1 in. = 25.4 mm; 1 ft = 0.3 m throughout tables.

Extra-Heavy Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings:

SizeA Availability

InsideDiameterof HubB

OutsideDiameterof BarrelB

TelescopingLengthB

InsideDiameterof BarrelB

Thicknessof BarrelB

A J Y BT

Nom Min

2* 3.06 [77.72] 2.38 [60.45] 2.50 [63.5] 2.00 [50.8] 0.19 [4.83] 0.16 [4.06]3* 4.19 [106.43] 3.50 [88.9] 2.75 [69.85] 3.00 [76.2] 0.25 [6.35] 0.22 [5.59]4* 5.19 [131.83] 4.50 [114.3] 3.00 [76.2] 4.00 [101.6] 0.25 [6.35] 0.22 [5.59]5* 6.19 [131.83] 5.50 [139.7] 3.00 [76.2] 5.00 [127] 0.25 [6.35] 0.22 [5.59]6* 7.19 [182.63] 6.50 [165.1] 3.00 [76.2] 6.00 [152.4] 0.25 [6.35] 0.22 [5.59]8* 9.50 [241.30] 8.62 [218.5] 3.50 [88.9] 8.00 [203.2] 0.31 [7.87] 0.25 [6.35]10* 11.62 [295.15] 10.75 [273.05] 3.50 [88.9] 10.00 [254] 0.37 [9.40] 0.31 [7.87]12* 13.75 [349.25] 12.75 [323.85] 4.25 [107.95] 12.00 [304.8] 0.37 [9.40] 0.31 [7.87]15* 16.95 [430.53] 15.88 [403.35] 4.25 [107.95] 15.00 [381] 0.44 [11.18] 0.38 [9.65]

SizeA

Thickness of Hub Width of HubBeadB,C

Distance from LeadGroove to End, Pipe

and FittingsBDepth of Lead Groove

Hub Body Over Bead

S (min) R (min) F P G (min) G (max)

2 0.18 [4.57] 0.37 [9.40] 0.75 [19.05] 0.22 [5.59] 0.10 [2.54] 0.19 [4.83]3 0.25 [6.35] 0.43 [10.92] 0.81 [20.57] 0.22 [5.59] 0.10 [2.54] 0.19 [4.83]4 0.25 [6.35] 0.43 [10.92] 0.88 [22.35] 0.22 [5.59] 0.10 [2.54] 0.19 [4.83]5 0.25 [6.35] 0.43 [10.92] 0.88 [22.35] 0.22 [5.59] 0.10 [2.54] 0.19 [4.83]6 0.25 [6.35] 0.43 [10.92] 0.88 [22.35] 0.22 [5.59] 0.10 [2.54] 0.19 [4.83]8 0.34 [8.64] 0.59 [14.99] 1.19 [30.23] 0.38 [9.65] 0.15 [3.81] 0.22 [5.59]10 0.40 [10.16] 0.65 [16.51] 1.19 [30.23] 0.38 [9.65] 0.15 [3.81] 0.22 [5.59]12 0.40 [10.16] 0.65 [16.51] 1.44 [36.54] 0.47 [11.94] 0.15 [3.81] 0.22 [5.59]15 0.46 [11.68] 0.71 [18.03] 1.44 [36.54] 0.47 [11.94] 0.15 [3.81] 0.22 [5.59]

Service Cast Iron Soil Pipe:

SizeA

AvailabilityB

InsideDiameterof HubB

OutsideDiameterof BarrelD

TelescopingLengthD

InsideDiameterof BarrelD

Thicknessof BarrelD

A J Y BT

Nom Min

2O 2.94 [74.68] 2.30 [58.42] 2.50 [63.5] 1.96 [49.78] 0.17 [4.32] 0.14 [3.56]3O 3.94 [100.08] 3.30 [83.82] 2.75 [69.85] 2.96 [75.18] 0.17 [4.32] 0.14 [3.56]4O 4.94 [125.48] 4.30 [109.22] 3.00 [76.2] 3.94 [100.08] 0.18 [4.57] 0.15 [3.81]5O 5.94 [150.88] 5.30 [134.62] 3.00 [76.2] 4.94 [125.48] 0.18 [4.57] 0.15 [3.81]6O 6.94 [176.28] 6.30 [160.02] 3.00 [76.2] 5.94 [150.88] 0.18 [4.57] 0.15 [3.81]8O 9.25 [234.95] 8.38 [212.85] 3.50 [88.9] 7.94 [201.68] 0.23 [5.84] 0.17 [4.32]

10O 11.38 [289.05] 10.50 [266.70] 3.50 [88.9] 9.94 [252.48] 0.28 [6.86] 0.22 [5.59]12O 13.50 [342.9] 12.50 [317.5] 4.25 [107.95] 11.94 [303.28] 0.28 [6.86] 0.22 [5.59]15O 16.95 [430.53] 15.88 [403.35] 4.25 [107.95] 15.16 [385.06] 0.36 [9.14] 0.30 [7.62]

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SizeA

Thickness of HubWidth of Hub BeadD

Distance from LeadGroove to End, Pipe

and FittingsBDepth of Lead Groove

Hub Body Over Bead

S (min) R (min) F (min) P G (min) G (max)

2 0.13 [3.30] 0.34 [8.64] 0.75 (0.63) [19.05] (16.00) 0.22 [5.59] 0.10 [2.54] 0.19 [4.83]3 0.16 [4.06] 0.37 [9.40] 0.81 (0.63) [20.57] (16.00) 0.22 [5.59] 0.10 [2.54] 0.19 [4.83]4 0.16 [4.06] 0.37 [9.40] 0.88 (0.63) [22.35] (16.00) 0.22 [5.59] 0.10 [2.54] 0.19 [4.83]5 0.16 [4.06] 0.37 [9.40] 0.88 (0.63) [22.35] (16.00) 0.22 [5.59] 0.10 [2.54] 0.19 [4.83]6 0.18 [4.57] 0.37 [9.40] 0.88 (0.63) [22.35] (16.00) 0.22 [5.59] 0.10 [2.54] 0.19 [4.83]8 0.19 [4.83] 0.44 [11.26] 1.19 (1.06) [30.23] (26.92) 0.38 [9.65] 0.15 [3.81] 0.22 [5.59]

10 0.27 [6.86] 0.53 [13.46] 1.19 (1.06) [30.23] (26.92) 0.38 [9.65] 0.15 [3.81] 0.22 [5.59]12 0.27 [6.86] 0.53 [13.46] 1.44 (1.31) [36.58] (33.27) 0.47 [11.94] 0.15 [3.81] 0.22 [5.59]15 0.30 [7.62] 0.58 [14.73] 1.44 (1.31) [36.58] (33.27) 0.47 [11.94] 0.15 [3.81] 0.22 [5.59]

A Nominal inside diameter.* Indicates this item is made in extra heavy.B For tolerances, see Table 2.C Hub ends and spigot ends can be made with or without draft.D Hub ends and spigot ends shall be permitted to be made with or without draft.O Indicates this item is made in service weight.

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TABLE 2 Dimensional Tolerances for Extra-Heavy and Service Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings, in.

NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.NOTE 2—The tolerances set forth in Table 2 are intended for pipe and fittings designed for use with lead and oakum joints; however, these same

tolerances shall apply to pipe and fittings designed for use with a compression type gasket joint.

SizeA

InsideDiameterof Hub

OutsideDiameterof Barrel

InsideDiameterof Barrel

Tele-scopingLength

Laying Length

A’ J B YPipe,

21⁄2-, 31⁄2-, 5-ftLengths

Pipe,10-ft

Lengths

Fittings

RegularExtraLongB

2 60.06 [1.52] 60.09 [62.29] 60.09 [62.29] 60.06 [61.52] 61⁄4 [66.35] 61⁄2 [612.7] 61⁄8 [63.18] 61⁄16 [61.59]3 60.09 [2.29] 60.09 [62.29] 60.06 [61.52] 61⁄4 [66.35] 61⁄2 [612.7] 61⁄2 [612.7] 61⁄8 [63.18] 61⁄16 [61.59]

−0.06 [1.52]4 +0.09 [2.29] 60.09 [62.29] 60.09 [62.29] 60.06 [61.52] 61⁄4 [66.35] 61⁄2 [612.7] 61⁄8 [63.18] 61⁄16 [61.59]

−0.06 [1.52]5 +0.09 [2.29] 60.09 [62.29] 60.09 [62.29] 60.06 [61.52] 65⁄16 [67.94] 65⁄8 [615.88] 63⁄16 [64.76] 63⁄32 [62.38]

−0.06 [1.52]6 +0.09 [2.29] 60.09 [62.29] 60.09 [62.29] 60.06 [61.52] 65⁄16 [67.94] 65⁄8 [615.88] 63⁄16 [64.76] 63⁄32 [62.38]

−0.06 [1.52]8 60.13 [3.30] 60.13 [63.30] 60.13 [63.30] 60.13 [63.30] 65⁄16 [67.94] 65⁄8 [615.88] 63⁄16 [64.76] 63⁄32 [62.38]

10 60.13 [3.30] 60.13 [63.30] 60.13 [63.30] 60.13 [63.30] 63⁄8 [69.53] 63⁄4 [619.05] 61⁄4 [66.35] 61⁄8 [63.18]12 60.13 [3.30] 60.19 [64.83] 60.19 [64.83] 60.19 [64.83] 63⁄8 [69.53] 63⁄4 [619.05] 61⁄4 [66.35] 61⁄8 [63.18]15 60.13 [3.30] 60.19 [64.83] 60.19 [64.83] 60.19 [64.83] 63⁄8 [69.53] 63⁄4 [619.05] 61⁄4 [66.35] 61⁄8 [63.18]

SizeDistance from Lead Groove to

End, Pipe and Fittings

P

2 60.09 [61.52]3 60.09 [61.52]4 60.09 [61.52]5 60.09 [61.52]6 60.09 [61.52]8 60.09 [61.52]

10 60.09 [61.52]12 60.11 [62.79]15 60.11 [62.79]

A Nominal inside diameter.B These tolerances apply to each foot of extra-long fittings in excess of regular laying lengths specified herein.

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TABLE 3 Dimensions of One-Quarter Bends

NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.NOTE 2—DimensionsD andX are laying lengths.

Size, in.,AvailabilityA

Dimensions in in.B

A B C D R X

2*O 23⁄4 [70] 3 [76] 53⁄4 [146] 6 [152] 3 [76] 31⁄4 [83]3*O 31⁄4 [83] 31⁄2 [89] 63⁄4 [171] 7 [178] 31⁄2 [89] 4 [102]4*O 31⁄2 [89] 4 [102] 71⁄2 [191] 8 [203] 4 [102] 41⁄2 [114]5*O 31⁄2 [89] 4 [102] 8 [203] 81⁄2 [216] 41⁄2 [114] 5 [127]6*O 31⁄2 [89] 4 [102] 81⁄2 [216] 9 [229] 5 [127] 51⁄2 [140]8*O 41⁄8 [105] 51⁄2 [140] 101⁄8 [257] 111⁄2 [292] 6 [152] 65⁄8 [168]

10*O 41⁄8 [105] 51⁄2 [140] 111⁄8 [283] 121⁄2 [318] 7 [178] 75⁄8 [194]12*O 5 [127] 7 [178] 13 [330] 15 [381] 8 [203] 83⁄4 [222]15*O 5 [127] 7 [178] 141⁄2 [368] 161⁄2 [419] 91⁄2 [241] 101⁄4 [260]

A * indicates this item is made in extra heavy.O indicates this item is made in service weight.

B For details of hubs and spigots, see Table 1.

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TABLE 4 Dimensions of Long One-Quarter Bends



Dimensions in in.B

A B C D R X

2 by 12*O 23⁄4 [76] 9 [229] 53⁄4 [146] 12 [305] 3 [76] 31⁄4 [83]2 by 18*O 23⁄4 [76] 15 [381] 53⁄4 [146] 18 [457] 3 [76] 31⁄4 [83]2 by 24*O 23⁄4 [76] 21 [533] 53⁄4 [146] 24 [610] 3 [76] 31⁄4 [83]3 by 12*O 31⁄4 [83] 81⁄2 [216] 63⁄4 [171] 12 [305] 31⁄2 [89] 4 [102]3 by 18*O 31⁄4 [83] 141⁄2 [368] 63⁄4 [171] 18 [457] 31⁄2 [89] 4 [102]3 by 24*O 31⁄4 [83] 201⁄2 [521] 63⁄4 [171] 24 [610] 31⁄2 [89] 4 [102]4 by 12*O 31⁄2 [89] 8 [203] 71⁄2 [191] 12 [305] 4 [102] 41⁄2 [114]4 by 18*O 31⁄2 [89] 14 [356] 71⁄2 [191] 18 [457] 4 [102] 41⁄2 [114]4 by 24*O 31⁄2 [89] 20 [508] 71⁄2 [191] 24 [610] 4 [102] 41⁄2 [114]



TABLE 5 Dimensions of Long Low-Hub One-Quarter Bends



Dimensions in in.B

A B C D R X4 by 12O 3 [76] 91⁄4 [235] 53⁄4 [146] 12 [305] 23⁄4 [70] 23⁄4 [70]4 by 14O 3 [76] 111⁄4 [286] 53⁄4 [146] 14 [356] 23⁄4 [70] 23⁄4 [70]4 by 16O 3 [76] 131⁄4 [337] 53⁄4 [146] 16 [406] 23⁄4 [70] 23⁄4 [70]4 by 18O 3 [76] 151⁄4 [387] 53⁄4 [146] 18 [457] 23⁄4 [70] 23⁄4 [70]

A O indicates this item is made in service weight.B For details of hubs and spigots, see Table 1.

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TABLE 6 Dimensions of One-Quarter Bends with Low Heel Inlet

NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.NOTE 2—DimensionsD, X, andX8 are laying lengths


Dimensions in in.B

A B C D F R X X83 by 2O 31⁄4 [83] 31⁄2 [89] 63⁄4 [172] 7 [178] 111⁄2 [292] 31⁄2 [89] 4 [102] 9 [229]4 by 2*O 31⁄2 [89] 4 [102] 71⁄2 [191] 8 [203] 13 [330] 4 [102] 41⁄2 [114] 101⁄2 [267]



TABLE 7 Dimensions of Quarter Bends with High Heel Inlet


Dimensions in in.B

A B C D E F R X X84 by 2*O 31⁄2 [89] 4 [102] 71⁄2 [191] 8 [203] 23⁄4 [70] 13 [330] 4 [102] 41⁄2 [114] 101⁄2 [267]



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TABLE 8 Dimensions of Short and Long Sweep Bends


Short Sweep Bends:

Size, in.Dimensions in in.A

A B C D R X

2*O 23⁄4 [70] 3 [76] 73⁄4 [197] 8 [203] 5 [127] 51⁄4 [133]3*O 31⁄4 [83] 31⁄2 [89] 83⁄4 [222] 9 [229] 51⁄2 [140] 6 [152]4*O 31⁄2 [89] 4 [102] 91⁄2 [241] 10 [254] 6 [152] 61⁄2 [165]5*O 31⁄2 [89] 4 [102] 10 [254] 101⁄2 [267] 61⁄2 [165] 7 [178]6*O 31⁄2 [89] 4 [102] 101⁄2 [267] 11 [279] 7 [178] 71⁄2 [191]8*O 41⁄8 [105] 51⁄2 [140] 121⁄8 [308] 131⁄2 [343] 8 [203] 85⁄8 [219]

10*O 41⁄8 [105] 51⁄2 [140] 131⁄8 [333] 141⁄2 [368] 9 [229] 95⁄8 [244]12*O 5 [127] 7 [178] 15 [381] 17 [432] 10 [254] 103⁄4 [273]15*O 5 [127] 7 [178] 161⁄2 [419] 181⁄2 [470] 111⁄2 [292] 121⁄4 [311]

A For details of hubs and spigots, see Table 1.

Long Sweep Bends:


Dimensions in in.B

A B C D R X

2*O 23⁄4 [70] 3 [76] 103⁄4 [273] 11 [279] 8 [203] 81⁄4 [210]3*O 31⁄4 [83] 31⁄2 [89] 113⁄4 [298] 12 [305] 81⁄2 [216] 9 [229]4*O 31⁄2 [89] 4 [102] 121⁄2 [318] 13 [330] 9 [229] 91⁄2 [241]5*O 31⁄2 [89] 4 [102] 13 [330] 131⁄2 [343] 91⁄2 [241] 10 [254]6*O 31⁄2 [89] 4 [102] 131⁄2 [343] 14 [356] 10 [254] 10