CClCCl44 MgClMgCl22

Guess at the names for these two compoundsGuess at the names for these two compounds Predict whether each is ionic or molecular Predict whether each is ionic or molecular

compoundcompound Understanding the difference in bonding, Understanding the difference in bonding,

explain what the formula means for each. explain what the formula means for each. Draw pictures to help.Draw pictures to help.

Starter 12/5Starter 12/5

Ch. 7: Chemical Formulas Ch. 7: Chemical Formulas and Compoundsand Compounds

7.1 Chemical Names and Formulas 7.1 Chemical Names and Formulas

Chemical Formulas Chemical Formulas

molecular compoundmolecular compound number of atoms of each element contained in a number of atoms of each element contained in a

single molecule of the compoundsingle molecule of the compound NONO2, 2, CHCH22ClCl22, ,

Chemical FormulasChemical Formulas

ionic compoundionic compound represents one unitrepresents one unit simplest ratio of the compound’s anions and simplest ratio of the compound’s anions and

cationscations MgO, Mg(OH)MgO, Mg(OH)22, NH, NH44BrBr

Monatomic IonsMonatomic Ions

ions formed from a single atomions formed from a single atom Not all representative elements easily form Not all representative elements easily form

ionsions Some atoms form covalent bonds insteadSome atoms form covalent bonds instead

Others form ions without noble gas Others form ions without noble gas configurationsconfigurations d and p-block metalsd and p-block metals many form 2+ or 3+, some +1 or +4many form 2+ or 3+, some +1 or +4 listed on back of periodic tablelisted on back of periodic table

Monatomic IonsMonatomic Ions

type of ion can be determined by looking at type of ion can be determined by looking at the number of valence electrons in the neutral the number of valence electrons in the neutral atomatom

atom is more stable with a full shellatom is more stable with a full shell zero valencezero valence eight valenceeight valence

determine which is easier for the atom to determine which is easier for the atom to achieveachieve

Monatomic IonsMonatomic Ions

cationcation positivepositive if the atom loses if the atom loses

electronselectrons BB MgMg RbRb AlAl NaNa

anionanion negativenegative if the atom gains if the atom gains

electronselectrons NN FF SS OO BrBr

Naming Monatomic IonsNaming Monatomic Ions

cationscations positive ionpositive ion written first in formulawritten first in formula by element’s nameby element’s name add a Roman Numeral if it add a Roman Numeral if it

can form more than 1 type can form more than 1 type of ionof ion

that is called the STOCK that is called the STOCK SYSTEMSYSTEM

anionsanions negative ionnegative ion written second written second

in formulain formula by element’s by element’s

root name + -root name + -ide endingide ending

Practice: Monatomic IonsPractice: Monatomic Ions

Identify the ion created by each atom and give Identify the ion created by each atom and give the name for it:the name for it: GaGa SeSe CaCa II NN LiLi

Binary Ionic CompoundsBinary Ionic Compounds

compounds made of two different ionscompounds made of two different ions Crossing OverCrossing Over

1.1. write two ion types with correct chargeswrite two ion types with correct charges

2.2. make the anion’s charge, the cation’s subscriptmake the anion’s charge, the cation’s subscript

3.3. make the cation’s charge, the anion’s subscriptmake the cation’s charge, the anion’s subscript

4.4. simplify the ratio if possiblesimplify the ratio if possible combine the names of the two ionscombine the names of the two ions

Practice NamingPractice Naming

Al and OAl and O AlAl3+3+ OO2-2-

AlAl22OO33

aluminum oxidealuminum oxide

Mg and BrMg and Br MgMg2+2+ BrBr1-1-

MgBrMgBr22

magnesium bromidemagnesium bromide

Cu and BrCu and Br CuCu2+2+ BrBr1-1-

CuBrCuBr22

copper (II) bromidecopper (II) bromide

OROR CuCu1+1+ BrBr1-1-

CuBrCuBr copper (I) bromidecopper (I) bromide

Practice Writing Formulas Practice Writing Formulas

iron (III) sulfideiron (III) sulfide FeFe3+3+ SS2-2-

FeFe22SS33

cadmium oxidecadmium oxide CdCd2+2+ OO2-2-

CdCd22OO22

CdOCdO

potassium nitridepotassium nitride KK1+1+ NN3-3-

KK33NN

tin (IV) sulfidetin (IV) sulfide SnSn4+4+ SS2-2-

SnSn22SS44

SnSSnS22

Cmpds with Polyatomic IonsCmpds with Polyatomic Ions

the cation or anion could be a group of the cation or anion could be a group of covalently bonded atoms instead of one atomcovalently bonded atoms instead of one atom

most polyatomic ions are oxyanions:most polyatomic ions are oxyanions: polyatomic ions containing oxygenpolyatomic ions containing oxygen more than one polyatomic anion can exist for one more than one polyatomic anion can exist for one

elementelement sulfate ion: SOsulfate ion: SO44

2-2- sulfite ion: SOsulfite ion: SO332-2-

Practice NamingPractice Naming

KNOKNO33

potassium nitratepotassium nitrate from Kfrom K1+1+ and NO and NO33

1-1-

Cu(OH)Cu(OH)22

copper (II) hydroxidecopper (II) hydroxide from Cufrom Cu2+2+ and OH and OH1-1-

[NH[NH44]Br]Br ammonium bromideammonium bromide from NHfrom NH44

1+1+ and Br and Br1-1-

CaSOCaSO44

calcium sulfatecalcium sulfate from Cafrom Ca2+2+ and SO and SO44

2-2-

Practice Writing FormulasPractice Writing Formulas

sodium permanganatesodium permanganate NaNa1+1+ MnOMnO44

1-1-

Na(MnONa(MnO4)4)

iron (II) chloriteiron (II) chlorite FeFe2+2+ ClOClO22

1-1-

Fe(ClOFe(ClO22))22

ammonium acetateammonium acetate NHNH44

1+1+ CHCH33COOCOO1-1-

NHNH44CHCH33COOCOO

calcium carbonatecalcium carbonate CaCa2+2+ COCO33

2-2-

CaCOCaCO33

Starter 1/6Starter 1/6

Write the formula for Write the formula for barium nitratebarium nitrate zinc phosphatezinc phosphate

Traditional vs. StockTraditional vs. Stock

Stock SystemStock System using Roman Numerals in names of metal ions using Roman Numerals in names of metal ions

with more than one chargewith more than one charge more important and used more oftenmore important and used more often

TraditionalTraditional add –ic or –ous ending to metal name add –ic or –ous ending to metal name lower charge: -ous, higher charge: -ic lower charge: -ous, higher charge: -ic Shown on the chart below Stock System chartShown on the chart below Stock System chart

ExamplesExamples

stannous chloridestannous chloride SnClSnCl22

chromic sulfatechromic sulfate CrCr22(SO(SO44))33

plumbic nitrateplumbic nitrate Pb(NOPb(NO33))44

aurous oxideaurous oxide AuAu22OO

ferric phosphateferric phosphate FePOFePO44

cuprous chloratecuprous chlorate CuClOCuClO33

ExamplesExamples CuClCuCl22

cupric chloridecupric chloride

PtPt33(PO(PO44))22

plantinous plantinous phosphatephosphate

AuBrAuBr aurous bromideaurous bromide

PbOPbO plumbous oxideplumbous oxide

SnOSnO22

stannic oxidestannic oxide

Fe(NOFe(NO33))22

ferric nitrateferric nitrate