Starter:Fill in the blanks

Stimulus ________ ________ Relay Neuron

________ ________ Response

Stimulus – bright light in eyes

Response – raise hand to shield eyes

Stimulus Receptor Sensory Neuron Relay Neuron

Motor Neuron Effector Response

Homework

LO3. Compare and contrast neuron and hormone signals

HormonesKey Facts Chemical Messengers Made in glands, sent around the body. Send slow, long-lived signals Go everywhere in the body. Effectors can be glands whichmake a hormone!

Example: Stressful stimuli Sounds receptors(ear)

SRM neurons Effector:Gland makes hormone adrenalin.

Name a hormone we talked about in B5!?

What does it do?

Lesson 5

Which brain is the smartest?

Mammals have big brains….

But why are big brains

smarter?

B6 Brain & Mind

The Big Picture!

5. Learning & the Brain

6. Memory

7. Complex Behaviour

LO: To understand how learning happens (in the brain!)

1. Stimulus & Response

2. Reflexes3. Neurons &

Hormones

4. Synapses & Drugs

REVISION

REVISION

Objectives

Outcome To understand how learning happens.

1. Recall key functions of the cerebral cortex (language, memory, consciousness, intelligence) (Grade C)

2. Describe old and new techniques used to ‘map’ brain functions (Grade B)

3. Explain how synapses are involved in learning (Grade A)

1. Cerebral cortex

2. Adaptable

3. Synapse

4. fMRI – Imaging techniques

5. Social learning

6. Trial and error / Repetition

7. Neuron pathway

8. Sensitive period

Outcome To understand how learning happens.

Credit: Mark Lythgoe &

Chloe Hutton, Wellcom

e Images Brain Stem, Corpus Colossum, Cerebellum….Different regions

have different functions

LO1: Recall key functions of the cerebral cortex (language, memory, consciousness, intelligence) (Grade C)

• Billions of neurons and synapses.

•Bigger brain = more synapses = more possible connections

•Folds in the cortex = greater surface area

Human Brains Cerebral cortex: Consciousness

MemoryIntelligence

Language

The Cerebral CortexCredit H

eidi Cartwright, W

ellcome Im

ages

mot

or

corte

xsenso

ry co

rtex

taste

smellhearing

reading

speech

vision

speech

different regions have different functions

How do we know which parts of the brain control what?

The cerebral cortex can also be called the ‘mind’.

Consciousness

LO1: Recall key functions of the cerebral cortex (language, memory, consciousness, intelligence) (Grade C)

Credit Heidi Cartw

right, Wellcom

e Images

B0003275

mot

or co

rtex

senso

ry co

rtex

taste

smell

hearing

reading

speech

vision

speech

Study people with brain damage!

What type of people often get brain damage?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvpIRN9D4D4

1848: Phineas Gage fired large iron rod through his brain.

He survived, but his personality was changed.

Autopsy showed frontal part of his cerebral cortex was gone.

The frontal cerebral cortex controls personality.

LO2: Describe old and new techniques used to ‘map’ functions of the brain (Grade B)

B6 The Brain and Mind

The motor cortex was mapped by stimulating exposed brain during brain surgery.

Study living brains!

LO2: Describe old and new techniques used to ‘map’ functions of the brain (Grade B)

Quick Check1. What is the brain made of?

2. Which part of the brain is also called the ‘mind’?

3. What 4 functions is the cerebral cortex responsible for?

4. How did we learn what each part of the brain does?

5. Is it ethical to study patients with brain damage or during surgery?

EXT: Why is a complex brain important for survival?

Neurons and synapses!

Cerebral cortex.

Studies of patients with brain damage or living patients.

Own opinion with justification.

So that you can learn by experience and from other people (social learning).

Language, memory, intelligence, consciousness

LO1: Recall key functions of the cerebral cortex (language, memory, consciousness, intelligence) (Grade C)LO2: Describe old and new techniques used to ‘map’ functions of the brain (Grade B)

Think, Pair, Share

How can we look inside the body without cutting it open!?

X-Ray

CT (computed tomography)

Ultrasound

Echogram

MRI / fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)

Imaging the Brain

MRI showing areas used for recognising faces

MRI showing the visual cortex

fMRI: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

•Measures blood-flow changes in the brain. •Active areas ‘light up’

Objectives

Outcome To understand how learning happens.

1. Recall key functions of the cerebral cortex (language, memory, consciousness, intelligence) (Grade C)

2. Describe old and new techniques used to ‘map’ brain functions (Grade B)

3. Explain how synapses are involved in learning (Grade A)

Brainstorm!!!

How do you learn?

How will you learn to drive?

How did you learn to tie your shoelaces?

How do you learn things for an exam?

What is learning?

IntelligenceIt’s all in the brain…. And who you know

What do elephants, humans and dolphins have in common?

Social animals have big brains.

Learn most things from others.

Reflexes can be modified through experience.

Billions of neurones

New neuron pathways (connections-synapses) develop as we grow.

New experiences make new pathways.

Unused pathways are ‘pruned’.

Millions of potential pathways in big brains make us ‘adaptable’.

Human Brains

Learning

Learning

• Draw a perfect circle

• How many times can you getit right?

Label the diagram to show how social learning and repetition affects how you learn a new skill.

1. Cerebral cortex

2. Adaptable

3. Synapse

4. fMRI – Imaging techniques

5. Social learning

6. Trial and error / Repetition

7. Neuron pathway

8. Sensitive period

Outcome To understand how learning happens.

Objectives

Outcome To understand how learning happens.

1. Recall key functions of the cerebral cortex (language, memory, consciousness, intelligence) (Grade C)

2. Describe old and new techniques used to ‘map’ brain functions (Grade B)

3. Explain how synapses are involved in learning (Grade A/A*)

Lesson 6

What is déjà vu?

Why is it hard to remember dreams?

What does ‘on the tip of your tongue’ mean?

DueOnline: All B5 B6.iH + B6.jH

Homework

This Week1. Online: B6.kH2. Exam Questions

5 lessons

B6 Brain & Mind

The Big Picture!

5. Learning & the Brain

6. Memory

7. Complex Behaviour

LO: To understand how memory works(in the brain!)

1. Stimulus & Response

2. Reflexes3. Neurons &

Hormones

4. Synapses & Drugs

REVISION

REVISION Learning & the Brain

Memory

Complex Behaviour

Stimulus & Response

ReflexesNeurons & Hormones

Synapses & Drugs

REVISION

REVISION