How did the Nazis form a consensus dictatorship? B aim – to explain how the Nazis kept support and analyse whether they were successful. To understand and give evidence to support it being a consensus

dictatorship. A/A* aim – to judge whether Hitler founded a consensus dictatorship or achieved

genuine popularity, or a bit of both!

Starter – How do these pictures suggest that the

Nazis were popular?

Ext – What do we mean by a ‘consensus dictatorship’?

New divider!

• Was Hitler’s Germany an authoritarian dictatorship? – Themes – popularity, consensus, resistance,

terror, repression, structure, efficiency, polycracy, tyrant, authoritarian.

– Content – Germany 1933-1939, women, youth, church, SS, Nazi political structure.

Basic Nazi timeline! Paul von Hindenburg dies and Adolf Hitler becomes president as well as chancellor. 2nd August, 1934

The German Army enters the Rhineland. 7th March, 1936Adolf Hitler introduces a compulsory two-year period of military conscription. 24th August, 1936

Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini agree to form a military alliance. 1st November, 1936Germany and Japan sign an anti-Comintern pact. 25th November, 1936

France decides to extend the Maginot Line along the border with Germany. 27th February, 1937Guernica in Spain is bombed by the Luftwaffe. 26th April, 1937

Pro-German riots take place in the Sudetenland area of Czechoslovakia. 17th October, 1937Italy joins the Germany and Japan in the Anti-Comintern Pact. 6th November, 1937

Walther Funk replaces Hjalmar Schacht as German minister of economics. 24th November, 1937Adolf Hitler replaces Werner von Blomberg as commander of the German Army. 4th February, 1938

Adolf Hitler orders the release of imprisoned Austrian Nazis. 16th February, 1938Adolf Hitler orders the German Army into Austria. 12th March, 1938

Austria is declared part of the German Reich. 13th March, 1938Francisco Franco, ruler of Spain, signs the Anti-Comintern Pact. 7th April, 1938

Adolf Hitler orders the mobilization of the German Army. 12th August, 1938Neville Chamberlain and Adolf Hitler sign the Munich Agreement. 29th September, 1938

German Army occupies the Sudetenland. 1st October, 1938Herschel Grynzspan mortally wounds Herr von Rath, a German embassy official, in Paris. 9th November, 1938

Joseph Goebbels organizes Crystal Night ( 7,500 Jewish shops destroyed and 400 synagogues burnt down). 9th November, 1938

Adolf Hitler dismisses Hjalmar Schacht as president of the Reichsbank. 21st January, 1939The German Army invades Czechoslovakia. 15th March, 1939

Adolf Hitler demands the free city of Danzig in Poland. 21st March, 1939Joseph Stalin and Adolf Hitler sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact. 23rd August, 1939

The German Army invades Poland and annexes the free city of Danzig. 1st September, 1939Britain and France declare war on Nazi Germany. 3rd September, 1939

•Highlight 5 important points•Test each other

•Annotate this timeline with how each event may have helped their popularity

• Add to your Night of the Long Knives notes...– In June 1934 Catholic Conservatives supported

von Papen in giving a speech in Marberg. This Marberg speech praised some of Hitler’s achievements but also warned that s ‘Second Revolution’ might come. It called on the army to act and stop the SA from holding a second revolution. They wanted to replace Hindenburg which would in turn have replaced Hitler, to reduce the liklihood of this Second Revolution.

Debate • Popular • Great speaker, depression of 1929 gave him an

advantage as it helped him to excel, public started to like extremist groups, propaganda with Goebbels helped a lot, helped him to spread his messages, von Papen helped him to be Chancellor, Hitler Youth supported the regime. Charisma. Lots of people came to listen to his speeches so must have been good!

• Anti-Kaiser (German people saw him as opposite to the Kaiser as Hitler prioritised the needs of the people ahead of his own, unlike the Kaiser, and Hitler prioritised domestic issue over foreign policies). Blood and Soil prioritised domestic issues over international issues. Bachelor made him admired by women. He didn’t marginalise women – he made them an integral part of German Society. Young Germans idealised him as they had never had a strong leader in their lifetime.

• Night of the Long Knives praise shows he was popular. Support of the army showed he was popular. His defeat of the SA showed he was defeating the enemy. NOLK stopped polarisation of the Nazi party. Right liked it that he murdered the left. Conservative elite liked it that he removed the SA. Attacks on Communism reassured small business owners who were worried about the attacks on Marxism. Work and Bread campaign targeted the working class. Felt he would be proactive.

• Lots of votes

• Unpopular• Mein Kampf is very muddled and flawed. They

were forced to listen to speeches by the SA and SS.

• After NOLK people feared Hitler even more – especially Communists

• Suppressed opposition in civilian, church and military. Church disagreed with anti-Semitic propaganda. It was only a view of Hitler as bringing prosperity. 1933-1936 most industrial workers didn’t salute Hitler as not benefiting from Hitler (repression, intimidation, long hours, low wages). Against protestants – 1934 tried to abolish protestant bishops and crucifixes. Defence against enemies of the party. People afraid to stand up for themselves – it wasn’t that they actually supported him. Teachers replaced by pro-Nazi teachers. Worried about children informing – couldn’t speak freely at home. Gestapo scared people.

• SA intimidated voters – threatened and beat people. Hitler became Chancellor through Von Papen – due Von Papen’s relationship with the right wing rather than Hitler’s own popularity with the right wing.

• Democracy in Weimar Germany was popular, Opposition from Catholics, anti-Nazi leaflets, communist opposition, protestant church groups. Church very influential. White Rose Group – went to extent of anti-Nazi leaflets which would have spread word.

• Low-level resistance of jokes – shows the Nazis were unpopular. Trying to pick holes rather than just accepting it. Trying to spread the word.

Was the Nazi regime a consensus dictatorship or something else?

Youth

• Genuine Popularity • Consensus Dictatorship

Women

• Genuine Popularity • Consensus Dictatorship

Economy

• Genuine Popularity • Consensus Dictatorship

Lebensraum

• Genuine Popularity • Consensus Dictatorship

Propaganda

• Genuine Popularity • Consensus Dictatorship

Communism

• Genuine Popularity • Consensus Dictatorship

Gleichschaltung

• Genuine Popularity • Consensus Dictatorship

• Collect in sheets and photocopy for students.

• In pairs answer– How did the Nazis gain support? – Were the Nazis successful in getting this support? – What facts can you use to support that Nazi Germany was a consensus

dictatorship?

• Charis – How would you describe Hitler’s rule when considering the degree of consensus and popularity? Give facts to support your answer.

How did the Nazis form a consensus dictatorship? B aim – to explain how the Nazis kept support and analyse whether they were successful. To understand and give evidence to support it being a consensus

dictatorship. A/A* aim – to judge whether Hitler founded a consensus dictatorship or achieved

genuine popularity, or a bit of both!

Homework – Due Monday 1. Imagine you are a journalist who has travelled to Germany in 1939. Write an

article explaining how popular the Nazi regime was. Include information from today’s lesson. (Charis, Whelan, Deborah)

2. Make a mind map showing how the Nazis made themselves popular. Make sure there is explanation on it and links of the branches together. (Reginald, Kausar, Agonita)

• You must include something about....– Youth– Women– Economy– Lebensraum– Propaganda– Communism– Gleichschaltung