Starter: Pick up a Structured notes sheet and the Copyright and Fair Use Guidelines for students

In your journal answer the following questions;1. What is Photoshop?2. What are the command keys for:• Copy• Cut• Paste• Undo

3. What are the selection tools used to do in Photoshop?

Ethics in Photography Students will be able to understand and practice copyright laws, ethics and legal issues dealing with photography as identified in United States Code Title 17 Chapter 1 Section 101.

1. Define copyright.

Copyright is a federal law of the United States that protects original works of authorship. A work of authorship includes literary, written, dramatic, artistic, musical and certain other types of works.

Copyright attaches as soon as the original work is created

Copyright is an automatic right and does not require the author to file special paperwork

Copyright is an automatic right and does not require the author to file special paperwork

1. Reproduce the copyrighted work;2. Display the copyrighted work publicly;3. Prepare derivative works based on the copyrighted work; and4. Distribute copies of the copyrighted work to the public by

sale, rental or lending, and/or to display the image.

Copyrighted works

Audiovisual works any creation expressed through a series of images with associated sound or having sound incorporated that is created to be shown through projection equipment or other means of image and sound transmission.

a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute; "the program required several hundred lines of code"

Computer program

Pictorial work An image is an artifact that depicts or records visual perception, for example a two-dimensional picture, that has a similar appearance to some subject – usually a physical object or a person, thus providing a depiction of it.

Graphic work The end result of effort by a graphic artist. A drawing or other artifact.The art or practice of shaping figures or designs in the round or in relief, as by chiseling marble, modeling clay, or casting in metal.

Sculptural work

Works of visual art

Photographic work An image, especially a positive print, recorded by a camera and reproduced on a photosensitive surface.

Copies

Copyright owner

Client

Financial gain

Reproduce

Manipulate

enhancement

Distribution

Make a similar or identical version of an original work

The designer is the owner of all files and artwork created for the client

For the purpose of making money

The client is the owner of end product – a printed photograph not for reproduction

Create copies of an original

Editing techniques to photographs in order to create an illusion or deception

Editing techniques to photographs to improve or correct an original photograph

The right to distribute copies of an original work

Plagiarize

exhibit

Using someone else work as your own or taking credit for something that you did not create

an object or collection of objects on public display in an art gallery, museum, publish, or an online posting

Fair use Not to be mistaken as free use. Fair use is a legal exception to the exclusive rights an owner has for his or her copyrighted work.

Illustrations and Photographs What You Can Do The Fine Print

•Photograph•Illustration•Collections of photographs•Collections of illustrations

Single works may be used in their entirety but not more than 5 images by an artist or photographer.

From a collection, not more than 15 images or 10%, whichever is less.

Older illustrations may be in the public domain, but the collection may be copyrighted.

Text limitations

Portion limitations

Printed Material What You Can Do The Fine Print

Poem less than 250 wordsExcerpt of 250 words from a poem greater than 250 wordsArticles, stories, or essays less than 2,500 wordsExcerpt from a longer work (10% of work or 1,000 words, whichever is less--but a minimum of 500 words)One chart, picture, diagram, graph, cartoon or picture per book or per periodical issueTwo pages (max) from an illustrated work less than 2,500 words (like childrens books)

Teachers may make multiple copies for classroom use.Students may incorporate text in multimedia projects. Teachers may incorporate into multimedia for teaching courses.

One copy per student. Usage must be: At the "instance and inspiration of a single teacher" and when the time frame doesn't allow enough time for asking permission. Nine instances per class per term (newspapers can be used more often). Don't create anthologies. "Consumables" can't be copied. Copying can't be substitute for buying.Copies may be made only from legally acquired originals.Teachers may keep multimedia for two years, after that permission is required. Students may keep in portfolio for life.

Portions of a workAn entire workA work if "the existing format in which a work is stored has become obsolete"

A librarian may make up to three copies "solely for the purpose of replacement of a copy that is damaged, deteriorating, lost or stolen"

The library must first determine that after "reasonable investigation that copy...cannot be obtained at a fair price" or that the format is obsolete.

Text limitationsPortion limitations

Public domain the state of belonging or being available to the public as a whole, and therefore not subject to copyright.

1. Be accurate and comprehensive in the representation of subjects.2. Resist being manipulated by staged photo opportunities.3. Be complete and provide context when photographing or recording subjects.

Avoid stereotyping individuals and groups. Recognize and work to avoid presenting one’s own biases in the work.

4. Treat all subjects with respect and dignity. Give special consideration to vulnerable subjects and compassion to victims of crime or tragedy. Intrude on private moments of grief only when the public has an overriding and justifi able need to see.

5. While photographing subjects do not intentionally contribute to, alter, or seek to alter or influence events.

6. Editing should maintain the integrity of the photographic images’ content and context. Do not manipulate images or add or alter sound in any way that can mislead viewers or misrepresent subjects.

7. Do not pay sources or subjects or reward them materially for information or participation.

8. Do not accept gifts, favors, or compensation from those who might seek to influence coverage.

9. Do not intentionally sabotage the efforts of other journalists.

National Press Photographers Association Code of Ethics

2003: This digital composite of a British soldier in Basra, gesturing to Iraqi civilians urging them to seek cover, appeared on the front page of the Los Angeles Times shortly after the U.S. invaded Iraq. Brian Walski, a staff photographer for the Los Angeles Times and a 30-year veteran of the news business, was fired after his editors discovered that he had combined two of his photographs to “improve” the composition.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYhCn0jf46U

Image appropriateness

What kinds of pictures can you not create?

Do you have to get permission to take photos of people, place and things?

Works of art — sculptures, paintings, and even toys — are protectable by copyright.

Furthermore, buildings created on or after December 1, 1990 are protected by copyright. A copyright owner has the exclusive right to reproduce a copyrighted work, and photographing a copyrighted work is considered a way of reproducing it. Thus, you may need permission to photograph a building or an art work.

Adults – Industry standard – protect yourself, have a model release form

Minors– Have to have permission from the guardian to take a picture of a minor

Cultural sensitivityOur photos are often our most prized possessions that come back with us in our travels. Their power to transport you right back to a time and experience is profound, and they enhance our travel stories and memories for a lifetime.However, a funny thing happens to some people when they get behind the lens during their travels — the excitement of an exotic scene or a beautiful face makes us forget we’re not on the masthead at National Geographic, and courtesy gets thrown out the window in the interest of grabbing that “killer shot”.Here are some guidelines to ensure you are staying culturally sensitive while capturing some breathtaking photos.

1. The Golden Rule: ASK!2. Try striking up a conversation first.3. Study up on the local culture.4. Make special considerations for religious places and festivals.5. Take your time.6. Use that zoom.7. A camera is not a fashion statement.8. Real life trumps photos.