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Page 1: Starting a Nonprofit 2016 - Illinois Wesleyan University...! 5! References(!"Alternativesto(Forming(a(Charitable(Nonprofit"(Gene(Takagi.(The(American(Bar(Association.(Web.(2009.(!Fritz,(Joanne."8(Alternativesto(Starting(a

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Starting  a  Nonprofit  2016  

   

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Table  of  Contents    

 

NONPROFIT  101     3-­‐5  

Nonprofit  Organizations       3  Basic  Market  Research:  Know  Your  Clients  And  Competition       3  Alternatives  To  Starting  A  New  Nonprofit     4  Questions  To  Ask  Before  Launching  New  Nonprofit   4  Other  Things  To  Consider  Before  Getting  Started   4-­‐5  References     5  

GETTING  STARTED   5-­‐7  

The  Mission  Statement   5-­‐6  The  Business  Plan   6-­‐7  References     7  

INCORPORATING  THE  NONPROFIT     7-­‐9  

Articles  Of  Incorporation       7-­‐8  Bylaws   8  Next  Steps       8-­‐9  References     9  

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS   9-­‐14  

Choosing  The  First  Board   9  Board  Responsibilities  And  Tasks   9-­‐10  Individual  Board  Member  Expectations   10  Initial  Meeting  Agenda   10  Differences  Between  The  Board  And  The  Executive  Director  Board   10-­‐13  References     13-­‐14    

 

 

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Nonprofit  101      Launching  a  new  nonprofit  organization  can  be  a  daunting  task.  This  section  helps  you  understand  what  it  really  means  to  be  a  nonprofit  and  some  of  the  issues  you  should  consider  before  actually  getting  started.  Have  you  done  your  basic  market  research?  Have  you  considered  the  alternatives?  Do  you  have  the  time  and  resources,  and  even  the  personality  to  start  a  new  organization?  Read  below  for  more  information  to  help  you  answer  these  questions!      NONPROFIT  ORGANIZATIONS      A  nonprofit  organization  is  one  that  exists  for  the  public  good,  rather  than  to  benefit  individual  owners.  Any  generated  income  or  property  owned  by  a  nonprofit,  whether  profit  or  not,  is  used  to  support  the  mission  of  the  organization.      Nonprofit  organizations  can  be  unincorporated  associations,  but  in  VA  most  take  the  legal  form  of  non-­‐stock  corporations.  As  a  non-­‐stock  corporation,  the  nonprofit  is  a  separate  entity  from  its  members  so  it  can  own  its  own  property  and  bank  account  and  offer  limited  liability  for  its  members.  It  is  run  by  a  board  of  directors  and  owned  by  the  public,  not  by  its  founder  (s).    Nonprofit  organizations  may  be  eligible  for  tax-­‐exempt,  501(c)  status  with  the  IRS,  which,  if  obtained,  makes  them  exempt  from  federal  income  tax.  Donations  to  501(c)  organizations  are  also  tax-­‐deductible.  As  part  of  this  deal,  nonprofit  organizations  are  required  to  provide  services  for  the  public  good  in  accordance  with  their  mission.      You  might  consider  starting  a  nonprofit  if  you  have  identified  an  unmet  need  in  your  community  and  believe  the  nonprofit  structure  is  the  best  option  for  responding  to  the  need.  Starting  a  nonprofit  corporation  can  be  a  way  to  formalize  an  existing  charitable  activity  and  to  facilitate  tax-­‐exempt  donations.  However,  it  is  important  that  you  conduct  basic  market  research  from  the  get-­‐go  to  determine  if  there  really  is  a  need  for  your  nonprofit  (see  below).      BASIC  MARKET  RESEARCH:  KNOW  YOUR  CLIENTS  AND  COMPETITION      If  you’re  considering  starting  a  new  organization,  you  should  first  conduct  basic  market  research  on  your  potential  clients  and  their  needs.  Going  through  this  process  can  help  you  prevent  starting  up  a  new  nonprofit  only  to  discover  that  the  services  are  not  needed.  Being  able  to  demonstrate  that  the  need  or  opportunity  exists  would  validate  your  organization  to  the  community.  Basic  market  research  can  be  done  by  sharing  your  ideas  with  and  getting  input  from  leaders  in  existing  organizations  and  the  community  you  would  like  to  serve.      You  should  also  conduct  some  basic  market  research  on  what  related  nonprofits  are  currently  doing  and  if  they  are  already  addressing  the  public  need  you  would  target.  If  there  are  other  nonprofits  already  doing  similar  work,  then  you  will  just  end  up  competing  with  them  for  both  clients  and  funding.  It  is  a  good  idea  to  make  an  initial  effort  to  contact  and  possibly  collaborate  with  local  nonprofits  with  similar  missions.  If  an  organization  doesn’t  already  exist  to  provide  the  services  you  want  to  offer,  it  may  be  a  good  indication  to  start  one  or  it  may  mean  that  there  isn’t  a  need  for  the  organization.  

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Check  out  our  Member  Directory  to  get  started.      ALTERNATIVES  TO  STARTING  A  NEW  NONPROFIT      

• Join  an  already  established  nonprofit  as  a  volunteer,  board  member,  or  staff    • Work  with  an  already  active  nonprofit  compatible  with  your  ideas  and  values;  collaborate  

with  them  to  develop  a  special  project  to  meet  a  specific  public  need    • Start  a  local  chapter  of  a  national  organization  if  there  isn’t  already  one    • Form  an  informal  nonprofit:  an  informal  gathering  of  people  to  meet  a  short-­‐term  and  local  

need    • Become  a  social  entrepreneur:  running  a  for-­‐profit  business  with  social  goals  and  charitable  

causes  in  mind    • Fiscal  sponsorship:  a  fiscal  sponsor  shares  its  tax-­‐exempt  and  tax-­‐deductible  status  with  the  

sponsored  program,  the  new  program  operates  as  a  program  of  fiscal  sponsor      QUESTIONS  TO  ASK  BEFORE  LAUNCHING  NEW  NONPROFIT      

• Have  you  done  basic  market  research  to  show  that  the  need  and  opportunity  for  your  nonprofit  exists?    

• Can  you  clearly  state  your  mission?  See  next  section  for  more  information.    • Do  you  have  a  clear  idea  of  what  success  would  look  like?  Do  you  have  specific  goals  and  

outcomes  to  measure  success?    • Will  others  in  your  community  commit  time  and  resources  to  your  cause?    • Did  you  consider  any  of  the  alternatives  to  starting  a  new  nonprofit  (see  above),  and  have  

you  decided  that  this  is  really  the  best  route  for  you  to  take?    • What  are  the  most  common  startup  mistakes?    

 OTHER  THINGS  TO  CONSIDER  BEFORE  GETTING  STARTED      

• Already  over  700  nonprofits  in  the  greater  Charlottesville  area  that  address  a  comprehensive  range  of  community  needs:  health,  education,  poverty,  homelessness,  energy,  arts,  and  more    

• Nonprofits  face  increasing  competition  and  diminishing  resources    • Many  nonprofits  end  up  failing,  become  inactive,  or  have  to  operate  in  financial  distress    • No  “free  money”  for  nonprofits  –  you  will  have  to  apply  for  various  grants  and  loans,  etc,  all  

with  their  own  applications  and  eligibility  requirements.  Foundations  and  corporations  establish  how  any  money  they  donate  will  be  used.    

• A  compelling  mission  and  unbridled  enthusiasm  for  your  nonprofit  are  necessary  but  not  sufficient  attributes  for  nonprofit  sustainability    

 

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References      "Alternatives  to  Forming  a  Charitable  Nonprofit"  Gene  Takagi.  The  American  Bar  Association.  Web.  2009.      Fritz,  Joanne.  "8  Alternatives  to  Starting  a  Nonprofit  -­‐  Learn  About  Alternative  to  Starting  a  Nonprofit."  About.com:  Nonprofit  Charitable  Orgs.  Web.  2  Aug.  2010.      Fritz,  Joanne  "Common  Nonprofit  Startup  Mistakes"  About.com  nonprofit  Charitable  Orgs,  Web.      Griesmann,  Don.  "New  Year’s  Resolution  –  No  New  Nonprofits  Unless…"  Don  Griesmann's  Nonprofit  Blog.  Web.  2010.      "How  to  Start  a  Nonprofit  Organization."  Authenticity  Consulting,  LLC.  Web.  2  Aug.  2010.      Manzo,  Peter  B.,  and  Alice  Espey.  Get  Ready,  Get  Set:  What  you  need  to  know  before  starting  a  nonprofit.  Los  Angeles:  Center  for  Nonprofit  Management,  2004.  Print.      "Should  I  Start  a  Nonprofit  or  For-­‐Profit?  Some  Basic  Considerations."  Authenticity  Consulting,  LLC.  Web.  2  Aug.  2010.      "What  do  I  need  to  know  if  I  am  starting  a  nonprofit  organization?"  Boardsource.  Oct.  2012.      

Getting  Started      If  you’ve  decided  that  starting  a  new  nonprofit  organization  is  the  best  way  for  you  to  go,  a  good  place  to  get  started  is  with  formulating  your  organization’s  mission  statement  as  well  as  setting  up  a  business  plan.  Both  of  these  will  help  guide  the  governance  of  the  nonprofit,  especially  in  its  early  development  stage.      THE  MISSION  STATEMENT      The  mission  statement  provides  the  purpose  of  your  organization  and  how  you  plan  to  meet  that  mission.  In  general,  the  mission  statement  should  answer  the  following  questions:      

• Why  should  this  organization  exist?  What  is  its  purpose  and  intended  impact  on  the  community?    

• What  are  the  services  you  plan  to  provide?    • Who  is  the  target  client  group?    • Who  are  the  staff  and/or  volunteers  needed  to  deliver  the  service?    • Where  will  your  organization  be  located?  What  are  the  geographic  parameters  that  define  

your  service  area?    • How  do  you  plan  to  deliver  the  services?    

 

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Good  characteristics  of  mission  statements  include  that  they  are  focused,  solve  unmet  public  needs,  leverage  unique  skills,  anticipate  change,  and  memorable.  The  mission  statement  will  also  be  important  in  guiding  how  the  nonprofit  is  run  and  how  decisions  are  made.      THE  BUSINESS  PLAN      After  you’ve  committed  to  launching  a  new  nonprofit  and  formulated  the  mission  statement,  the  next  essential  step  is  to  create  a  sound  business  plan  that  includes:      

• Executive  summary  -­‐This  covers  the  fundamentals  of  the  nonprofit  organization  and  should  include  information  about  what  the  product/service  is,  who  the  clients  are,  and  what  you  hope  for  the  future  of  the  organization.  This  section  should  be  written  last  as  it  is  a  summary  of  everything  else  in  the  business  plan.  Keep  it  brief,  clear,  and  interesting.    

• Company  description  -­‐  The  is  an  overview  of  the  nonprofit  and  its  mission.  This  part  should  include  company  goals  and  objectives  as  well  as  the  encouraged  business  philosophy  that  will  guide  how  the  nonprofit  is  run.  Include  a  description  of  the  company’s  strengths  and  your  own  relevant  background  experience.  You  can  also  include  in  this  section  a  description  of  your  industry  and  any  foreseeable  changes  in  the  industry.    

• Products/services  description  -­‐  In  this  section,  describe  in  detail  the  products  and  services  to  be  offered.  Include  information  about  the  competitive  advantages  and  disadvantages  of  your  organization.  Also  include  any  relevant  pricing  information.    

• Marketing  plan  -­‐  The  plan  should  begin  with  a  description  of  market  research  you  have  already  conducted.  Conduct  research  to  learn  about  your  intended  industry,  community  need,  the  demographic  profile  of  your  targeted  clients,  and  any  possible  competitors  or  partner  organizations.  Summarize  basic  facts  about  your  industry  –  total  size  of  the  market,  current  demand  in  the  market,  barriers  to  entry,  etc.  Explain  how  clients  will  benefit  from  your  specific  products  or  services.  Describe  the  demographics  of  your  targeted  clients  and  be  sure  to  include  age,  gender,  location,  income  level,  social  class,  occupation,  and  education.  Describe  possible  competitors  and  in  what  specific  areas  you  will  have  to  compete  with  them.  Based  on  all  this  market  research,  define  a  marketing  strategy  that  plays  to  your  strengths  and  targets  a  relatively  untapped  part  of  the  market.  Consider  how  you  plan  to  promote  the  nonprofit  to  this  specific  portion  of  the  market.    

• Operational  plan  -­‐  This  section  should  outline  the  daily  operation  plans  of  the  nonprofit.  Include  information  about  how  and  where  products/services  are  produced,  the  location  of  the  business,  any  legal  issues  (i.e.  permits,  health  regulations,  patents,  etc),  and  how  to  manage  personnel.    

• Management  and  organization  -­‐  This  section  defines  how  the  nonprofit  is  managed  and  run.  It  could  be  useful  to  include  an  organization  chart  with  the  management  hierarchy  and  job  descriptions.  You  should  also  include  information  about  how  the  Board  of  Directors  should  be  run  and  the  bylaws  (see  the  next  section).    

• Financial  plan  -­‐  You  must  also  include  a  financial  plan  that  consists  of  projections  and  budgets  for  the  nonprofit’s  performance  for  at  least  the  next  three  years.  Describe  your  accounting  and  bookkeeping  systems,  as  well  as  your  fundraising  plans.    

• Appendix  -­‐  An  appendix  may  also  be  necessary  to  address  any  other  issues  or  to  include  more  detailed  information  for  any  of  the  sections.    

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 View  sample  business  plan  templates.      References        "Business  Plan  for  a  Startup  Business."  SCORE.  Web.  2  Aug.  2010.      Fritz,  Joanne.  "How  to  Avoid  Mission  Creep."  About.com:  Nonprofit  Charitable  Orgs.  Web.  2  Aug.  2010.      Griesmann,  Don  .  "Nonprofit  Incorporating  -­‐  The  Business  Plan."  Evergreen  State  Society.  Web.  2  Aug.  2010.      "How  to  Start  a  Nonprofit  Organization."  Authenticity  Consulting,  LLC.  Web.  2  Aug.  2010.      Manzo,  Peter  B.,  and  Alice  Espey.  Get  Ready,  Get  Set:  What  you  need  to  know  before  starting  a  nonprofit.  Los  Angeles:  Center  for  Nonprofit  Management,  2004.  Print.          

Incorporating  the  Nonprofit      With  the  mission  statement  and  a  business  plan  set  up,  the  next  step  typically  is  to  incorporate  the  nonprofit  organization  and  file  for  tax-­‐exempt  status.  We  recommend  that  you  get  some  legal  guidance  as  you  incorporate  a  new  nonprofit  organization  and  seek  501(c)  status.  It  can  be  a  tricky  and  tedious  process,  and  a  lawyer  who  specializes  in  nonprofit  organizations  can  definitely  give  you  a  big  hand.      ARTICLES  OF  INCORPORATION      To  incorporate  a  nonprofit  organization,  you  must  file  the  organization’s  Articles  of  Incorporation  with  the  Virginia  State  Corporation  Commission.  The  Articles  of  Incorporation  is  a  legal  document  that  contains  the  nonprofit’s  basic  information,  including:    

• Name  of  the  nonprofit    • Name  and  address  of  registered  agent    • Legal  address  of  the  nonprofit    • Duration  of  the  nonprofit  corporation    • Name  of  incorporators(s)    • Name  and  address  of  directors    • Statement  of  purpose    

         

View  a  sample.      

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Note:  Before  you  file  your  Articles  of  Incorporation,  check  with  the  State  Corporation  Commission  to  confirm  availability  of  the  corporation  name.  (contact  the  Clerk’s  Office  of  the  Virginia  State  Corporation  Commission,  804-­‐371-­‐9733  or  866-­‐722-­‐2551).      BYLAWS      You  must  also  set  up  bylaws  for  your  nonprofit.  Bylaws  outline  the  organization’s  structure,  create  the  governing  board,  and  dictate  the  basic  operational  and  administrative  mechanisms  of  the  nonprofit.  You  are  not  required  to  file  bylaws  with  the  state,  but  you  are  expected  to  have  them  readily  available.  The  bylaws  should  address  issues  such  as:      

• Responsibilities  and  organization  of  the  board  of  directors  (including  size,  length  of  terms,  manner  of  elections,  and  meetings)    

• If  and  how  committees  will  be  set  up    • Information  about  lead  staff    • Fiscal  management    • Membership  regulations,  if  any    

 Bylaws  Checklist      NEXT  STEPS    While  you  are  completing  the  organization's  corporate  documents,  recruit  and/or  appoint  the  board  of  directors  (see  next  section).  Once  you  receive  your  Certificate  of  Incorporation  from  the  State  Corporation  Commission:    

• Hold  an  organizational  meeting  to  appoint  directors,  adopt  the  bylaws,  and  go  over  the  business  plan    

• Create  a  records  book  to  store  the  organization’s  important  documents      Don't  forget  to  get  your  employer  identification  number:    

• Request  from  the  IRS,  done  via  online  application    • Apply  for  an  account  number  with  the  Virginia  Employment  Commission    

 And  register  with  the  appropriate  state  agencies:    

• Virginia  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Consumer  Services  to  register  as  a  charitable  organization    

• Department  of  Revenue  to  register  for  state  business  taxes      Be  aware  of  employment  laws  and  personnel  policies.      Apply  for  tax  exemption:  

• 501(c)(3)  tax  exemption.  The  IRS  recently  has  introduced  a  short  form  for  small  organizations  to  file  for  tax-­‐exempt  status.  For  more  information  on  this  short  form,  please  refer  to  here.      

 

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References      "Articles  of  Incorporation  for  Nonprofits."  Citizen  Media  Law  Project.  Web.  2  Aug.  2010.      "Bylaws  for  Nonprofit  Corporations."  Citizen  Media  Law  Project.  Web.  2  Aug.  2010.      "Starting  a  Nonprofit  Organization."  Hurwit  and  Associates.  Web.  2  Aug.  2010.      "Forming  a  Nonprofit  Corporation  in  Virginia."  Citizen  Media  Law  Project.  Web.  2  Aug.  2010.      "Forming  a  Nonprofit  Corporation."  Citizen  Media  Law  Project.  Web.  2  Aug.  2010.  <  >.      "Apply  for  an  Employer  Identification  Number  (EIN)  Online."  Internal  Revenue  Service.  Web.  2  Aug.  2010.      "Bylaws  Checklist."  Blue  Avocado.  Web  20.  March.  2013      “IRS  Releases  EZ  Application  for  Charity  Status.”  The  Chronicle  of  Philanthropy.  Web.  2  Jun.  2014.      

 Board  of  Directors      The  final  crucial  step  of  launching  your  new  nonprofit  organization  is  to  set  up  the  first  board  of  directors.  The  board  of  directors  is  the  governing  body  of  the  nonprofit  and  is  primarily  responsible  for  establishing  and  promoting  the  nonprofit’s  mission  and  direction.      CHOOSING  THE  FIRST  BOARD      This  first  group  of  board  members  will  be  vital  in  helping  you  start  up  the  new  nonprofit.  At  the  beginning,  you  will  likely  want  to  recruit  board  members  that  have  the  following  qualifications:    Genuine  interest  in  the  mission  of  the  nonprofit  Time  and  energy  to  commit  Useful  expertise  (i.e.  financial,  fundraising,  strategic  planning,  etc)      Ideal  first  board  members  would  have  serve  on  boards  before  and  have  a  good  understanding  of  clients’  needs.  It  is  best  if  they  are  independent  from  the  staff  and  have  no  business  affiliation  with  the  nonprofit,  and  recommended  that  they  represent  as  diverse  cross-­‐section  of  the  community  as  needed.      BOARD  RESPONSIBILITIES  AND  TASKS      

• Establish  and  evaluate  the  organization’s  vision,  mission,  and  direction    • Ensure  the  financial  health  of  the  organization    • Ensure  the  organization  has  sufficient  and  appropriate  human  resources    • Direct  organizational  operations    

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• Maintain  effective  relations  with  the  community  and  other  stakeholders    • Hire  and  work  with  the  executive  director  (see  table  below)    

 Adapted  from  "Board  Development"      INDIVIDUAL  BOARD  MEMBER  EXPECTATIONS      

• Understand  the  organization’s  mission  and  mandate,  be  aware  of  issues  that  are  relevant  to  the  organization,  and  keep  up  to  date  on  relevant  trends  in  the  community    

• Understand  all  financial  and  budgetary  matters    • Ensure  that  the  organization’s  legal  affairs  are  in  order    • Keep  board  discussions  confidential    • Bring  their  own  training,  skills,  and  experience  to  all  board  decisions    

 Adapted  from  "Board  Development"    INITIAL  MEETING  AGENDA      

• Review  and  approve:    • Mission  statement    • Articles  of  Incorporation    • Bylaws    • Business  plan    • Select  board  officers  (President/Chair,  Vice  Chair,  Secretary,  Treasurer)    

 DIFFERENCES  BETWEEN  THE  BOARD  AND  THE  EXECUTIVE  DIRECTOR      The  board  of  directors  is  responsible  for  the  governance  of  the  nonprofit  and  for  establishing  key  policies.  Most  often,  board  members  are  volunteers.  The  executive  director  (or  president/CEO)  is  the  key  leadership  staff  whose  main  responsibility  is  to  implement  the  vision  of  the  organization.  The  executive  director  runs  the  day-­‐to-­‐day  operations  of  the  nonprofit.      The  following  table  describes  further  the  different  responsibilities  of  the  board  and  the  executive  director.          

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 Responsibility     Board  of  Directors     Executive  Director                    Legal  

 Exercises  fiduciary  role  to  ensure  that  the  organization  is  properly  managed.  The  Board  should  have  a  mechanism  to  validate  information  from  the  Executive  Director.      Maintains  corporate  status;  ensures  that  proper  paperwork  is  submitted  to  governmental  agencies.    

Reviews  financial  and  business  dealings  to  protect  the  organization  from  lapsing  into  private  foundation  status  and  exercises  proper  judgment  in  self-­‐dealing  transactions.    

 Must  provide  information  to  the  Board  to  demonstrate  that  the  organization  is  well  managed.    

Compiles  information  for  annual  filing  requirements.  Signals  if  either  of  these  situations  is  likely  to  occur.    

   

         Finance/  accounting    

 Approves  annual  budget.      Reviews  periodic  financial  reports  (balance  sheet,  income  statement,  changes  in  financial  position).      Ensures  that  proper  internal  controls  are  in  place.      

 Prepares  annual  budget  with  input  from  staff  and/or  accounting  department.      Oversees  preparation  of  periodic  financial  reports.    Implements  proper  financial  controls.    

       Planning    

 Establishes  mission  and  program  direction  for  organization.      Reviews  program  plan  and  progress.  Conducts  or  reviews  program  evaluation  plan.    

 Develops  specific  program  goals  and  objectives  based  on  the  board-­‐specified  mission.      Develops  reports  or  oversees  staff  development  of  reports  to  demonstrate  program  progress.    

     

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 Responsibility     Board  of  Directors     Executive  Director                    Legal  

 Exercises  fiduciary  role  to  ensure  that  the  organization  is  properly  managed.  The  Board  should  have  a  mechanism  to  validate  information  from  the  Executive  Director.      Maintains  corporate  status;  ensures  that  proper  paperwork  is  submitted  to  governmental  agencies.    

Reviews  financial  and  business  dealings  to  protect  the  organization  from  lapsing  into  private  foundation  status  and  exercises  proper  judgment  in  self-­‐dealing  transactions.    

 Must  provide  information  to  the  Board  to  demonstrate  that  the  organization  is  well  managed.    

Compiles  information  for  annual  filing  requirements.  Signals  if  either  of  these  situations  is  likely  to  occur.    

   

         Finance/  accounting    

 Approves  annual  budget.      Reviews  periodic  financial  reports  (balance  sheet,  income  statement,  changes  in  financial  position).      Ensures  that  proper  internal  controls  are  in  place.      

 Prepares  annual  budget  with  input  from  staff  and/or  accounting  department.      Oversees  preparation  of  periodic  financial  reports.    Implements  proper  financial  controls.    

       Planning    

 Establishes  mission  and  program  direction  for  organization.      Reviews  program  plan  and  progress.  Conducts  or  reviews  program  evaluation  plan.    

 Develops  specific  program  goals  and  objectives  based  on  the  board-­‐specified  mission.      Develops  reports  or  oversees  staff  development  of  reports  to  demonstrate  program  progress.    

   Policy    

   Sets  policy.    

Implements  policy  (the  specific  operational  decisions  are  the  staff’s  responsibility).    

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Responsibility     Board  of  Directors     Executive  Director    

       Personnel    

 Elects  officers.      Hires  Executive    Director/Officer  and  evaluates  performance.      Reviews  personnel  policies.    

 Implements  personnel  policies.      Hires  all  other  personnel  and  evaluates  performance  of  staff  members  (or  delegates  to  appropriate  supervisor).      

     Resource  Development    

 Establishes  fundraising  goals  and  participates  in  fundraising  efforts.      Determines  feasibility  of  fundraising  goals.    

 Conduct  fundraising  research  and  directs  fundraising  strategy.      Directs  staff  assistance  with  fundraising  efforts.      

       Board  governance    

 Oversees  maintenance  of  minutes,  attendance  records,  and  board  evaluation.      Recruits  new  board  members.      

 Office  staff  may  assist  with  preparation  and  distribution  of  minutes.      May  suggest  names  for  consideration  as  board  members.    

 Adapted  from  “Get  Ready,  Get  Set:  What  you  need  to  know  before  starting  a  nonprofit”  by  Peter  B.  Manzo  and  Alice  Espey.      References      Manzo,  Peter  B.,  and  Alice  Espey.  Get  Ready,  Get  Set:  What  you  need  to  know  before  starting  a  nonprofit.  Los  Angeles:  Center  for  Nonprofit  Management,  2004.  Print.    

"Board  Development".  Web.  2  Aug.  2010.