state comparisons texas association of counties 21 september 2006
TRANSCRIPT
State Comparisons
Texas Association of Counties
21 September 2006
State Comparisons
• Population
• State & Local Government
• Housing
• Income & Poverty
• Jails & Prisons
• Indigent Defense
• Public Schools
State PopulationsState Populations
State Population 1980 - 2005
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
30,000,000
35,000,000
40,000,000
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
California
Colorado
Florida
Texas
Source: BEA & Census Bureau.
Source: Census Bureau.
Percent Change in 65 and Older Population 1990 - 2005 & 2000 - 2005
18.0%
34.4%
21.6%
25.1%
2.9%
6.4%
2.6%3.6%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
California Colorado Florida Texas
1990-2005
2000-2005
State & Local GovernmentState & Local Government
Source: Statistical Abstract, 2006.
State Ranking Local Governments General Revenue Per Capita, 2002
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
Haw
aii
Ark
ansa
s
Del
awar
e
Okl
ahom
a
Ver
mon
t
Rho
de Is
land
Uta
h
Sou
th C
arol
ina
New
Ham
pshi
re
Idah
o
New
Mex
ico
Nor
th C
arol
ina
Tex
as
Ariz
ona
Iow
a
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Geo
rgia
Mas
sach
uset
ts
Illin
ois
Ore
gon
Ohi
o
Col
orad
o
New
Jer
sey
Ala
ska
Wyo
min
g
Dis
tric
t of C
olum
bia
General Revenue
Local Governments in Texas$2,985 Per Capita
25th
Per Capita General Expenditures2002
$6,814
$6,021
$5,217 $5,261
$6,622
$5,186
$4,302
$3,700 $3,624$3,898
$5,134
$3,547
$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
California Colorado Florida Georgia Massachusetts Texas
State & Local Local Gov Only
State & Local Government
Source: Statistical Abstract, 2006.
63%7%
9%
6%
4%4%
7%
52%
10%
9%
7%
5%
5%
12%
5 2 %
1 0 %9 %
7 %
5 %
5 %1 2 %
Education and social services
Highways
Public safety
Environment and housing
Governmental Administration
Interest on General Debt
Other General Expenditures
State & Local Government Expenditures, 2002
TEXAS
COLO
Source: Statistical Abstract, 2006.
Value of State and Local Government Construction
$0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60 $70
Residential
Office
Commercial
Health care
Educational
Public Safety
Amusement and Recreation
Transportation
Power
Highway and Street
Sewage and Waste Disposal
Water Supply
Conservation and Development
Billions
1995 2004Source: Statistical Abstract, 2006.
Percent Share of State's Own-Source Revenue Sent to Local Governments, 2001-2002
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Haw
aii
Del
awar
e
Con
nect
icut
Nor
th D
akot
a
Sou
th D
akot
a
Uta
h
Mon
tana
Loui
sian
a
Mas
sach
uset
ts
Col
orad
o
Mis
sour
i
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Ten
ness
ee
Iow
a
Tex
as
Flo
rida
Illin
ois
Was
hing
ton
New
Mex
ico
Nor
th C
arol
ina
Min
neso
ta
Wyo
min
g
Wis
cons
in
Mic
higa
n
New
Yor
k
Percent
Texas
Source: National Conference of State Legislators.
Percent of Local General Revenues Provided by State 2001-2002
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Haw
aii
Tex
as
Sou
th D
akot
a
Mar
ylan
d
Ten
ness
ee
Illin
ois
Mis
sour
i
Nor
th D
akot
a
Indi
ana
Loui
sian
a
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Sou
th C
arol
ina
New
Yor
k
Uta
h
Was
hing
ton
Ohi
o
Okl
ahom
a
Ken
tuck
y
Ore
gon
Idah
o
Mis
siss
ippi
Wes
t Virg
inia
Cal
iforn
ia
Mic
higa
n
New
Mex
ico
Percent
Texas
Source: National Conference of State Legislators.
Per Capita Local General Revenue, including State Aid 2001-2002
$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
Haw
aii
Wes
t Virg
inia
Del
awar
e
Okl
ahom
a
Ver
mon
t
Rho
de Is
land
Uta
h
Nor
th D
akot
a
Mis
sour
i
Mai
ne
New
Mex
ico
Nor
th C
arol
ina
Virg
inia
Ariz
ona
Iow
a
Neb
rask
a
Geo
rgia
Mas
sach
uset
ts
Illin
ois
Mic
higa
n
Ohi
o
Wis
cons
in
New
Jer
sey
Ala
ska
Wyo
min
g
Per Capita
Texas
Source: National Conference of State Legislators.
Total Gross State Product 1997-2005
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Bill
ion
s
California
Colorado
Florida
Texas
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis.
Gross State Product in Constant (2000) DollarsPercent Change, 2003-2004
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
Mic
higa
n
Illin
ois
Loui
sian
a
Ohi
o
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Wyo
min
g
Ala
ska
Rho
de Is
land
Ken
tuck
y
Mai
ne
Col
orad
o
Sou
th C
arol
ina
New
Mex
ico
Nor
th C
arol
ina
Con
nect
icut
Sou
th D
akot
a
Ver
mon
t
Ten
ness
ee
Mar
ylan
d
Del
awar
e
Ark
ansa
s
Iow
a
Idah
o
Haw
aii
Ariz
ona
Percent
Texas
Source: Statistical Abstract, 2006.
Housing
Thousands of New Privately-Owned Housing Units Started by State2006 Estimates
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Dis
tric
t o
f C
olu
mb
ia
Mo
nta
na
Wyo
min
g
Ve
rmo
nt
We
st V
irg
inia
De
law
are
Ma
ine
Ne
bra
ska
Ark
an
sas
Ida
ho
Ka
nsa
s
Ma
ssa
chu
sett
s
Ore
go
n
Ke
ntu
cky
Ne
w J
ers
ey
Ma
ryla
nd
So
uth
Ca
rolin
a
Wis
con
sin
Te
nn
ess
ee
Min
ne
sota
Pe
nn
sylv
an
ia
Vir
gin
ia
Illin
ois
No
rth
Ca
rolin
a
Te
xas
Flo
rid
a
Single Family Units
Texas
Source: Statistical Abstract, 2006.
Homeownership Rates by State, 2004
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Dis
t. of
Col
umbi
a
Cal
iforn
ia
Rho
de Is
land
Tex
as
Was
hing
ton
Sou
th D
akot
a
New
Jer
sey
Ark
ansa
s
Kan
sas
Loui
sian
a
Col
orad
o
Neb
rask
a
Ten
ness
ee
Ver
mon
t
Flo
rida
Mon
tana
Wyo
min
g
Iow
a
Wis
cons
in
Idah
o
Ken
tuck
y
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Indi
ana
Min
neso
ta
Del
awar
e
Wes
t Virg
inia
Percentage
Texas
Source: Statistical Abstract, 2006.
Homeownerships Rates for Selected States
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2003 2004
Texas
California
Colorado
Florida
Source: Statistical Abstract, 2006.
Owner-Occupied Housing UnitsValue by State, 2003
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
$400,000
No
rth
Da
kota
Mis
siss
ipp
i
We
st V
irg
inia
Ala
ba
ma
Te
xas
Ka
nsa
s
Ke
ntu
cky
Mis
sou
ri
Pe
nn
sylv
an
ia
Ida
ho
Mo
nta
na
So
uth
Ca
rolin
a
Wis
con
sin
Ve
rmo
nt
Mic
hig
an
Ari
zon
a
Illin
ois
De
law
are
Ne
vad
a
Ala
ska
Ne
w Y
ork
Rh
od
e I
sla
nd
Co
lora
do
Ne
w J
ers
ey
Ma
ssa
chu
sett
s
Ca
lifo
rnia
Median Value
Texas
Source: Statistical Abstract, 2006.
Owner-Occupied Housing UnitsMedian Monthly Owner Costs, 2003
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
$1,400
$1,600
$1,800
$2,000
We
st V
irg
inia
Mis
siss
ipp
i
Ala
ba
ma
Ke
ntu
cky
Iow
a
So
uth
Da
kota
Mis
sou
ri
Ind
ian
a
Ne
w M
exi
co
Ne
bra
ska
So
uth
Ca
rolin
a
No
rth
Ca
rolin
a
Mic
hig
an
Ve
rmo
nt
Flo
rid
a
Te
xas
De
law
are
Ore
go
n
Ne
vad
a
Co
lora
do
Wa
shin
gto
n
Ma
ryla
nd
Ne
w Y
ork
Ma
ssa
chu
sett
s
Ca
lifo
rnia
Ne
w J
ers
ey
Median Monthly Owner Costs
Texas
Source: Statistical Abstract, 2006.
Source: Statistical Abstract, 2006.
Percent of Owner Occupied Housing Units Where Monthly Housing Costs = 35% or More of Total Income, 2003
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Nor
th D
akot
a
Sou
th D
akot
a
Kan
sas
Del
awar
e
Wes
t Virg
inia
Wyo
min
g
Mis
sour
i
Idah
o
Ala
bam
a
Ken
tuck
y
Wis
cons
in
Ver
mon
t
Ohi
o
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Mai
ne
Mon
tana
New
Mex
ico
Tex
as
Mis
siss
ippi
Geo
rgia
Mas
sach
uset
ts
Col
orad
o
Dis
tric
t of C
olum
bia
Was
hing
ton
Nev
ada
Cal
iforn
ia
35% or More
Texas
Single Family Building Permits, Average Value of Dwellings 1980 - 2005
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
California
Colorado
Florida
Texas
Source: Real Estate Center at Texas A&M University.
Income & PovertyIncome & Poverty
Median Household Income, 2003
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
Wes
t Virg
inia
Loui
sian
a
Ken
tuck
y
Okl
ahom
a
Mon
tana
Nor
th C
arol
ina
Sou
th D
akot
a
Idah
o
Flo
rida
Iow
a
Mis
sour
i
Kan
sas
Neb
rask
a
Indi
ana
Geo
rgia
Ver
mon
t
Mic
higa
n
New
Yor
k
Uta
h
Rho
de Is
land
Cal
iforn
ia
Del
awar
e
Virg
inia
Mas
sach
uset
ts
Con
nect
icut
New
Jer
sey
Median Income
Texas
Source: Statistical Abstract, 2006.
Per Capita Personal Income 1980 - 2004
$0
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
$35,000
$40,000
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
California
Colorado
Florida
Texas
United States
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis.
Percent Increase in Personal Income from 1990 to 2004
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Haw
aii
Flo
rida
New
Yor
k
Illin
ois
Ohi
o
Del
awar
e
Rho
de Is
land
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Kan
sas
Sou
th C
arol
ina
Mar
ylan
d
Idah
o
Virg
inia
Mis
sour
i
Neb
rask
a
Iow
a
Ala
bam
a
Ark
ansa
s
Uta
h
Ken
tuck
y
Min
neso
ta
Mas
sach
uset
ts
Ver
mon
t
Mis
siss
ippi
Sou
th D
akot
a
Nor
th D
akot
a
Percent Increase
Texas
Source: Statistical Abstract, 2006.
Percent in Poverty, All Ages 2000 - 2003
14.6%15.0%
15.4%
16.2%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
2000 2001 2002 2003
California
Colorado
Florida
Texas
United States
Source: Census Bureau.
Persons Below the Poverty Level2003
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
New
Ham
pshi
re
Con
nect
icut
New
Jer
sey
Virg
inia
Wyo
min
g
Ala
ska
Iow
a
Mai
ne
Indi
ana
Kan
sas
Haw
aii
Sou
th D
akot
a
Illin
ois
Nev
ada
Mis
sour
i
Flo
rida
Cal
iforn
ia
Ten
ness
ee
Ore
gon
Sou
th C
arol
ina
Ariz
ona
Okl
ahom
a
Ala
bam
a
Wes
t Virg
inia
Mis
siss
ippi
Percent
Texas
Source: Statistical Abstract, 2006.
Per Capita Personal Current Taxes 1980 - 2004
$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
California
Colorado
Florida
Texas
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis.
Includes: Federal, State and Local Taxes.
Unemployment Rate2004
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
Haw
aii
New
Ham
pshi
re
Ver
mon
t
Wyo
min
g
Virg
inia
Nev
ada
Iow
a
Mai
ne
New
Jer
sey
Mon
tana
Wis
cons
in
Mas
sach
uset
ts
Ken
tuck
y
Indi
ana
Wes
t Virg
inia
Nor
th C
arol
ina
Kan
sas
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Ala
bam
a
Ark
ansa
s
Tex
as
Cal
iforn
ia
Was
hing
ton
Sou
th C
arol
ina
Ala
ska
Rate
Texas
Source: Statistical Abstract, 2006.
Source: Federation of Tax Administrators.
9.30%
4.63%
0.00% 0.00%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
California Colorado Florida Texas
Maximum State Individual Income Tax Rate Tax Year 2006
Max Tax Rate
CA - An additional 1% tax is imposed on taxable income over $1 million.
8.84%
4.63%
5.50%
0.00%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
California Colorado Florida Texas
Corporate Income Tax Rates For Tax Year 2006
Tax Rate
CA - Minimum tax is $800. The tax rate on S-Corporations is 1.5% (3.5% for banks).FL - Or 3.3% Alternative Minimum Tax. An exemption of $5,000 is allowed.
Source: Federation of Tax Administrators.
Jails and PrisonsJails and Prisons
State and Federal Prisoners Held in Local Jails and Private Facilities December 2004
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
Con
nect
icut
New
Ham
pshi
re
Rho
de Is
land
Iow
a
Mis
sour
i
Ark
ansa
s
Wes
t Virg
inia
Ore
gon
Sou
th D
akot
a
Mai
ne
Wis
cons
in
Nor
th C
arol
ina
Min
neso
ta
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Mic
higa
n
Indi
ana
Idah
o
Virg
inia
Ken
tuck
y
New
Jer
sey
Col
orad
o
Cal
iforn
ia
Flo
rida
Mis
siss
ippi
Okl
ahom
a
Prisoners
Texas
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Number of Inmates in State and Federal PrisonsJune 30, 2005
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
Dis
t. of
Col
.
Wyo
min
g
Mai
ne
Mon
tana
Sou
th D
akot
a
Neb
rask
a
Uta
h
New
Mex
ico
Idah
o
Iow
a
Mas
sach
uset
ts
Ark
ansa
s
Ken
tuck
y
Was
hing
ton
Ten
ness
ee
Col
orad
o
Indi
ana
Sou
th C
arol
ina
Ala
bam
a
Mis
sour
i
Ariz
ona
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Illin
ois
Mic
higa
n
Flo
rida
Cal
iforn
ia
Inmates
Texas
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Number of Local Jail InmatesJune 30, 2005
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
Ver
mon
t
Haw
aii
Con
nect
icut
Nor
th D
akot
a
Mai
ne
New
Ham
pshi
re
Neb
rask
a
Iow
a
Wes
t Virg
inia
Ore
gon
Kan
sas
Nev
ada
Okl
ahom
a
Mis
siss
ippi
Mar
ylan
d
Was
hing
ton
Wis
cons
in
Ariz
ona
Nor
th C
arol
ina
New
Jer
sey
Ohi
o
Ten
ness
ee
New
Yor
k
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Flo
rida
Cal
iforn
ia
Inmates
Texas
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Indigent DefenseIndigent Defense
Source: The Spangenberg Group.
Indigent Defense Expenditures by State and County GovernmentsPercent of Expenditures from State Government
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
New
Mex
ico
Uta
h
Nev
ada
Was
hing
ton
Tex
as
Idah
o
New
Yor
k
Illin
ois
Ohi
o
Mon
tana
Sou
th C
arol
ina
Flo
rida
Ten
ness
ee
Iow
a
Ala
ska
Col
orad
o
Del
awar
e
Mai
ne
Mas
sach
uset
ts
Mis
sour
i
New
Jer
sey
Nor
th D
akot
a
Rho
de Is
land
Virg
inia
Wis
cons
in
2002
Texas
Data from Michigan and District of Columbia not available.
Public SchoolsPublic Schools
Source: NEA, 2005.
Average Salaries of Public School Teachers 2004–05
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
Sou
th D
akot
a
Mis
siss
ippi
Ala
bam
a
Mon
tana
Mis
sour
i
Iow
a
Neb
rask
a
Uta
h
Ark
ansa
s
Tex
as
Ten
ness
ee
Sou
th C
arol
ina
Nor
th C
arol
ina
New
Ham
pshi
re
Wis
cons
in
Virg
inia
Haw
aii
Indi
ana
Ore
gon
Del
awar
e
Ala
ska
Rho
de Is
land
Illin
ois
New
Jer
sey
Cal
iforn
ia
Con
nect
icut
2004–05
Texas
Student Teacher Ratio 2004–05
0
5
10
15
20
25
Ver
mon
t
Virg
inia
Dis
tric
t of C
olum
bia
New
Yor
k
Nor
th D
akot
a
Con
nect
icut
Sou
th D
akot
a
Iow
a
Wes
t Virg
inia
Mon
tana
Mas
sach
uset
ts
Geo
rgia
Nor
th C
arol
ina
Del
awar
e
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Okl
ahom
a
Ala
bam
a
Ken
tuck
y
Min
neso
ta
Ohi
o
Ala
ska
Col
orad
o
Mic
higa
n
Nev
ada
Cal
iforn
ia
Uta
h
2004–05
Texas
Source: NEA, 2005.
Current Expenditures per Student in Public K-12 Schools 2004–05
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
Uta
h
Ark
ansa
s
Mis
siss
ippi
Idah
o
Ala
bam
a
Flo
rida
Nor
th C
arol
ina
Iow
a
Loui
sian
a
Sou
th D
akot
a
Ore
gon
Ken
tuck
y
Sou
th C
arol
ina
Col
orad
o
Virg
inia
Indi
ana
Min
neso
ta
Ohi
o
Wis
cons
in
New
Ham
pshi
re
Ala
ska
Rho
de Is
land
Del
awar
e
Mas
sach
uset
ts
New
Yor
k
Dis
tric
t of C
olum
bia
2004–05
Texas
Source: NEA, 2005.
Total Revenues for Public K-12 Schools from State Governments Percent change from 2003-04 to 2004-05
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
New
Jer
sey
Tex
as
Nor
th D
akot
a
Mai
ne
Haw
aii
Con
nect
icut
Wes
t Virg
inia
Rho
de Is
land
Col
orad
o
New
Yor
k
Was
hing
ton
Sou
th C
arol
ina
Wis
cons
in
Neb
rask
a
Uta
h
Mis
siss
ippi
Del
awar
e
Geo
rgia
Virg
inia
Nor
th C
arol
ina
Flo
rida
Ohi
o
Kan
sas
Cal
iforn
ia
New
Ham
pshi
re
% Change
Texas
Source: NEA, 2005.
Total Revenues for Public K-12 Schools from Local Governments Percent change from 2003-04 to 2004-05
-80%
-70%
-60%
-50%
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
Ver
mon
t
New
Ham
pshi
re
New
Mex
ico
Nor
th D
akot
a
Sou
th D
akot
a
Ala
ska
Col
orad
o
Indi
ana
Mon
tana
Rho
de Is
land
Mis
sour
i
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Neb
rask
a
Illin
ois
Ten
ness
ee
Ken
tuck
y
Ore
gon
Mis
siss
ippi
Uta
h
Ark
ansa
s
Virg
inia
Ariz
ona
Mar
ylan
d
Min
neso
ta
Sou
th C
arol
ina
Flo
rida
% Change
Texas
Source: NEA, 2005.
Total Revenues for Public K-12 Schools Percent change from 2003-04 to 2004-05
-2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
Ore
gon
Tex
as
Haw
aii
Min
neso
ta
Iow
a
Rho
de Is
land
Kan
sas
Con
nect
icut
New
Ham
pshi
re
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Sou
th D
akot
a
Was
hing
ton
Loui
sian
a
New
Mex
ico
Mar
ylan
d
Okl
ahom
a
Mis
siss
ippi
Uta
h
Ken
tuck
y
Mas
sach
uset
ts
Dis
tric
t of C
olum
bia
Sou
th C
arol
ina
Nor
th C
arol
ina
Ariz
ona
Ten
ness
ee
Flo
rida
% ChangeSource: NEA, 2005.
State Comparisons
Texas Association of Counties
Tim Brown21 September 2006