States of MatterStates of Matter

Solids, Liquids, Gases, and ??Solids, Liquids, Gases, and ??

States of MatterStates of MatterThe states of matter are the The states of matter are the physical physical

formform in which a substance can exist. in which a substance can exist. The four states of matter are solids, The four states of matter are solids,

liquids, gases, and ____________?liquids, gases, and ____________?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Plasma_ball_cosmocurio.jpg

Particles of MatterParticles of MatterMatter is made up of tiny particles Matter is made up of tiny particles

called atoms and molecules.called atoms and molecules. The atoms and molecules are too The atoms and molecules are too

small to see without a very strong small to see without a very strong microscope.microscope.

Atoms and molecules are Atoms and molecules are alwaysalways in in motion and bumping in to each other.motion and bumping in to each other.

The way the atoms interact The way the atoms interact determines the state of matter. determines the state of matter.

Models of a solid, liquid, Models of a solid, liquid, and gasand gas

Water Molecules (HWater Molecules (H22O) in each state O) in each state of matterof matter

Solid Liquid Gas

http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/839/20018610.JPG

SolidsSolids Particles that make up a solid are Particles that make up a solid are

packed very closely together and packed very closely together and stay in fixed positions. This makes it stay in fixed positions. This makes it very hard to separate themvery hard to separate them

Particles in a solid vibrate back and Particles in a solid vibrate back and forthforth

Solids have a definite volume and Solids have a definite volume and shapeshape

http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/kingworc/departments/geography/nottingham/atmosphere/pages/gfx/solid.jpg

Two Types of SolidsTwo Types of Solids

Crystalline Solid-Crystalline Solid- solid that is made solid that is made up of ordered rows of crystals.up of ordered rows of crystals.

When crystalline solids are heated, When crystalline solids are heated, they melt at a distinct temperature they melt at a distinct temperature called its called its melting pointmelting point..

Ex. Sugar, sand, salt, iron, diamondEx. Sugar, sand, salt, iron, diamondhttp://lh5.ggpht.com/_ErbTYgLSBjk/R6NFDLyptkI/AAAAAAAAbWo/RrmQ_wH6MCE/P1312671.JPG

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v407/n6806/images/407897aa.2.jpg

Two Types of SolidsTwo Types of Solids

Amorphous Solids-Amorphous Solids- solids in which solids in which the particles are the particles are notnot arranged in a arranged in a regular pattern.regular pattern.

An amorphous solid An amorphous solid does notdoes not have a have a distinct melting point. When it is distinct melting point. When it is heated it becomes softer and softer.heated it becomes softer and softer.

Ex. Plastics, rubber, glassEx. Plastics, rubber, glass

http://lovelylissie.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/dsc-0069-fixed.jpg

LiquidsLiquids

Particles in a liquid are packed Particles in a liquid are packed almostalmost as closely as a solid, but they as closely as a solid, but they move around one another freely. move around one another freely.

Liquids have a definite volume but Liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape. It will take on the no definite shape. It will take on the shape of any container it is poured shape of any container it is poured into.into.

http://www.t2i2edu.com/WebMovie/3Chap18_files/image004.jpg

Viscosity and Surface Viscosity and Surface TensionTension

Viscosity- the resistance of a liquid to Viscosity- the resistance of a liquid to flowingflowing

Liquids with a Liquids with a high viscosity flow slowlyhigh viscosity flow slowly

Ex. Molasses, honey, syrup, ketchupEx. Molasses, honey, syrup, ketchup Liquids with a Liquids with a low viscosity flow quicklylow viscosity flow quickly

Ex. Water, rubbing alcohol, vinegarEx. Water, rubbing alcohol, vinegar

Surface Tension- a force that acts on Surface Tension- a force that acts on

the particles at the surface of a the particles at the surface of a

liquid. It causes some liquids to liquid. It causes some liquids to

form droplets.form droplets.

GasesGases

Gases have neither a definite volume Gases have neither a definite volume nor shapenor shape

Gas particles spread apart, filling all Gas particles spread apart, filling all the space that is available. “Space the space that is available. “Space hogs”hogs”

Ex. Helium, oxygen, carbon dioxideEx. Helium, oxygen, carbon dioxide

http://resources.edb.gov.hk/cphysics/heat/tep/trans/kinetic_theory.gif

PlasmasPlasmas Plasmas have neither a definite volume nor Plasmas have neither a definite volume nor

shape.shape. Plasmas are more like a gas than any other state Plasmas are more like a gas than any other state

of matter.of matter. A plasma is a cloud of protons, neutrons, and A plasma is a cloud of protons, neutrons, and

electrons, where all the electrons have come electrons, where all the electrons have come loose from their atoms. The plasma acts as a loose from their atoms. The plasma acts as a whole rather than as bunch of atoms.whole rather than as bunch of atoms.

Examples- lightning, neon lights, auroras Examples- lightning, neon lights, auroras (northern lights)(northern lights)

http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/967/15021243.JPG

http://www.rmets.org/images/weather/aurora-borealis.jpg http://science.howstuffworks.com/aurora2.htm

ReviewReview

State of State of MatterMatter

Definite Definite Volume?Volume?

Definite Definite Shape?Shape?

SolidSolid XX XX

LiquidLiquid XX

GasGas

Fifth State of Matter?Fifth State of Matter?

Bose-Einstein CondensateBose-Einstein Condensate

Change in State of Change in State of MatterMatter

Change in Change in StateState

What is What is the the change?change?

Is energy Is energy added or added or taken taken away?away?

TemperatTemperature ure increase increase or or decreasedecrease

Particles Particles get get faster or faster or slower?slower?

MeltingMelting Solid to Solid to ____________

AddedAdded fasterfaster

BoilingBoiling Liquid to Liquid to ____________

increaseincrease

EvaporationEvaporation Liquid to Liquid to ____________

AddedAdded fasterfaster

SublimationSublimation ____ to gas____ to gas Lots Lots addedadded

increaseincrease

FreezingFreezing _____ to _____ to solidsolid

decreasedecrease slowerslower

CondensationCondensation Gas to Gas to __________

RemoveRemovedd