steam idea book

Idea Book of STEAM* Projects*Science****Technology****Engineering****Art****Mathematics

David Harmon, Charles Griffin and Richard St-PierreMake It Science and IBM Systems & Technology

Essex Jct., VT USA

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Make It Science – Motivating STEAM Learning

Make It Science is a volunteer organization working in conjunction with IBM’s Technical Education Outreach Program. Its mission is to provide an innovation-environment for K-12 students to explore physical sciences by building developmentally appropriate, motivational projects at very low cost

C. Griffin / D. Harmon / R, St-Pierre

Speaker Pong Team Marimba de Fuego playing the electric bass marimba

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• Electro*Sci: Electricity

• Magneto*Sci: Magnetism & Electricity

• Musica*Sci: Vibration, Sound, Waves & Music

• Aero*Sci: Forces & Motion – Air Pressure



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Electro****Sci: Electricity

Demos:

– Van Der Graaf– Fun Fly Stick– ElectroCatic Generator

Hands-on Activities:

– Can Racing – Leaf Electroscopes– Electronic Electroscopes– Electro*Soda Motas– Electro*Pong Gongs

Make It Science – Motivating STEM Learning


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Van der Graaf: Serious Charges ($150+)


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C. Griffin / D. Harmon / R. St-Pierre

Become part of the circuit ! Play with one of the forces that hold the universe together !

Charge separation

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Fun Fly Sticks: Static Magic! ($28)



The Fun Fly Stick© low-cost and fun alternative to a Van der Graaf generator

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MATERIALS1. Kitty litter bucket 2. 3” PVC pipe (3.5” OD), 15” long3. ½” PVC pipe, 8” long4. ¾” CPVC pipe, 5” long5. ½” PVC end cap6. (2) tin cans, 3.5” dia., 5.75” tall 7. Real wool (mitten, hat, scarf) 8. (4) 8‐32 bolts, ¾” long 9. (8) 8‐32 lock washers and nuts10. (2) 10‐32 bolts 1.5” long11. (2) 10‐32 lock washers and nuts 12. (1) Cat (optional)

ELECTRO SCI - ElectroCatic* Generator ($0 plus 1 cat?)

* No animals were harmed in the construction and use of this device



Hand-crank electrostatic generator

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ELECTRO SCI - Can Racers

• ¾” PVC pipe, 16” long• Soda can, 12 oz. • Real wool mitten, hat or scarf



Race electrostatically powered soda cans! High-tech scientific equipment

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MATERIALS1. Clear, flat‐sided plastic jar2. Medium binder clip3. 1/4‐20 Bolt, 3” long4. (2) 1/4‐20 Flat washers and nuts5. 1/4‐20 Lock washer6. (2) Aluminum foil strips, ¾” x 2.25”7. Transparency w/ protractor image

ELECTRO SCI - Leaf ElectroscopeBolt (1/4-20)NutWasher

WasherNut

Binder Clip Paper Clip section

Aluminumfoil leaves

Assemble andinsert into holein jar lid

Place washer and nut on bolt and hand tighten

Attach binder clipto end of bolt andremove handles

Thread leaves onto paper clip sectionsand snap sections ontooutside of binder clips

Jar lid

Screw lid onto jar

Align protractorsection withfoil leaves andtape in place



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MATERIALS1. 9V battery 2. 9V battery top cap (recycled)3. N‐JFET Transistor (MPF102) 4. Red LED (e.g., Radio Shack #2 )

ELECTRO SCI Electronic Electroscope

Eletrostatic Charge sensor, http://www.eskimo.com/~billb/emotor/chargdet.html



Empowerment through soldering Electroscope mounted 9V battery

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Soda Mota III

MATERIALS• Bottled‐water bottle (8 oz.) • 3 ballpoint pens (e.g., Staples, med)• 2 X 4 Wood block , 8 ¾” long• 2 Very large paper clips • Aluminum foil (2 ½ ” x 8” inches)• Transparency (1 7/8” x 8 ½ ”) • Glue stick• Double‐sided tape

ELECTRO SCI - Soda Mota

NOTE: The aluminum foil stripes on the bottle should be separated by ~ 1cm



Construction of the Soda Moda (electrostatic motor)

Low-cost electrostatic fun !

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Constructing Pong Gong IIMATERIALS1. Two tuna cans, half opened & lid folded under2. Plastic support cut from 5‐gallon bucket3. Dental floss, 16” long (or equivalent) 4. Ping pong ball 5. No. 2 pencil for coloring6. 2 x 4 Wooden block, 4 ¾” long 7. (4) Wood screws , 1” long8. (4) 8‐32 Flat washers and nuts9. (2) 8‐32 Bolts with lock washers and star washers

Pong Gong IIIMATERIALS1. Plastic milk carton (1 gallon) 2. Dental floss, 16” long (or equivalent) 3. Ping pong ball 4. No. 2 pencil (for coloring)5. (2 ‐ 4) Brass fasteners

ELECTRO SCI - Pong Gong



Pong Gong Electrostatic motor

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Magneto****Sci: Magnetism & Electricity

Demos:

– Magnetic Slide – Ring Flinger


– Loop Motors – Mag Spinners– Mag Sensors – Speakers– Electric Guitars



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Magneto****Sci: Magnetic Slide

Aluminum Channel*

Rare-earthMagnetic Cylinder

*Similar channels of other materials and non-magnetic rollers the same size & mass as the magnet are also useful for demonstrations

Lenz's law"An induced current is always in such a direction as to oppose the motion or change causing it“-- Heinrich Lenz



Fg

Fm

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Magneto****Sci: Ring Flinger

On

Off

Two hundred straightened coat hangers!

2” PVC Pipe

Metal Ring

Hand-wound coil

110 VAC

Variac (optional)

Levitate or Fling Rings!

Split ring for comparison



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Magneto****Sci: Loop Motors

MATERIALS1. (1) 2x4 wooden block, 20 cm long 2. (1) medium binder clips 3. (1) Disk magnets 4. (2) small wood screws5. (2) large paper clips6. Copper magnet wire, ~24 gauge

(65 cm with ~ 7 cm diameter loops)7. (1) AA battery (rechargeable!)

2 x 4 Block

9.5 cm

DiskMagnet

2½ Loopsof Copper Magnet Wire

AA Battery

Paper Clips

NOTE: On each side where the copper wire can contact the paper clips, scrape the insulation off just the bottom edge of the wire with the loop vertical



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Magneto****Sci: Mag Spinners

2 x 4 Block

Magnets

MATERIALS1. (1) 2x4 wooden block, 20 cm long 2. (1) wooden stop, ~0.5 cm thick, ~8 cm tall 3. (5) medium binder clips 4. (6) Disk magnets 5. (1) ballpoint pen (e.g. bic, staples)6. (5) small wood screws

Wooden stop Pen

N N

N N

5.5 cm 5.5 cm

Binder Clips



Magnetic levitation with a twist!

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MATERIALS1. 9V battery 2. 9V battery top cap (recycled)3. Hall Sensor (e.g., UTC U18) 4. Red LED (e.g., Radio Shack #2 ) 5. Resistor, 1 KOhms

MAGNETO SCI Mag Sensor



Mag sensor mounted on a 9V battery Assembly of the magnetic sensor

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Magneto****Sci: Speakers

Clear Plastic bag taped to rim of jar

Copper Wire on Sewing Bobbin taped to plastic

Magnet

Tubing

BoltLarge Plastic Pretzel Jar

Section with Extra Cap

MATERIALS1. Plastic sewing bobbin 2. Copper magnet wire, 30 gauge, 40’3. Large‐mouth plastic jar4. Bolt, flat washers & nuts (14‐20) 5. Rare‐earth cylindrical magnet,

(e.g., 0.25” dia, 0.5” long)6. Plastic tubing, 0.25” ID, 1” long 7. Clear plastic sheet

Speaker with mini amp circuit and CD player



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Magneto****Sci: Electric Guitar

Tuning Pin

Tuning Pin

Copper Wire on Sewing Bobbin Adjustable Wire Frets

MATERIALS1. Plastic sewing bobbin 2. Copper magnet wire, 42 gauge3. Scrap floor board4. Piano tuning pins (recycled)5. Rare‐earth cylindrical magnet,

(e.g., 0.25” dia, 0.5” long)6. (2) Wooden triangle blocks (bridges) 7. Piano wire (or guitar string)8. Frozen orange juice lid9. Output jack (e.g., ¼” ) 10. Connecting wire

Output Jack



Magnet

Jammin’ with the 1-string EM-Guitar

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Musica****Sci: Vibration, Waves, Sound & Music

Demos (requires dedicated volunteers): – String Thing– Shive Machine– Speaker Pong


– Coat Rack Bass– Glockenthump– Drumbone– Bucket Banjos – Marimbas– Chimephone– Balloon Bassoon



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Musica****Sci: The String Thing



Multiple resonance modes demonstrated in elastic bands excited by a subwoofer speaker

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Musica****Sci: Speaker Pong & Speaker Drum



Resonance of a ping pong ball placed on a speaker cone Subwoofer speaker mounted inside a drum

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Musica****Sci: Speaker Drum



Salt crystals reveal the nodal patters on the speaker drum

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Musica****Sci: The Monotar with Lisajou* Patterns

MATERIALS1. Scrap 2 x 4, ~1 m2. Piano tuning pins

(recycled)3. Nylon fishing line4. Wooden bridge,

adjustable 5. Large binder clip

(optional)

*Lissajous curve, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissajous_curve



Linking visual and aural harmony with the Monotar string instrument

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Musica****Sci: Bucket Banjos



Three-string Bucket Banjo construction: acoustic or piezoelectric guitars

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Musica****Sci: Coat Rack Bass & Glockenthump



Is it a coat rack? Or, is it an instrument? PVC melodies from a plosive aerophone

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Musica****Sci: Drumbone & Flute



Playing the slide drumbone A PVC flute: an empowering musical project

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Musica****Sci: Marimbas

??F#

392.048.3Go

784.033.7G

440.0?A

493.9?B

523.242.9C

587.339.5D

659.237.2E

698.435.9F

Freq(Hz)

Length*(cm)

Note

E FC D

Go

HW Bars

F# G

A B

* Example only; highly variableC. Griffin / D. Harmon / R. St-Pierre


Floorboard marimbas: acoustic or piezoelectric

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Musica****Sci: Pan Pipes

Go A B C D E F F# G

Foam “corks”

Tape/ frame

78412.2G?? F#689.413.5F659.214.3E587.315.8D523.217.6C493.9?B440?A39223.2Go

Frequency (Hz)

Length(cm)

Note



Playing the PVC pipes of Pan

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Musica****Sci: Performance!



An orchestra to remember !

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Aero****Sci: Air Pressure

Demos– Balloon & Quarter, Balloon & cups– Soda Poppers– Leaf Blower Beach Ball – The Wing Thing

Hands-on Activities:– Jars Of Air– Pipes of Pong– Balloon Racing– Bernoulli Pong– String Launchers– Spin Gliders– Whirled Cup Soccer



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Aero*Sci: Soda Poppers

MATERIALS1. Small plastic soda bottle 2. Ping pong ball3. Small knife4. Scissors C. Griffin / D. Harmon / R. St-Pierre


Use air pressure to Pop the ping pong ball out of the soda bottle

Now what ?

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Aero*Sci: Leaf Blower Beach Ball

MATERIALS1. Small leaf blower2. Beach Ball3. Extension cord



Use the Bernoulli principle to levitate a beach ball over the crowd…

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Aero*Sci: The Wing Thing

MATERIALS1. Several manila folders 2. (1) Soda can3. (6) Straws4. Leaf blower5. Fishing line6. Suspension frame (e.g., PVC pipes)

Symmetric “wing” follows the air stream Airplane “wing” gets a “lift” from the air stream

Lift (Force), Wikipedia The Free

Encyclopedia, 4/23/10,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_(force).



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Aero*Sci: Jars of Air

MATERIALS1. (3) Large plastic peanut butter

jars (32 oz) 1. (2) Large re‐closable plastic bags2. Adhesive tape 3. (1) Large, flat rubber band4. 2 ½” hole saw (and drill press) 5. Optional: aquarium air valves,

hose & hose fittings



If the jar is empty, why can’t I put the bag back inside?

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Aero*Sci: Pipes of Pong

MATERIALS1. Several 2” diameter, clear PVC pipes 2. Several 40 mm ping pong balls 3. 2” PVC end cap



Controlling motion of the ping pong ball inside the pipe with air pressure

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Aero*Sci: Bernoulli Pong

MATERIALS1. (~5) Plastic soda bottles2. (1) 2”x 4” x 24” scrap lumber 3. (~5) wood screws, 1” long4. (1) Computer paper box lid 5. (2) Ping pong balls



Use air pressure and be the first one to move the ping pong ball to the center cup !

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Aero*Sci: Spin Glider

High Pressure

Low Pressure

Gravity

Lift

Drag

Thrust

MATERIALS1. (2) Paper or plastic cups 2. (1) Large rubber band 3. (1) Marker with pocket clip 4. Adhesive tape

Marker (optional)



Spinning cups get a lift from Bernoulli

What happens now?

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Aero*Sci: Balloon Rockets

Newton’s 3rd Law: It IS Rocket Science!

FBA

FAB

FBA = -FAB

MATERIALS1. (1) Large styrofoam cup 2. (1) Straw 3. Adhesive tape 4. Many long balloons5. Small gauge wire with teflon insulation (~10’)6. Balloon pump



Get ready, get set…. Gooooooo !

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Aero*Sci: Whirled-Cup Soccer

Vortex Rings, Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia, 4/18/10 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex_ring

Vortex Ring Toys, Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia, 4/18/10, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex_ring_toys.



Whirl your cup across the goal line with a vortex of air* !

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. Aero*Sci: Whirled-Cup Soccer

Use an air vortex to Whirl the Cups past the goal line

Plastic Sheet

Rubber Band

Bucket

Moving Air Vortex

Air

Cups(taped)

Thrust

GoalGoalx

Clamp

Swivel

Clamp



1) Remove nut and 1 washer from each J-hook.2) Insert hooks with remaining washer and nut into the

holes inside the bucket on the bottom edges.3) Replace washer and nut on each hook outside the

bucket and hand tighten. 4) Put rubber band over 1 hook, pass it thru the “eye” of

the eye-bolt and over the other hook.5) Rotate hooks toward the sides of the bucket and

tighten securely in place.6) Remove knob, spacer, metal washer and 1 rubber

washer from eye-bolt.7) Insert eye-bolt, with remaining nut and washers thru

central hole in plastic sheet. 8) Replace rubber washer, metal washer, spacer and

knob. Hand tighten knob.9) Spread plastic sheet evenly around top of bucket so

that rubber band is slightly stretched. 10) Attach plastic sheet to top of bucket with large

cover/clamp ring.11) Trim plastic edge, if desired.

J-bolt

Cover/Clamp ring

Eye-bolt

Wooden knobWasherRubberPlasticRubberWasherNut

NutWasherBucket

WasherNut

Plastic sheet

Aero*Sci: Air Launcher



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Aero*Sci: Foam Plane Kit



Construct and fly elastic-powered foam airplanes

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WIN

G

TAILFU

SELAGE

AIRPLANE 1

Note: Wing and Tail Slots Should Match Foam Thickness

slot

slot


Make It Science

The Great Airplane Race (a.k.a., the Fantastic Foam Fling)Airplane 1 - Construction Instructions

(1) Cut out wing, tail and fuselage patterns and trace onto foam using a regular ballpoint pen.

(2) Cut out the foam shapes with sharp scissors.

(3) Carefully cut 3/8”-wide wing and tail slots in the airplane fuselage with a sharp knife.

(4) Gently squeeze the wing and tail sections through the corresponding slots in fuselage.

(5) Slide launch clip onto airplane nose and mark the hole location with a ballpoint pen.

(6) At the mark, gently force the tip of a ballpoint pen through the foam.

(7) Place launch collar on tip of pen and push pen back through foam, leaving the collar embedded in the foam.

(8) Slide launch clip over launch collar and pin in place with brass fastener. Bend over ends of fastener to secure in place.

(9) Attach binder clip to foam above launch clip. Optimize clip position for best flight.

(10) Attach rubber band to marker clip for use as a launcher.

wing

tail

fuselage

launch collar fastener

launch clip

markerrubber band

binder clip



steam idea book

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