steel coil

7/27/2019 STEEL COIL

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STEEL COIL PRODUCTION:A TO Z

MOHAMMAD HANIFF BIN MOHAMMAD AZMI

D20112056414

ISMAIL BIN IBRAHIM D20112056416

FAISYA BINTI MOHD SAAD D20112056417PAUL VOSKO ANAK RANGED D20121059016

MUHAMMAD FAIZ IZWAN BIN RAMLI D20121059020



INTRODUCTION

• Metal sheets in coil form are flat products wound into rolls and having a rectangular cross-section, the width of which is much larger than the thickness. A distinction is drawnbetween hot- and cold-rolled sheet.

• Hot-rolled sheet in coil form is produced from semi-finished products (slabs or billets),which are reduced to certain thicknesses by rolling and annealing and wound into a roll.

• Cold-rolled sheet in coil form is produced by removing rust from hot-rolled sheet by"pickling" it in a weak acid solution, then washing, brushing, drying, oiling and unrolling thesheet and finally performing cold-rolling by passing the sheet through a reducing mill under pressure and winding it into a roll. Cold-rolled steel is a more highly finished product andhas a smoother surface, greater dimensional accuracy (thickness, width, length) andgreater strength.

• Depending upon the material from which it is made, metal sheet is divided into thefollowing groups:

– Sheets made from carbon steels

– Sheets made from alloy steels

–

Sheets made from nonferrous metals and their alloys – Bimetallic plated sheets, i.e. sheets produced by bonding together two different metals

– Sheets with protective coatings, for example PVC or PE coated sheet or galvanized,tinned sheet



OTHER TYPE OF STEEL COIL

• A distinction is also drawn between the following types:

– Black plate (black iron sheet): hot-rolled, nondisabled sheet for second grade applications

placing no particular demands on surface quality

– Galvanized sheet: steel sheet with a zinc coating. The coating increases the utility value of the

sheet. In order to improve the durability of the zinc coating, hot-dip galvanized sheets are

reheated once more to approx. 600°C

– Corrugated sheet: corrugated rectangular sheets produced by rolling. Their utility value isincreased by subsequent galvanization Electric steel sheet: thin steel sheet alloyed with silicon

with special magnetic properties

– Tinplate: steel sheet coated with tin Tern plate: steel sheet with a lead-tin coating. Due to the

toxicity of lead, such sheet cannot be used as a packaging material for food products

– Stainless steel sheet (high-grade sheet): steel sheet made from alloy and nonalloy steel of high

purity which is consequently no rusting or resistant to heat or chemicals



METAL TYPE



CARBON STEEL

• AluminIum, Al 0.0600 - 1.25 %

• Boron, B 0.000500 - 0.00300 %

• Carbon, C 0.100 - 3.40 %

• Chromium, Cr 0.150 - 14.0 %

• Cobalt, Co 0.250 - 14.0 %

• Copper, Cu 0.100 - 0.350 %

• Iron, Fe 66.5 - 99.1 %• Manganese, Mn 0.100 - 13.0 %

• Molybdenum, Mo 0.100 - 10.5 %

• Nickel, Ni 0.150 - 10.0 %

• Phosphorous, P 0.0120 - 0.0500 %

• Silicon, Si 0.100 - 2.20 %

• Sulphur, S 0.00200 - 0.220 %

• Tungsten, W 0.250 - 13.0 %

• Vanadium, V 0.0700 - 14.5 %



ALLOY STEEL

• Aluminium, Al 0.0100 - 1.20 %

• Boron, B 0.000500 - 0.00600%

• Carbon, C 0.0300 - 1.29 %

• Chromium, Cr 0.130 - 5.50%

• Cobalt, Co 3.75 - 12.0%

•

Copper, Cu 0.100 - 1.50%• Hydrogen, H 0.00100 - 0.00250 % 0.00100 - 0.00250 % 100 % 63.0 - 100 %

• Manganese, Mn 0.100 - 3.00%

• Molybdenum, Mo 0.0600 - 4.80 %

• Nb + V 0.0200 - 0.150 %

• Nickel, N i 0.150 - 18.5 %

• Niobium, Nb (Columbium, Cb) 0.00500 - 0.150 %

• Nitrogen, N 0.00100 - 0.0300 %

• Oxygen, O 0.00250 - 0.100 %

• And many more…



GALVANIZED STEEL

• Carbon, C <= 0.15 %

• Copper, Cu <= 0.20 %

• Iron, Fe <= 99.4875 %

• Manganese, Mn <= 0.60 %

• Phosphorous, P <= 0.035 %

•

Sulphur, S <= 0.040 %



PRODUCTION LINE



ROLLING METAL WORKING



• In metalworking, rolling is a metal forming process inwhich metal stock is passed through a pair of rolls.Rolling is classified according to the temperature of the

metal rolled. If the temperature of the metal is aboveits recrystallization temperature, then the process istermed as hot rolling. If the temperature of the metalis below its recrystallization temperature, the process is

termed as cold rolling. In terms of usage, hot rollingprocesses more tonnage than any other manufacturingprocess, and cold rolling processes the most tonnageout of all cold working processes.

•

There are many types of rolling processes,including ring rolling, roll bending, roll forming, profilerolling, and controlled rolling.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalworking

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_forming

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recrystallization_(metallurgy)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_working

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_working

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recrystallization_(metallurgy)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_forming




HOT ROLLING MILL

• Hot rolling is a metalworking process that occurs above the recrystallizationtemperature of the material. After the grains deform during processing, theyrecrystallize, which maintains an equiaxed microstructure and prevents the metalfrom work hardening.

• Hot rolled products are available in five product groups:

– Formable

– Extra Formable

– Structural

– Carbon Hardness

• The temperature at which hot-rolling is completed results in an oxidized stripsurface. This oxide film is termed hot-mill scale.

• Pickling (acid) removes the hot-mill scale. Pickled strip is generally supplied oiledto preserve this surface finish.

• Skin passing is a light cold rolling operation which suppresses the appearance of stretcher strain and minimizes coil break during uncoiling and subsequentprocessing. The surface texture and flatness are improved by skin passing.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equiaxed

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microstructure

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microstructure

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equiaxed




Pickling



Skin Pass



COLD ROLLING MILL

• Cold rolling is accomplished by processing steel strip through a series of tandem

rolling mill stands. Each stand has vertically stacked rolls that are powered by hugemotors to impart high compressive stresses into the strip. Hot-rolled, pickled coils

are fed into the cold rolling mill from an entry-end reel and progressively reduced

in thickness in each stand to achieve the final desired thickness as the strip exits

the last stand. After the last stand, the strip is recoiled. At this point, the strip is

highly cold-worked and not very useful for most applications. It needs to be

annealed to soften the steel, and make it more formable.

• Another method of cold reduction is through the use of a reversing mill. In this

operation, the strip is passed back and forth between mandrels on each side of a

single or two-stand mill. The strip is reduced in thickness on each pass until the

final required thickness is attained. Typical percent cold reduction ranges from 60

to 80 percent; for example, reducing a hot rolled strip of 0.100-inch thick to a0.030-inch thickness results in 70 percent cold reduction



TEMPER MILL

• A temper mill is a steel sheet or steel plate

processing line composed of a horizontal

pass cold rolling mill stand, entry and

exit conveyor tables and upstream anddownstream equipment depending on the

design and nature of the processing system.

• The primary purpose of a temper mill is toimprove the surface finish on steel products

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_rolling

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milling_machine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyor_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_finish

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_finish

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyor_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milling_machine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_rolling

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel



• A temper mill is a finishing facility that processes steel in the form of sheet and

plate in order to give it added strength and uniform flatness to the surface. Themetal forming method at a temper mill involves rolling the sheets of steel through

what is known as a cold reducing process or temper pass. This increases the

density of the steel by reducing its overall thickness between usually 1.5% to 2%

without allowing the steel to spread out while under pressure. After steel has

passed through a temper mill, it is more useful and reliable in manufacturing

facilities that must shape it further or cut it with laser and plasma equipment.

• Metal forming using a temper mill is an important stage in the steel manufacturing

process. This is because milling work usually follows immediately after sheet or

plate steel has been annealed, fired, and cooled. The annealing process tends to

relieve micro-crystalline stress to such a degree in the steel that it displays a

tendency to bend in non-uniform ways. This propensity for stretching in someareas and not in others along the surface is what the temper mill eliminates by

reducing the steel volume by anywhere from 0.5% to 3.5% of its overall thickness.



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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8g6dsTZ-lM&feature=endscreen










PRODUCTION LINE



MILLING



UTILISATION OF STEEL COIL

• Automotive industry

• House ware

• Cookware

• Farming and Mining Sector

steel coil

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