steering & suspension
DESCRIPTION
suspensionTRANSCRIPT
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Suspension
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Suspension system perform 6 basic functions:
1. Maintain correct vehicle ride height
2. Reduce the effect of shock forces
3. Maintain correct wheel alignment
4. Support vehicle weight
5. Keep the tires in contact with the road
6. Control the vehicle's direction of travel
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Front Suspension Dependent Independent
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Dependent Front Suspension Dependent front suspension uses a solid
axle. Uses one steel or aluminum beam extending the width of the vehicle. The beam is held in place by leaf springs.
solid axle is only used on heavy trucks, and off-road vehicles
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Independent Front Suspension
Developed in the 1930's to improve vehicle ride control and riding comfort
wheels to respond individually to road conditions
sprung weight is reduced, creating a smoother ride.
Twin I-Beam, Type 1 Coil Spring, Type 2 Coil Spring, Torsion Bar, Double Wishbone,
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Twin I-Beam similar to the solid
axle improves ride and
handling load carrying ability used on pickups,
vans and four-wheel drive vehicles.
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Type 1 Coil Spring 2 upper control arms 2 lower control arms 2 steering knuckles 2 spindles 2 upper ball joints 2 lower ball joints bushings coil springs Shock Absorbers short-arm/long-arm,
or the parallel arm design
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Type 2 Coil Spring coil spring is mounted
on the upper control arm
top of the spring is attached to the frame.
upper ball joint receives the weight of the vehicle
and the force of the coil spring
makes it the load carrier
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Torsion Bar
no coil or leaf springs supports the vehicle
weight and absorbs the road shock
performs the same function as a coil spring:
supports the vehicle's weight
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Double Wishbone type of strut
suspension space saving benefits
of a strut of the parallel arm
suspension more aerodynamic
hoodline portion of the strut
forms a wishbone shape
does not rotate when the wheels turn
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Suspension Components
Springs Coil Leaf Torsion bar
Torsion Bar Suspension Systems*
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3 types of springs used on automobile suspensions
Lower Control Arm w/Strut rod
coil
leaf
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Suspension Components II
Shock Absorbers purpose *** Dampen spring oscillation Types
Direct acting Dual action telescopic
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ComponentsSpring
Stabilizer
Control Arm BushingControl Arm Ball
Joint
Shock
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•Components
•Upper Control Arm
Upper Control Arm Bushing
•Lower Control Arm•Lower Control Arm Bushing
•Stabilizer
•Strut Rod
•Upper Ball Joint
•Spindle/Knuckle
•Lower Ball Joint
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Springs Leaf
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Leaf Springs
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Springs Torsion Bars
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Springs Transverse
Torsion Bar
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Shock Absorbers Should not leak oil Stop bouncing
quickly SLA- Short Long
Arm
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Shock Absorbers
Shock Assist Gas Charged Air Shocks Shock Absorber
Ratio Electronically
Controlled Shocks
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Shocks
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Springs Spring Rate Jounce Rebound Sprung Weight Un-sprung Weight Coil Springs* Leaf Springs* Air Springs
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MacPherson Struts NO upper control Arm! Spring around a shock absorber
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Strut Construction
Rod Nut Bearing Plate Upper Spring
Seat Dust Shield Strut Shaft Lower Spring
Seat Strut Body
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Control Arms
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Ball Joints
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Rear Suspension System
Live Axle Semi-
Independent Independent
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Solid Axle, Coil Spring Suspension (live)
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Beam Axle, for FWD
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Modified Beam Axle
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Independent Rear Suspension
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Semi-Independent Semi-Independent Service
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Live-Axle Rear Suspension System Leaf Spring Coil Spring Live Axle Servicing
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Solid (Dummy) Axle
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Electronically Controlled Suspension Adaptive Suspension System Components
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Suspension Problems Toe Camber Caster
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Toe
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Camber
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Caster