Stefan Kinne MPI-Meteorology

Hamburg, Germany

REGION ality

ofEARLINET sites

site data and global modeling global modeling is done on +100km scales can (aerosol) site statistics be applied

for evaluation at a single grid-point ? for evaluations at many grid-points ?

use satellite data to decide (MISR aod)how does the 17.6 km value compare to regional meansat 100kmat 300kmat 500kmat 900km

quantify performance

only apply to data-pairs:

what is the average relative bias ?rel BIAS = ( (local - region) / local ) / # cases

what is the average relative error ?rel ERROR = ( abs(local - region) / local ) / #

selected thresholdsrel BIAS pass < +/- 10% < failrel ERROR pass < 30% < fail

relative bias100 km 300 km 500 km 900 km

Sofia -0.210 Sofia -0.079 Buchares -0.122 Buchares -0.130 Napoli -0.023 Buchares -0.072 Leipzig -0.035 Leipzig -0.041 Buchares -0.008 Napoli -0.063 Napoli -0.014 Belsk -0.006 Palaisea 0.001 Leipzig -0.027 Belsk -0.011 Napoli -0.002 ObsHaute 0.004 Madrid -0.013 Madrid -0.009 Evora 0.022 Hamburg 0.009 Minsk 0.003 Minsk 0.032 Palaisea 0.031 Evora 0.016 Belsk 0.005 Sofia 0.033 Minsk 0.044 Minsk 0.020 Palaisea 0.024 Palaisea 0.034 Cabauw 0.072 Belsk 0.020 Evora 0.043 Evora 0.045 Madrid 0.117 Cabauw 0.020 Hamburg 0.083 Cabauw 0.073 Sofia 0.117 Leipzig 0.021 Munich 0.092 Hamburg 0.115 Hamburg 0.126 Payerne 0.032 Cabauw 0.096 Thessalo 0.131 Ness_Zio 0.218 Linkopin 0.036 Thessalo 0.135 Munich 0.131 Thessalo 0.249 Athens 0.048 Payerne 0.155 Ness_Zio 0.240 Barcelon 0.274 Madrid 0.054 Alomar 0.191 Alomar 0.255 Lecce 0.305 Munich 0.067 Ness_Zio 0.206 Barcelon 0.276 Munich 0.311 Neuchate 0.070 Linkopin 0.218 Lecce 0.294 Alomar 0.311 Alomar 0.077 Barcelon 0.240 Payerne 0.305 Cork 0.340 Granada 0.101 Neuchate 0.251 Linkopin 0.324 Athens 0.407 Thessalo 0.109 Lecce 0.289 Cork 0.326 Payerne 0.444 Ness_Zio 0.136 Cork 0.301 Athens 0.404 Linkopin 0.456 Barcelon 0.144 Athens 0.350 Neuchate 0.418 Neuchate 0.516 Potenza 0.156 ObsHaute 0.598 Granada 0.745 Granada 0.724 Cork 0.197 Granada 0.605 ObsHaute 0.862 ObsHaute 1.009 Lecce 0.199 Potenza 0.845 Potenza 1.112 Potenza 1.148 LAquila 0.222 Ispra 0.898 LAquila 1.397 LAquila 1.489 Ispra 0.599 LAquila 1.181 Ispra 1.493 Ispra 3.069

relative error100 km 300 km 500 km 900 km

Evora 0.078 Minsk 0.161 Palaisea 0.192 Palaisea 0.200 Belsk 0.104 Palaisea 0.165 Evora 0.195 Leipzig 0.212 Alomar 0.112 Leipzig 0.169 Leipzig 0.195 Evora 0.226 Buchares 0.114 Belsk 0.169 Belsk 0.198 Belsk 0.242 Minsk 0.116 Evora 0.171 Minsk 0.215 Buchares 0.246 Leipzig 0.117 Buchares 0.178 Buchares 0.221 Minsk 0.249 Cabauw 0.128 Hamburg 0.234 Cabauw 0.264 Cabauw 0.285 Palaisea 0.129 Cabauw 0.237 Madrid 0.271 Hamburg 0.319 Hamburg 0.139 Madrid 0.240 Hamburg 0.274 Napoli 0.321 ObsHaute 0.144 Alomar 0.258 Napoli 0.301 Madrid 0.326 Linkopin 0.153 Munich 0.281 Munich 0.321 Ness_Zio 0.359 Madrid 0.180 Napoli 0.283 Sofia 0.327 Sofia 0.367 Munich 0.201 Linkopin 0.300 Alomar 0.330 Alomar 0.383 Athens 0.208 Ness_Zio 0.301 Ness_Zio 0.353 Lecce 0.419 Neuchate 0.209 Sofia 0.307 Thessalo 0.357 Munich 0.428 Payerne 0.211 Thessalo 0.332 Lecce 0.386 Thessalo 0.434 Napoli 0.214 Payerne 0.366 Linkopin 0.387 Barcelon 0.455 Ness_Zio 0.215 Lecce 0.366 Barcelon 0.433 Athens 0.497 Thessalo 0.225 Neuchate 0.367 Athens 0.481 Linkopin 0.498 Barcelon 0.250 Barcelon 0.375 Cork 0.485 Cork 0.530 Potenza 0.254 Cork 0.425 Payerne 0.500 Payerne 0.608 Sofia 0.271 Athens 0.439 Neuchate 0.530 Neuchate 0.656 Lecce 0.282 ObsHaute 0.626 Granada 0.832 Granada 0.827 Granada 0.291 Granada 0.695 ObsHaute 0.886 ObsHaute 1.038 Cork 0.321 Potenza 0.867 Potenza 1.126 Potenza 1.166 LAquila 0.360 Ispra 0.984 LAquila 1.443 LAquila 1.536 Ispra 0.638 LAquila 1.225 Ispra 1.649 Ispra 3.226

‘useful’ sites 100 km:

Paliseau, ObsHaute, Bucarest, Hamburg, Evora, Minsk, Belsk, Cabauw, Leipzig, Napoli, Payerne, Linkoeping, Athens, Madrid, Munich, Neuchatel, Alomar

300km: Minsk, Belsk, Madrid, Paliseau, Leipzig, Evora,

Napoli, Bucarest, Hamburg, Munich, Cabauw

500km: Madrid, Belsk, Napoli, Minsk, Sofia, Leipzig,

Paliseau, Evora, Cabauw

900km: Napoli, Belsk, Evora, Pali., Leipzig, Minsk, Cabauw

scoring … or not

100km

300km

500km

900km

more scores (1)

more scores (2)

more scores (3)

orography

is the s altitude different from the regional average altitude (z = z,site – z,region) ?

identify valley sites (- z) or elevated sites (+ z)

is the regional height altitude variability around a site significant (std.dev.) ?

identify sites with potential for local effects

- std. deviation of surrounding 1x1degree region

- std. deviation of surrounding 3x3 degree region

orography of Earlinet sitesvs 1x1deg region z(m) std(m) 3deg Abastuma 50 515

510 Alomar 235 145 170 Athens - 45 215 235 Barcelona - 70 115

215 Belsk 30 30 30 Bilthoven - 5 10 25 Bucarest - 45 60 166 Cabauw - 10 10 25 Cork - 45 45 55 Evora - 185 80 100 Garmisch - 700 495

440 Grenada 25 325

265 Hamburg 0 15

20 ObsHauteP - 85 290

315 Ispra - 625 435 490 JungfrauJ 2365 485

445

L’Aquila 40 345 255 Lecce - 15 35 140 Leipzig - 114 55 90 Linkoping - 25 35 40 Payerne - 400 365 390 Madrid - 105 185 170 Maisach - 275 205 330 Minsk 10 30 20 Munich - 230 220 330 Napoli - 175 240 235 NessZiona 75 85 205 Neuchatel - 370 345 380 Oxylithos - 30 200 220 Paliseau 50 35 40 Potenza 280 250 220 Sofia - 240 350 295 Thessalon - 395 325 326

‘orographic’ summary tested

site altitude vs regional (100km) altitude zregional (300km) altitude std deviation std

‘smooth’ sites (z <100m, std<100m) Belsk, Bilthoven, Cabauw, Cork, Hamburg,

Linkopoing, Minsk, Paliseau

‘acceptable’ sites (z <200m, std<200m) Bucarest, Evora, Lecce, Leipzig, Madrid

‘marginal’ sites (z <300m, std<300m) Alomar, Athens, Barcelona, Grenada, L’Aquila,

Munich, Napoli, Ness Ziona, Oxylithos, Potenza, Sofia