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6

Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec

Ay? Igre` Ofjgas, D`rry Ngrrhs, Nhjmf`i Nurpmy, fek Zfrfm Ehjmgis

0/0/60

Ztfbbhec Ahek`r



1

@x`juthv` Zunnfry

Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec hs f kyefnhj grcfehzfthge tmft prgvhk`s ngehtgrhec s`rvhj`s bgr

prgvhk`rs. S` jgetrfjt whtm k`fi`rs gb tm`s` fifrn syst`ns tg jgetrhaut` fkk`k suppgrt tg tm`hr

prgkujts. S` us` tm` ngst upkft`k t`jmegigcy tg rfphkiy fesw`r khstr`ss jfiis hejiukhec aurcifry, bhr`,

n`khjfi, fek khstr`ss jfiis. Gur `npigy``s fr` put tmrgucm f rhcgrgus trfhehec syst`n tmft fiigws tm`n

tg a` pr`pfr`k tg khr`jt tm`s` khstr`ss jfiis tg tm` jgrr`jt igjfi futmgrhty. Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` &

Ngehtgrhec pfrte`rs whtm `xhsthec fifrn syst`n jgnpfeh`s he grk`r tg prgvhk` fjjurft`, rìhfai`

r`spges`s tg tm` trhcc`rhec gb tm` fifrns.

Gur bfjhihth`s fr` gpè 1; mgurs, 3 kfys f w``d. S` aìh`v` tmft eg `n`rcèjy hs pifee`k. [mft‘s wmy w`

bhek ht f prhgrhty tg a` r`fkhiy fvfhifai`.

He grk`r bgr gur gp`rfthge tg rue snggtmiy, w` e``k `bbhjhèt, bgrwfrk-tmhedhec ̀ npigy``s. [m`

k`pfrtnèts whtmhe gur grcfehzfthge hejiuk` fjjguethec, munfe r`sgurj`s, sfi`s fek nfrd`thec,

r`spges` jèt`r stfbb, fek fe `x`juthv` t`fn. Ngst gb gur pgshthges fr` buii-thn`. Mgw`v`r, tm`r` fr` f

b`w pfrt-thn` pgshthges fvfhifai` whtm gur Justgn`r Z`rvhj` Q`pr`sètfthv` pgshthge fek gur Q`spges`

Jèt`r Zp`jhfihst pgshthge. A`jfus` w` fr` gpè 1; mgurs, 3 kfys f w``d w` e``k p`gpi` tg bhii he fiifvfhifai` mgurs.

Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec wfs bguek`k he 68=6 ay Qgefik Kfmi. Qgefik‘s bfnhiy mgn` jfucmt

ge bhr` wmè m` wfs oust 6: y`frs gik. Qgefik mhnsìb sfw mgw igec ht tggd bgr tm` bhr` k`pfrtnèt tg

smgw up a`jfus` gb kìfy`k r`spges` thn`s tg mhs bfnhiy‘s fifrn syst`n. Qgefik sfw tm` e``k bgr rfphk

r`spges`s he t`rns gb `n`rcèjy jfs`s, sg m` bguek`k Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec ft geiy 12

y`frs gik. Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec wfs bguek`k he Zyrfjus`, fek sthii r`nfhes he Zyrfjus` ft

66: Cr`è Ztr``t. [m` strft`cy mfs r`jètiy jmfec`k whtm tm` pusm tg `xpfek gut gb Zyrfjus` fek jgv`r

ngr` gb Jètrfi E`w Xgrd.



:

Nhsshge Ztft`nèt

Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec hs fe grcfehzfthge jgej`re`k whtm tm` qufihty gb s`rvhj` bgr gur

justgn`rs fs wìi fs tm` p`gpi` wmg rìy ge tm` rfphk r`spges` gb gur Q`spges` Jèt`r Zp`jhfihsts. Ht hs

gur kuty fs khstr`ss r`spgek`rs tg fiwfys a` fi`rt ft fey thn` bgr `n`rcèjy shtufthges fek a` fk`quftìy

`quhpp`k tg fjt upge tmgs` shtufthges. Gur `npigy``s fr` tm` ihb` bgrj` gb gur jgnpfey fek gur prhnfry

kuty hs tg èsur` tm`y fr` prgp`riy trfhe`k fek r`fky tg wgrd mfrk he grk`r tg fjmh`v` nfxhnun qufihty

gb wgrd. S` whii fiwfys a` tm`r` tg mìp he `n`rcèjy shtufthges!



;

Cgfis fek Gao`jthv`s

Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` fek Ngehtgrhec wfets tg a`jgn` f efthgefiiy r`jgcehzfai` grcfehzfthge. S` wfet

gur r`putfthge tg `xj``k htsìb, fek w` wfet gur jgnpfey tg a` jgeshk`r`k ge` gb tm` a`st r`spges`

jgnpfeh`s he tm` wgrik! Egt geiy kg w` wfet tg chv` qufihty r`suits tg gur jihèts, w` wfet tg prgt`jt tm`

p`gpi` wmg hestfii tm`s` fifrn syst`ns fek sfv` ihv`s. S` jgeshk`r gur jgnpfey‘s prgkujt ge` gb tm`

ngst hnpgrtfet prgkujts fvfhifai`. Gur cgfi hs tg p`rmfps jgetrfjt whtm fii gb tm` ifrc`st fifrn jgnpfeh`s

he tm` jguetry he grk`r tg pgshthvìy fbb`jt fs nfey ihv`s fs pgsshai`.

Gur `x`juthv` k`pfrtnèt hs ngst jgej`re`k whtm wmft hs a`st bgr Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` fek Ngehtgrhec

fs f wmgi`. Gur J@G hs jgej`re`k whtm mfvhec f pgshthv` arfek hnfc` fek prgkujhec tm` a`st prgkujt

pgsshai`. Gur JBG hs jgej`re`k whtm jutthec jgsts wm`r` pgsshai` fek fjjurftìy r`pgrthec bhefejhfi kftf.

Gur Munfe Q`sgurj`s Nfefc`r hs jgej`re`k whtm mhrhec qufihty `npigy``s fek hejr`fshec `npigy``

sfthsbfjthge fek r`kujhec turegv`r. Gur Q`spges` Jèt`r Khr`jtgr hs jgej`re`k whtm nfdhec sur` gur

r`spges` jèt`r hs rueehec snggtmiy fek nfdhec sur` tm` Q`spges` Jèt`r Zp`jhfihsts fr` fpprgprhftìy

trfhe`k he grk`r tg prgvhk` tm` a`st r`spges` s`rvhj` pgsshai`. Ifstiy, gur Khr`jtgr gb Zfi`s fek Nfrd`thec

hs ngst jgej`re`k whtm c`tthec Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` fek Ngehtgrhec‘s efn` gut tm`r` he f pgshthv` ihcmt,

fek jr`fthec ngr` jihèts bgr gur jgnpfey.

Gur fjjguethec k`pfrtnèt hs nfk` up gb pfyrgii, fjjguets r`j`hvfai`, fek fjjguets pfyfai`. [m`

fjjguethec k`pfrtnèt‘s cgfis fek gao`jthv`s fr` tg prgj`ss pfyrgii fjjurftìy fek quhjdiy, prgj`ss

hevghj`s ̀ bb`jthvìy fek pr`jhsìy, fek tg pfy gbb hejgnhec hevghj`s he thn` fek he r`cfrks tg wmhjm hevghj`s

fr` ngr` hnpgrtfet tg pfy gbb bhrst. [m` fjjguethec k`pfrtnèt‘s nfhe gao`jthv` hs tg nfd` sur` tmft eg

hevghj` cg`s uepfhk, fek tg fiwfys sèk gut thnìy r`nhek`rs tg gur justgn`rs.

Gur munfe r`sgurj`s k`pfrtnèt hs nfk` up gb f munfe r`sgurj` cè`rfihst, f aè`bhts fek

jgnpèsfthge sp`jhfihst, fek f tfièt nfefc`nèt fek r`jruhtnèt sp`jhfihst. [m` munfe r`sgurj`

k`pfrtnèt‘s cgfis fek gao`jthv`s fr` tg jgnpi`t` ji`rhjfi kuth`s fjjurftìy fek d``p fii pfp`rwgrd

grcfehz`k, tg d``p gur `npigy``‘s aè`bhts fek jgnpèsfthge bfhr jgnpfr`k tg tm`hr jurrèt degwi`kc`,sdhiis, fahihth`s, fek gtm`r jmfrfjt`rhsthjs, tg r`jruht tm` ngst qufihbh`k p`gpi` bgr gur pgshthges fek nfd`

sur` fii gb gur `npigy``s‘ trfhehec hs up tg kft`. [m` munfe r`sgurj` k`pfrtnèt‘s nfhe gao`jthv` hs tg

nfd` sur` tmft `npigy`` sfthsbfjthge hs fagv` =<% ft fii thn`s. [m` munfe r`sgurj` k`pfrtnèt kg`s

tmhs ay sèkhec gut ah-feeufi surv`ys ge wmft tm` `npigy``s tmhed gur jgnpfey jfe hnprgv` ge he nfdhec

tm`hr oga ngr` èogyfai`.

Gur r`spges` jèt`r k`pfrtnèt hs nfk` up gb tm` pgshthges gb r`spges` jèt`r sup`rvhsgr, r`spges`

jèt`r sp`jhfihst, e`twgrd fknhehstrftgr, sgbtwfr` khr`jtgr, fek sgbtwfr` k`vìgp`r. Gur r`spges` jèt`r

k`pfrtnèt‘s cgfis fek gao`jthv`s fr` tg gv`rs`` tm` rueehec gb tm` r`spges` jèt`r fs tg fssur` tmft ht

rues snggtmiy, tg r`j`hv` eg justgn`r jgnpifhets ge mgw tm`hr `xp`rhèj` whtm gur jgnpfey cg`s, tg

mfv` tm` e`twgrd e`v`r bfhi, fek tg upkft` gur jurrèt sgbtwfr` he grk`r tg fjmh`v` tm` e``ks gb gurjustgn`rs. [m` r`spges` jèt`r mgp`s tg fesw`r fek/gr nfd` ft i`fst :<< pmge` jfiis f kfy fek fbb`jt

`fjm fek `v`ry ge` gb tmgs` jfiis he f pgshthv` wfy. Fii pgshthges he tm` r`spges` jèt`r wgrd tgc`tm`r he

grk`r tg fjmh`v` tmhs cgfi.

Gur sfi`s fek nfrd`thec k`pfrtnèt hs nfk` up gb tm` pgshthges gb fjjguet nfefc`r, sfi`s

r`pr`sètfthv`, nfrd`thec jggrkheftgr, nfrd`thec jgesuitfet, fek justgn`r s`rvhj` r`pr`sètfthv`. [m`

sfi`s fek nfrd`thec k`pfrtnèt‘s cgfis fek gao`jthv`s fr` tg fjquhr` ft i`fst ge` e`w justgn`r f w``d,



0

tg jgn` up whtm f e`w igw-jgst nfrd`thec hk`f ft i`fst gej` f w``d, fek tg d``p fii justgn`rs wìi-

fkoust`k fek mfppy whtm tm`hr e`w prgkujt. [m` sfi`s fek nfrd`thec k`pfrtnèt‘s nfhe gao`jthv` hs tg

nfd` sur` tmft jgnpfeh`s fjrgss tm` efthge tmft sìi fifrn syst`ns mfv` m`frk gb Ztrgecwhek Q`spges`

& Ngehtgrhec, fek w` mgp` tg mfv` tmhs fjmh`v`k ay tm` èk gb 1<1<.



2

Grcfehzfthgefi Jmfrt

K`pfrtnèts?

@x`juthv`

J@G

JBG

Munfe Q`sgurj`s Nfefc`r

Q`spges` Jèt`r Khr`jtgr

Khr`jtgr gb Zfi`s fek Nfrd`thec

Fjjguethec

Zèhgr Fjjguetfet

\fyrgii

Fjjguets Q`j`hvfai`

Fjjguets \fyfai`

Munfe Q`sgurj`s

Munfe Q`sgurj`s Cè`rfihst

Aè`bhts fek Jgnpèsfthge Zp`jhfihst [fièt Nfefc`nèt fek Q`jruhtnèt Zp`jhfihst

Munfe Q`sgurj`s Fsshstfet

Q`spges` Jèt`r

Q`spges` Jèt`r Zup`rvhsgr

Q`spges` Jèt`r Zp`jhfihst

E`twgrd Fknhehstrftgr

Zgbtwfr` Khr`jtgr

Zgbtwfr` K`vìgp`r

Zfi`s & Nfrd`thec

Fjjguet Nfefc`r

Zfi`s Q`pr`sètfthv`

Nfrd`thec Jggrkheftgr

Nfrd`thec Jgesuitfet

Justgn`r Z`rvhj` Q`pr`sètfthv`



3



=

@npigyn`et Fppihjfthge



8



6<



66

Aè`bht \fjdfc`

@x`juthv`?

N`khjfi? \r`b`rr`k \rgvhk`r Grcfehzfthge - [m` hesurfej` jgnpfey e`cgthft`s f khsjguet whtm

sì`jt pmyshjhfes fek mgsphtfis. @npigy`` jmggs`s f prgvhk`r brgn pr`-fpprgv`k ihst. @npigy``

jfe sthii a` r`b`rr`k tg f sp`jhfihz`k pmyshjhfe ay tm` pr`-fpprgv`k prgvhk`r `htm`r whtmhe gr gutgb tm` pr`-fpprgv`k e`twgrd. @npigy`` pfys f jg-pfynèt bgr `fjm vhsht, fek tm` hesurfej`

jgv`rs tm` r`st. Ngetmiy jgetrhauthge nfk` ay ̀ npigy``.

g Fvfhifai` tg `npigy``, `npigy`` fek jmhikrè, `npigy`` fek spgus`, fek bfnhiy

jgv`rfc`.

g

@npigy``s fr` ̀ ihchai` tm` bhrst gb tm` ngetm fbt`r ge` ngetm gb s`rvhj`.

g $6< jg-pfy ̀ fjm vhsht tg f prgvhk`r.

Kètfi? Buiiy-Buek`k @npigy`r \ife - Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec jgv`rs tm` buii fnguet

gb kètfi jgsts. Ngetmiy jgetrhauthge nfk` ay ̀ npigy``.

g

Fvfhifai` tg `npigy``, `npigy`` fek jmhikrè, `npigy`` fek spgus`, fek bfnhiy

jgv`rfc`.

g @npigy``s fr` ̀ ihchai` tm` bhrst gb tm` ngetm fbt`r ge` ngetm gb s`rvhj`.

Bi`xhai` Zpèkhec Fjjguet? @npigy`` nfd`s f ngetmiy jgetrhauthge ge f pr`-tfx afshs hetg f

bi`xhai` spèkhec fjjguet. [mhs fjjguet jfe a` us`k tg jgv`r fkkhthgefi jgsts hevgiv`k whtm vhshge,

kètfi, fek n`khjfi. Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec pi`kc`s tg mfv` tm` nge`y ge mfek tg

r`hnaurs` `npigy``s bgr tm`s` `xpès`s.

g Fvfhifai` bgr agtm `npigy`` fek k`pèkèt jfr` spèkhec, whtm khbb`rèt nfxhnun

fjjgrkheciy.

g Qgiigv`r b`ftur` fvfhifai`.


Q`thr`nèt? ;<6(d) Nftjmhec - @npigy`` nfd`s f ngetmiy jgetrhauthge hetg tm` ;<6(d) fjjguet

whtm pr`-tfx `frehecs. Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec nftjm`s tmhs fnguet ay 0% ge f tfx-

k`kujthai` afshs.

g Fvfhifai` bgr `npigy``s.


g @npigy``s fr` ̀ ihchai` fbt`r shx ngetms gb s`rvhj`.

g Ah-feeufi èrgiinèt.

Ihb` Hesurfej`? @npigy``s jfe vgiuetfrhiy ̀ ergii. Ht hs jgnpi`tìy ̀ npigy`r pfhk.

g Ihnht`k tg f j`rtfhe fnguet gb jgv`rfc`.



61

g @npigy``s fr` ìhchai` hnn`khftìy.

Zmgrt-[`rn Khsfahihty? Q`quhr`k ay E`w Xgrd Ztft`. Ht hs jgnpi`tìy `npigy`r pfhk.

g

@npigy``s fr` ìhchai` hnn`khftìy.

\fhk [hn` Gbb fek Zhjd Kfys? @npigy`` stfrts gbb whtm bgurt`è kfys pfhk thn` gbb. Fs y`frs gb

s`rvhj` hs hejr`fs`k, tm` fnguet gb pfhk thn` gbb hs fisg hejr`fs`k.


g ’Ps` ht gr igs` ht„ - Eg rgiigv`r b`ftur` m`r`. [mhs hs he grk`r tg hejr`fs` `npigy``

sfthsbfjthge fek r`kuj` str`ss.

g Fjjru`k fbt`r tm` bhrst gb tm` ngetm fbt`r ge` ngetm gb s`rvhj`.

g @npigy`` mfs bgur shjd kfys fvfhifai` `v`ry shx ngetms. [mhs wguik egt a` suatrfjt`k

brgn tmft `npigy``‘s pfhk thn` gbb fnguet.

Mgihkfys? Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec r`jgcehz`s shx jgnpfey pfhk mgihkfys. [m`s`mgihkfys hejiuk`? E`w X`fr‘s Kfy, N`ngrhfi Kfy, Hek`pèkèj` Kfy, Ifagr Kfy, [mfedschvhec Kfy,

fek Jmrhstnfs Kfy. Ge tm`s` kfys, `npigy``s fr` `xp`jt`k egt tg r`pgrt tg wgrd.

g He t`rns gb fe `npigy``‘s aìh`bs, fe `npigy`` mfs tm` rhcmt tg suanht f r`qu`st bgr f

mgihkfy egt ihst`k tg a` jgeshk`r`k f pfhk mgihkfy. Hb tmhs mgihkfy hs fpprgv`k, tm`

`npigy`` whii tmè mfv` tg sì`jt ge` gb tm` shx mgihkfys ihst`k tg r`ngv` brgn tm`hr pfhk

mgihkfys gbb he grk`r tg r`j`hv` tm` e`w mgihkfy gbb.

Bi`xthn`? @npigy``s jfe suanht f prgpgsfi tg tm`hr sup`rvhsgr fsdhec bgr bi`xthn`. [m` `npigy``

whii sthii wgrd tm` sfn` fnguet gb mgurs, aut tm` rfec` gb mgurs jfe a` jmfec`k.

g

[ì`jgnnuthec bgr ge` kfy f w``d hs fisg hejiuk`k he tm` bi`xthn` fcr``nèt. [mhs kfynust a` pr`-fpprgv`k ay f sup`rvhsgr fek wgrd nust a` jgnpi`t`k he Ztrgecwhek

Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec‘s ngehtgr`k e`twgrd.

[uhthge Q`hnaurs`nèt? @npigy``s jfe tfd` jifss`s ft fe fpprgv`k uehv`rshty. @npigy`r whii

r`hnaurs` tm` jgst gb tm` jgurs` ay 3<%.

g Nust r`j`hv` fe ’F„ crfk` he tm` pfrthjuifr jgurs`.

g Jifss nust a` rìft`k tg pgshthge mìk ft Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec, gr rìft`k

tg f pgshthge tm` `npigy`` wguik ihd` tg a` he ft Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec.

g Hb ̀ npigy`` i`fv`s Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec whtmhe ge` y`fr fbt`r pfrtfdhec he

tm` tuhthge r`hnaurs`nèt pife, `npigy`` whii mfv` tg pfy Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` &

Ngehtgrhec tm` buii fnguet gb tm` jgst gb tm` jgurs`.

Fkkhthgefi Aè`bhts?

g Jgnpfey Jfrk? [g a` us`k bgr aushe`ss purpgs`s. [mhs hejiuk`s aut hs egt ihnht`k tg

aushe`ss iuejm`s, cfs pfynèts, trfvì `xpès`s, fek gbbhj` suppih`s. Q`j`hpts nust a`

sfv`k ay tm` `npigy`` fek ture`k hetg fjjguets pfyfai`.



6:

g Ztgjd Gpthge? @npigy`` mfs tm` gpthge gb k`jhkhec tg auy Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` &

Ngehtgrhec stgjd he grk`r tg mfv` ngr` gb f sfy he tm` jgnpfey.

Nfefc`nèt?



jfe sthii a` r`b`rr`k tg f sp`jhfihz`k pmyshjhfe ay tm` pr`-fpprgv`k prgvhk`r `htm r̀ whtmhe gr gut

gb tm` pr`-fpprgv`k e`twgrd. @npigy`` pfys f jg-pfynèt bgr `fjm vhsht, fek tm` hesurfej`


g

Fvfhifai` tg `npigy``, `npigy`` fek jmhikrè, `npigy`` fek spgus`, fek bfnhiy

jgv`rfc`.


g

$60 jg-pfy ̀ fjm vhsht tg f prgvhk`r.

Kètfi? \frthfiiy-Buek`k @npigy`r \ife - Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec jgv`rs up tg =<% gb

`npigy`` kètfi jgsts. [m` ̀ npigy`` hs r`spgeshai` bgr tm` r`st gb tm` jgst. Ngetmiy jgetrhauthge

nfk` ay `npigy``.


jgv`rfc`.







fjjgrkheciy.




whtm pr`-tfx `frehecs. Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec nftjm`s tmhs fnguet ay :% ge f tfx-

k`kujthai` afshs.







6;



g

@npigy``s fr` ìhchai` hnn`khftìy.



\fhk [hn` Gbb fek Zhjd Kfys? @npigy``s stfrt gbb whtm tè kfys pfhk thn` gbb. Fs y`frs gb s`rvhj` hs

hejr`fs`k, tm` fnguet gb pfhk thn` gbb hs fisg hejr`fs`k.





g

@npigy`` mfs tmr`` shjd kfys fvfhifai` `v`ry shx ngetms. [mhs wguik egt a` suatrfjt`k

brgn tmft `npigy``‘s pfhk thn` gbb fnguet.

Mgihkfys? Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec r`jgcehz`s shx jgnpfey pfhk mgihkfys. [m`s`

mgihkfys hejiuk`? E`w X`fr‘s Kfy, N`ngrhfi Kfy, Hek`pèkèj` Kfy, Ifagr Kfy, [mfedschvhec Kfy,

fek Jmrhstnfs Kfy.

g He t`rns gb fe `npigy``‘s aìh`bs, fe `npigy`` mfs tm` rhcmt tg suanht f r`qu`st bgr f

mgihkfy egt ihst`k tg a` jgeshk`r`k f pfhk mgihkfy. Hb tmhs mgihkfy hs fpprgv`k, tm`

`npigy`` whii tmè mfv` tg sì`jt ge` gb tm` shx mgihkfys ihst`k tg r`ngv` brgn tm`hr pfhk


Bi`xthn`? @npigy``s jfe suanht f prgpgsfi tg tm`hr sup`rvhsgr fsdhec bgr bi`xthn`. [m` `npigy``


g [ì`jgnnuthec bgr ge` kfy f w``d hs fisg hejiuk`k he tm` bi`xthn` fcr``nèt. [mhs kfy

nust a` pr`-fpprgv`k ay f sup`rvhsgr fek wgrd nust a` jgnpi`t`k he Ztrgecwhek



r`hnaurs` tm` jgst gb tm` jgurs` ay 0<%.

g

Nust r`j`hv` fe ’F„ crfk` he tm` pfrthjuifr jgurs`.

g

Jifss nust a` rìft`k tg pgshthge mìk ft Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec, gr rìft`ktg f pgshthge tm` `npigy`` wguik ihd` tg a` he ft Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec.

g Hb `npigy`` i`fv`s Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec whtmhe ge` y`fr fbt`r pfrtfdhec he



Fkkhthgefi Aè`bhts?



60

g Jgnpfey Jfrk? [g a` us`k bgr aushe`ss purpgs`s. [mhs hejiuk`s aut hs egt ihnht`k tg

aushe`ss iuejm`s, cfs pfynèts, trfvì `xpès`s, fek gbbhj` suppih`s. Q`j`hpts nust a`

sfv`k ay tm` `npigy`` fek ture`k hetg fjjguets pfyfai`.

g Ztgjd Gpthge? @npigy`` mfs tm` gpthge gb k`jhkhec tg auy Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` &

Ngehtgrhec stgjd he grk`r tg mfv` ngr` gb f sfy he tm` jgnpfey.

Zfifry (fek Mguriy wmg fv`rfc` :0 mgurs/w``d)?



jfe sthii a` r`b`rr`k tg f sp`jhfihz`k pmyshjhfe ay tm` pr`-fpprgv`k prgvhk`r `htm r̀ whtmhe gr gut

gb tm` pr`-fpprgv`k e`twgrd. @npigy`` pfys f jg-pfynèt bgr `fjm vhsht, fek tm` hesurfej`



jgv`rfc`.


g

$1< jg-pfy ̀ fjm vhsht tg f prgvhk`r.

Kètfi? \frthfiiy-Buek`k @npigy`r \ife - Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec jgv`rs up tg 2<% gb

`npigy`` kètfi jgsts. [m` `npigy`` hs r`spgeshai` bgr tm` r`st gb tm` jgst. Ngetmiy jgetrhauthge

nfk` ay `npigy``.


jgv`rfc`.

g







fjjgrkheciy.


g



whtm pr`-tfx `frehecs. Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec nftjm`s tmhs fnguet ay 1% ge f tfx-

k`kujthai` afshs.


g

Qgiigv`r b`ftur` fvfhifai`.



62








\fhk [hn` Gbb fek Zhjd Kfys? @npigy``s stfrt gbb whtm s`vè kfys pfhk thn` gbb. Fs y`frs gb s`rvhj`

hs hejr`fs`k, tm` fnguet gb pfhk thn` gbb hs fisg hejr`fs`k.





g @npigy`` mfs twg shjd kfys fvfhifai` ̀ v`ry shx ngetms. [mhs wguik egt a` suatrfjt`k brgn

tmft ̀ npigy``‘s pfhk thn` gbb fnguet.

Mgihkfys? Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec r`jgcehz`s shx jgnpfey pfhk mgihkfys. [m`s`

mgihkfys hejiuk`? E`w X`fr‘s Kfy, N`ngrhfi Kfy, Hek`pèkèj` Kfy, Ifagr Kfy, [mfedschvhec Kfy,

fek Jmrhstnfs Kfy.

g

He t`rns gb fe `npigy``‘s aìh`bs, fe `npigy`` mfs tm` rhcmt tg suanht f r`qu`st bgr f

mgihkfy egt ihst`k tg a` jgeshk`r`k f pfhk mgihkfy. Hb tmhs mgihkfy hs fpprgv`k, tm``npigy`` whii tmè mfv` tg sì`jt ge` gb tm` shx mgihkfys ihst`k tg r`ngv` brgn tm`hr pfhk


Bi`xthn ?̀ @npigy``s jfe suanht f prgpgsfi tg tm`hr sup`rvhsgr fsdhec bgr bi`xthn`. [m` ̀ npigy``


g

[ì`jgnnuthec bgr ge` kfy f w``d hs fisg hejiuk`k he tm` bi`xthn` fcr``nèt. [mhs kfy

nust a` pr`-fpprgv`k ay f sup`rvhsgr fek wgrd nust a` jgnpi`t`k he Ztrgecwhek



r`hnaurs` tm` jgst gb tm` jgurs` ay ;<%.

g Nust r`j`hv` fe ’F„ crfk` he tm` pfrthjuifr jgurs`.

g

Jifss nust a` rìft`k tg pgshthge mìk ft Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec, gr rìft`k

tg f pgshthge tm` `npigy`` wguik ihd` tg a` he ft Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec.



63

g Hb ̀ npigy`` i`fv`s Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec whtmhe ge` y`fr fbt`r pfrtfdhec he





6=

Zfifrh`s

K`pfrtnèts fek \gshthges \gtèthfi Zfifry Fnguet

@x`juthv`

J@G $6:<,<<<-$1<<,<<<

JBG $=:,<<<-$6<:,<<<Munfe Q`sgurj`s Nfefc`r $=<,<<<-$6<<,<<<

Q`spges` Jèt`r Khr`jtgr $30,<<<-$8<,<<<

Khr`jtgr gb Zfi`s fek Nfrd`thec $=<,<<<-$6<<,<<<

Fjjguethec

Zèhgr Fjjguetfet $20,<<<-$3<,<<<

\fyrgii $::,<<<-$:3,<<<

Fjjguets Q j̀`hvfai` Zp`jhfihst $:8,<<<-$06,<<<

Fjjguets \fyfai` Zp`jhfihst $:8,<<<-$06,<<<

Munfe Q`sgurj`s

Munfe Q`sgurj`s Cè`rfihst $:8,<<<-$06,<<<Aè`bhts fek Jgnpèsfthge Zp`jhfihst $;6,<<<-$0:,<<<

[fièt Nfefc`nèt fek Q`jruhtnèt Zp`jhfihst $:2,<<<-$;2,<<<

Munfe Q`sgurj`s Fsshstfet $:<,<<<-$:;,<<<

Q`spges` Jèt`r

Q`spges` Jèt`r Zup`rvhsgr $::,<<<-$:3,<<<

Q`spges` Jèt`r Zp`jhfihst $66-$6; p`r mgur

E`twgrd Fknhehstrftgr $00,<<<-$20,<<<

Zgbtwfr` Khr`jtgr $6<<,<<<-$61<,<<<

Zgbtwfr` K`vìgp`r $30,<<<-$80,<<<

Zfi`s fek Nfrd`thec Fjjguet Nfefc`r $;<,<<<-$;0,<<<

Zfi`s Q`pr`sètfthv` $1<,<<< afs` + jgnnhsshge

Nfrd`thec Jggrkheftgr $;=,<<<-$2<,<<<

Nfrd`thec Jgesuitfet $::,<<<-$;1,<<<

Justgn`r Z`rvhj` Q`pr`sètfthv` $61-$60 p`r mgur

*Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` fek Ngehtgrhec mfs ì`jt`k tg put bgrtm f pfy i`fk`r pgihjy wm`r`fppihjfai` he grk`r tg r`jruht r`tfhe mhcm-i`vì tfièt.

*Afs`k gbb gb Cifsskggr fv`rfc` sfifrh`s ay oga pgshthge fek fr`f.



68

\gihjh`s fek \rgj`kur`s

6. Mgihkfys fek Mgihkfy \fy? Zhej` Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec hs k`khjft`k tg fiwfys a`hec

tm`r` bgr gur justgn`rs fek hs gpè 1; mgurs 3 kfys f w``d, Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec

whii a` gpè ge mgihkfys. Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec r`jgcehz`s 2 pfhk mgihkfys? E`w

X`fr‘s Kfy, N`ngrhfi Kfy, Hek`pèkèj` Kfy, Ifagr Kfy, [mfedschvhec Kfy, fek Jmrhstnfs Kfy.

Ge tm`s` kfys, `npigy``s whii a` `xp`jt`k tg wgrd. [g r`wfrk gur `npigy``s bgr tfdhec thn`

fwfy brgn tm`hr bfnhih`s ge tm`s` mgihkfys he grk`r tg mìp aè`bht tm` jgnpfey, gur `npigy``s

wmg wgrd ge tm`s` kfys whii a` jgnpèsft`k whtm mgihkfy pfy. Mgihkfy pfy bgr mguriy `npigy``s

whii a` thn` fek f mfib. N`fehec, bgr `v`ry mgur tmft tm` `npigy`` wgrds, tm`y whii c`t pfhk fe

`xtrf mfib mgur gb tm`hr s`t wfc`. Mguriy `npigy``s wmg wgrd ge mgihkfys whii fisg r`j`hv` f chbt

jfrk bgr $10. Mgihkfy pfy bgr sfifrh`k `npigy``s whii c`t f ageus gb $6<< gb wgrdhec ge f mgihkfy

fek stfyhec bgr f nhehnun gb 2 mgurs.

1. Gv`rthn` \fy? Mguriy ̀ npigy``s wmg wgrd gv`r ;< mgurs (fjjgrkhec tg tm` Bfhr Ifagr Ztfekfrks

Fjt) he ge` w``d whii r`j`hv` gv`rthn` pfy. Gej` fe `npigy`` mhts tm` ;< mgur nfrd, `fjm

fkkhthgefi mgur wgrd`k bgr tmft w``d whii a` pfhk thn` fek f mfib. N`fehec, bgr `v`ry mgur tmft

tm` `npigy`` wgrds, tm`y whii c`t pfhk fe `xtrf mfib mgur gb tm`hr s`t wfc`. Hb he fey `vèt tmft

Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec hs smgrt ge tm` euna`r gb mguriy `npigy``s e``k`k bgr f

pfrthjuifr w``d, tm` `npigy``s jmgsè tg wgrd gv`rthn` mgurs whii a` phjd`k ku` tg sèhgrhty he

tmft pfrthjuifr pgshthge (mgw igec tm` ̀ npigy`` mfs wgrd`k he tm` pgshthge tm`y jurrètiy mgik).

:. \fhk [hn` Gbb ? He tm` `vèt tmft tgg nfey `npigy``s fsd gbb f pfrthjuifr kfy (sujm fs f mgihkfy),

tm` pfhk thn` gbb bgr tmft pfrthjuifr kfy whii a` r`wfrk`k tg tm` `npigy``s whtm tm` ngst sèhgrhty

(thn` spèt) he tm`hr jurrèt pgshthge. He sp`jhfi jfs`s, pfhk thn` gbb whii a` fwfrk`k ku` tg

nfefc`r khsjr`thge. \fhk thn` gbb r`qu`sts nust a` suanhtt`k whtmhe twg w``ds gb tm` upjgnhec

r`qu`st`k kfy, fek nfefc`rs nust `htm`r fjj`pt gr kèy tmft r`qu`st whtmhe 0 kfys gb r`j`hvhec

tm` r`qu`st. He r`cfrks tg mgihkfy pfhk thn` gbb r`qu`sts gr pgpuifr pfhk thn` gbb r`qu`sts,

nfefc`rs nust us` tm` sèhgrhty syst`n wmè nfdhec k`jhshges.

;. Kr`ss Jgk`? Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec wfets tg fpp`fr prgb`sshgefi ft fey i`vì he grk`r

tg fttrfjt fek r`tfhe justgn`rs. \rgb`sshgefi ftthr` hs r`quhr`k bgr fii `npigy``s. [mhs jfe hejiuk`

kr`ss pfets, sifjds, dmfdhs, kr`ss sdhrts tmft ih` oust fagv` tm` de``, aigus`s, suht ofjd`ts, auttge-

up smhrts, `tj`t`rf. He fkkhthge, igw-jut tgps, s``-tmrgucm nft`rhfi, sue-kr`ss`s, t``-smhrts, fek

smgrts fr` fii egt fjj`ptfai` fs prgb`sshgefi ftthr`. Nfefc`r khsjr`thge whii a` us`k he sp`jhfi

jfs`s. @npigy``s nfy egt mfv` fey bfjhfi ph`rjhecs. [fttggs, hb hefpprgprhft`, nust a` jgv`r`k.

0. Zuastfej` Faus` fek Zngdhec? Fii `npigy``s whii a` kruc-t`st`k wmè tm` `npigy`` hs gbb`r`k

fek fjj`pts tm` pgshthge4 Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec aìh`v`s he f kruc-br`` wgrdpifj`.

A`jfus` gb tmhs, tm`r` whii a` rfekgn kruc t`sts jgekujt`k `v`ry ngetm. 0 `npigy``s whii a`jmgsè ft rfekgn bgr ngetmiy kruc sjr`èhecs. Hb f kruc t`st hs bguek pgshthv`, tm` `npigy`` whii

a` t`rnheft`k. Hb f kruc t`st hs bguek hejgejiushv`, tm` `npigy`` whii a` fai` tg r`tfd` tm` kruc

t`st. Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec fisg aìh`v`s he f sngd`-br`` wgrdpifj`, sg eg sngd`

ar`fds whii a` p`rnhtt`k. Mgw`v`r, `npigy``s whii a` p`rnhtt`k tg sngd` ge tm`hr s`t ar`fd

fek/gr iuejm ar`fd fjjgrkheciy. Zngdhec nust tfd` pifj` ft i`fst 60 b``t fwfy brgn tm` auhikhec.



1<

2. Afjdcrguek Jm`jd? Fii `npigy``s whii mfv` f afjdcrguek jm`jd jgnpi`t`k wmè tm` `npigy``

hs gbb`r`k fek fjj`pts tm` pgshthge. Nfefc`r khsjr`thge whii a` us`k wmè nfdhec k`jhshges fagut

tm` afjdcrguek jm`jd. Hb tm` nfefc`r k`jhk`s tmft tm` afjdcrguek jm`jd ge tm` `npigy`` wfs

tgg `xtèshv`, tm` gbb`r whii a` r`trfjt`k.



16

Gutihe` gb K`pfrtnèts

6. @x`juthv` [`fn (J@G he Jmfrc`)

1.

Fjjguethec (JBG he Jmfrc`)

:. Munfe Q`sgurj`s (Munfe Q`sgurj`s Nfefc`r he Jmfrc`)

;. Q`spges` Jèt`r (Q`spges` Jèt`r Khr`jtgr he Jmfrc`)

0.

Zfi`s fek Nfrd`thec (Khr`jtgr gb Zfi`s fek Nfrd`thec he Jmfrc`)



11

Ztfbbhec E``ks & I`vìs

K`pfrtnèt Ztfbbhec E``ks/I`vìs

@x`juthv` 0

J@G 6

JBG 6Munfe Q`sgurj`s Nfefc`r 6

Q`spges` Jèt`r Khr`jtgr 6

Khr`jtgr gb Zfi`s & Nfrd`thec 6

Fjjguethec ;

Zèhgr Fjjguetfet 6

\fyrgii 6

Fjjguets Q j̀`hvfai` 6

Fjjguets \fyfai` 6

Munfe Q`sgurj`s ;

Munfe Q`sgurj`s Cè`rfihst 6

Aè`bhts fek Jgnpèsfthge Zp`jhfihst 6

[fièt Nfefc`nèt fek Q`jruhtnèt Zp`jhfihst 6

Munfe Q`sgurj`s Fsshstfet 6

Q`spges` Jèt`r 16<

Q`spges` Jèt`r Zup`rvhsgr 6=

Q`spges` Jèt`r Zp`jhfihst 60< buii-thn` 60 pfrt-thn`

E`twgrd Fknhehstrftgr 60

Zgbtwfr` Khr`jtgr 1

Zgbtwfr` K`vìgp`r 6<

Zfi`s fek Nfrd`thec :3

Fjjguet Nfefc`r 6

Zfi`s Q`pr`sètfthv` :

Nfrd`thec Jggrkheftgr 6

Nfrd`thec Jgesuitfet 1

Justgn`r Z`rvhj` Q`pr`sètfthv` :<



1:

Oga Fkv`rths`nèts

Mguriy @npigy``s [m` aruet gb gur wgrdbgrj` hs nfk` up ay gur Q`spges` Jèt`r Zp`jhfihsts fek gur Justgn`r Z`rvhj`

Q`pr`sètfthv`s. [m` rìfthvìy igw i`vì gb `xp`rhèj` fek sdhiis e``k`k tg stfbb tm`s` pgshthges n`fe

tmft w` jfe fttrfjt prhnfrhiy brgn tm` igjfi fr`f. Gur [fièt Nfefc`nèt fek Q`jruhtnèt Zp`jhfihst whiifttèk igjfi oga bfhrs tg hejr`fs` fr`f fwfrè`ss gb gur grcfehzfthge. [g fttrfjt tm`s` `npigy``s,

fkv`rths`nèts whii a` pifj`k he tm` snfii`r igjfi pfp`rs, tmft w` wguik egt us` bgr sfifrh`k pgshthges.

Zfifrh`k @npigy``s

S` r`jgcehz` tmft r`jruhthec bgr igjfi `npigy``s jfe tfd` pifj` prhnfrhiy igjfiiy, wm`r`fs mhcm`r-i`vì

pgshthges jfe a`jgn` ngr` gb f efthgefi s`frjm. A`jfus` gb tmhs, w` mfv` k`jhk`k tg fkv`rths` bgr gur

pgshthges he tm` Zyrfjus` igjfi e`wspfp`r, ge Hek``k.jgn, ge Ngest`r.jgn, ge Cifsskggr.jgn, fek ge

ZhnpiyMhr`k.jgn. [g fttrfjt r`jèt jgii`c` crfkuft`s gur [fièt Nfefc`nèt fek Q`jruhtnèt Zp`jhfihst

whii trfvì tg he-stft` jgii`c`s fek uehv`rshth`s. Smè mhrhec bgr `x`juthv` i`vì rgi`s w` r`fihz` tmft w`

whii mfv` tg argfkè gur s`frjm tg bhek tm` a`st qufihbh`k jfekhkft`, whtm tm` pgsshahihty gb stfbb trfvìhec

tg n``t pgtèthfi jfekhkft`s.

Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec fkv`rths`s bgr vfjfet pgshthges ge hts jgnpfey wàsht`, ge

Hek``k.jgn, ge Ngest`r.jgn, ge Cifsskggr.jgn, ge ZhnpiyMhr`k.jgn, fek he Zyrfjus`‘s igjfi e`wspfp`r.



1;



10

Oga K`sjrhpthge



12



13

Ztrujtur`k Het`rvh`w Vu`sthges

Kft`?

[hn`?

Efn` gb Het`rvh`w``?

Efn` gb Het`rvh`w`r(s) fek [hti`(s)?

Fjjguet Nfefc`r Ztrujtur`k Het`rvh`w Vu`sthges

6. Smft kg ygu degw fagut Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec7

1.

Smy kg ygu wfet tg wgrd bgr Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec7

:. Smft dhek gb ̀ xp`rhèj` kg ygu mfv` he nfefc`nèt pgshthges7

;. Smft dhek gb `xp`rhèj` kg ygu mfv` he sfi`s7

0. Smft hs tm` khbb`rèj` a`tw`è nfrd`thec fek sìihec7

2. [ìi n`/us fagut f thn` wm`r` ygu k`vìgp`k f sujj`ssbui jihèt afs` bgr f jgnpfey7

3. Mfv` ygu ̀ v`r mfk f jihèt afs` tmft ygu mìp`k k`vìgp a` uesujj`ssbui7 Smy kg ygu tmhed tmft

wfs7

=.

[ìi n`/us fagut f thn` wm`r` ygu mfk tg khsjhpihe` fe `npigy``.

8. Mgw mfv` ygu ngthvft`k ygur `npigy``s he tm` pfst7

6<. [ìi us fagut f sfi`s jfnpfhce he wmhjm ygu mfk tg nfefc` fek jggrkheft` f khv`rs` t`fn gb

p`gpi`.



1=

66. [ìi us fagut f thn` wm`r` ygu bhehsm`k f sujj`ssbui sfi`s jfnpfhce ge f thcmt aukc`t.

61. Hb w` w`r` tg fsd ygur pfst `npigy`r fek `npigy``s fagut ygu, wmft wguik tm`y sfy7

6:.

Kg ygu mfv` fey e`w hk`fs bgr Ztrgecwhek Q`spges` & Ngehtgrhec he r`cfrks tg f sujj`ssbui sfi`s

jfnpfhce7

6;. [ìi us fagut f thn` wm`r` ygu jguik egt sujj`ssbuiiy fjquhr` f e`w justgn`r. Mgw khk ygu k`fi

whtm rò`jthge7

60.

Smft kg ygu tmhed fr` tm` ngst hnpgrtfet sdhiis bgr f Fjjguet Nfefc`r tg mfv`7 Kg ygu aìh`v`

ygu pgss`ss tm`s` sdhiis7

62. Smft kg ygu aìh`v` fr` tm` ahcc`st jmfiièc`s f Fjjguet Nfefc`r wguik bfj` ge f r`cuifr afshs7

63. Smft wguik ygu sfy ygur ahcc`st strèctms fek w`fde`ss`s fr`7

6=.

Smft kg/khk ygu ihd` fagut ygur jurrèt/pfst pgshthge7

68. Smy smguik w` mhr` ygu7

1<. Kg ygu mfv` fey qu`sthges fagut tm` pgshthge7



18

\`rbgrnfej` Q`vh`w Ztrft`cy

Gur jgnpfey r`jgcehz`s tm` hnpgrtfej` gb jgeshstèt p`rbgrnfej` fpprfhsfi he tm` sujj`ssbui

nfefc`nèt gb gur `npigy``s. [g a`tt`r r`jgcehz` tm` khbb`rèj`s he tm` pgshtge tm`r` fr` twg bgrns,

ge` bgr mguriy `npigy``s fek f s`jgek bgr sfifrh`k `npigy``s. D``phec whtm mgw hnpgrtfet w` b`ì tm`s`

r`vh`ws fr`, tm` rfhs`s bgr gur `npigy``s whii a` th`k tg mgw tm`y p`rbgrn ge tm`s` r`vh`ws. [m`s` r`vh`ws

whii fiigw tm` jgnpfey tg hkèthby `npigy``s wmg fr` struccihec, fek phepghet tm` fr`fs tm`y e``k crgwtm

fek wfys tmft tm`y jfe hnprgv`. Fii ̀ npigy``s fr` tg a` crfk`k ay tm`hr khr`jt sup`rvhsgr, fek mfv` f s`t

thn` wm`r` tmft sup`rvhsgr jfe r`vh`w tm` r`suits whtm tmft `npigy``. [m` fknhehstrfthge gb tm`s`

p`rbgrnfej` r`vh`w hs f r`spgeshahihty gb tm` [fièt Nfefc`nèt fek Q`jruhtnèt Zp`jhfihst whtmhe tm`

Munfe Q`sgurj`s k`pfrtnèt. [m`y whii èsur` tmft fii r`vh`ws fr` tfdhec pifj`, fs wìi fs a` he jmfrc`

gb tm` èt`rhec gb r`suits hetg tm` MQHZ.

[m` hehthfi r`vh`w whii a` chvè tg agtm sfifrh`k fek mguriy `npigy``s tmr`` ngetms brgn tm`hr bhrst kfy.

[mhs hs f sgrt gb ’prgafthgefry„ r`vh`w, fek whii egt mfv` fey sgrt gb pfy jges`quèj`s. [m` purpgs` gb

tmhs hehthfi r`vh`w hs tg s`` mgw `npigy``s fr` p`rbgrnhec, mfv` f bgrnfihz`k s`tthec wm`r` tm`y jfe smfr`

tm`hr b`ìhecs fagut tm` pgshthge, chv` nfefc`nèt fe hk`f bgr mgw tm`y jfe hnprgv` cghec bgrwfrk. Zhx

ngetms brgn tm`hr stfrt kft` whii nfrd tm` a`cheehec gb tm`hr r`cuifr p`rbgrnfej` r`vh`ws fek chv`s fe

gppgrtuehty tg r`vh`w tm` crgwtm brgn tm` hehthfi r`vh`w. Zhx ngetms brgn tm` s`jgek r`vh`w, fek

gjjurrhec ft gr e`fr fe `npigy``‘s ge`-y`fr s`rvhj` whtm tm` jgnpfey, whii a` f p`rbgrnfej` r`vh`w

strgec p`rbgrnfej` ft wmhjm tm` `npigy`` whii a` fai` tg hejr`fs` tm`hr pfy rft`. [m` r`vh`ws whii

jgetheu` ge f twhj` y`friy afshs, whtm `v`ry gtm`r tm` `npigy`` ìhchai` tg r`j`hv` f rfhs` ft, fs igec fs

tm` `npigy`` stfys he tmft sfn` pgshtge. @npigy``s wmg ngv` hetg f e`w pgshtge whii mfv` tm`hr jigjd

’r`s`t„ fek whii mfv` f ’prgafthgefry„ r`vh`w tmr`` ngetms fbt`r stfrthec tm` e`w pgshtge. [m`

fknhehstrfthge gb tm`s` t`sts whii a` hkèthjfi, whtm tm` khbb`rèj`s iyhec he mgw `npigy``s fr` `bb`jt`k

ay tm` sjgr` gb tm`hr ̀ vfiufthge.

Mguriy @npigy`` Q`vh`w

[m` mguriy `npigy`` p`rbgrnfej` r`vh`w crfk`s `npigy``s ge f sjfi` gb 6-0, 6 a`hec pggr fek 0 a`hec

`xjìièt. @npigy``s fr` chvè f eun`rhjfi crfk` fek jgnnèts ge shx fr`fs fs wìi fs fe gv`rfii sjgr`.

Fe `npigy`` wmg sjgr`s fe gv`rfii rfthec a`tw`è :.<-:.;8 whii a` chvè f 0< jèt rfhs` tg tm`hr mguriy

wfc`. Fe ̀ npigy`` wmg sjgr`s fe gv`rfii rfthec a`tw`è :.0-;.;8 whii r`j`hv` f 30 jèt rfhs`. @npigy``s

whtm fe fv`rfc` sjgr` fagv` ;.0 whii r`j`hv` f $6 rfhs` tg tm`hr wfc`. Zup`rvhsgrs whii a` fkvhs`k tmft

rfthecs gb 0 smguik geiy a` chvè tg fr`fs wm`r` `npigy``s mfv` cge` fagv` fek a`ygek, fs wìi fs

èjgurfc` tmgs` r`j`hvhec tm` mhcm`st sjgr`s tg jgeshk`r mhcm`r pgshthges. Bgiigwhec tm` sjgrhec,

sup`rvhsgrs fr` èjgurfc`k tg k`vìgp f s`t gb cgfis bgr tm`hr `npigy``s tg fjjgnpihsm ay tm` e`xt

r`vh`whec p`rhgk.

Zfifry @npigy`` Q`vh`w

[m` sfifrh`k `npigy`` p`rbgrnfej` r`vh`w hs nujm ngr` `xtèshv` tmfe tm` mguriy ge`, aut sthii crfk`s

`npigy``s ge f sjfi` gb 6-0. He fkkhthge tm` sfifrh`k r`vh`w mfs s`jthges geiy tg a` bhii`k he bgr tmgs`

`npigy``s whtm sup`rvhsgry r`spgeshahihth`s. Fe `npigy`` wmg sjgr`s fe gv`rfii rfthec a`tw`è :.<-:.;8

whii a` chvè f 1% rfhs` tg tm`hr sfifry. Fe `npigy`` wmg sjgr`s fe gv`rfii rfthec a`tw`è :.0-;.;8 whii



:<

r`j`hv` f :.0% rfhs`. @npigy``s whtm fe fv`rfc` sjgr` fagv` ;.0 whii r`j`hv` f 0% rfhs` tg tm`hr wfc`. Fs

fagv` sup`rvhsgrs fr` `ejgurfc`k tg chv` 0 geiy tg tm`hr mhcm`st p`rbgrnhec `npigy``s.



:6



:1



::



:;



:0

Q`b`rèj` \fc`

[m`s` fr` tm` sgurj`s w` us`k tg mìp k`vìgp gur sfifrh`s/jgnpèsfthge bgr `fjm pgshthge?

cifsskggr . cifsskggr, hej., e.k. Sà. 60 Fpr. 1<60. 9mttp?//www.cifsskggr.jgn/hek`x.mtn5.

G*E@[ GeIhe`. G*E@[, e.k. Sà. 60 Fpr. 1<60. 9mttps?//www.ge`tgeihe`.grc/5.

[m`s` fr` tm` sgurj`s w` us`k tg mìp k`vìgp gur oga k`sjrhpthges bgr ̀ fjm pgshthge?

Jfr``rAuhik`r . Jfr``rAuhik`r, e.k. Sà. 6< Fpr. 1<60. 9mttp?//www.jfr``rauhik`r.jgn/5.

Jmrge. Jmrge, e.k. Sà. 6< Fpr. 1<60. 9mttp?//www.jmrge.jgn/5.

G*E@[ GeIhe`. G*E@[, e.k. Sà. 60 Fpr. 1<60. 9mttps?//www.ge`tgeihe`.grc/5.

Ngest`r Ogas. Ngest`r, e.k. Sà. 6< Fpr. 1<60. 9mttp?//www.ngest`r.jgn/5.

ZMQN Geihe`. ZMQN, e.k. Sà. 6< Fpr. 1<60. 9mttp?//www.smrn.grc/pfc`s/k`bfuit.fspx5.

[m`s` fr` tm` sgurj`s w` us`k tg mìp k`vìgp gur aè`bhts pfjdfc`?

"Mgw tg Auhik f Jgnp`ththv` @npigy`` Aè`bhts \fjdfc`." Hej,. Hej., e.k. Sà. : Fpr. 1<60.

9mttp?//www.hej.jgn/cuhk`s/1<6</<;/gbb`rhec-jgnp`ththv`-`npigy``-aè`bhts.mtni5.

"[m` Afshjs gb @npigy`` Aè`bhts." @etr`prèu`r . @etr`pèu`r, e.k. Sà. : Fpr. 1<60.

9mttp?//www.ètr`prèùr.jgn/frthji`/=<60=5.

[mhs hs tm` sgurj` w` us`k tg mìp k`vìgp gur p`rbgrnfej` fpprfhsfis?



"\`rbgrnfej` Q`vh`w Bgrns." \`rbgrnfej` K`vìgpnèt . NH[, e.k. Sà. 1< Fpr. 1<60.

9mttp?//mrwà.nht.`ku/p`rbgrnfej`-k`vìgpnèt/bgrns/p`rbgrnfej`-r`vh`w-bgrns5.

[m`s` fr` tm` sgurj`s w` us`k tg mìp k`vìgp gur strujtur`k het`rvh`w qu`sthges?

Jmrge. Jmrge, e.k. Sà. 6< Fpr. 1<60. 9mttp?//www.jmrge.jgn/5.

ZMQN Geihe`. ZMQN, e.k. Sà. 6< Fpr. 1<60. 9mttp?//www.smrn.grc/pfc`s/k`bfuit.fspx5.

[mhs hs tm` sgurj` w` us`k tg afs` gur grcfehzfthge gbb gb?

Qfphk Q`spges` Ngehtgrhec. Qfphk Q`spges` Ngehtgrhec, e.k. Sà. : Nfr. 1<60.

9mttp?//www.rrns.jgn/#mgn`5.

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