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STRUCTURESTitle 20/04/23

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Mass and Atomic Mass and Atomic NumbersNumbers

Electron Electron ArrangementArrangement

© Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved. http://teachable.net/res.asp?r=1105

STRUCTURESCHARGES 20/04/23

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In an atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.

This means that, since there is a balance between the number of positive and negative subatomic particles, there is NO OVERALL CHARGE.

++

--

-

--

+++

BORON ATOM

No Charge5 Electrons

(5 Negatives)

5 Protons (5 Positives)


+

STRUCTURESEXAMPLES OF ATOMS 20/04/23

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PROTONS

NEUTRONS

ELECTRONS

6

6

6

MASS

CHARGE

12

0

CARBON

+ ++

++

-

- -

-

--



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PROTONS

NEUTRONS

ELECTRONS

11

12

11

MASS

CHARGE

23

0

SODIUM

++ ++

++

-

- -

-

--

-

--

- -

++

+ ++



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PROTONS

NEUTRONS

ELECTRONS

3

4

3

MASS

CHARGE

7

0

LITHIUM

++

--

-

+


STRUCTURESELECTRON ARRANGEMENT 20/04/23

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++ ++

++

-

- -

-

--

-

--

- -

++

+ ++

The electrons in atoms orbit the nucleus in orbits called SHELLS.

Each shell can hold a certain number of electrons.

The inner most shell is filled first, then the second, then the third etc.…… -

-

-

-

-

--

--

- -

- -

-

-

-

-

- -

- -

-- -

-


1st Shell can hold 2 e-.

2nd Shell can hold 8e-.

3rd Shell can hold 8e-.

4th Shell can hold 18e-.

STRUCTURESELECTRON ARRANGEMENT 20/04/23

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++ ++

++++

+ ++

--

- -

- -

-

-

-

-

- -

- -

-- -

-

- -

- -- -

- -- -

- -- -

- -- -

- -- -

- -- -

- -- -

- -- -

--


STRUCTURESPUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 20/04/23

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PROTONS

ELECTRONS

NEUTRONS

8

8

8

-

- -

-

--

- -

+

++

++

++

+

168

Oxygen is in GROUP 66 Electrons in outer shell!

Oxygen is in PERIOD 22 Shells required!!



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PROTONS

ELECTRONS

NEUTRONS

15

15

16

-

- -

-

--

- -

+

++

++

++

+

3115

Phosphorus is in GROUP 55 Electrons in outer shell!


-

-

+

++ +

+++

+

-

--

- -



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PROTONS

ELECTRONS

NEUTRONS

15

15

16

3115

2, 8, 5

Phosphorus is in GROUP 55 Electrons in outer shell!



STRUCTURESMASS NUMBER & ATOMIC NUMBER20/04/23

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Element Symbol

Atomic Number (Proton Number)

Mass Number

When looking at the periodic table of elements, three important pieces of information are given for each element.

All atoms of a particular element always have the same number of protons.


STRUCTURESATOMIC NUMBER 20/04/23

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The Atomic Number is the number of PROTONS in the atom for that particular element.

For example, Lithium has 3 PROTONS.

REMEMBER, Protons have a Positive charge….

…therefore it has a positive charge of +3.


STRUCTURESATOMIC NUMBER 20/04/23

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REMEMBER…

Atoms have an overall neutral charge.

Therefore a Lithium Atom must also have…..

…. 3 ELECTRONS (3+ and 3- = 0)


STRUCTURESATOMIC NUMBER EXAMPLE 20/04/23

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PROTONS

ELECTRONS

8

8

OXYGEN

++ +++

--

--

--

- -

+++


STRUCTURESATOMIC NUMBER QUESTIONS 20/04/23

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Basically, the Atomic Number tells us how many Protons there are and as a consequence the number of electrons in an atom.

PROTONS ELECTRONS

11 11SODIUM

2 2HELIUM

6 6CARBON

10 10NEON

1 1HYDROGEN

16 16SULPHUR


STRUCTURESMASS NUMBER 20/04/23

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Mass Number

The Mass Number tell us how heavy an atom of that element would be in ATOMIC UNITS.

For example, Lithium has a MASS of 7.

REMEMBER…

Only PROTONS and NEUTRONS have mass.


STRUCTURESMASS NUMBER 20/04/23

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Mass Number

The Mass Number must equal…

No. Protons + No. Neutrons.

Lithium has 3 Protons, therefore….

… 7 – 3 = 4 NEUTRONS!!3PROTONS

3ELECTRONS

4NEUTRONS


STRUCTURESWHAT WE KNOW SO FAR.. 20/04/23

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Mass Number= No. of Protons + Neutrons

= No. of Protons (or Electrons)

What we Know so far….



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Therefore..

Lithium Has:

3 Protons

3 Electrons

7 Protons and Neutrons

No. of Neutrons = 7 – 3 = 4!!



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Another Example

Boron Has:

5 Protons

5 Electrons

11 Protons and Neutrons

No. of Neutrons = 11 – 5 = 6!!


STRUCTURESQUESTIONS 20/04/23

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ELEMENTATOMIC NUMBER

MASS NUMBER

No. ofPROTONS

No. ofELECTRONS

No. ofNEUTRONS

CARBON 6 12 6 6 6

SULPHUR 16 32 16 16 16

IRON 26 56 26 26 30

FLUORINE 9 19 9 9 10

ARGON 18 40 18 18 22

ZINC 30 64 30 30 34

BORON 5 11 5 5 6

TIN 50 119 50 50 69


STRUCTURESISOTOPES 20/04/23

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ALL atoms of a particular element ALWAYS have the same number of PROTONS.

However some atoms of the same element can have a different number of NEUTRONS – these are called ISOTOPES.

35

17

37

17

Chlorine has two common isotopes: Cl35 and Cl37.

17 Protons

17 Electrons

35-17 = 18 Neutrons

17 Protons

17 Electrons

37-17 = 20 Neutrons


STRUCTURESISOTOPES 20/04/23

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1

1

2

1

1 Protons

1 Electrons

1-1 = 0 Neutrons

1 Protons

1 Electrons

2-1 = 1 Neutron

12

6

14

6

6 Protons

6 Electrons

12-6 = 6 Neutrons

6 Protons

6 Electrons

14-6 = 8 Neutrons

(The only Atom to have 0 Neutrons!)


structures title 22/10/2015 next mass and atomic numbers electron arrangement © teachable and simon...

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