study guide chapter 13 &14. why did large numbers of irish immigrate to the u.s.? a consistent...
TRANSCRIPT
WHY DID LARGE NUMBERS OF IRISH IMMIGRATE TO THE U.S.?
• A consistent potato famine in Ireland• Faced starvation if they remained• Thousands fled Ireland in 1840’s-1860’s.
HOW DID PLANTATION OWNERS MEASURE WEALTH
• Plantation owners measure wealth in numerous ways• Possessions in their home• Clothing• Number of slaves• Number of acres owned
WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF THE TELEGRAPH
• The telegraph led to thousands of miles of telegraph lines• The telegraph eliminate distance in the
country• Businesses increase sales and productivity
TRANSCENDENTALISTS
• Ralph Waldo Emerson• Concord Hymn
• Henry David Thoreau• Civil Disobedience
• Marget Fuller• Woman in the Nineteenth Century
OTHER WRITERS
• Henry Wadsworth Longfellow• Song of Hiawatha• Midnight Ride of Paul Revere
• Walt Whitman• Leaves of Grass• O Captain, My Captain
• Emily Dickinson• Hope
• Harriet Beecher Stowe• Uncle Tom’s Cabin
WHAT WAS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDUSTRIALIZATION AND THE GROWTH OF
CITIES?
• Industrial leaders began to locate their industry in various areas that suited their businesses.• People looking for work moved to those areas• This movement led to the growth of cities as
people began to “flock” to these areas because there was work• Cities began to grow because people needed to
live close to where they work.
HOW DID TRANSPORTATION DEVELOP DIFFERENTLY BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH
• The north had many more miles of railroad track as the years passed.• Canals and steamboats also developed.• The South's network was short and
inefficient. No universal network linking all parts of the region.• Cities of the Northeast and the Mid-West became
key centers of trade and transportation.
EXPLAIN REFORM/ IMPROVEMENTS IN EDUCATION
• Horace Mann• Length school year to 6 months• Better curriculum• Better pay for teachers• Better training for teachers
• Formation of Normal Schools• Educational Opportunities for Girls/Women• Education for people with disabilities (blind/deaf)
TRADE UNIONS
• Organizations formed by people of the same skill –or trade• Formed to deal with better working
conditions
YEOMEN
• Largest group of whites in the South• Did not own slaves• Lived in Upper South mostly• “upland” of Deep South
• Grew crops used for resale and their own use• Farms ranged from 50-200 acres
SLAVE CODES
• Laws meant to control the movement of African slaves• Created to reduce threat of slave
rebellions• Most famous ones made teaching of slaves to read or write a crime
SUFFRAGE
• right to vote• Women pushed for this right in the mid-
1800’s• Elizabeth Cady Stanton• Susan B. Anthony• Lucretia Mott
COTTON GIN
• Device invented by Eli Whitney
• Separates the seeds from the cotton fibers
• Dramatically increased use of (and value )slaves throughout the South
OVERSEER
• A person that was part of slave life• This individual was in charge of keeping
slaves working• Supervised the work of slaves
MECHANICAL REAPER
• A device invented by Cyrus McCormick• Used to cultivate wheat across the prairie• This invention made the growing of wheat
profitable and the main economic activity on the plains for generations.
HORACE MANN
• Leader in education movement• Called for improvements • Length school year to 6 months• Better curriculum• pay for teachers• Better training for teachers
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON
• Leader in abolition movement• Begins newspaper in 1830’s• The Liberator
• Called for emancipation• Started the New England Antislavery
Society• Started the American Antislavery Society
SOJOURNER TRUTH
• Born Isabella Baumfree• Slave in New York• Runaway who spoke out
against slavery?- Famous speech
HARRIET TUBMAN
• Most famous “conductor” on the Underground Railroad• Black Moses• Made numerous trips back into the South
to free other slaves
JOHN DEERE
• Invented the steel plow• Allowed for the plowing and planting of the
Great Plains• This invention allowed for larger farms in
the West
FREDERICK DOUGLASS
• Famous African American abolition leader• Runaway slave from Maryland• Worked at antislavery newspaper • NORTH STAR
• Great speaker, traveled speaking against slavery
SAMUEL MORSE
• Credited with creation of the telegraph machine• Sent coded messages –series of dots and
dashes• Morse Code
NAT TURNER
• African American slave who led one of the most successful slave rebellions in U.S. History• Occurred in Virginia• In 1831• Rebellion caused fear among many slave
owners• Increased slave codes
KNOW NOTHING PARTY
• officially known as the American Party • political party that was Anti-Immigrant/Anti-Catholic• feared the influence and power of new
immigrant groups• Wanted to increase citizenship time
requirements• Nativists