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STUDY OF PROTECTION

EQUIPMENTS OF A SUB STATION

Presented by:

B.S.V.SANTHOSH KUMAR

SURYA ANUSHA GARIMELLA

AJAY KUMAR YADAV

P.MANOHAR

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What is protection?

What is the need for protection?

Wherearethe protection equipments

employed?

INTRODUCTION

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PROTECTION EQUIPMENTS OF A

SUBSTATION ARE CLASSIFIED AS:

Relays

Circuit Breakers

Lightning Arresters

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RELAYS

What is Relay?

Essential qualities of relays are:

ReliabilitySelectivity

Speed

Sensitivity

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The Relays areemployedas protective

equipment in:

Transmission lines

Feeders

Transformers

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RELAYS IN TRANSMISSION LINES

VOLTAGE Protection

scheme

220KV lines Distanceprotection

132KV Distance

protection

Over current Relay

Earth fault Relay

Distance Relay

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TRANSMISSION LINE CONTROL

PANEL

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RELAY PANEL

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RELAYS IN FEEDERS

Over current relays

Earth fault relays

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FEEDER CONTROL PANEL

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RELAYS IN TRANSFORMERS

Capacity & voltage

ratio

HV side LV side Common relays

100MVA,

220KV/132KV

3 overload

relays(R,Y,B) and

earth fault relay

3 overload relays

(R,Y,B) and 1 earth

fault relay

Differential,

Bucholtz

31.5MVA, 10MVA

132KV/33KV

3 overload relays

and 1 earth fault

relay

3 overload relays

and 1 earth fault

relay

Differential,

Bucholtz,

Over current relays

Earth fault relays

Buchholz relays

Differential relays

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BUCHHOLZ S RELAY

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TRANSFORMER CONTROL PANEL

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CIRCUIT BREAKERS

What is Circuitbreaker?

What is thebasic principle ofcircuitbreaker?

Thedifferenttypes ofcircuitbreakers are:

SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKERS

MINIMUM OIL CIRCUIT BREAKERS AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKERS

VACCUM CIRCUIT BREAKERS

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DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES USED TO

EXTINGUISH THE ARC ARE:

Lengthening ofthearc

Intensivecooling (in jetchamber)

Division into partial arcs

Zero pointquenching

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SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER

Make : BHEL

Rated voltage : 145KV

Normal current : 1680A

Shortcircuitbreakingcurrent : 31.5KA

Rated operating sequence :0-0.3sec

Rated SF6 pressure : 6.5 bar

Shorttime with standcurrent : 31.5KA

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VACCUM CIRCUIT BREAKER

Make : BHEL

Type: ELF-245

Rated voltage: 245 KV

Normal current: 2000KA

Short Circuitbreakingcurrent : 40KA

Shorttime withstandcurrent : 40KA

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LIGHTNING ARRESTER

Twelve220KV lightning

arresters,

Six 132KV lightning

arresters

Fifteen 33KV lightning

arresters in service.

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CONCLUSION

Overall wehave studiedall the protection equipments

thatarebeingusedat220KV/132KV/33KV Dairy farm

sub-station andthe various other equipments suchascontrol equipments, switch yardequipments etc.

Based on thecapacity and operatingconditions

different relay protection schemes areemployed for theprotection oftransformers and in order to have safe,

smoothandtrouble free operation ofthe system.