study on impact resistance performance of arenga pinnata fibre reinforced composite

By:Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi

Advance Textile Training Centre (ADTEC)Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata FibreReinforced Composite

Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite

What is Composite?Composite materials (or composites for short) are engineered materials madefrom two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical orchemical properties which remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic levelwithin the finished structure.

Advantages: Lightweight, Good materials properties, etc.

Figure 1: Applications of composite materials.


Why “IMPACT STUDY” on COMPOSITES?

qComposites materials are often to used as a protective structure.

Figure 2(a)-(c): Application of protective structure

(a) Nuclear protective requirements

(b) Safety requirements for transportation

(c) Protective composnents

http://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fea.ru/spaw2/uploads/images/2008_0121_Learjet%252085_Bombardier%2520Aerospace.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eng.fea.ru/FEA_news_473.html&h=353&w=512&sz=27&hl=ms&start=40&tbnid=ZMqvjzucJ9TWDM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcomposite%2Bstructure%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dms%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://www.vicky.in/straightfrmtheheart/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/fer2007.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.vicky.in/straightfrmtheheart/ferraris-2007-formula-one-car/&h=446&w=467&sz=83&hl=ms&start=24&tbnid=UeU-cpWwJPbf0M:&tbnh=122&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcomposite%2Bstructure%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dms%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://www.jefftraynor.com/normandy/bunker.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.jefftraynor.com/normandy/normandy.htm&h=419&w=482&sz=44&hl=ms&start=2&tbnid=sDBsE_UOBnQuWM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbunker%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dms%26sa%3DN


Figure 3(a)-(c): Various missile threats

qThreats from kinetic missiles.

(a) Military Application

(b) Explosion (c) Natural forces

Figure 4 (a-b): Implication of impact on concrete structural

< 1000

Head of Severity Index (HSI)

Acceleration = Velocity/ time

Important parameter:

(b) Effects on brain


(a) Damage on vehicle

qDangerous implication.

http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.gp-world.net/pages/en/features/allianz/random-seasons/circuitbumps/image-i.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.gp-world.net/pages/en/features/allianz/random-seasons/circuitbumps/index.htm&h=300&w=259&sz=44&hl=en&start=50&tbnid=ngLWfnOni3qzoM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=100&prev=/images%3Fq%3DF1%2Bconcrete%2Bbarrier%26start%3D40%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

Energy absorption model

Acceleration-time analysis

Figure 5: Energy absorptionmodel

qSolution-New COMPOSITE materials.


What are Important Ingredients in Composite?Two IMPORTANT INGREDIENTS, i.e. filler (fibre reinforcement) and matrixbinder.


Types of FIBRE:qNatural :

Cellulose

Animal

qSynthetic :Oil based fibre.


Why is Natural Fibre?Nature continues to provide mankind generously with all kinds of rich resourcesin plentiful abundance, such as natural fibres from a vast number of plants.However, since the last decade, a great deal of emphasis has been focused onthe development and application of natural fibre as reinforcement in compositematerials in many industries. This is due to the natural fibres composites areundergoing a high tech revolution and are replacing conventionalcomposites in high performance applications due to their advantages overconventional reinforcements. For this reason natural fibres reinforced compositeare applicable and need broader research programmes. Moreover, due to therelatively high cost of synthetic fibres such as glass, plastic, carbon andKevlar used in fibre reinforced composites and the health hazards of asbestosfibres, it becomes necessary to explore natural fibres, e.g. cotton, sisal, jute,palm oil, paddy, ijok, etc. In addition, the main advantages of these fibres aretheir availability in large quantities in many countries, good thermal andacoustic insulating properties, better electrical resistance, higher resistance tofracture and impact absorption, low density, low cost and ease to manufacture.


What is Arenga Pinnata?IJUK or scientific name is Arenga Pinnata is a type of PALM TREE native totropical ASIA (inc. MALAYSIA). Medium size palm (growing up to 20m) andtrunk covered by rough old leaf bases. In this research, the composite materialis made by using IJUK fibre as reinforcement and epoxy resin as a binder.


Why is Arenga Pinnata fibre?qAvailability-in tropical countries, e.g. MALAYSIAqFast fibre growth rate.qInteresting finding on ITS TENSILE STRENGTH-water treatment.


FABRICATION PROCESS

Matrix Binder


MATERIAL PROPERTIES Ijuk Long random fibre vs Fibre added

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

10 15 20

Weight fibre (%)

Flex

ural

stre

ngth

(MP

a)

Specimen 1

Specimen 2

Specimen 3

Specimen 4

Specimen 5

Ijuk Long random fibre vs Fibre added

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

10 15 20

Weight fibre (%)

Mod

ulus

str

engt

h (M

Pa)

Specimen 1

Specimen 2

Specimen 3

Specimen 4

Specimen 5

Flexural Tests


Ijuk Woven roving fibre vs Fibre added

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

10 15 20

Weight fibre (%)

Flex

ural

stre

ngth

(MPa

)

Specimen 1

Specimen 2

Specimen 3

Specimen 4

Specimen 5

Ijuk Woven roving fibre vs Fibre added

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

10 15 20

Weight fibre (%)

Mod

ulus

stre

ngth

(MP

a)

Specimen 1

Specimen 2

Specimen 3

Specimen 4

Specimen 5


Ijuk Chopped random fibre vs Fibre added

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

10 15 20

Weight fibre (%)

Flex

ural

str

engt

h (M

Pa)

Specimen 1

Specimen 2

Specimen 3

Specimen 4

Specimen 5

Ijuk Chopped random fibre vs Fibre added

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

10 15 20

Weight fibre (%)

Mod

ulus

str

engt

h (M

Pa)

Specimen 1

Specimen 2

Specimen 3

Specimen 4

Specimen 5


Tensile TestsLong random fibre of ijuk + E Resin

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

10 15 20

% wt. fibre

Tens

ile S

treng

th (M

Pa)

T1T2T3T4T5

Woven roving fibre of ijuk + E Resin

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

10 15 20

% wt. fibre

Tens

ile S

treng

th (M

Pa)

U1U2U3U4U5

Chooped random fibre of ijuk + E Resin

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

10 15 20

% wt. fibre

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

(MP

a)

V1V2V3V4V5


IMPACT PROPERTIES

Energy Adsorbed vs Fibres Added(Ijuk Woven Fibre)

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

10 15 20

Fibre Added (%)

Ene

rgy

Adso

rbed

(J)

CR1CR2CR3CR4CR5

Energy Adsorbed vs Fibres Added(Ijuk Long Fibre)

0,000,050,100,150,200,250,300,35

10 15 20

Fibre Added (%)

Ener

gy A

dsor

bed

(J)

CT1CT2CT3CT4CT5

Energy Adsorbed vs Fibres Added(Ijuk Chopped Fibre)

0,000,050,100,150,200,250,300,35

10 15 20

Fibre Added (%)

Ener

gy A

dsor

bed

(J)

CS1CS2CS3CS4CS5


PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

Project collaborators:HUSM-Prof.Jafri Malin AbdullahAMTC, SIRIM-Dr.Mohd Zaid OthmanQAS International, SIRIM-Mr.Wan Mohd Rafi Wan HussinMIROS-Assoc.Prof.Dr.Wong Shaw VoonAdVeS-Dr.Waluyo Adi SiswantoK-UTECH-Khalil Mohamad

qMOTORCYCLE INDUSTRIES:Helmet-Ijuk Reinforced Composite [H-IReC]

PASSED MS-TEST: Conducted by QAS INT., SIRIM


qFURNITURE INDUSTRIESCurrent projects:Development of HARD TOP TABLE/ WORK BENCHDevelopment of FANCY/UNIQUE top surfaces

Portable composite table

Project collaborators:KU-TECHUniversiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,86 400 Parit Raja,Batu Pahat, Johor


q Cost of R&D: RM 10,000q Source of R&D: Product Development Grant-UTHM

Awards:•• Silver MedalSilver Medal (ITEX 2009)•• Silver MedalSilver Medal (Research & Innovation Fest 2008)• Bronze Medal (Innova-Brussels, Belgium 2009)•• Bronze MedalBronze Medal (Malaysia Technology Expo 2009)

Details of R&D

BRIEF ABOUT PRESENTER

Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi was born in 1980 at Taiping, Perak. Hereceived his B.Eng. with Honours in Mechanical Engineering atUTHM (formerly known as KUiTTHO) and completed his PhD inImpact and Explosion Engineering (Specialisation in ProtectiveTechnology) at The University of Manchester (formerly known asUMIST). He is an active researcher and has produced over 60technical papers. He is currently working as a lecturer at Departmentof Mechanics, FKMP, UTHM. In 2008, he has been invited as anHonorary Academic Visiting Fellow from Impact and ExplosionResearch Group, The University of Manchester, U.K. He is a CouncilMember of Concrete Society of Malaysia (CSM), Member of Instituteof Engineering Technology (IET) and Member of InternationalAssociation of Engineers (IAENG).He is also serve as an Editorial Board for the Journals:

1) Modern Applied Science-CANADA[ISSN: 1913-1844 (Print) 1913-1852 (Online)] http://www.ccsenet.org/mas/2) Journal of Mathematics Research-CANADA[ISSN: 1916-9795 (Print) 1916-9809(Online)] http://www.ccsenet.org/jmr/3) Applied Physics Research-CANADA[ISSN:1916-9639(Print) 1916-9647(Online)] http://www.ccsenet.org/apr/4) International Journal of Integrated Engineering-MALAYSIA[ISSN: 1985-854X(Print)].

study on impact resistance performance of arenga pinnata fibre reinforced composite

Technology

ijuk fibre

weight fibre

fibre reinforced composites

types of fibre

random fibre vs fibre

roving fibre vs fibre

application of natural

filler fibre reinforcement