Study Results

Southwest Firmed Resource Option

This slide deck contains results from the 2012 TEPPC Study Program related to the Southwest Firmed Resource Option Studies. The generation results for the associated transmission expansion projects follow immediately along with flow information for the added transmission.

Pumped Hydro FirmingModeling Goal

• Compare different Pumped hydro amounts in different wind conditions given various modeling techniques

• Compare path flows and production costs

Implementation StepsStart with 2022 PC23 NW Resource Option (+12,000 GWh)

1. Increase WECC annual energy demand 8%

2. Add 12,000 GWh of renewables to NW

3. Under the purview of the added generation in a particular region, investigate how a nearby region’s pumped hydro responds based on different types of modeling

4. Investigate how the changes listed above impact path flows

Pumped Hydro Modeling Options

Schedule and dispatch is optimized via independent LP

Any hour available for pumping/generating based on price signals (D)

Weeknight/weekend pumping, weekday generating

Must-run off (D) Must-run on

Dispatched against system cost curve before thermals in commitment pass 1 (D)

Dispatched based on LMP after prelim dispatch #2 of thermals

LP for Pumped HydroMinimize

Cost

Subject toEnergy conservation (observe input-output ratio)Reservoir levelsOperating capacities (min/max pumping and gen)

NOTE: resultant pumping/gen from each hour included in DC power flow solution as fixed/load load at bus.

Pumped Hydro Modeling Inputs

Input Data Unit

Cycle efficiency (output/input) %

Reservoir storage limit MW

Max pumping capacity MW

Max capacity of gen MW

Operating reserve y/n

Determines economic behavior

Currently we do not input fixed or operating O&M for pumped storage units

Add: 12,000 GWh to meet WECC RPS

Add transmission

Renewable Options Under High Load

Firmed Cases

Increase WECC-wide load 8%

1

2

4

For these regions

3 Add: firming resource

Gas

Hydro

Pumped storage

Increase WECC-wide load 8%1

2010 2022800,000

850,000

900,000

950,000

1,000,000

1,050,000

1,100,000

Western Interconnection Annual Energy (GWh)10-Year Study Comparison

Common Case LRS

An

nu

al E

ner

gy

(GW

h)

8%

8% increase to peak and energy

10%

10% decrease to energy

Higher Load = Additional RPS Energy

Calculate ratios of planned renewables in TEPPC 2022 Common Case • Do not include existing resources• Do not include DG• IRP and LRS data

Apply ratio to study build-out of 12,000 GWh• Concept: development trends are best representation of

what could be added to each state • More resources available than what is identified in WREZ• More granular information from CPUC/CAISO

Locate resources using WREZ peer-analysis tool

Extrapolation Method

Add 12,000 GWh to meet WECC RPS 2

10-Year Study ResultsPC28-1 Eldorado PSPC28-2 LEE PS

Pumped Hydro

Conventional Hydro

Pumped Storage

Steam - Coal

Steam - Other

Nuclear

Combined Cycle

Combustion Turbine

Cogeneration

IC

Negative Bus Load

Biomass RPS

Geothermal

Small Hydro RPS

Solar

Wind

(800,000) (600,000) (400,000) (200,000) 0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000

Annual Energy Difference: 2022 PC20 Southwest vs. 2022 PC28-1 Eldorado PS

GWh

Production cost decreased $16 M (.1%)

Dump energy increase d 19GWh (5.7%)

Emergency Energy decreased .2%

CO2 Emissions decreased .05%

CA, WA, NV

Alberta

Arizon

a

British

Colu

mbia

Califo

rnia

Colora

do

Idah

o

Mex

ico

Mon

tana

Nevad

a

New M

exico

Orego

n

South

Dak

ota

Texas

Utah

Was

hingt

on

Wyo

ming

-1,000,000

-500,000

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

Annual Energy Difference: 2022 PC20 Southwest vs. 2022 PC28-1 Eldorado PS

Hydro+PS Steam - Boiler Combined Cycle Combustion Turbine

Cogeneration Renewable Other

GWh

18 324 630 936 1242154818542160246627723078338436903996430246084914522055265832613864446750705673627668797482808586

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

Eldorado PS

2 22 42 62 82 102122142162182202222242262282302322342362382402422442462482502522542562582602622642662682702722742

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

Eldorado PSAugust Only

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 101106111116121126131136141146151156161166

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Eldorado PS + Bus LMP1st Week August

Pu

mp

ing

/Gen

(M

W)

LM

P (

$/M

Wh

)

9 351 693 10351377171920612403274530873429377141134455479751395481582361656507684971917533787582178559-$1,000,000

$0

$1,000,000

$2,000,000

$3,000,000

$4,000,000

$5,000,000

$6,000,000

$7,000,000

LMP ($/MWh) × Gen/Load (MW) = ($)

Assume purchase/sale of electricity at bus where plant is located

10-Year Study ResultsPC28-1 Eldorado PSPC28-2 LEE PS

Pumped Hydro

Conventional Hydro

Pumped Storage

Steam - Coal

Steam - Other

Nuclear

Combined Cycle

Combustion Turbine

Cogeneration

IC

Negative Bus Load

Biomass RPS

Geothermal

Small Hydro RPS

Solar

Wind

(1,000,000) (500,000) 0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000

Annual Energy Difference: 2022 PC20 Southwest vs. 2022 PC28-2 LEE PS

GWh

Production cost decreased $27 M (.15%)

Dump energy increased 24 GWh (7%)

Emergency Energy decreased .1%

CO2 Emissions decreased 0.138%

AZ, NV, CA, WA

Alberta

Arizon

a

British

Colu

mbia

Califo

rnia

Colora

do

Idah

o

Mex

ico

Mon

tana

Nevad

a

New M

exico

Orego

n

South

Dak

ota

Texas

Utah

Was

hingt

on

Wyo

ming

-1,000,000

-500,000

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

Annual Energy Difference: 2022 PC20 Southwest vs. 2022 PC28-2 LEE PS

Hydro+PS Steam - Boiler Combined Cycle Combustion Turbine

Cogeneration Renewable Other

GWh

18 324 630 936 1242154818542160246627723078338436903996430246084914522055265832613864446750705673627668797482808586

-2500-2000-1500-1000-500

0500

1000150020002500

Longview Energy Exchange PS

2 22 42 62 82 102122142162182202222242262282302322342362382402422442462482502522542562582602622642662682702722742

-2500

-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

LEE PSAugust Only

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 101106111116121126131136141146151156161166

-2500

-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

LEE PS + Bus LMP1st Week August

Pu

mp

ing

/Gen

(M

W)

LM

P (

$/M

Wh

)

9 351 693 10351377171920612403274530873429377141134455479751395481582361656507684971917533787582178559-$1,000,000

$0

$1,000,000

$2,000,000

$3,000,000

$4,000,000

$5,000,000

$6,000,000

LMP ($/MWh) × Gen/Load (MW) = ($)

Questions or thoughts on this study?