su terrain tutorial

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SketchUp Tutorials

Using the Sandbox Tools: Terrain, Draping and Dropping (WORK IN PROGRESS)

In this tutorial:

Adding the Sandbox Toolbar

Creating a terrain model (TIN) from elevated contours:

. Using 3D contours from .dwg files (Installing the Simplify Contours plugin)

. Creating 3D contours

. Creating a terraced terrain model

. Creating a TIN

Modifying a TIN

Creating a Surface Mesh from Scratch

Using a Mesh to Modify a TIN

Extracting contours from a modified TIN

Draping elements on a TIN

Placing elements and stamping footprints on a TIN

Using the drop tool

Projecting images and patterns on terrain models

Adding the Sandbox Tools

The sandbox tools allow you to create terrain models from contours with elevations and drape objects (roads, parks,

buildings, water bodies, etc.) over the terrain model. If the snadbox toolbar is not visible, go through the following steps:

Windows: go to windows > preferences > extensions > sandbox tools,

Mac: go to SketchUp > preferences > extensions > sandbox tools,

now go back and turn on the sandbox toolsatview > toolbars > sandbox tools.

Creating a TIN (terrain surface) from 3D contours (lines with elevations)

You can create a terrain model in a number of different ways. If you already have digital contours in another program,

you can bring contour lines into SketchUp as a .dwg file from ArcGIS, AutoCad, Rhino, Microstation or any another 3D

modeling programs (see Interfacing with other Programs). Alternatively, you can create elevated contours directly in

SketchUp.

Using contours from .dwg files: If you have brought elevated contours into SketchUp as a .dwg file, the lines usually

come in as a series of very small segments so you will probably want to clean up the contours using the Simplify

Contoursplugin. This will reduce the number of line segments in the contours and significantly speed up and improvethe terrain modeling and manipulation processes.

To install the Simplfy Contours plugin: go to the Ruby Depotwebsite,

http://www.crai.archi.fr/RubyLibraryDepot/Ruby/RUBY_Library_Depot.htm

click on Pluginsunder the Linksmenu, then open the Ruby Files Archives. Here you will find many useful plugins for

SketchUp, including Simplify Contours. After downloading the plugin, unzip it to the following folders:

Windows: C:/program files/Google/Google SketchUp 6/Plugins

Mac: Library/Application Support/Google Sketchup 6/Plugins

Once you have the plugin placed in the appropriate folder, you will need to restart SketchUp to activate the plugin. After

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/www.arch.virginia.edu/computing/training/online/faculty/stiles/pages/sketchup new/sketchup 7_sandbox tools.html

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you restart the program, if you don't see a Pluginstab in the menu bar, check to make sure you put the plugin in the

correct folder... and unzipped the file! You might also need to go to Preferences > Extensions > and turn on all of hte

extensions to activate the plugins menu.

Creating elevated contours: Another way to created a 3D set of contours is to draw the contours directly in

SketchUp. Once you have drawn the contours, you will have two options: you can elevate the contours and create a

TIN, or you can build a terraced terrain model.

If you have a hand-drawn contour plan, or a digital 2D contour plan available as a .jpg or other image file, bring this file

in as a base image and trace the contours in SketchUp using the pencil or freehand drawing tool. (See Importing

Images for Basemapsin the Building Modelstutorial).

Once you have traced the contours in 2D, you have two options:

Option 1: Create 3D contours. Select each contour line with the move tool (hit the Up Arrow to lock on the vertical

(blue) axis) and elevate the lineto the appropriate elevation. (Note: If you drew your lines on a surface you might need to

isolate the contours by selecting them and moving them to the side (hit the Left or Rightarrowsto lock into X and Y

axes) Using this method you will create a set of 3D contours, floating in space. A set of elevated contours is great for

making a TIN but it is difficult to manipulate floating lines in SketchUp.


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Option 2: Create a terraced terrain model. If you drew your contours on a flat surface you will have a set of distinctplanes that can be pushed and pulled. If not, you can create surfaces by connecting the ends of the contours. Once you

have a set of surfaces, use the push/pull tool to raise each surface to the appropriate elevation. This gives you a

terraced terrain model that is fairly easy to manipulate.

Creating a TIN (or a triangulated surface):Regardless of the method you use to create a set of 3D contours, the

process for making the TIN is the same. Select all of the 3D contour lines or the terraced terrain model and click on

Terrain from Contours

(the button furthest to the left), and wait.

Do not interrupt this process or Sketchup will crash. If the program crashes even without any interruptions you might


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need to select a smaller set of contours. Unlike ArcScene, SketchUp can not handle very larger terrain models.

Once the terrain is created, turn off the contours or move the TIN away from your terraced model so you can see the

undulating surface created from your 3D contours. Try turning the shadows on and off to reveal subtle topography.

You can repeat this process many times if needed. If you modify your 3D contours or your terraced model, just go back

and recreate the TIN with your new contours.

Modifying a TIN


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The TIN is created as a grouped object so you will need to double-click on the TIN to open the group for editing. Go to

View > Hidden geometry to turn on the lines that form the boundaries of the traingular surfaces of the TIN. This hidden

geometry of points, lines and surfaces is what you will use to further manipulate the TIN.

Although manipulating the TIN is not a very elegant process, there are a few tools available to edit the TIN:

You can use the standard Move tool to push and pull the points, lines, and surfaces of the TIN,

or, the Sandbox Toolbar provides some additional options for editing the TIN:

Try using the Smoove tool to push and pull areas of the TIN, being careful to

define the appropriate radius before clicking on the TIN surface,


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or the Flip Edgestool, , to reshape the TIN by redefining individualtriangles,

or the Divide Surfacestool, to introduce finer-grained geometry with which to

manipulate the TIN.

These tools can be used to refine a TIN you have created from contours but should probably not be used for significant

alterations of the topography.


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When you have finished working with the TIN, double-click it to open the group, then right click on the TIN and choose

Soften/Smooth Edges. Check the soften coplanarbox and use the slider to increase the angle size and soften the

edges of the TIN.

Creating a Surface Mesh from Scratch

The Create from Scratchtool provides a way to create a surface mesh

that can be manipulated using the Smoovetool to create soft undulating

landforms.

To create a mesh from scratch, click on the Create from Scratch tool, .

Now look in the lower right corner to see the default grid size. You will need to set the grid size to something

appropriate for the size of your site. A fine grid gives you much greater control over the topography but uses up a lot

more memory. You might start with a medium grid size (I used 10' in the above model - you can see a small person in

the lower left of the model) and go back later to divide the surfaces into a finer grid in specific areas.


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Once you have set your grid size, click in the model space to set the first corner of your mesh and drag the cursor out

to cover as much space as you'd like to model (as with all of the other tools, you can also type in specific distances),

click a second time to define the second corner, then drag the cursor perpendicular to the first axis to draw the rest of

the mesh.

Go to View > Hidden Geometryand View > Edge Style > Display Edges to turn on all of the geometry that defines

the mesh you have created.

Like the TIN, the mesh is created as a group. Double click the mesh to open and modify it.

Now that you have a mesh, you can push and pull it using the Smoove Tool. Select the Smoove Tool,

(note, it will not work if you have not already opened the mesh or a TIN)

and look down in the value box at the bottom right to see the default radius. When you hover over your mesh, you will

see the size of the Smoove radius relative to your mesh. Everything within that radius will respond to your application of

the move tool, with the brighter yellow squares representing the areas of greatest effect.

If you choose a radius that is too small relative to your grid, you will notice that instead of nice smooth changes in the

topography you get peaky, edgy topographic changes:


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If you find that you want to work on a small area of your site but the grid is too course to allow subtle manipulations, you

can further divide that area of the mesh into a finer grid. Using the basic Select tool,

select the area of the mesh that you would like to work on,

click on the Divide Surfacestool,

and wait for the selected area to be divided.

Now you should be able to use the Smoove tool to modify this area at a much finer scale. You can also select specific

areas of the mesh to manipulate all at once. In the example below, I chose a series of cells that I would like to build into

a berm. Using a radius of 20', I pulled the entire segment of the mesh up into a smooth berm.


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In the below example, I turned off the Hidden Geometryso I could select entire squares, then selected a few

scattered cells and elevated them all together to the same elevation using the Smoove Tool. This is a great wait to

create similar topographical elements throughout your site.

Using a mesh to modify a TIN

Using a surface mesh to create a terrain model from scratch can be very useful during the conceptual design stages.

However, if you already have a set of contours from which you can create a TIN, the mesh can also be used as a way

to modify the TIN. You can create a mesh to drape over an existing TIN as a way to add additional control points to


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your TIN. The mesh can be applied over the entire TIN if your site is small, or over small areas of a larger TIN to

provide areas of finer control within your model.

Open a TIN that you have already created or create a TIN from a set of contours

In this example, the TIN reveals that the small stream valley is not very deep and does not contain many areas for water

to pool. I'd like to play around with creating some pooling areas within the stream corridor so that large storm events

are more clearly refelcted in the changes to the landscape... these pools are also valuable for many species of fish and

invertebrates! Rather than mess with specific contours, it might be easier to push and pull the TIN to create pools in the

stream corridor. After creating those pools, I can then use the modified TIN to extract modified contour lines.

Rotate your model into plan view and draw a mesh surface over or around your TIN. Elevate the mesh above the TIN,

click on the Drapetool in the Sandbox toolbar,

and follow the directions in the bottom left corner of the screen. You will be asked to select the object you wish to drape

(in our case this is the mesh) and then the surface on which to drape the object (in our case theTIN). After a few

minutes, your mesh grid should appear on your TIN. If it takes along time or crashes the program, try using a smaller

grid size for the mesh.


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Now that you have draped the mesh on your TIN, you can use all of the Smoove and Divide Surface tools to manipulate

the TIN much more smoothly than the orginal triangulated surface. As you work, right click on the TIN and select

Soften/Smooth Edges to soften the angles of the TIN. In the below example I used the Smoove tool to deepen the

stream channel in a few places to create areas where water will pool. These areas are more clearly revealed when the

shadows are turned on.

Extracting Contours from a Modified TIN

Now that you have modified the original TIN, your original contours probably don't accurately reflect your new

topography. By creating a stack of planes and intersecting them with the modified TIN, you can extract a new set of 3D

contours from your model.

Rotate into plan view and draw a rectangle around your TIN. Rotate into a side view and move the new plane to a

known elevation within your model (If you start outside of the TIN, the rectangle will automatically be drawn at the 0

elevation in your model but this may not mean anything for your particular model) Once you have located the plane at a

known elevation, double click on it to select it, hit Mfor move/copy, hold down the CTRL (or OPTION) key to copy the

plane and click on your plane again. Now hit the UP ARROWto lock into the blue axis and drag the plane up a little bit.

Type in 1' or 1m or whatever value you choose for your contour distance and press ENTER. To repeat the process and


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create a series, or array, of planes, immediately type 10x (or 5x, or 20x).

This stack of planes can now be used to generate a set of contour lines. Select all of the planes by dragging over the

corner from right to left, right click on the planes and choose Intersect with Model. This might take a while but it won't

look like wanythig has happened. Select all of the planes and delete them all. You should see a nice new set of contour

lines running through your model. (If you don't see them, check to make sure you have View > Edge Style > Display

Edgesturned on.

Once you have created these contourlines, you can isolate them my selecting all, holding down shift while clicking on theTIN to remove it from the selection, hitting Mto move the contours and holding down CONTROL(or OPTION) to move

the contours off the TIN.


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Notice how my new pools are reflected in the new set of contours on the bottom of the image:

Draping Objects on Terrain ModelsWe have already experimented with with Drape tool by draping a mesh onthe TIN, but the drape tool can be used to

drape other 2D objects, such as site plans, roads, pathways or water bodies onto a 3D terrain model.

Select the objects you want to drape (be sure to explode them first!), click on the Drape Tool,


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hold the drape tool icon over the terrain until you see it selected, and then click. Again, wait and do not interrupt the

process.

Note: If you bring in roads, buildings, water bodies, etc from ArcGIS they will likely come in as a group. You must

explode the group and then select the objects before draping or the process will not work.

In this example, I drew a path on a plane below the model, grouped the path and its boundary lines, elevated the path

above the TIN, and then used the Drape tool to drape the path onto the surface.

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Placing Buildings and structures

Since the TIN is a smoothed surface, you cant use the push/pull tool on it to create additional structures. Therefore, you

must build any structures somewhere else in the model space and then move them down to the terrain.

Once you have created a structure, use the move tool to move it down onto the terrain. Using the up, left or right arrows

to constrain the movement to specific axes will help. You can also use the drape tool to drape a footprint on the TIN to

help you properly place a structure. You can later delete that section of terrain if needed. For example, if you create a

structure that drops below the terrain surface you will want to delete the section of the terrain model that covers that

area.

In some cases you might want to create a flat surface underneath a structure. For example, if you are placing a benchor a building on sloping terrain, you might want to create a small plinth on which to place those objects. In this case, you

can use the Stamptool to create a level surface in the TIN. By changing the

offset value before stamping, you can define the area of the TIN impacted by the stamped surface.

In the below example, I have created a small rectangle to represent the base on which to place a bench, and used the

stamp tool to stamp an impression of the rectangle into the TIN and create a flat plinth for the bench.


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Using the Drop plugin to place elements on terrain models

Placing components on the terrain manually has a couple of drawbacks. Even with extreme care, it is possible to end up

with floating components and it is difficult to place them precisely according to the site plan. The Dropplugin is very

helpful for this. Go to http://www.smustard.com/scripts/ and download the free Dropplugin to the following folders:

Windows: C:/program files/Google/Google SketchUp 6/Plugins

Mac: Library/Application Support/Google Sketchup 6/Plugins

The Dropplugin allows you to arrange components on a 2D site plan with precision and then move them all down to the

terrain with one click. Note, the objects must be components or this tool wil l not work . Select all the components

you want to drop, right click on one of them and choose Drop at intersection.

Lets try adding some trees to our model. Create a small circle or thin post to represent a tree. Double click on the circle

or post to select the object, right click on it and choose Make Component, taking care to keep theReplace selection

with componentbox checked.


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Since the circles are all components, you should also be able to right click on one, choose Reload, and navigate to the

components folder in the Google SketchUp program folder to select a tree component to replace the circle component.

Once establishing the grid of trees, it is easy to go in and delete those that are not wanted.

More likely, you will have a specific planting plan that is not a grid. You can use the same method of placing your trees

on a 2D baseplan somewhere else in model space, then move the 2D planting pattern to a place above your TIN, and

drop them all onto the TIN at once.

This same method can be used to place any components on your model: trees, benches, buildings, bridges, etc.

Another approach would be to place your base plan above the TIN, then use the Drape tool to drape it over the TIN.

This would provide a guide for positioning any elements on your TIN.

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Projecting materials and images on terrain model

You can also apply materials or patterns to terrain models:

Create a 2D rectangle, apply the material you want to apply to your terrain model to the surface of the rectangle, right

click on the rectangle surface, and choose Texture > Projected.

NextAlt-Click on the rectagle surface to pick-up the projected texture, click on the Paint Bucket tool,

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and click again on the terrain model to apply the mateial to the terrain surface.

You can also apply images to terrain models:

Import an image as an object by going to file > import and leave the "use as texture" box unchecked.

Scale and position the image over the site plan so it is properly aligned. Right click on the image and choose Explode.

Using the Paint Bucket, Alt-click on the image to pick up the material, then click on any part of the terrain to project the

image down onto the terrain surface.


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