subh sadiq presentation seven kings.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Allah has said: Indeed
prayers were prescribed forthe believers at set times"(Quran 4:103)
Farid Patel
http://salahtimes.wikispaces.com
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Responsibility
Imam Ibn Abideen As-Shami writes in
Radd Al-Muhtar:
It is Fardh(obligatory) for every person toknow the injunctions that apply to his everyday life so that he can avoid falling intoHaraam. (Volume 1, Page 42)
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Two Claims
1. 18 degrees is the time Ulama from aroundthe world have approved for at least thelast 1,000 years.
2. The timetable adopted by many Masajid in1989 and other Masajid last year does nothave the approval of the scholars who
have scrutinised it.
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Allah, the Most High, says:
"Eat and drink until the white thread becomes distinct toyou from the black thread of the dawn. Then resume the
fast till nightfall ... " [Al-Qur'n2:187]
Imam Qurtubi on pg 214:2:
.....
.,,:,,
When does Fajr begin?
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Subh Sadiqand
Subh Kazib
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Differences between Subh Sadiqand Subh Kazib
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Differences between Subh Sadiq and SubhKazib
Three differences between Subh Sadiq and Kazib:
1) Sadiq spreads horizontal, Kazib vertical.
2) After Subh Kazib it gets darker, after Subh Sadiq it gets
brighter.
3) Subh Sadiq is attached to the horizon, Subh Kazib is not.
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Summary
Subh Sadiq
Subh Kazib
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First Light or Spreading ofwhiteness
When does Fajr begin? Is it at first light or isit when the whiteness spreads?
Two terms used in AhadithGalas andIsfaar
Lets look at the evidence for this.
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Ahadith
When does Fajr start? (Tirmidh149)
:.
.:
Th l Ah dith I f
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There are also Ahadith on Isfarhowever
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Summary of discussion so far
Subh Kazib false dawn
Subh Sadiq true dawn
Galas first light
Isfar when whiteness spreads in
the horizon
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What is Twilight?
If the earth did not have an atmosphere, the skywould become dark immediately after sunset. Theearth's atmosphere causes scattering of sunlight so
that light reaches the observer before sunrise andafter sunset. This scattered light is called twilight.After sunset, as the depression of the sun increasesthe sky gets darker and darker until no scattered light
reaches the observer. Conversely, in the morning lightstarts to appear in the sky even before sunrise. Themorning twilight is called dawn whilst the eveningtwilight is known as dusk.
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In astronomy the twilight period is divided into civil, nautical
and astronomical twilight corresponding to solar depressions of6, 12 and 18 degrees respectively.
Civil twilight - roughly equivalent to lighting up time. Thebrightest stars are visible and at sea the horizon is clearlyvisible.
Nautical twilight - the horizon at sea ceases to be clearly
visible and it is impossible to determine altitudes with referenceto the horizon.
Astronomical twilight- when it is truly dark and no
perceptible twilight remains.
Twilight
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Introduction
The solar depression angles are based onwidespread actual sightings.
Calculations have been used for more than 1,000years.
Prayer times can be decided using calculations, incontrast with the Islamic months where physicalsighting of the moon is required.
Fiqh Council of MWL confirmed 18 for Fajr in2007 for Belgium. (Shaykh Ibn Uthaymeen and Al-Fawzan where members of the council at thistime)
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What is 18 degrees?
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Where is this from?
Hi
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History
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Here is a brief extract from chapter five of Dr. Ilyas' book (in italics):
" In modern times, astronomical twilight (18 degrees) has come to be widely usedfor the determination of isha and fajr times. As the average intensity curve of
evening twilight indicates, the flux decreases to a minimum level, and thus it wouldseem appropriate that even for Islamic purposes, this should indicate a reasonablestarting value for the end of 'astro-lslamic twilight' (AIT). Indeed, 18 degreesdepression was a commonly used value for fajr and isha in the medieval period,when it must have been based on careful observations. Nevertheless, slightvariations from this value- between 16 degrees and 20 degrees- were also used
during the medieval period. According to King, 20 degrees and 16 degrees werethe parameters used by Ibn Yunus for morning and evening AIT respectively,whereas 19 degrees and 17 degrees were the parameters used by various Egyptianastronomers. Nasr also refers to 19 degrees being used in the Islamic world for thefajr and isha times. King has confirmed that although Muslim astronomers widelyused 18 degrees/l8 degrees symmetrical values or a slight variation to 19
degrees/17 degrees (morning/evening)-and in a few (earlier) cases even 20degrees/16 degrees values were adopted-no record has been found of the use of avalue as small as 15 degrees.
(Astronomy of Islamic Times for the Twenty- first Century).
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When do the modern Scholars sayFajr and Isha occur?
Organisation Fajr-twilightangle
Isha-twilightangle
Region
University of
Islamic Sciences,
Karachi18 18
Pakistan, India,
Bangladesh, Afghanistan,
parts of Europe
Islamic Society ofNorth America
(ISNA)
18 18 Parts of USA & Canada,parts of UK
Muslim World
League
18 17 Europe, Far East, parts of
USA
Umm-Al-Qura,
Makkah
19 90 mins after
Maghrib, 120
mins during
Ramadhan
Arabian Peninsula
Egyptian General
Organisation of
Surveying19.5 17.5
Africa, Syria, Iraq, Lebanon,
Malaysia, parts of USA
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Ulama from Indo-Pak who support 18degrees
Fajr begins when the sun is 18 degrees below the horizon. This
basis has been confirmed by both scientific and religiousresearch carried out by a large number of scholars in bothfields. Mufti Taqi Uthmani
This is also the view of Shaykhul Hind Mufti Mahmudul Hasan Deobandi
Maulana Khalil Ahmed Saharanpuri (Both mentioned in Hal Ad Daqaiq fiTahqeeq As Subh As Sadiq)
Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanwi (Imdaadul FatawaVolume 1 Page 113)
Mufti Mahmud Al-Hasan Gangohi (Fatwa issued in 1983)
Maulana Saleem Dhorat (Leicester) Mufti Shabbir Saheb (Darul Ulum Bury)
Mufti Yusuf Sacha
Mufti Ismail Barkodhrawi (Khantaria)
Mufti Ahmad Khanpuri (Dhabel)
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Observations
Locations chosen where light pollution doesnot hinder the horizon have given verysimilar results.
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Green dots are
locations that
have shown Fajr
and Isha times at
times similar to
those around the
world.
The red dots areobservations
which have given
later subh sadiq
times.
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What about Salah Times in the Summer?
Why is it an issue?
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Solutions
Hadith of Sahih Muslim
DajjalWill one days prayer suffice for the prayers of theday equal to one year?
No, but you must make an estimate of the time.
Imam Nawawi mentions 4 methods:
1) Nearest Day2) Nearest city3) One seventh4) Half Night
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Salat - ul Isha
Although the scholars also believe thatIsha should also occur at 17 or 18degrees there is some leeway in this due
to the differences with regards to theevidences and also Ahadith that give theimpression that Isha time is not as fixed
as Fajr.
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When should a person perform Isha inSummer?
Opinion 1: Pray at correct time, even if late.
Opinion 2: Pray at an estimated time.
Opinion 3: Combine Isha with Maghrib andpray at Maghrib time.
All these opinions have their merits andweaknesses.
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When to Pray Isha in Summer
The male adult should join thecongregational prayer in the mosque that heusually prays in, whether they combine orchose any criteria for estimation.
For those who pray at home, pray Isha asclose as you can to the Shariah time.
Combining Isha with Maghrib at homeshould not be a habit, especially when there
is no pressing need.
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Summary so far
Observations that have been done in properconditions have shown that Fajr occurs whenthe Sun is 18 degrees below the horizon.
This is based on the idea that Fajr timestarts at Galas (first light) and not Isfaar(when the light spreads).
Any timetable that points towards Fajrbeing later than 18 degrees times should bescrutinised and observation results checked.
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Claim 2: The timetablecurrently used by many Masajid
in the UK is not acceptableaccording to Shariah.
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Salah Times in the UK
Many towns and cities of the UK are currently using atimetable devised by Hizbul Ulama UK also known asMoonsighting.com or Unified London Timetable.
The claims in the timetable appear to be perfect, and yet aninvestigation into the claims reveal glaring and seriouserrors.
These flaws have been put forward to Hizbul Ulama whohave failed to adequately respond to them.
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2) Hizb-ul-Ulama timetable times are
different to their own observed times.
Study the evidence in the followingslides:
Examples of Errors
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p
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At this meeting following was agreed:
For May and June Fajr beginning time be set atthe recorded time of Tabayyun as is permitted
by the Muftiyaane Kiram.(Fajr and Isha times and Twilight, page 113, Ml Y. Miftahi).
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Likewise for Fajar, the times observed for First Lightwould be used except for summer when the times
observed for Tabayyun (spreading of light along thehorizon) would be used.Again times will need to bephased to get from one to the other.This method results in some times that are inbetween times. This is what the criticsobjectto. However, as this method necessitates phasing toavoid jumping times it is perfectly valid particularly
as the times are within hudoode shariah.
Source: (Why Our Fasting Times are not Wrong, pg7, by Ml Miftahi)
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Tabayyun times for May & June:
Original Observed Times Times recommended to thePublic
May 15th = 1hour 33mins 1hour 48mins
May 22nd = 1hour 32mins 1hour 51mins
May 25th = 1hour 44mins 1hour 54mins
June 6th = 1hour 43mins 2 hours
June 13th = 1hour 54mins 2hours 4mins
M E
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More Errors2) Successful Fajr observations were only carried
out for 21 days from 365 days
3) Observers did not have the experience ofobserving
4) The location of observation was subject to lightpollution
5) Hizbul Ulama did not identify what they wereobserving, we dont know if times are first light ortabyeen or something in between.
Salams Mufti Sajid Saheb further to your request to enquire with Moulana
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Salams Mufti Sajid Saheb, further to your request to enquire with MoulanaAhmed Sidat and Qari Gulam Mohammad Patel regarding the 1988 BlackburnMushahadah, I have spoken with both of them and their replies are presentedbelow:
Moulana Ahmed Sidat:My recollection is that on two or maybe three occasions I was at Haji AdamPatel`s house here in Blackburn during the month of Ramadhan afterTaraweeh, we used to leave from there late at night and on these occasionsMoulana Yakub Miftahi Saheb took me in the car towards the area where thepresent Asda is and requested me to observe Subah Sadik, I really did notknow what was going on but do remember trying to observe Subah Sadik and
Moulana Yakub Miftahi Saheb showing me Subah Sadik. I just happened to bepresent at Haji Adam Patel`s house at those times.
Qari Gulam Mohammad Patel:At that time I had been in UK for six years and used to spend a lot of time atmy friend/relative Hafez Ahmed Bham`s house on Audley Range, on a fewoccasions I was at Hafez Ahmed Bhams house during Ramadhan after
Taraweeh when Moulana Yakub Miftahi Saheb came to pick up Hafez Ahmed,Hafez Ahmed informed Moulana Yakub Miftahi that I have a friend/relative athome and Moulana Yakub invited me to join them as well, this happened onfive occasions, at one time the late Moulana Ilyas (Imam of the LeytonstoneMasjid, London) was present as well and he also joined us, at that time I hadbeen in UK for six years and didnt know anything about Subah Sadik orShafaq, I just happened to be at Hafez Ahmed Bham`s house and joined upon
invite.
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Fatwa from Dar Al-Ulum Karachi
These errors (of the Hizbul UlamaTimetable) came about due to a lack ofknowledge with regards to (the nature of)
Subh Sadiq.
30th December 1990
Signed by Mufti Taqi Uthmani DB
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In astronomy the twilight period is divided into civil, nauticaland astronomical twilight corresponding to solar depressions of6, 12 and 18 degrees respectively.
Civil twilight - roughly equivalent to lighting up time. Thebrightest stars are visible and at sea the horizon is clearly
visible.
Nautical twilight - the horizon at sea ceases to be clearlyvisible and it is impossible to determine altitudes with referenceto the horizon.
Astronomical twilight- when it is truly dark and noperceptible twilight remains.
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Why should we accept therecommendations?
1) Supported with evidence ofastronomers and scholars.
2) Supported by observations of expertsin UK, Saudi Arabia and other parts of
the world.
3) Its easy to follow.