Subjunctive Mood

Discussion

1 If someone gave you a valuable painting as a present, what would you do with it?

2 If you became the head of the United Nations, what would you do first?

3 If you travelled anywhere in the world,where would you go and what would you do?

(the present) 54

1 If someone had given you a valuable painting as a present, what would you have done with it?

2 If you had become the head of the United Nations, what would you have done first?

3 If you had travelled anywhere in the world,where would you have gone and what would you have done?

(the past)

5

1 If someone gave you a valuable painting as a present, what would you do with it?

2 If you were to become the head of the United Nations, what would you do first?

3 If you should travel anywhere in the world,where would you go and what would you do?

(the future)

5

含义动 词 形 式

与事实相反

If 从 句

过去

现在

将来

主 句did/were

had+done

did/werewere to+doshould+do

would/should/could/might+do

would/should/could/might+have done

1. 虚拟条件句

3

4

含义 动 词 形 式 例句

I wish you had told me earlier.

过去时形式

过去完成时形式

对现状表达愿望

would/could/might+do

对过去表示遗憾 / 后悔

对将来表达愿望

I wish I had a little lab of myown.

I wish he couldcome tomorrow.

2.wish 后的宾语从句

1 I wish I were beautiful.

2. I wish I were taller enough to play basketball.

3. I wish you could come.

4. I wish he were able to visit us next week.

5.I wish I could draw well.

6. I wish I could go the Paris with you.

Ex 1 P43

1 If Shirley hadn’t liked to write poems, she wouldn’t have practised every day.

2. If she had known to convey her feelings, her brother wouldn’t have often laughed at her.

3. If she hadn’t read many beautiful poems,her writing skills wouldn’t have improved.

Ex 3 P54

4. If she hadn’t been so satisfied with her improvement, she wouldn’t have entered a poem in a poetry competition.

5.If the poem she entered had had an appropriate ending, she would have won the first prize.

6. If she hadn’t won an encouragement award, she wouldn’t have felt very pleased with herself.

Ex 3 P54

含义 动 词 形 式 例句

It appears as if nothing had happened.

过去时形式

过去完成时形式

现在

would/could/might+do

过去

将来

He looked as if he knew the little girl.

The man looked worried, as if sth. bad would happen on him.

3.as if / as though 后的表语或状语从句 ( 与 wish 相同 )

含义 动 词 形 式 例句

过去时形式

过去完成时形式

现在

过去

将来

I would rather he took me over thecrossing.

I would rather youhadn’t told me thetruth.

4.would rather 后的宾语从句 ( 宁愿…… )

5.If only + 从句 , 作为一个句子使用 ( 但愿…… )

1 If only he knew we miss him.

2 If only I had read the book on the reading list before I attended the lecture.

3 If only she hadn’t told him about it, everything would have been all right.

6. 动词形式为 (should)+do 的虚拟

1.表示命令 / 建议 / 要求的词所带的从句 (require /request/order/command/ advise/suggest / insist…)

eg. They insisted that he get a haircut.

My suggestion is that we should

listen to his opinion first.

2. It’s + adj.+that 从句 (adj: necessary/ essential/ important/pity…)

eg. It is important that we should attend the meeting.

3. It’s (high / about ) time+that 从句 ( 该是做……时候 )

eg. It is time that we should stop work and go home.

It is time that we stopped work and went home.

注意 :should 不能省略;

动词也可用过去式

7. 虚拟语气表示祝愿

1. Long live the unity of the Chinese people!

2. God bless you!3. May you have a long and happy

life!4. Wish you a happy birthday!

注意 : 动词用原形 , 后边用 !

may+ 人 +do!

wish + 人 + 名词 !

Practice

1. If I ______ (know) her address, I would write to her.2. What would you have done if you __________(miss) the train?3. If he ___________ (not be ill ), he would have done something.4. If it ________________________(snow) tomorrow, we ____________(get up) early.

5. If you had asked him yesterday, you __________ (know) what to do now.

knew

had missed

had not been ill

were to /should snow/ snowedshould get up

would know

snows

will get up

18

判断以下句子是不是正确的虚拟语气：

1. If we could finish our work earlier we shall go to the cinema.

2. The doctor suggests that she will not smoke.

3. I wish that it is true.

4. Had you put on more clothes, you would not catch a cold.

shall 改成 should

will not 改成 ( should ) not

is 改成 were

would not catch 改成 would not have caught

Notes1. 不是所有的条件句都用虚拟语气

错综条件句是指条件从句中的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致。动词的虚拟形式要根据时间做出相应的调整 . e.g. If she hadn’t studied hard, she wouldn’t speak so well.

If he __ his legs yesterday, he __ with us now.

A.hadn’t hurt ; would go

B.hadn’t hurt; would have gone

C.didn’t hurt; would go

D.didn’t hurt; would have gone

√

2. 虚拟语气中常用 were 代替 was3. 虚拟语气的倒装语序4. 错综时间条件句

171921

省略 if 的倒装句

e.g. 1.If they were here, they would help us.

如果从句中有 were ， should ， had 等词， 可省略 if ，并把 were ， should ， had 放句首进行倒装。

2. If you had come earlier, nothing would have happened.

Were they here, they would help us.

Had you come earlier, nothing would have happened.

__________ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful party.

A. Had they arrivedB. Would they arriveC. Were they arriving D. Were they to arrive√

5. 混合类型根据需要 , 在一个句子中 , 虚拟语气可与陈述语气或 祈使语气混合使用 e.g. If you could be passing, do come and see me.

6. 含蓄条件句的虚拟语气假设情况不以 if 条件句表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语，不定式表现出来。如 with,without,but for ，but,otherwise 等。

e.g. I lost her phone number, otherwise, I would have rung her up.

But for your help, I would not have the chance to go to school.

I was away that day, otherwise I _ the lecture.A. had attended B. would have attendedC. would attendD. attended

√

If you had not helped me…

If I had not lost her phone number…