subnet mask
DESCRIPTION
subnettingTRANSCRIPT
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Subnet Mask
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How subnet mask works?
IP Address : 192.168.1.1Subnet mask : 255.255.255.0
ANDING PROCESS :
192.168.1.1 = 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000001255.255.255.0 = 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Network ID = __________________________________
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Proses ANDing
Konfigurasi IP address tidak akan lengkap tanpa kombinasi subnet mask yang sesuai
Jika sesuatu IP address dicampurkan dengan subnet mask ia akan menghasilkan satu nilai network Id
Komputer yang mempunyai network id yang sama kebiasaanya akan diletakkan dalam satu lokasi yang sama
Network id dapat berkomunikasi dengan kumpulan network id yang lain melalui peralatan router
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Pengiraan Proses ANDing
Tukar kesemua IP address dan subnet mask kepada format binary
◦atas : IP address◦bawah : subnet mask
IP address Subnet mask ANDing
1 1 1
1 0 0
0 1 0
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Proses ANDing
Gambor dalam buku ms 13
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Pengiraan Proses ANDing
PCA172.16.0.2255.255.0.0
Network ID PCA172.16.0.4255.255.0.0Network ID
PCA 10101100 00010000 00000000 00000000 – 172.16.0.0PCB 10101100 00010000 00000000 00000000 – 172.16.0.0
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Network ID sama
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Pengiraan Proses ANDing
PCC172.19.0.8255.255.0.0
Network ID PCD172.19.0.2255.255.0.0Network ID
PCC 10101100 00010011 00000000 00000000 – 172.19.0.0PCD 10101100 00010011 00000000 00000000 – 172.19.0.0
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Network ID sama
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ANDing – Network ID, Broadcast ID, host bits, total number of hosts, range valid IP address
Cth latihan untuk budak
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Private dan Public IP address
Terdapat 2 kategori IP address :-
◦Private IP address◦Public IP address
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)◦Organisasi yang bertanggungjawab menguruskan
pengagihan Public IP address.◦Menetapkan beberapa block IP address bagi
penggunaan LAN dikenali sebagai Private IP address
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Private dan Public IP address
Pulic IP address adalah block IP Address yang telah diperuntukkan oleh Service Provider (ISP/SP) kepada semua pengguna talian tetap.
Public IP address boleh diperolehi dari ISP dengan harga yang telah ditetapkan.
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Private dan Public IP address
Gambar ms 21
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Private IP Address
IANA telah menetapkan beberapa blok IP address yang digunakan dalam LAN seperti Jadual 1
Jadual 1
Bit (host) IP addresspertama
IP addressterakhir
classfull classless
24 bit blok
10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255
1 network class A
10.0.0.0/8
20 bit blok
172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255
16 network class B
172.16.0.0/12
16 bit blok
192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255
256 network class C
192.168.0.0/16
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Private IP Address
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Private IP Address
10.o.0.0 /810 0 0 0
1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000255 0 0 0
172.16.0.0/12172 16 0 0
1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000255 140 0 0
128+64+32= 140
192.168.0.0 /16192 168 0 0
1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000255 255 0 0
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IP address dan Subnet mask
Classfull : 192.168.1.1subnet mask : 255.255.255.0
Classless : 192.168.1.1 /24
192.168.1.1 /24192 168 1 1
1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 00000000
8 + 8 + 8 = 24255 255 255 0
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Classfull IP Address
Class Nilai “W” dari W.X.Y.Z Subnet mask(default)
A 1 – 126 255.0.0.0
127 -
B 128 – 191 255.255.0.0
C 192 – 223 255.255.255.0
D 224 – 239 MULTICAST
E 240 - 255 RESERVED
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IP Address yang validPenggunaan IP address yang perlu dipatuhi
◦ IP address tidak sepatutnya bermula dengan angka 0, 127 atau 255.
Cth IP address 127.x.y.z, 0.x.y.z atau 255.x.y.z sememangya tidak valid
◦ IP address bagi suatu komputer tidak boleh diakhiri dengan 0 atau 255 pada octet keempat IP address w.x.y.255 adalah tidak valid – Broadcast IP address w.x.y.0 adalah tidak valid – Network
ID
◦ IP address mesti unik di dalam sesuatu NETWORK Cth PC01 dan PC02 tidak boleh guna IP address 192.168.1.1
dengan subnet mask yang sama 255.255.255.0
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Subnet mask yang valid(subnet mask default dan subnetting)
Class Subnet mask Nilai Bit Penerangan
A 255.0.0.0 /8 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 Subnet mask(default)
255.128.0.0 /9 1111 1111 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 Subnetting
255.192.0.0 /10 1111 1111 1100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 Subnetting
255.224.0.0 /11 1111 1111 1110 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 Subnetting
255.240.0.0 /12 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 Subnetting
255.248.0.0 /13 1111 1111 1111 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 Subnetting
255.252.0.0 /14 1111 1111 1111 1100 0000 0000 0000 0000 Subnetting
255.254.0.0 /15 1111 1111 1111 1110 0000 0000 0000 0000 Subnetting
B 255.255.0.0 /16 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000 Subnet mask(default)
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Subnet mask yang valid(subnet mask default dan subnetting)
Class Subnet mask Nilai Bit Penerangan
B 255.255.0.0 /16 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000 Subnet mask(default)
255.255.128.0 /17 1111 1111 1111 1111 1000 0000 0000 0000 Subnetting
255.255.192.0 /18 1111 1111 1111 1111 1100 0000 0000 0000 Subnetting
255.255.224.0 /19 1111 1111 1111 1111 1110 0000 0000 0000 Subnetting
255.255.240.0 /20 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 Subnetting
255.255.248.0 /21 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1000 0000 0000 Subnetting
255.255.252.0 /22 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1100 0000 0000 Subnetting
255.255.254.0 /23 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1110 0000 0000 Subnetting
C 255.255.254.0 /24 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 Subnet mask(default)
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Subnet mask yang valid(subnet mask default dan subnetting)
Class Subnet mask Nilai Bit Penerangan
C 255.255.0.0 /24 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 Subnet mask(default)
255.255.255.128 /25 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1000 0000 Subnetting
255.255.255.192 /26 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1100 0000 Subnetting
255.255.255.224 /27 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1110 0000 Subnetting
255.255.255.240 /28 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 Subnetting
255.255.255.248 /29 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1000 Subnetting
255.255.255.252 /30 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1100 Subnetting
255.255.255.254 /31 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1110 Subnetting
255.255.255.254 /32 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 Broadcast
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Host ID dan Network ID Kombinasi IP address dan subnet mask digunakan untuk menentukan nilai network ID dan Host ID
Angka 20 dari IP add. 20.8.8.10 – PC01 – class A Default subnet mask 255.0.0.0 – PC01 Network ID PC01 – 20.0.0.0
Angka 20 dari IP add. 20.80.18.10 – PC02 – class A Default subnet mask 255.0.0.0 – PC02 Network ID PC02 – 20.0.0.0
Network ID sama baru boleh berkomunikasi secara terus , maka Komputer PC01 dan PC02 boleh berkomunkasi secara terus kerana
Network ID SAMA PC01 (20.0.0.0) dan PC02 (20.0.0.0)
PC01
Class A
255 0 0 0
20 8 8 10
Network ID20.0.0.0
Host ID
PC02
Class A
255 0 0 0
20 80 18 10
Network ID20.0.0.0
Host ID
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Host ID dan Network ID Kombinasi IP address dan subnet mask digunakan untuk menentukan nilai network ID dan Host ID
Angka 172.16 dari IP add. 172.16.8.10 – PC03 – class B Default subnet mask 255.255.0.0 – PC03 Network ID PC01 – 172.16.0.0
Angka 172.30 dari IP add. 172.30.10.253 – PC04 – class B Default subnet mask 255.255.0.0 – PC04 Network ID PC04 – 172.30.0.0
Network ID sama baru boleh berkomunikasi secara terus , maka Komputer PC03 dan PC04 tidak boleh berkomunkasi secara terus kerana
Network ID TIDAK SAMA PC03(172.16.0.0) dan PC04(172.30.0.0).
PC03
Class B
255 255 0 0
172 16 8 10
Network ID172.16.0.0
Host ID
PC04
Class B
255 255 0 0
172 30 10 253
Network ID172.30.0.0
Host ID