subpart r - steel erection

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OSHA OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTHADMINISTRATION

Subpart R – Steel Erection1926.750 Scope

1926.750(a) “This subpart sets forth requirements to protect employees from the hazards associated with steel erection activities involved in the construction, alteration, and/or repair of single and multi-story buildings, bridges, and other structures where steel erection occurs. The requirements of this subpart apply to employees engaged in steel erection unless otherwise specified. This subpart does not cover electrical transmission towers, communication and broadcast towers, or tanks.”

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Single story

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Multi-Story

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Bridge

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Subpart R – Steel Erection1926.750 Scope

(b)(2)• Hoisting Installing metal Deck• Connecting siding systems• Welding• Connecting Miscellaneous Metals• Bolting• Rigging structural Steel Ornamental iron• Steel joist and metal building

Similar Metals

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Subpart R – Steel Erection1926.752 Site Layout. Site-specific erection plan

and construction sequence 1926.752(a) Approval to begin steel erection. “Before authorizing the commencement of steel erection, the controlling contractor shall ensure that the steel erector is provided with the following notifications;”

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and construction sequence 1926.752(a)(1) “The concrete in the footings, piers, and walls and the mortar in the masonry piers and walls has attained, on the basis of an appropriate ASTM standard test method of field-curved samples, either 75 percent of the intended minimum compressive design strength or sufficient strength to support the loads imposed during steel erection.”

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and construction sequence 1926.752(a)(2) “Any repairs, replacements and modifications to the anchor bolts were conducted in accordance with 1926.755(b).”

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and construction sequence 1926.752(b) Commencement of steel erection. “A steel erection contractor shall not erect steel unless it has received written notification that the concrete in the footings, piers, and walls or the mortar in the masonry piers and walls has attained, on the basis of an appropriate ASTM standard test method of field-cured samples, either 75 percent of the intended minimum compressive design strength or sufficient strength to support the loads imposed during steel erection.”

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and construction sequence 1926.752(c) Site layout. “The controlling contractor shall ensure that the following is provided and maintained;”

1926.752(c)(1) “Adequate access roads into and through the site for the safe delivery and movement of derricks, cranes, trucks, other necessary equipment, and the material to be erected and means and methods for pedestrian and vehicular control. Exception: this requirement does not apply to roads outside of the construction site.”

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and construction sequence 1926.752(c)(2) “A firm, properly graded, drained area, readily accessible to the work with adequate space for the safe storage of materials and the safe operation of the erector’s equipment.”

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Subpart R – Steel Erection1926.753 Hoisting and rigging

1926.753(c) General. (1) “Pre-shift visual inspection of cranes.”

1926.753(c)(1)(i) Cranes being used in steel erection activities shall be visually inspected prior to each shift by a competent person; the inspection shall include observation for deficiencies during operation……..

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1926.753(c)(3) “The headache ball, hook or load shall not be used to transport personnel except as provided in paragraph (c)(4) of this section.”

1926.753(c)(4) “Cranes or derricks may be used to hoist employees on a personnel platform when work under this subpart is being conducted, provided that all provisions of 1926.550 (except for 1926.550(g)(2)) are met.”

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1926.753(d) Working under loads.

1926.753(d)(1) “Routes for suspended loads shall be pre-planned to ensure that no employee is required to work directly below a suspended load except for;”

1926.753(d)(1)(i) “Employees engaged in the initial connection of the steel; or”

1926.753(d)(1)(ii) “Employees necessary for the hooking or unhooking of the load.”



1926.753(d)(2) “When working under suspended loads, the following criteria shall be met:”

1926.753(d)(2)(i) “Materials being hoisted shall be rigged to prevent unintentional displacement:”

1926.753(d)(2)(ii) “Hooks with self-closing safety latches or their equivalent shall be used to prevent components from slipping out of the hook; and”

1926.753(d)(2)(iii) “All loads shall be rigged by a qualified rigger.”

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1926.753(e) “Multiple lift rigging procedures.”

1926.753(e)(1) “A multiple lift shall only be performed if the following criteria are met:”

1926.753(e)(1)(i) “A multiple lift rigging assembly is used.”

1926.753(e)(1)(ii) “A maximum of five members are hoisted per lift;”

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1926.753(e)(1)(iii) “Only beams and similar structural members are lifted; and”

1926.753(e)(1)(iv) “All employees engaged in the multiple lift have been trained in these procedures in accordance with 1926.761(c)(1).”


Subpart R – Steel Erection1926.754 Structural steel assembly

1926.754(a) “Structural stability shall be maintained at all times during the erection process.”

1926.754(b) “The following additional requirements shall apply for multistory structures;”

1926.754(b)(1) “The permanent floors shall be installed as the erection of structural members progresses, and there shall be not more than eight stories between the erection floor and the upper-most permanent floor, except where the structural integrity is maintained as a result of the design.”

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1926.754(b)(2) “At no time shall there be more than four floors or 48 feet whichever is less of unfinished bolting or welding above the foundation or uppermost permanently secured floor, except where the structural integrity is maintained as a result of the design.”

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1926.754(b)(3) “A fully planked or decked floor or nets shall be maintained within two stories or 30 feet, whichever is less, directly under any erection work being performed.”

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1926.754(e) Metal decking – (1) Hoisting, landing and placing of metal decking bundles.

1926.754(e)(1)(i) “Bundle packaging and strapping shall not be used for hoisting unless specifically designed for that purpose.”

1926.754(e)(1)(ii) “If loose items such as dunnage, flashing, or other materials are placed on the top of metal decking bundles to be hoisted, such items shall be secured to the bundles.”

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1926.754(e)(1)(iv) “Metal decking bundles shall be landed on framing members so that enough support is provided to allow the bundles to be unbanded without dislodging the bundles from the supports.”

1926.754(e)(1)(v) “At the end of the shift or when environmental or jobsite conditions require, metal decking shall be secured against displacement.”

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1926.754(e)(5) Installation of metal decking. (i) “Except as provided in `1926.760(c), metal decking shall be laid tightly and immediately secured upon placement to prevent accidental movement or displacement.”

1926.754(e)(5)(ii) “During initial placement, metal decking panels shall be placed to ensure full support by structural members.”

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Subpart R – Steel Erection1926.755 Column anchorage

1926.755(a) General requirements for erection stability. (1) “All columns shall be anchored by a minimum of 4 anchor rods (anchor bolts).”

1926.755(a)(2) “Each column anchor rod (anchor bolt) assembly, including the column-to-base plate weld and the column foundation, shall be designed to resist a minimum eccentric gravity load of 300 pounds located 18 inches from the extreme outer face of the column in each direction at the top of the column shaft.”

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Subpart R – Steel Erection1926.755 Column anchorage

1926.755(a)(3) “Columns shall be set on level finished floors, pre-grouted leveling plates, leveling nuts, or shim packs which are adequate to transfer the construction loads.”

1926.755(a)(4) “All columns shall be evaluated by a competent person to determine whether guying or bracing is needed; if guying or bracing is needed, it shall be installed.”

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Subpart R – Steel Erection1926.756 Beams and columns

1926.756(a) General. (1) “During the final placing of solid web structural members, the load shall not be released from the hoisting line until the members are secured with at least two bolts per connection, of the same size and strength as shown in the erection drawings, drawn up wrench-tight or the equivalent as specified by the project structural engineer of record, except as specified in paragraph (b) of this section.”

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1926.756(b) Diagonal bracing. “Solid web structural members used a diagonal bracing shall be secured by at least one bolt per connection drawn up wrench-tight or the equivalent as specified by the project structural engineer of record.”

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1926.756(e) Perimeter columns. “Perimeter columns shall not be erected unless;”

1926.756(e)(1) “The perimeter columns extend a minimum of 48 inches above the finished floor to permit installation of perimeter safety cables prior to erection of the next tier, except where constructability does not allow (see Appendix F to this subpart);”

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1926.756(e)(2) “The perimeter columns have holes or other devices in or attached to perimeter columns at 42-45 inches above the finished floor and the midpoint between the finished floor and the top cable to permit installation of perimeter safety cables required by 1926.760(a)(2), except where constructability does not allow. (See Appendix F to this subpart).”

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Subpart R – Steel Erection1926.757 Open web steel joists

1926.757(a) General. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, where steel joists are used and columns are not framed in at least two directions with solid web structural steel members, a steel joist shall be field-bolted at the column to provide lateral stability to the column during erection……

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1926.757(b) Attachment of steel joists and steel joist girders. (1) “Each end of “K” series steel joists shall be attached to the support structure with a minimum of two 1/8-inch fillet welds 1 inch long or with two ¾ -inch bolts, or the equivalent.”

1926.757(c) Erection of steel joists. See Tables A and B………

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1926.757(d) Erection bridging. (1) See Tables A and B…………………………

1926.757(e) Landing and placing loads. (1) “During construction period, the employer placing a load on steel joists shall ensure that the load is distributed so as not to exceed the carrying capacity of any steel joist.”

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Subpart R – Steel Erection1926.759 Falling object protection

1926.759(a) Securing loose items aloft. “All materials, equipment, and tools, which are not in use while aloft, shall be secured against accidental displacement.”

1926.759(b) Protection from falling objects other than materials being hoisted. “The controlling contractor shall bar other construction processes below steel erection unless overhead protection for the employees below is provided.”

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Subpart R – Steel Erection1926.760 Fall protection

1926.760(a) General requirements. (1) “Except as provided by paragraph (a)(3) of this section, each employee engaged in a steel erection activity who is on a walking/working surface with an unprotected side or edge more than 15 feet above a lower level shall be protected from fall hazards by guardrail systems, safety net systems, personal fall arrest systems, positioning device systems or fall restraint systems.”

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1926.760(b) Connectors. “Each connector shall”

1926.760(b)(1) Be protected in accordance with paragraph (a)(1) of this section from fall hazards of more than two stories or 30 feet above a lower level, whichever is less…..

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1926.760(c) Controlled Decking Zone (CDZ). A controlled decking zone may be established in that area of the structure over 15 and up to 30 feet above a lower level where metal decking is initially being installed and forms the leading edge of a work area……

1926.760(c)(1) “Each employee working at the leading edge in a CDZ shall be protected from fall hazards of more than two stories or 30 feet whichever is less.”

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Subpart R – Steel Erection1926.761 Training

1926.761(b) Fall hazard training. The employer shall provide a training program for all employees exposed to fall hazards…….

1926.761(c) Special training programs. In addition to the training required….., the employer shall provide special training to employees engaged in

(1)Multiple lift rigging procedures(2)Connector procedures(3)Controlled Decking Zone procedures

subpart r - steel erection

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