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MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT DIRECTORATE FOR ROADS OF VIETNAM

PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT 3

------------o0o------------

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

SUBPROJECT CONSTRUCTION OF THE SON LA CITY BYPASS,

SON LA PROVINCE

UNDER VIETNAM ROAD ASSET MANAGEMENT PROJECT (VRAMP)

SON LA, DECEMBER 2020

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La province

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS...................................................................................................................ivLIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................vLIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................................viiiEXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................1CHAPTER 1. SUBPROJECT INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION...........................5

1.1. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SUBPROJECT...............................51.1.1. General background of the subproject..................................................................51.1.2. Objectives of the subproject..................................................................................6

1.2. LEGAL AND TECHNICAL BASIS OF ESIA PREPARATION...............................61.2.1. Legal documents and technical standards of GoV................................................61.2.2. Environmental and social safeguards policies and guidelines of WB..................9

1.3. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT.................................................................111.3.1. Subpeoject location.............................................................................................111.3.2. Detailed description of the subproject's investment items..................................131.3.3. Construction methods.........................................................................................181.3.4. List of equipment, machines...............................................................................251.3.5. Demand for Raw Materials, Fuels and Disposal Sites........................................261.3.6. Subproject implementation arrangement............................................................311.3.7. Total investment..................................................................................................331.3.8. Subproject implementation progress...................................................................33

1.4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT METHODS.........................33CHAPTER 2. NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS .....................................................................................................................35

2.1. NATUTAL CONDITIONS........................................................................................352.1.1. Geographical conditions.....................................................................................352.1.2. Topographic conditions......................................................................................362.1.3. Geological characteristics...................................................................................372.1.4. Climatic and meteorological conditions.............................................................392.1.5. Hydrological conditions......................................................................................412.1.6. Natural resources................................................................................................41

2.2. STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY........................................................432.2.1. Air quality...........................................................................................................442.2.2. Surface water quality..........................................................................................452.2.3. Quality of underground water.............................................................................482.2.4. Soil quality..........................................................................................................50

2.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS........................................................................51

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2.4. INFRASTRUCTURE CONDITIONS.......................................................................572.5. SPECIFIC SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS........592.6. DESCRIPTION OF SENSITIVE WORKS SURROUNDING SUBPROJECT AREA

....................................................................................................................................64CHAPTER 3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES............................................................67

3.1. “WITH” AND “WITHOUT” THE SUBPROJECT ALTERNATIVES....................673.2. ALTERNATIVES OF THE BYPASS.......................................................................68

CHAPTER 4. SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT...............714.1. POSITIVE IMPACTS OF THE SUBPROJECT.......................................................714.2. TYPES AND SCOPES OF IMPACTS......................................................................714.3. IMPACTS AND RISKS IN THE PREPARATION PHASE....................................75

4.3.1. Impacts due to land acquisition...........................................................................754.3.2. Safety risks related to unexploded ordnances.....................................................80

4.4. IMPACTS AND RISKS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE......................814.4.1. General impacts during the construction phase..................................................824.4.2. Specific impacts in the construction process....................................................1044.4.3. Impacts on sensitive receptors..........................................................................107

4.5. IMPACTS AND RISKS IN THE OPERATION PHASE.......................................1104.6. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS.....................................................................................1134.7. INCLUDED IMPACTS...........................................................................................113

CHAPTER 5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN..............1145.1. IMPACTS MITIGATION MEASURES.................................................................114

5.1.1. Measures Incorporated into Detailed Design....................................................1145.1.2. Measures to be implemented in the Pre-construction phase.............................1145.1.3. Measures to be implemented during the construction phase............................1155.1.4. Mitigation measures during the operation phase..............................................1575.1.5. Mitigation of included impacts.........................................................................158

5.2. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ESMP IMPLEMENTATION..............1585.2.1. Implementation arrangement............................................................................1585.2.2. Role and responsibility.....................................................................................159

5.3. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE FRAMEWORK.........................................1615.3.1. Environmental and Social Responsibility of PMU3 / Detailed Design Consultant

...........................................................................................................................1615.3.2. Environmental responsibility of the contractor.................................................1625.3.3. Contractor's Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP)..............1625.3.4. Contractor’s Safety, Social and Environmental Officer (SEO)........................1635.3.5. Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC)...........................1645.3.6. Environmental Supervision during Construction (CSC)..................................1655.3.7. Compliance with Legal and Contractual Requirements...................................165

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5.3.8. Environmental Complaints and Sanction System.............................................1665.3.9. Reporting...........................................................................................................166

5.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM................................................1665.5. CAPACITY BUILDING TRAINING ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT...

..................................................................................................................................1675.5.1. Assessment of social and environmental management capacity of PMU3......1675.5.2. Capacity building program of safeguard policy................................................167

5.6. ESTIMATED COSTS FOR ESMP IMPLEMENTATION.....................................1685.6.1. Estmated costs for environmental monitoring program....................................1685.6.2. Estmated cost for IEMC....................................................................................1695.6.3. Estimated costs for training program................................................................1695.6.4. Total estimated costs for ESMP implementation..............................................170

5.7. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM)..................................................170CHAPTER 6. COMMUNITY CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION.................................................................................................................174

6.1. COMMUNITY CONSULTATION.........................................................................1746.1.1. Consultation with CPC/Ward PC......................................................................1746.1.2. Community consultation result.........................................................................174

6.2. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE............................................................................180

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ABBREVIATIONS

AHs Affected Households

CC Climate change

AC Asphalt concrete

CeC Cement concrete

CMC Construction monitoring consultant

DDR Due diligence report

DED Detailed engineering design

DMS Detailed Measurement Survey

DOC Department of Construction

DOF Department of Finance

DONRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment

DOT Department of Transport

DPI Department of Planning and Investment

MKD Mekong Detal

EIA Environmental impact assessment

ESIA Environment and Social Impact Assessment

ESCOP Environmental and Social Code of Practice

EMC External Monitoring Consultant

EMP Environmental Management Plan

EMS Environmental monitoring system

FS Feasibility study

MOC Ministry of Construction

ODA Official Development Assistance

PMU Project Management Unit

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

RPF Resettlement Policy Framework

RP Resettlement Plan

P/CPC Provincial/City People’s Committee

URENCO Urban Environment Company

WB World Bank

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Detailed description of the subproject's investment items..........................................13

Table 2: The proposed list of equipment, machines use for subproject....................................25

Table 3: The list and quantity of raw materials used for subprojects.......................................26

Table 4: Location of materials supply source...........................................................................26

Table 5: Location for dumping waste of Son La bypass..........................................................31

Table 6: Subproject implementation progress..........................................................................33

Table 7: List of subproject wards/communes...........................................................................35

Table 8: Characteristics of temperature (0C) at Son La meteorological station........................39

Table 9: Characteristics of humidity (%)) at Son La meteorological station...........................40

Table 10: Characteristic of the precipitation at Son La meteorological station........................40

Table 11: Total sunny hours (h) at Son La meteorological station...........................................40

Table 12: Maximum wind speed in Son La city (m/s)..............................................................40

Table 13: Locations of air environment monitoring.................................................................44

Table 14: Results of air environment monitoring and analyzing..............................................45

Table 15: Locations of surface water monitoring.....................................................................46

Table 16: Results of surface water quality................................................................................47

Table 17: Monitoring locations of underground water environment........................................48

Table 18: Results of groundwater quality in the subproject area..............................................49

Table 19: Locations of soil environmental monitoring.............................................................50

Table 20: Results of soil quality...............................................................................................50

Table 21: Current situation of population in the area of the section of Son La province.........51

Table 22: Labor status and occupations in the subproject area................................................52

Table 23: Average income of affected households...................................................................53

Table 24: Living facilities of affected households....................................................................53

Table 25: Ethnic composition in subproject communes/wards................................................55

Table 26: Common diseases in the subproject area..................................................................56

Table 27: List of sensitive structures and sensitive sites near the subproject area...................65

Table 28: Analysis of options "with" and "without" subproject...............................................67

Table 29: The comparision of 3 options...................................................................................70

Table 30: Negative impacts which may be caused by the subproject.......................................73

Table 31: Summary of the types of land acquired by each ward / commune...........................75

Table 32: Total number of households and classification of affected households...................77

Table 33: Summary of number of affected business households.............................................79

Table 34: Number of vulnerable households............................................................................80

Table 35: Earthwork volume of works items............................................................................82

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceTable 36: Dust concentration generated from earthwork activities of the subproject..............83

Table 37: Coefficient of emission of exhaust gases..................................................................84

Table 38: Volume of main materials and fuels of the subproject.............................................84

Table 39: Estimated emissions generated from construction equipment..................................84

Table 40: Total amount of materials to be transported.............................................................86

Table 41: The volume of materials transported and the number of trips of the vehicle...........86

Table 42: Concentration of pollutants during transportation of materials................................86

Table 43: Noise generated from construction machinery and equipment................................88

Table 44: Maximum noise level by distance............................................................................88

Table 45: Vibration of some typical construction machinery and equipment..........................89

Table 46: Vibration decrease by distance.................................................................................90

Table 47: Amount of domestic wastewater generated in the construction phase.....................91

Table 48: Volume of pollutants generated by each person per day..........................................92

Table 49: Concentration of pollutants in untreated domestic wastewater................................92

Table 50: Rainwater in the subproject's areas...........................................................................94

Table 51: Volume of solid waste generated from construction phase......................................95

Table 52: Estimated total amount of hazardous waste generated.............................................96

Table 53: Summary table of retaining wall (talus slope)........................................................107

Table 54: Impacts on sensitive works.....................................................................................108

Table 55: Noise level of motor vehicles.................................................................................111

Table 56: Maximum noise level by distance from vehicles...................................................111

Table 57: Mitigation measures during pre-construction phase...............................................115

Table 58: Environmental and Social Codes of Practices (ESCOPs)......................................118

Table 59: Mitigation measures of site-specific impacts during the construction phase.........150

Table 60: Mitigation measures for sensitive objects affected by the subproject....................153

Table 61: Measures to minimize the overall impact in the operation phase...........................157

Table 62: Mitigation plan of included impacts.......................................................................158

Table 63: The role and responsibilities of the main stakeholders...........................................159

Table 64: Regular reporting requirements..............................................................................166

Table 65: Location, parameters and frequency of environmental monitoring in the construction phase...................................................................................................................167

Table 66: Capacity building program of environmental management...................................168

Table 67: Estimated Cost for environmental monitoring program.........................................169

Table 68: Estimated cost for independent environmental monitoring....................................169

Table 69: Estimated costs for training program......................................................................169

Table 70: Estimated Costs of ESMP Implementation............................................................170

Table 71: Grievance Redress Mechanism...............................................................................172

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceTable 72: Community consultation result...............................................................................175

Table 73: Community consultation image at the subproject area...........................................179

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Subproject location....................................................................................................12

Figure 2: Geographical location of Son La city bypass............................................................36

Figure 3: Locations of environmental status monitoring of the subproject................................44

Figure 4: Status along the Son La city bypass..........................................................................61

Figure 5: Proportion of land occupation of the subproject (%)................................................76

Figure 6: Current status of production and business in the subproject area.............................79

Figure 7: Illustrative photographs for clearance of UXO.........................................................81

Figure 8: Residential area near intersections of NH 4G and NH6............................................87

Figure 9: Existing construction site of Ban Sang and Ban Hom 1 bridges.............................105

Figure 10: Current status of agricultural production along the route of the subproject..........106

Figure 11: Status of business activities in the subproject area................................................106

Figure 12: Diagram of ESMP implementation arrangement..................................................159

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Basis of the project

Based on the gained results of the Vietnam Road Asset Management Project (VRAMP) and the determination of the residual capital of the VRAMP project, the Ministry of Transport has proposed and being supported by the World Bank (WB) for investment in some relevant sections of the route related to the scope of VRAMP Project to bring higher economic and social efficiency. Therefore, the Ministry of Transport proposed to build the bypass in Son La city. The subproject's objective is not out of the scope of the VRAMP Project. Specifically, it is to develop sustainable financial mechanisms and institutions to effectively carry out the maintenance, upgrade and management of road assets and the socio-economic development of the main economic areas in the North and Central regions. For short-term objectives: i) To carry out maintenance for some roads through different types of contracts to provide an efficient and sustainable management mechanism for maintenance of road system, ii) To upgrade important roads in the North, iii) To strengthen capacity for a number of road management units in Vietnam. The subproject implementation duration is expected to be two years, from 2021 to 2022. The total implementation cost of the subproject is USD 24.54 million.

Legal and technical basis for ESIA

The environmental assessment conducted during the preparation of the subproject has determined that the subproject has been classified as a Category B subproject. The environmental and social safeguards policies to be applied to the subproject include: Environmental assessment (OP / BP 4.01); Indigenous peoples (OP / BP 4.10) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP / BP 4.12).

Description of the subproject

The sub-project is expected to invest in constructing a new bypass route of Son La city, Highway 6, section Km289 + 950-Km308 + 820. The length of route is 19.5 km, of which: (i) The route section from Km289 + 950 - Km292 + 255.76: Road standard of grade III, plain; road bed width is 12.0m, road surface width is 7.0m; design speed is 80km / h; (ii) Route section from Km292 + 255.76 - Km308 + 820: Road standard of grade III of mountainous area; road bed width is 9.0m, road surface width is 6.0m; design speed is 60km / h. The works on the route are invested synchronously including: 38 drainage culverts, 02 traffic bridges and 01 underground tunnel, protection works, traffic safety and drainage system along the route. The sub-project will be implemented for a period of 22 months (starting in 2021 and ending in 2022).

Social and environmental condition

In October 2020, it has been conducted examing and analysis of 12 air samples, 9 surface water samples, 9 groundwater samples, and 9 soil samples to assess the quality of the background environment in the subproject area. The results of the field survey and environmental monitoring show that the quality of the air, surface water, groundwater, and soil is quite good.

The works are located within Mai Son district and Son La city, but the route mostly passes through cultivated areas of the people or unused land, except for some beginning and end sections of the route and other points intersecting with some existing roads which pass through residential areas, however, the density is not large. Some sensitive works / areas include: Chieng Co Primary School, Chieng Co Secondary School, Chieng Co Commune market, Ban Mong Hot hot spring Resort, intersection at the beginning of route with NH6, intersection at the end of the route with QL6, and QL4G intersection. There are no affected

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provincephysical Cultural Resources in the subproject area.

Social and Environmental Impacts and Risks

The ESIA has identified negative impacts and potential risks of the subproject. Most of the impacts are temporary, local and reversible due to medium-sized structures. These impacts can be mitigated by applying appropriate technology and specific mitigation measures, and the contractor must closely monitor and consult with local people.

General impacts

Dust, exhaust gas, noise, vibration, wastewater, solid waste from construction activities and workers' daily life: These impacts can be considered low to moderate and can be mitigated.

Specific impacts

Land acquisition impact: Expectedly, the subproject will affect 731 households, of which 32 households will have to displace. Data on acquisition of land, on-land assets, crops and trees will be updated in the Due diligence report and implementation plan of compensation, assistance and resettlement policy of the subproject.

Impacts on the water environment.

Impacts on the water environment include: The intersection of the road with Nam La stream and Ban Hom stream. Excavation and backfilling to reinforce bridge abutments and piers contribute to increasing the amount of suspended solid waste that is washed into the downstream. In addition, storm water can wash away the pollutants in the area (construction materials, soil, sand, grease and waste,...) to aquatic areas (Nam La stream and Ban Hom stream) that cause water pollution. This impact is assessed from LOW to MEDIUM, temporary and can be mitigated

Impacts due to erosion, subsidence and damage to the existing structure: The process of construction, piling, soil excavation in some locations such as construction of Ban Hom bridge, Ban Sang bridge, underground tunnel or in some areas with weak foundation may pose the risks of subsidence or damage to surrounding structures. The impact is assessed to be high in case of rain, otherwise it is assessed to be LOW and can be mitigated by suitable construction method and duration.

Impact on agricultural production: The route partially passes through the industrial crops and fruit trees land area... of the people (the route sections such as Km291 + 164 to Km292 + 200, km 293 + 470 to km 295, Noong Duc commune, Km 303 + 600 to km 308 + 820 ...). These households lose a small part of their production land during the construction process, which affect their cultivation (waste, wastewater, construction materials spilling into the fields, dust affecting the growth of trees). This impact is assessed as SMALL and can be mitigated.

Impact on groundwater quality: due to pile driving of Ban Hom and Ban Sang bridges. In the process of pile drilling, bentonite with additives will absord in the aquifer, infiltrate into the water courses and contaminate the water. The impact is assessed to be MINOR and mitigable.

Impacts on sensitive structures: The construction of route will affect 07 sensitive structures. Dust, noise, vibration, traffic accidents during the construction process will affect the learning, teaching and transportation of students or the access to the market for trading agricultural goods. In addition, it causes the potential traffic accidents at the intersections of the route with the existing National Highways. This impact is assessed to be MINOR and mitigable.

Mitigation mueasures

Mitigation measures for general impacts

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceThe detailed environmental and social mitigation measures for each impact source, respectively during subproject phases, include: (i) general impact mitigation measures (ESCOPs); (ii) site-specific impact mitigation measures; and (iii) measures to minimize impacts on sensitive receptors.

Mitigation measures for specific impacts

Social impacts: (i) Mitigation measures are taken for impacts from land acquisition in the subproject area and shown detail in RAP; and (ii) construction options which require the smallest land acquisition area are prioritized.

Mitigation of impacts on water environment: construction should be carried out section by section; wastewater will be collected into sediment pits before being discharged into the environment; waste disposal into rivers/stream must be banned, construction materials must be covered with canvas and gathered in the places far from water sources; the residual dredged materials will be transported to landfills daily.

Mitigation of impacts due to erosion, subsidence and damage to existing structures: Local people must be informed of construction schedule; reinforcement before excavation of hole and drilling is required; vibration must be closely monitored; Do not conduct dredging in the rainy season, place heavy machines near rivers, canals and ditches.

Mitigation of impacts on agricultural production: The community must be informed of the construction progress at least two weeks before construction; Arrange drainage around the site to avoid soil and sediment erosion into field and drainage system; Regularly check the irrigation canals in the affected fields to ensure that the canals are not clogged by soil or construction wastes and, if affected, provide alternative irrigation water from river/stream to the place. that people ask for; Immediately repair irrigation canals in case of being affected by construction activities to ensure water supply for fields; Close consultation with local communities to ensure appropriate resolution of community issues and concerns related to construction activities is addressed.

Minimize impacts on groundwater quality: Arrange drainage system around construction sites to prevent soil erosion from affecting groundwater quality; Regularly collect waste water and waste so as not to cause inundation ... to limit the absorption of waste into the underground water layer; Collect hazardous waste, waste oil and grease to avoid leaking into the soil environment and underground layers; Consult with local communities to ensure that appropriate solutions to the issues and issues related to community during the construction process are implemented.

Minimize impacts on traffic at the bridge construction area: Ensuring the contract requires the contractor, before starting construction, to provide a construction plan with a detailed plan related to the areas including y health, safety, environment and traffic management for local authorities and approved by Construction Supervision Consultants; Notify local residents in advance (at least one week) of construction schedules and service disruptions, transportation routes. Notify the community of the night plan at least 2 days in advance; Installation and maintenance of the site bulletin, including the following: full name and phone number of the Contractor, Site Manager, Supervision Consultant and the subproject Owner, duration and scope construction; The Contractor should ensure lighting at all construction sites at night; Security guards at construction sites to inspect vehicles entering and exiting the construction area; Installing construction warning signs at the construction site and keeping signs throughout the construction period; Waste soil and stone will be transported out of the construction area during the day. Do not transport waste soil and stone during rush hour; Limit construction areas within designated area boundaries; Designation of traffic control personnel during transportation, loading and unloading, at construction sites and disposal sites.

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceMinimize impacts due to business disruption: Inform business households along the route of construction activities and potential impacts such as waste, dust, noise, traffic and little construction progress. at least 02 weeks before starting construction; Create safe and easy access for households such as placing thick or thick wooden boards or steel sheets on ditches or pits; Do not gather materials and waste within 20m from the location of business households and shops; Do not use machines that cause loud noise and high vibration levels near business households; Watering enough to remove dust during dry and windy days at least three times a day in areas close to business households; Arrange personnel to guide traffic during construction, transportation, loading and unloading of construction materials and waste, and to protect against high-risk activities; Clear the construction area at the end of the day, especially the construction area in front of the business store; Managing the workforce to avoid conflicts with local people and business households; Compensation for goods and products damaged by construction activities of the subproject; Immediately address any problems caused by construction activities and caused by household businesses.

Minimize impacts on sensitive structures: Inform people of construction time; Do not transport, use high-noise machinery and do not conduct construction of items that emit a lot of dust and noise through the school area during the rush hours in the morning and afternoon; Installing fences and barriers for danger warning areas/restricted areas around construction areas with potential risks to the community; Requesting employees to strictly comply with the labor regulations; Recruit local labor.

Environmental and Social Management Plan

The ESMP of the subproject includes measures to minimize negative impacts, roles and responsibilities for ESMP implementation, supervisors, environmental compliance framework, reporting organization, and environment monitoring program, capacity building program and ESMP implementation costs. Estimated cost of USD 52,950.

During the construction process, ESMP requires the participation of a number of stakeholders and agencies, each with a unique role and responsibility, including the PMU3, Department of Natural Resources & Environment of Son La Province, Contractor, Construction supervision consultant (CSC), Independent environmental monitoring consultant (IEMC) and local community.

Community consultation and Information dissemination

Community consultation: Public consultation activities were conducted in 2 District/City in 06 wards/communes of Son La city and Mai Son district in October 2020. The consultation was conducted with representatives of government agencies and union organizations. such as: Representatives of People's Committee, Vietnam Fatherland Front Committee, Women's Union, households affected by the subproject. The local authority and people in the commune/ward in the construction area are completely in agreement on the implementation of the subproject, which will bring about socio-economic and environmental benefits. However, 06 affected wards/communes all require environmental sanitation during construction, especially limiting dust, waste, causing damage to roads and need to be completed quickly to ensure progress.Dissemination of information: The draft ESIA in Vietnamese was published at the offices of 06 wards/communes in October 2020 to conduct public consultation. The final ESIA in Vietnamese was published at the offices of 06 wards/communes on December 18, 2020. The final version of ESIA in English was disclosed at the World Bank’s external website on December 18, 2020.

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CHAPTER 1. SUBPROJECT INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION

1.1. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SUBPROJECT

1.1.1. General background of the subproject

Vietnam Road Asset Management Project (VRAMP) using World Bank loans has a total investment of USD 301.5 million, equivalent to VND 6,305.50 billion (of which, WB loan is USD 250 million, non-refundable aid of DFAT is AUD 1.7 million, equivalent to USD 1.5 million and the counterpart fund of the Government of Vietnam is USD 50 million). The Ministry of Transport (MOT) is the Project Owner, Directorate for Roads of Vietnam (GSO) is the Project Investor and Project Management Unit 3 (PMU3) is the Management and Implementation Agency.

An Loan Agreement was signed on January 14, 2014 for the VRAMP project and took effect from April 11, 2014 to December 31, 2020, Loan number 5331-VN. VRAMP project includes 04 Components:

- Component A - Road Asset Management (USD 8.5 million from IDA fund and USD 1.5 million from DFAT fund);

- Component B - Road Asset Maintenance (USD 156.4 million from IDA fund)

- Component C - Road Asset Improvement (USD 133.4 million, of which USD 83.4 million from IDA fund and USD 50 million from counterpart fund of Vietnam Government);

- Component D - Capacity building for Directorate for Roads of Vietnam (USD 1.7 million from IDA fund).

The VRAMP project was approved in Official letter No. 1291/TTg-QHQT dated August 28, 2012 by the Prime Minister (under the provisions of Decree No. 131/2006 / ND-CP dated November 9, 2006 and Decree No. 38/2013/ND-CP dated April 23, 2013). On that basis, the Ministry of Transport approved the project investment in accordance with Decision No. 3068 / QD-BGTVT dated October 4, 2013. The Agreement was signed between the Government of Vietnam and the World Bank on January 14, 2014, and took effect from April 11, 2014. Up to now, the initial investment objectives of VRAMP project have basically been completed, in which: (1) construction and installation items of the project on NH.2, NH.6, and NH. 38B, QL.39 and NH.48 have been completed; (2) it is being conducted the maintenance of NH.2, NH.6 in accordance with the quality until 2020; (3) Up to now, the contents of legal support.

Due to saving cost through bidding, provision for devaluation, and fluctuation of exchange rate between SDR and USD, VRAMP project has ODA surplus fund of about USD 38.39 million (equivalent to about VND 895 billion), and the counterpart surplus fund of about VND 313 billion. The VRAMP project was highly appreciated by the World Bank sponsor and Ministries for investment quality, progress and efficiency at the World Bank's review and supervision meeting. In order to continue to promote the efficiency of investment capital, the Prime Minister has issued Document No. 1705 / QD-TTg dated November 29, 2019 on the approval of project investment policy, using the surplus fund for the three route sections of the project "Vietnam Road Asset Management" as follows:

- Construction of the Son La city bypass in Son La province (section NH6, Km289 + 950 - Km308 + 820).

- Upgrading and expanding of National Highway 2 (NH2) in Ha Giang province

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(section Km284 + 600 - Km285 + 995).

- Strenghening the pavement of National Highway (NH6) in Hoa Binh province (section Km 70+650-KM 78+300)

This environmental and social impact assessment report has been developed for the subproject of construction of Son La City Bypass (section NH6, Km289 + 950 - Km308 + 820).

1.1.2. Objectives of the subproject

Overall objective: To develop socio-economic condition in the northern key economic region, reduce transportation costs, limit traffic congestion and accidents, establish the basis and method to perform the scientific and effective maintenance, upgrade and management of Vietnam's road assets.

Specific objectives of the subproject:

- The implemented subproject will be the basis for the development, promoting the economic, cultural and social development of Son La province and contributing to sustainable development of Son La city in accordance with the Urban of catergory III.

- The subproject is implemented to separate the intercity traffic flow to ensure against traffic congestion, ensure traffic safety, ensure aesthetics and the convenience for exploitation.

- Socio-economic development, development of tourism or investment attraction for provinces in the northern mountainous region;

- Development of diplomacy, playing the role of the international link with Laos and China;

- Serving security and defense;

- Development of cross roads to highlands and remote areas on both sides of national highways, forming a traffic network for the entire Northwestern region.

1.2. LEGAL AND TECHNICAL BASIS OF ESIA PREPARATION

The subproject of construction of the Son La city bypass will comply with current Laws on Environmental Protection of the Government of Viet Nam (GoV) and the World Bank (WB), as follows:

1.2.1. Legal documents and technical standards of GoV

Laws

- Law on Environmental Protection (LEP) No. 55/2014/QH13 passed by the 13thNational Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on June 23, 2014 and effective from January 01st, 2015;

- The Law on Construction No. 50/2014/QH13 passed by the 7th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 18th June 2014 and effective from January 01st, 2015;

- Land Law No. 45/2013/QH13 of the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 29, 2013 and effective from July 01, 2014;

- Law on Water Resources No. 17/2012/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of Vietnam, 3rd session dated June 21, 2012;

- Labor Law No. 10/2012/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated June 18, 2012;

- Law on Urban Planning No. 30/2009/QH12 the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated June 17, 2009;

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La province- Law on Biodiversity No. 20/2008/QH12 passed by the 12th National Assembly of the

Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 13, 2008;

- Law on Children No. 102/2016/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated April 5, 2016;

- Law on Chemicals No. 06/2007/QH12 passed by the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 21, 2007;

- Law on amendment and supplement of a number of articles of Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting No.40/2013/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 22, 2013.

- Law on Road Transport No. 23/2008/QH12 passed by the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 13, 2008;

- Law on Complaints No. 02/2011/QH13 issued on November 11, 2011;

- Law on Cultural Heritages No. 10/VBHN-VPQH issued on July 23, 2013;

- Law on Occupational Safety and Health No. 84/2015/QH13 issued on June 25, 2015;

- Law on dykes No. 79/2006/QH11 issued on November 29, 2006;

- Law on plant protection and quarantine No. 41/2013/QH13 issued on November 25, 2013.

- Irrigation Law No. 08/2017 / QH14 approved by the 14th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on June 19, 2017 and took effect on July 1, 2018.

Decrees

- Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP dated February 14th, 2015 of the Government on environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental management plan;

- Decree No. 40/2019/ND-CP dated May 13rd, 2019 of the Government on amendments to decrees on guidelines for the law on environment protection;

- Decree No. 19/2015/ND-CP dated February 14, 2015 of the Prime Minister detailing the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Environmental Protection;

- Decree No. 59/2015/ND-CP dated June 18, 2015 of the Government on management of construction investment projects;

- Decree No. 42/2017/ND-CP dated April 05, 2017 of the Government on amendment and supplement of a number of articles of the Government’s Decree No. 59/2015/ND-CP dated June 18, 2015 on management of construction investment projects;

- Decree No. 16/2016/ND-CP dated March 16, 2016 of the Government on management and use of official development assistance concessional loans granted by foreign sponsors;

- Decree No. 46/2015/ND-CP dated May 12, 2015 of the Government on quality management of construction works;

- Decree No. 201/2013/ND-CP dated November 27, 2013 of the Government detailing implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Water Resources;

- Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP dated April 24, 2015 of the Government on management of waste and discarded materials.

- Decree No. 80/2014/ND-CP dated August 06, 2014 of the Government on wastewater drainage and treatment;

- Decree No. 43/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 by the Government detailing the

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https://vndoc.com/luat-an-toan-ve-sinh-lao-dong-2015-so-84-2015-qh13/download


implementation of some articles of the Land Law 2013.

- Decree No. 44/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 of the Government regulating land prices.

- Decree No. 47/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 of the Government providing regulations on compensation, support and resettlement when the State recovers land.

- Decree No. 155/2016/NĐ-CP dated November 18, 2016 of the Government on sanctioning of administrative violations in the field of environmental protection;

- Decree No. 154/2016/ND-CP dated November 16, 2016 of the Government on environmental protection charges for wastewater;

- Decree No. 67/2018 / ND-CP dated May 14, 2018 of the Government detailing a number of articles of the Irrigation Law, effective from July 1, 2018;

- Decree No. 113/2010/ND-CP dated December 03, 2010 of the Government stipulating determination of damages to the environment.

Circulars

- Circular No. 25/2019/TT-BTNMT dated December 31, 2019 of MONRE on elaborating some articles of the Government’s Decree No. 40/2019/ND-CP dated May 13, 2019 on amendments to decrees on guidelines for the Law on Environmental protection and providing for management of environmental monitoring services

- Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated June 30, 2015 of MONRE on management of hazardous wastes;

- Circular No. 37/2014/TT-BTNMT dated June 30, 2014 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment detailing compensation, support and resettlement when the State recovers land;

- Circular 30/2014/TT-BTNMT on land allocation, land lease, conversion of land use purpose and land acquisition;

- Circular No. 32/2013/TT-BTNMT dated October 25, 2013 of MONRE on promulgation of national technical regulations on environment;

- Circular No. 30/2011/TT-BTNMT dated August 01, 2011 of MONRE on technical procedures for monitoring groundwater.

- Circular No. 19/2016/TT - BYT dated June 30, 2016 of MOH on guidelines for occupational health and safety management;

- Circular No. 22/2010/TT-BXD dated December 03, 2010 of MOC on labor safety in work construction.

Applicable standards and regulations

- QCVN 01:2009/BYT: National technical regulation on drinking water quality.

- QCVN 02:2009/BYT: National technical regulation on domestic water quality.

- QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT– National technical regulation on surface water quality;

- QCVN 09-MT 2015/BTNMT– National technical regulation on ground water quality.

- QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on domestic wastewater.

- QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality.

- QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on hazardous substances in ambient air.

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La province- QCVN 26/2016/BYT - National technical regulation on microclimate - Permissible value

of microclimate in the workplace;

- QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNTM - National technical regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metals in the soils;

- QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise;

- QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT -National technical regulation on vibration;

- TCVN 6705:2009 - Normal solid wastes - Classification;

- TCVN 6706:2009 - Hazardous wastes – Classification;

- QCVN 07:2009/BTNM: National technical regulation on hazardous waste thresholds.

- TCVN 7957:2008 - Drainage and sewerage - External networks and facilities - Design standard.

- TCXDVN 33:2006 - Water supply - Distribution system and facilities - Design standard.

- TCXDVN 260:2002 – Kindergarten – Design standard

- QCVN 07:2016/BXD: National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure Works

- QCXD VN 01:2008/BXD – Vietnam building code –Building planning;

- QCVN 22:2016/BYT -National technical regulation on lighting - Permissible levels of lighting in the workplace;

- QCVN 24:2016/BYT – National technical regulation on noise - Permissible exposure levels of noise in the workplace;

- QCVN 26:2016/BYT - National technical regulation on microclimate - Permissible value of microclimate in the workplace;

- QCVN 27:2016/BYT - National technical regulation on vibration - Permissible levels in the workplace;

- QCVN 18:2014/BXD - National technical regulation on Safety in Construction.

Legal documents related to the subproject

- Decision No. 1705/QD-Ttg dated November 29, 2019 by the Prime Minister on approving the investment policy of the Project, using surplus capital for 3 route sections of the Project "Vietnam Road Asset Management ", loan fund from WB.

- Decision No. 2297/QĐ-BGTVT dated December 11, 2020 by the Ministry of Transport on approving the adjustment of investment in the Vietnam Road Asset Management Project using the World Bank capital

- Document No. 6950/BGTVT-KHĐT dated July 26, 2019 by the Ministry of Transport on approving the investment policy of three route sections using the surplus capital of VRAMP project, WB loans.

- Decision No. 3068/QD-BGTVT dated October 4, 2013 by the Ministry of Transport on approving the investment of Vietnam Road Asset Management Project using World Bank loans.

- Document No. 51/UBND-TH dated January 4, 2018 by the People's Committee of Son La province on the commitment to allocate local capital to conduct site clearance for construction of Son La city bypass, using the surplus capital of VRAMP project;

- Document No. 77/NQ-HDND dated April 04, 2018 by the People's Council of Son La province approving the plan to allocate capital from the provincial budget to carry out

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compensation, support and resettlement on the Highway 6 (bypass section in Son La city, Son La province).

1.2.2. Environmental and social safeguards policies and guidelines of WB

The Son La City bypass subproject has been reviewed and screened by the World Bank for environmental and social issues and ranked B in accordance with the environmental classification criteria in the Environmental Assessment Policy (OP/BP. 4.01) by WB. The subproject has the risk of causing small to medium negative impacts on the environment and society, has the specificity in the subproject area, and it can prevent or minimize negative impacts. In order to ensure that negative impacts are fully identified with associated mitigation measures, the Investor has developed an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) report to comply with the requirements of environmental and social management of the World Bank and Vietnam. The negative impacts of the subproject will be addressed through the consistent application of mitigation measures as outlined in the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) as an integral part of the ESIA, including a plan for the monitoring and through the application of the health and safety requirements for construction workers. ESMP implementation will be a mandatory requirement for the Investor and construction contractors participating in the subproject.

(1) Level of VRAMP

The World Bank safeguard policies have been applied: (a) Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01); (b) Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10); and (c) Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12).

(2) Level of the Son La City bypass subproject

Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01)1

The subproject construction includes: i) construction of road; ii) construction of vertical and horizontal drainage systems; iii) construction of traffic bridges and underground tunnels; and iv) protection works. The construction and operation of the subproject will cause negative impacts on environment and society that require appropriate measures detailed in the following chapters of ESIA.

Most of the potential adverse impacts are related to land acquisition and road construction activities, including known construction impacts and risks as: i) explosives risk; ii) increase of dust, noise, and vibration levels; iii) pollution risks associated with the generation of waste and wastewater, especially the large amount of roadbed excavation materials; iv) traffic disturbance and increase of traffic safety risks; iv) disruption of existing infrastructure and services; v) disturbance of daily socio-economic activities in the subproject area and social disturbance; vi) health and safety issues related to the community and workers at the construction site; vii) social impacts related to the mobilization of workers to the site... Potential impacts during operation process include impacts on traffic safety of the newly constructed road. Impacts may include urbanization along the constructed road. However, it is not anticipated that there will be significant cumulative and induced effects during construction and operation process.

Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10)2

According to social screening and assessment results, there are ethnic minorities living in the

1Full treatment of OP/BP 4.01 can be found at the Bank website: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:20543912~menuPK:1286357~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:584435,00.html2 Detail of OP/BP 4.10 is available at http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/447361478156710826/pdf/109710-REVISED-PUBLIC-IP-lessons-text-10-31-16web-links.pdf

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http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:20543912~menuPK:1286357~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:584435,00.html


Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provincesubproject area, including Thai, Muong, Mong, Tay, Dao and Nung. Thai ethnic minority people account for the vast majority with 465 households affected who are living in 6 communes/wards of Son La city and Mai Son district.

The Ethnic minorities and Kinh people in the subproject area have the same form of political, socio-economic institutions and are organized by village / hamlet, commune / ward, district rather than living in isolation or organized by customary law. Ethnic minority households live together with the Kinh and other ethnic minorities, live in the peri-urban areas and near the current National Highway 6, near the communal administrative center, the village cultural house and they easily access to other social services such as commune / ward health stations, district and provincial hospitals, schools, entertainment areas, etc.

Involuntary resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)3

The screening of subproject shows that it will affect 731 households on which 32 households will be relocated in six communes/wards of Son La city and Mai Son district. These impacts will cause significant social risks such as loss of income/ livelihoods and effect on social security/order due to the loss of land and/or relocation. However, all impacts and risks are significant, can be mitigated and managed by applying all mitigation measures including design options, compensation at replacement cost, allocation of land in resettlement sites in wards/communes for relocated households, support for livelihood restoration for severely affected and vulnerable households. All potential social impacts and related mitigation measures have been included in the due diligence report and implementation plan of compensation, assistance and resettlement of the subproject.

Environmental, Health, and Safety Guideline of World Bank 4

WB-funded subprojects need to consider the General Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) Guidelines. These guidelines are technical references with general examples and specific examples in Good International Industry Practice.

The ESHS Guidelines include implementation levels and measures that are acceptable to the World Bank and are generally considered to be attainable in new facilities at a reasonable cost and existing technology. The environmental assessment process may be proposed levels (high or low) or alternatives, if acceptable to the Bank, which may be specific requirements for each subproject and site. This subproject is required to comply with the General Environmental, Social, Health and Safety Guidelines.

In addition, ESIA report must also comply with international conventions in which Vietnam is a signatory (for example: International Water Resources, Climate Change ...). Furthermore, the World Bank's environmental, social, health and safety working groups will guide project-through information on environmental, social, health and safety issues related to the investment. The environmental guidelines related to ESIA report include emissions sources, ambient air quality, noise, wastewater, solid waste, and water quality.

1.3. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT

1.3.1. Subpeoject location

The scope of the subproject is located in Son La city and Mai Son district with 6 wards / communes including:

- Mai Son district: Chieng Mung and Chieng Ban communes

- Son La City: communes and wards of Chieng Sinh, Hua La, Chieng Coi, Chieng Co.

3 Detail of OP/BP 4.12 is available at http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:20543978~menuPK:1286647~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:584435,00.html4 ESHS guideline may be referred to www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/Content/EnvironmentalGuidelines.

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceThe starting point of the subproject: T-Junction to Mai Son, Na Ha 2 village, Chieng Mung commune, Mai Son district (section NH6, Km289 + 950).

The end point of the subproject: Connecting to the local bypass of Son La pass, at Hom village, Chieng Co commune, Son La city (section NH6, Km308 + 820).

Total length of the whole route is 18.87 km

Figure 1: Subproject location

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1.3.2. Detailed description of the subproject's investment items

Table 1: Detailed description of the subproject's investment items

No. Items Characteristics of works Investment scale Land

acquisition, resettlement

Images

1 Son La city bypass

Location: 6 communes/ wards of Chieng Sinh, Hua La, Chieng Coi, Chieng Co, Chieng Mung, Chieng Ban.Land use status: mainly passing through hilly land, alternating with valleys where industrial crops (coffee) and fruit trees are planted. The route follows the mountain slopes and passes the left of existing NH6. The first part of the subproject's route coincides with the old NH6 (approximately 380m in length), then the route goes through the hilly area behind the residential area with a length of about 1.926m, the next part is completely new. Current technical status: This is a new route, the topography is mainly hilly land. The average altitude is from 650m to 750m.

- The total length of the whole route is 18.87 km, divided into 02 sections:- Section from Km289 + 950 - Km292 + 255.76 (L=2.3km): Road standard of grade III, plain; road foundation W=12.0m, road surface W=7.0m; design speed is 80km/h. - Section from Km292 + 255.76 - Km308 + 820 (L=16.57km): Road standard of grade III, mountainous area; road foundation W=9.0m, road surface W= 6.0m; design speed is 60km/h.- Works on the route include: 02 traffic bridges, 01 underground tunnel, 38 drainage culverts and traffic safety system

No. of affected HHs: 731No. of relocated HHs: 32

Subproject location

12.00

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Images

Current residential status: residential area is only available at the beginning (about 2,306m) and the end of the route (about 50m).

Cross section of Km289+950 - Km292+255,76

Cross section of Km292+255,76 - Km308+820

The beginning of route The middle of route The end of route

Status of Son La city bypass

2 Works on the route

2.1 Ban Hom 1 bridge

Location: At Km306 + 733.00, located in Chieng Co Commune, Son La City.The bridge is newly built across Ban Hom stream, residents living about 300m far from the bridge. The bridge is built at the intersection between the

L = 18m. The total length of the bridge to the abutment is L = 28.6m. Using prefabricated reinforced concrete I beams.The cross section width of the bridge is 9m, including:- 02 motorized lanes, each

-

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Images

subproject's road and the road to Chieng Co commune.

lane is 4.0m width;- 02 balustrade edges with 0.5m width of each side

Site and cross section of Ban Hom 1 bridge

Image of construction location of Ban Hom 1 bridge

2.2 Ban Sang bridge

Location: At Km302 + 160,325 in Hua La Commune, Son La City.The bridge is newly built across Nam La stream, residents living about 100m far from the bridge. The bridge is built at the intersection between the subproject's route and the road to the Ban Mong hot spring resort.

L = 48m. The total length of the bridge to the abutment L = 60.65m. Using two bridge spans of prefabricated reinforced concrete I beams.The cross section width of the bridge is 9m, including:- 02 motorized lanes, each lane is 4.0m width;- 02 balustrade edges with 0.5m width of each side

-

The site and cross section of Ban Sang bridge

Image of construction location of Ban Sang bridge

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Images

2.3 Residential underground tunnel

Location: At Km298 + 769.27 in Chieng Ban commune, Son La city.

Status: The works is built at the intersection between the subproject's route and Hoang Van Thu road. There is no residential area around the works area, mainly hilly land and productive land of the people of Chieng Coi commune.

The nearest residential area is about 1km far from the construction site.

- L = 29.4m - Size: B = 6.0m, h = 4.5m.- Prefabricated reinforced concrete

-

The site and cross section of underground tunnel

Image of construction location of residential underground tunnel

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Images

2.4 Drainage and traffic safety system

Location: 6 communes/ wards of Chieng Sinh, Hua La, Chieng Coi, Chieng Co, Chieng Mung, Chieng Ban.

Status: This is a newly constructed road so there has been no drainage system. The drainage system in the subproject area is mainly a topographic natural drainage system,

The people live mainly along the beginning of the route (with a length of about 2.3km) and the end of route (with a length of about 1.0km).

- The culvert is permanently designed by reinforced concrete. - Types of culverts: round culverts, assembled box culverts and onsite box culverts. - Traffic protection works on the route such as retaining walls, sidewalks, signs, painted lines, poles...

-

Design drainage ditches along the route

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1.3.3. Construction methods

Therefore, the construction plan and technologies will be based on each type of works item, specifications, construction conditions at the site and requirements on constructions. Designs and construction activities must closely comply with construction standards, regulations and practices of Vietnam and refer to international standards, regulations and practices applicable in Vietnam. The subproject’s works construction methods which are excerpted from the subproject’s “Feasibility Study” are presented below.

1. General construction methods

- Site preparation: handing over the site to the construction contractor.

- The mobilization of manpower, construction equipment; agreement, asking for building permission.

- Before construction, the contractor must carry out the restoration of the marker and heart piles. The system of marker and heart piles must be confirmed and accepted by the supervision consultant before construction. The Contractor must install additional piles for the construction, especially in special places such as slope, detours, the transition between excavation and embankment. The markers must be fixed with piles and auxiliary landmarks and carefully protected to be able to quickly restore the main landmarks to their design positions when it is necessary to inspect the construction.

- The requirements of the positioning and moulding are to identify the positions: heart, construction axis, embankment roof foot, top edge of excavated embankment, foot to prevent falling of soil, border of foundation, material pit edge, width of boundary ditches, cross-sections of excavation or embankment, etc. The location of the works should be witnessed by the CSC, and the measurement records should be kept for future inspection.

- Clearing the ground: removing all kinds of obstacles, work structures that exist in the construction scope. All objects such as trees, stumps, roots, grass, trash and other obstructions, must be removed, cleaned and transported out of the site and then disposed at designated sites. Clearance, digging of holes and ditch will be carried out to the required depth of excavation work within the construction site.

- Bridges, culverts and drainage structures located on the roads being used will not be removed or dismantled without proper traffic assurance measures.

- The road surface within the removal area must be dug to the specified depth. If the excavated material is not utilized as required, it will be crushed by pieces with a size not exceeding 300mm, gathered and transported to the regulated place;

- The removal of the pavement layer should be done carefully to avoid damaging the adjacent sections of the pavement or adjacent structures that are indicated in their original position.

- Materials obtained during the preparation of a construction site, which are determined to be reused for other work items, will be gathered at the specified location within the site. The determination of the suitability of salvaged materials is assessed by experimental measures or the evaluation and approval of the CSC.

- Materials, which are identified as non-suitability and cannot be reused, will be considered as waste material and transported or disposed at the specified location.

- The Contractor is responsible for obtaining permits for the waste material gathering sites.

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- Leveling work to create the site for casting structures and materials gathering site: Embank the site with materials utilized from the excavation foundation (organic excavation, molding, beching), leveling, and filling with K90 tightness. It is spread the compacted grade 2 macadam layer K95 to create the surface.

- Construction of camps and equipment gathering yards

2. Road bed preparation methods (mountain/hill breaking by using baking powder)

The subproject will not use explosive to break rock which are aimed at minimizing the impact of blasting works on the people and the surrounding environment. The subproject shall use the pattern set mining to break the rock. The process of breaking down of rocks by using baking powder includes: Drilling holes - mixing powders - grouting - separation of rock reactions.

Drilling holes:

- Creating holes that you are drilled to grouted from 36-42mm (optimal diameter of 38mm).

- Bore depth: maximum 8.0m, at least ought to have been four times compared to the borehole diameter.

- Drill angles: It is the most suitable with drilling a straight hole. In the case of thickness of the building blocks, it is necessary to drill at an angle of 45-60 ° with the surface of the material to allow the hole that reach a depth greater than 4 times the hole diameter. It can avoid powder spillage and increase the separation efficiency.

- Distance between holes: It will depends on the type of rock, the size of the rock block to be separated, the number of free faces... For each type of rock and concrete to be drilled, grouting first to determine the official drilling distance for the break-down plan. When using holes φ38 or φ40, the distance between the holes is as follows:

Quilted stone: 35-45cm

Average hard rock: 30-40cm

Very hard stone: 25-35cm.

Mix the flour

- Tools:

Mix bucket has a capacity of 10 -15 liters

Mixing equipment: The drill installed a "T" hook at the top. It can be mixed by hand using a mixing stick of 3 - 5cm width.

Water bottle measurements.

Protective equipment: goggles, rubber gloves, face mask

- Mixed water

Using only clean, clear water (tap water, well water, rain water ...) But water must not contain oil or other organic impurities.

The temperature of broth is not above the allowable temperature for each of powder.

When the air temperature is above 30°C, you should use water with the temperature below 15 ° C for rock splitting type 1 powder.

- Mix the flour

Measuring ambient air temperature and choosing the appropriate powder. If flour is

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used at a temperature lower than the lower limit of the temperature range for each powder, the separation time will be greater. The temperature above the upper limit will be fast, but the powder is easily sprayed. If mixed and added flavor early in the morning, you should mix 1 bag of baking powder for each time.

Measuring 1.5-1.7 liters of clean water into the container, then slowly steep 1 bag (5kg) of rock breaking powder into the water and stir vigorously to absorb the powder evenly. Do not allow the powder to lump or loose unevenly. So one person pours the powder, the other a stir.

If stone or concrete exceeds 20 °, let’s add 150g of additional water for per bag (5kg)

If the rock breaking powder after stiring is difficult to pour into the hole, you can add 1 amount of water to mix it, but the total amount of water should not exceed 35% (1.8 liters for 5kg of rock splitting baking powder). More water, the swelling power of dough decreases.

Mixing time of 1 bag of flour (5kg) should be within 2-3 minutes

Grouting

- Grouting into the holes

After mixing within 5 minutes, the rock-split baking powder must be fully grouted into the bore holes. You can grout by pouring directly or using a funnel with wide openings. Pour slowly so that there are no large mortar blocks to fill the borehole to create an air pocket in the mortar column. You can use a piercing stick to make the mortar fall evenly and without air bags.

Blowing dust out of the holes, then pouring mortar into the holes so that the grout is 30mm from the holes. Fill one hole after another ones. From one to the other ones.

When the batch is completely loaded, scrape it off with a rubber pad, then wash through a new mixing device, continue mixing, and load another batch.

- Using a polyethylene bag lining the drill hole: When there is an empty slot, the thick clay layer between the material needs to be separated or exploited, constructed in a water environment, it is necessary to use a thin polyethylene pipe strip bag with a diameter larger than the diameter. Drill a little hole to line the hole. Use a pump with a pump nozzle to fill the grout from the bottom of the borehole and pump slowly while withdrawing. If the borehole has water, fasten the bag to prevent the mortar from being diluted by water.

Separation of rock reactions.

- The grouting holes after grouting do not need to be sealed and tightly plugged. In case of rain, nylon can be covered. Hot weather can block the hole directly from the drilled hole with damp leaves or grass.

- Wearing goggles when needed to check for cracks

- It is often use sually at 25oC, the stone will break apart after charging for 5.5 hours and the concrete is 3 hours.

- Waiting for the powder to expand before separating the rock before separating the rock or concrete to use up the effectiveness of the powder.

3. Road construction methods

Construction equipment

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- Machinery and equipment for the construction of foundation, road surface, bridges and culverts comply with the construction and acceptance process of each work item. The main equipment includes rollers, bulldozers, diggers, cranes, concrete pouring equipment, girders...

- Construction surveying machines: theodolite, hydro average machines, total stations, hammock measuring machines… ensure certain accuracy as required to measure and check during construction.

Preparation work

- It is combined manual construction and machine construction. The handover site must ensure sufficient construction area;

- Preparation of temporary camp areas, construction operation house, disposal sites, material gathering yards, casting sites ... materials and construction gathering sites must be ensured their quality. The intensity of construction materials must not be reduced when putting into construction;

- Construction operation house are located in convenient locations for travelling and inspection on the whole route, ensuring easy and convenient installation of communication systems. The facilities and equipment for the coordinating office must be adequate to ensure smooth operation: computers, telephones, fax machines…

Measurement and location of works, restoration of piles on the whole route:

- The location of the works must be consistent with the approved construction drawing, the positioning error must be consistent with the current regulations for each work item;

- The elevation and the coordinates of the construction points must be led from the standard elevation mark and the passing landmark system outside the construction scope.

Construction of roadbed

Construction of the roadbed according to the design geometry;

For normal embankment: Clearing the site, clearing, plucking up weeds, dredging mud, organic...;

Embankment of foundation in accordance with the design geometry elements.

Construction of rainwater and wastewater drainage system;

After backfilling the foundation pit of the rainwater and wastewater culvert, construction of K95 layer, completion of class K98.

Embanked roadbed: The embanked roadbed is designed depending on the height of embankment:

- The organic layer and surface mud layer of natural ground are removed with a thickness of 0.3 - 0.5m before embanking roadbed. The sections with large horizontal slope are bench-cut to expand the old road, width of B <2m. For sections passing ponds and lakes, field mud is removed from soft soil to good soil layer before embanking foundation.

- The embankment foundation mainly uses loam or sand-clay mixed with available gravel along the two sides of the route with the tightness of K95. The superficial layer of the roadbed is made of selective hilly soil with a thickness of 50cm, reaching the tightness of K98.

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- Embanked talus slope:

H < 6.0m of talus of 1/1.5;

H> 6.0m: it is benched, each step is 6m high, talus of 1/1.5. The guard step is 2m wide, 4% slopes pouring out (design consultant designed the 2m step-steep of 4% pouring out and reinforced masonry stone of M100 to agree with the project of upgrading NH6, section Son La - Tuan Giao and Hoa Binh - Son La Project)

- Embankment along rivers and streams: it is embanked over large basins, or highly embanked (Hap> 6m), talus slope is covered with protective stone.

- For some sections of the pass foot, when the embankment foundation is extended on the natural slope of more than 1/1.5, it is built retaining wall. Retaining wall has concrete structure of grade 200. It is gravity retaining wall.

Excavation foundation: Based on the specific geology of each section and the lying position of the rock and soil to design the new slope when constructing the excavation road foundation.

- Digging out and replacing with selective hilly soil with minimum depth of 30cm, compaction of K98. It is plowed and compacted K95 in the below layer.

- Talus slope excavating through the soil:

H 8.0m: 1 grade of talus 1/1.

H> 8.0m: every 8.0m, one grade of talus 1/1 is made.

- The sections dug through the rock foundation: it is depended on the geological conditions to be designed in accordance with TCVN4054 with the appropriate slope of digging (from 1 / 1.0 - 1 / 0.5).

- Between each grade, there should be 1 guardian with the width of 2.0m.

Construction structure of roadbed

- Compacted asphalt concrete (ballast 50%): E1 = 420 Mpa

- Compacted asphalt concrete (ballast 35%): E2 = 350 Mpa

- Standard ballast: E3 = 250 Mpa

- Rock and soil foundation: Eo40 Mpa

Enhanced pavement structure on the old road surface (the beginning of the route with a length of about 380m):

- Compacted asphalt concrete (ballast 50%): 5cm.


- Asphalt of 1.8 KG/m2

- Standard ballast of upper layer: 15cm.

- Compensate for warping by standard ballast.

Renewed and expanded road surface structure (for the entire sub-project route):



- Asphalt of 1.8 KG/m2


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- Standard ballast of lower layer: 23cm.

Residential road surface structure:


- Asphalt 1.8 KG/m2


Construction of drainage system

- Construction of the rainwater drainage system must comply with the construction scope and acceptance of the bridge and culvert 22 TCN 266-2000.

- Locate heart of drain

- Based on the inappropriate digging elevation or post-treatment elevation of the roadbed, it is conducted digging of holes and manhole to the designed elevation. It is reinforced and manhole foundation with melaleuca piles L = 3m, density 16 piles / m2 (if any);

- Prefabricate the body of manhole of the main types.

- Install formwork, concrete foundation, installation of prefabricated manhole body. The special manhole will be installed with formwork. Concrete will be casted in place for the entire manhole.

- Install culvert support blocks; install formwork, concrete culvert foundations; Install sewer pipes connecting the manhole.

- Concrete in place of tunnel frame, install water inlet and cover slab.

Construction of revetment

Before construction of the road surface, it is necessary to check Eo of the roadbed is ≥ 40MPa.

CPD layer construction complies with standards CPD foundation layer in automobile road structure - materials, construction and acceptance TCVN 8859-2011.

Construction of asphalt concrete layers to comply with the standards of hot asphalt concrete pavement - requirements for construction and acceptance in accordance with TCVN 8819-2011.

- Construction of the lower foundation aggregate.

- Construction of the upper foundation aggregate.

- Watering adhesion plastic by 1.0kg / m2, construction of concrete asphalt concrete 19 with thickness of 7cm.

- Watering adhesion plastic by 0.5kg / m2, construction of concrete asphalt concrete 12.5 with thickness of 5cm.

Construction of technical trench system

Positioning of trench route

- Heart of trench route is located in accordance with the manhole station of the design draw. The positioning process should check:

Refer to the well position with the centerline of route in accordance with the vertical direction of route;

Length of the trench between 2 manholes;

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Position of well, center of trech in accordance with horizontal direction from the designed centerline.

- If the figures do not match, it is necessary to find out the cause and take corrective measures before commencing construction.

Construction of work items

- Digging of the foundation to the designed height, absorbing water to ensure that the foundation hole is always dry and clean. In the event of groundwater, it is necessary to use a pump and a diversion plan to ensure the foundation pit is dry to avoid landslide in the pit. Excavated soil is transported to dump in designated places.

- Talus of digging foundations and manholes is 1: 1.

- Construction of trench foundation: construction of trench foundation lining.

- Construction of manhole foundation: lining of foundation, bottom of well, body of well to height of bottom edge of outer trench.

- Installation of trenches:

Before installation, it is necessary to check the height of the trench foundation, clear soil spilling in the trench foundation, and clean the foundation ...

Depending on the requirements of installing infrastructure works in the technical trench: electric cables, lighting cables, communication cables, water supply, pre-installing bpipes in the trench.

- Construction of the trench connection.

- Construction of the rest of the manholes.

Construction and completion of ancillary works

- Construction of lighting system;

- Construction of pavement, curbing strip, pavement structure;

- Planting grass on slope;

- Repairing small construction defects.

4. Bridge construction methods

Construction method of abutment

After completing the earthwork and embankment of the stream bed within the abutment, it is newly constructed abutment. The basic construction method is as follows:

- Locate and lower the temporary wall pipe;

- Drill piles, install reinforcement and concrete auger-cast piles;

- Check the quality of piles;

- Crush the pile head;

- Install formwork and reinforcement, concrete pile and beams;

- Complete the abutment.

- Embankment work behind abutment and construction of transition slab is only implemented after installing steel struts between abutments.

Construction method of approach span

- Casting beams at beam casting yards;

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- Transporting the beam to the bridge location and installing the beam by crane;

- Concrete the bridge deck in accordance with the certain stages that the design documents stipulate;

- Construct barrier edges;

- Construct expansion joints, pavements, bridge decks and completion of bridge

Some notes in the bridge construction process

- The above-mentioned construction methods are only for direction, depending on the actual conditions of construction units, it may be changed accordingly;

- Before construction, construction units need to establish detailed construction technologies and measures to submit to competent authorities for consideration and approval;

- Existing technical infrastructure works within the construction scope (if any) such as water pipes, cables, electric cables, power poles ... obstructing the construction process must be relocated by the management agencies. . Construction units need to ensure not to cause damage to the above systems during the construction process;

- The works is located in a crowded residential area and within the circulation of the road axis, so during the construction process, the construction unit must have a reasonable construction solution to ensure the safety for people and equipment and to minimize impacts on local traffic. During the construction of the bridge, the frontage road must ensure traffic circulation for all directions.

- Construction units should arrange construction at night and off-peak hours, avoid construction during peak hours.

Construction of abutment and stone embankments is only carried out in dry season.

1.3.4. List of equipment, machines

Table 2 provides a list of key equipment deployed for construction work. Depending on the nature of work, contractor capacity, and weather conditions the use of equipment may vary.

Table 2: The proposed list of equipment, machines use for subproject

No. Machines Quantity No. Machines Quantity

1 Bulldozer 110 CV 4 12 Fixed concrete mixing plant 30 m3/h 2

2 Excavator 0.45 m3 4 13 Cement truck 2

3 Dump truck 8 14 Truck transporting and mixing concrete 2

4 9 tons compactor 2 15 Concrete pumps 2

5 Rammer 6 16 Vibrator 1.5kW 4

6 Bending machine 5 KW 4 17 Compactor 1.5kW 2

7 Steel cutting machine 2 18 Concrete hammer 2

8 5 tons crane 2 19 Concrete drill 32 mm 2

9 Welding machine 50 KW 2 20 Concrete strength tester 2

10 Welding transformation 50 KW 2 21 Automotive pump 2

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11 Concrete mixing machine 750L 4 22 Generator 320 KVA 2

(Source: FS report, 2020)

1.3.5. Demand for Raw Materials, Fuels and Disposal Sites

Construction materials

According to the feasibility study report of the subproject, the demand for raw materials used for the construction subproject are presented in the following table:

Table 3: The list and quantity of raw materials used for subprojects

No. Demand for materials Unit Quantity

1 Total excavated soil m3 286,345.67

2 Total embanked soil m3 205,553.62

3 Types of stone m3 190,180.69

4 Types of sand m3 41,718.35

5 Cement Ton 17,094.31

6 Steel Ton 2,848.27

7 Horizontal drains Piece/m 38/597

8 Underground tunnel m 29.40

9 Types of concrete m3 39,184.48


Basing on Table 3, the volume of excess soil and rock to be transported to the disposal site of the subproject is respectively 80,812 m3. All of this excess soil is transported to two dumping sites of the subproject.

Supply source

Materials such as sand, earth materials and gravel will be purchased from suppliers in Son La city and nearby provinces.

- Steel, cement: steel purchased in Son La city and neighboring provinces.

- Hollow brick, solid brick, tiles: bought in Son La city and neighboring provinces.

All the materials shall be tested for the quality according to the current regulations. If the materials do not meet the technical standards, the contractor shall change to the other qualified sources. Demands for materials and technical supplies will be in accordance with the construction progress. The material supply will take into account the depreciation due to transport and unloading.

Table 4: Location of materials supply source

No.Name of

the borrow pit

Material characteri

sticsSupply source Distance and route of transport

1 Borrow pit in Bo So area

Clay mixed with gravel, reddish-brown

Location: Bo So area, Group 17, Chieng Sinh ward, Son La cityManagement unit:

People's Committee of

From the borrow pit, going along Hung Vuong road to Km290 + 300 of the subproject, the road is infused with asphalt, width B = 7m, length L = 1.2km, road grade IV in mountainous areas;

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No.Name of

the borrow pit

Material characteri


gray weathered stone

Chieng Sinh ward;Borrow pit reserve:

About 60,000 m3;

Total distance for transport by road from the borrow pit to Km290 + 300 of the subproject is 1.2km.

2 Borrow pit 01

Clay mixed with gravel, reddish-brown gray weathered stone

Location: Group 5, Chieng Sinh ward, Son La town;Management unit: Hop

Thanh 799 Son La Joint Stock Company;Borrow pit reserve:

About 2ha;-

- From the borrow pit, going along Hung Vuong road to Le Quy Don street, concrete road, B = 7m wide, L = 0.55km long, grade V of road in mountainous areas;

- Going straight along Le Quy Don street to NH4G road, asphalt road, width 7m, length L = 0.45km, signpost of no truck of> 10 tons, grade V of road in mountainous area;

- Turning right, along NH4G to Km292 + 180 of the subproject, concrete road, width B = 9m, length L = 0.1km, grade III of road in mountainous area;

- Total transport distance from the borrow pit to Km292 + 180 of the subproject is 1.1km.

3 Borrow pit 02


Location: Cang village, Chieng Sinh ward, Son La town;Management unit: Hop

Thanh 799 Son La Joint Stock Company;Borrow pit reserve:

About 3.5ha;

- From the borrow pit, going along Le Quy Don road to NH4G, concrete road, B = 9m wide, L = 0.6km long, grade III of road in mountainous areas;

- Going straight along NH4G road to Km292 + 180 of the subproject, concrete road, width B = 9m, length L = 0.4km, road grade III in mountainous area;

- Total transport distance by road from the borrow pit to Km292 + 180 of the subproject is 1.0km.

4 Ban Hin Borrow pit


Location: Hin village, Chieng An ward, Son La town;Management unit:

People's Committee of Chieng An ward;Borrow pit reserve:

About 5ha

- From the borrow pit, along the NH6 to the end of the route Km308 + 800 of the subproject, the asphalt road, B = 12m wide, L = 2.9 km long, the grade III of road in the mountainous area;

- Total transport distance by road from the borrow pit to the end of the route Km308 + 800 of the subproject is 2.9km.

5 Ban Pot Borrow pit


Location: Po village, Chieng Coi ward, Son La town;Management unit:

Hoang Phat NTF Joint Stock Company;Borrow pit reserve:

About 1,000,000 m3;

- From the borrow pit, going along Nguyen Van Linh road to Km302 + 460 of the subproject, concrete roads, width B = 7-15m, length L = 1.9km, grade IV-III of road in mountainous areas;

- Total transport distance by road from the borrow pit to Km302 + 460 of the subproject is 1.9km.

6 Huynh Nam sand gathering

site

Gray sand Location: Hung Vuong Street, Group 5, Chieng Sinh Ward, Son La Town;Management unit:

- From the gathering site, going along Hung Vuong road to Le Quy Don road, asphalt road, B = 7m wide, L = 1.25km long, grade IV of road in mountainous area;

- Going along Le Quy Don road to NH4G

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No.Name of

the borrow pit

Material characteri


Huynh Nam Auto One Member Company Limited;Exploiting capacity:

500 m3 / day;

road, asphalt road, B = 7m wide, L = 0.45km long, sign board of no truck > 10 tons, grade IVof road in mountainous areas;Turning right, along NH4G to Km292 +

180 of the subproject, concrete road, width B = 9m, length L = 0.1km, grade III of road in mountainous area;Total transport distance from the gathering

site to Km292 + 180 of the subproject is 1.8km.

7

Tan Tai sand

gathering site

Gray sand

Location: Chieng Mung, Mai Son, Son LaManagement unit: Tan

Tai Son La Company Limited;Exploiting capacity:

500 m3 / day;

- From the gathering site, going along the concrete road to NH4G, the road is B = 5m wide, L = 0.1km long, grade VI of road in mountainous areas;

- Turning left and going along NH4G out to Km292 + 180 of the subproject, concrete road, width B = 9m, length L = 0.7km, road grade III in mountainous area;

- Total distance from the gathering site to Km292 + 180 of the subproject is 0.8km.

8

Kim Thanh sand

gathering site

Artificial crushed sand from dark, green, gray limestone

Location: Mat village, Chieng Mung commune, Mai Son district, Son La province;Management unit: Kim

Thanh construction private enterprise;

- From the borrow pit, going along the gravel road to the asphalt road, the road B = 5m wide, L = 0.2km long, the grade VI of road in the mountainous area;

- Turning right, going along the asphalt road to NH4G, the road is B = 5m wide, L = 0.85km long, the sign board of no truck > 10T, grade V road in mountainous areas;

- Turning left and going along NH4G to Km292 + 180 of the subproject, concrete road, width B = 9m, length L = 1.8km, road grade III in mountainous area;

- Total transport distance by road from the mine to Km292 + 180 of the subproject is 2.9km.

9 Kim Thanh quarry

Dark, green, gray limestone

Location: Mat village, Chieng Mung commune, Mai Son district, Son La province;Management unit: Kim

Thanh construction private enterprise;Exploiting capacity:

120,000 m3 / year


- Turning right, going along the asphalt road to NH4G, the road is B = 5m wide, L = 0.85km long, the sign board of no truck > 10T, grade V road in mountainous areas;



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No.Name of

the borrow pit

Material characteri


10Truong Giang quarry


Location: Mat village, Chieng Mung commune, Mai Son district, Son La province;Management unit:

Truong Giang Construction Joint Stock Company;Reserve: About

1,500,000m3;Exploiting capacity:

100,000 m3 / year.


- Turning left, going along the asphalt road to NH4G, the road is B = 5m wide, L = 1.1km long, the sign board of no truck > 10T, grade V road in mountainous areas;



11

Tuan Cuong quarry (Noong Ẳng)


Location: Noong Dong, Chieng An ward, Son La town;Management unit:

Tuan Cuong Investment and Construction Joint Stock Company;Reserve: About

1,000,000m3;Exploiting capacity:

100,000 m3 / year

- From the quarry, going along concrete road to Le Duc Tho road, the road is B = 5m wide, L = 1km long, grade V road in mountainous areas;

- Turning right, going along Le Duc Tho road to road 3-2, concrete road, B = 9m wide, L = 2km long, grade III of road in mountainous area;

- Turning left and going along the 3-2 road to Nguyen Luong Bang road, concrete road, B = 9m wide, L = 0.43 km long, grade III road in mountainous area;

- Turning right, going along Nguyen Luong Bang road to NH6, concrete road, B = 9m wide, L = 0.7km, grade III of road in mountain area;

- Going straight along Highway 6 to Nguyen Van Linh road, concrete road, width B = 12m, length L = 0.54 km, grade III of road in mountainous area;

- Turning left and going along Nguyen Van Linh road to Km302 + 460 of the subproject, asphalt and concrete roads, width B = 7-15m, length L = 3.3km, grade IV-III of road in mountainous areas;

- Total transport distance by road from the quarry to Km302 + 460 of the subproject is 8.0km.

12 Kim Thanh concrete mixing plant

Concrete Location: Mat village, Chieng Mung commune, Mai Son district, Son La province;Management unit: Kim Thanh construction

- Transport by road:- From the quarry, going along the gravel road

to the asphalt road, the road is B = 5m wide, L = 0.2km long, the grade VI of road in the mountainous area;

- Turning right, going along the asphalt road to NH4G, road width B = 5m, length L =

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No.Name of

the borrow pit

Material characteri


private enterprise;Borrow pit capacity: 80-100 tons / hour

0.85km, sign board of no truck> 10T, grade V of road in mountainous areas;

- Turning left and going along NH4G to Km292 + 180 of the subproject, concrete road, width B = 9m, length L = 1.8km, grade III of road in mountainous area;

- Total transport distance by road from the mixing plant to Km292 + 180 of the subproject is 2.9km

13

Trung Giang concrete mixing plant

Concrete

Location: Ban Mat, commune Chieng Mung, Mai Son, Son La;Management unit: Binh An Tay Bac Concrete Joint Stock Company;Borrow pit capacity: 90 m3 / hour

- Transport by road:- From the quarry, going along the gravel road

to the asphalt road, the road is B = 5m wide, L = 0.5km long, the grade VI of road in the mountainous area;

- Turning left, going along the asphalt road to NH4G, road width B = 5m, length L = 1.1 km, sign board of no truck> 10T, grade V of road in mountainous areas;

- Turning left and going along NH4G to Km292 + 180 of the subproject, concrete road, width B = 9m, length L = 1.8km, grade III of road in mountainous area;

- Total transport distance by road from the mixing plant to Km292 + 180 of the subproject is 3.4 km


The subproject of construction of Son La city bypass does not involve large-scale extraction of sand, stone and earth materials, therefore, does not require opening of any new quarry.

Fuel and Power Supply

Power will be supplied via the national grid, which is an easy access to the subproject area. Back-up power generator will be also in place to make sure the construction work will be not disrupted in case of power outages. Fuel, oil and gas are supplied from the local oil and gas company whose fuel station network is accessible to all.

Water Supply

Water sources for work execution will mainly come from Nam stream, Ban Hom stream and some surrounding ponds in the subproject area. For construction areas that are afar from the water sources or the water is under quality, water tank trucks shall be used for transferring water to the construction sites.

For domestic water use, depending on conditions of given sites, water can be supplied from the available centralized water supply schemes or the permitted groundwater wells at the construction sites. Where water schemes are not accessible, water from wells will be purified through an on-site simple filter system and/or clean water in tanks is supplied to ensure the hygienic/clean water is available for use.

Treatment of waste

Waste generated during construction is usually solid waste, excess soil and rock, and domestic

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waste and wastewater.

- Excavated soil: The amount of excavated soil is estimated at 80,812 m3 from leveling and digging of roadbeds, bridges, underground tunnels. This amount of soil is transported and treated at the subproject landfill

- Hazardous waste: will be collected and temporarily stored in the storage area with the area of 50m2 in the site before being transported out for treatment at an appropriate waste treatment facility as according to the contract between the contractor and waste facility.

- Domestic Waste: This waste generated from the activities of workers on site. It is estimated for the arsing of about 50 kg / day, equivalent to about 1.5 tons / month. All waste is contracted by the Contractor with the collection, transportation and treatment unit in Son La City.

Sites for storing waste soil and stone of the subproject

According to the revised feasibility study report of the subproject, on the basis of the survey along the route and agreement with the locality, the location for dumping waste is as follows.

Table 5: Location for dumping waste of Son La bypass

No. Sites for storing waste soil and stone of the subproject

Distance to the subproject area (m)

Area (ha)

Storing capacity (m3)

1 The location is located along the route to the right from Km291 + 840 - Km292 + 020 in the low-lying field and pond area of Mr. Nguyen Huu Truan, Village 6, Chieng Mung commune

7500 1.0 20,000

2 It is located along the route to the right at Km298 + 755 in Quyet Tam ward, Son La city 400 6.5 195,000

Note: The subproject has gotten the written agreements with the local people and authorities

Demand on workers

Demand for construction workers for the subproject is estimated at about 100 people, allocated to three construction areas: the begining area of route coinciding with the old National Highway 6 (L = 380m), the new section near residential areas (L = 1.9km), the new section passing through hilly areas, people's production land (L = 16.57 km). To reduce funding, create local jobs and limit the impact on the social environment due to the concentration of workers, the Subproject Owner will give priority to recruiting local workers.

Expectedly, the number of workers will makes up about 60%-70% of total labor at each site. Their age ranges from 18 to 35; their is a small number of qualified workers or managed (about 5%) at aged 35-50. At each construction site, the percentage of male and female workers is 75% and 25%, respectively.

1.3.6. Subproject implementation arrangement

General information

a) Line agency: Ministry of Transport

- Address: No. 80, Tran Hung Dao, Hoan Kiem, Ha Noi.

- Tel: (024) 39413201/39424015 Fax: (024) 39423291/39422386.

b) Sub-Project owner: Directorate for Roads of Vietnam – Project Management Unit 3

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- Head office: No. 122, Lot 12A, Trung Hoa Street, Trung Yen Urban Area - Cau Giay District - Hanoi City.

- Tel: (84-4) 37836052 Fax: (84-4) 37836053.

Subproject’s management and implementation: subproject’s owner directly manages the implementation of the subproject.

Implementation arrangement

Ministry of Transport:

- Coordinate with the Ministry of Planning and Investment, relevant ministries, branches and agencies in formulating strategies and planning to attract and use concessional loans; formulating policies, measures to coordinate and improve the efficiency of the use of concessional loans;

- Coordinate with the Ministry of Planning and Investment in submitting to the Government on the signing of specific international treaties on concessional loans for programs and subprojects in their respective fields;

- Ensuring the quality and efficiency of using concessional loan;

- Coordination with Son La PPC to conduct land acquisition, site clearance, implementation of compensation and resettlement policies for the subproject in the area in accordance with law;

- Organizing and directing the effective implementation of subproject according to the approved plans;

- Approving the feasibility study reports for the subproject;

- Acting as the subproject Owner in accordance with the provisions of law, international treaties on ODA;

- Coordinating with agencies to propose and implement the subproject from the subproject preparation step to the end of subproject implementation;

- Organizing acceptance and handover of the ground and hand over of the subproject when the it is completed;

Investor – Directorate for Roads of Vietnam – Project Management Unit 3

- Carrying out the bidding in accordance with the current law on bidding;

- Providing relevant information and documents for contractual parties and consultants to formulate and implement programs and subprojects; taking responsibility for the legal basis and reliability of the information and documents provided; archiving files and documents on programs and subprojects according to the provisions of law;

- Taking comprehensive and continuous responsibility for the management and use of investment capital sources from the preparation of investment, implementation of investment and putting programs and subprojects into operation;

- Monitoring, evaluating subprojects, managing and exploiting programs and subprojects;

- Taking full responsibility for mistakes in the process of managing programs and subprojects that cause adverse consequences to the economy, society, environment and national reputation;

- Responsible under the provisions of law, may have to compensate for economic losses or have to change the subproject owner, for the slow implementation, not in

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accordance with the investment decision and the decision on approval of the documents of technical assistance programs and subprojects, causing loss, waste and corruption, affecting the overall objectives and efficiency of programs and subprojects;

- Take responsibility for receiving and solving (arrangement of suitable personnel) issues related to the community’s complaints on safety, health, environment, labor and other issues regarding compensation and resettlement upon land acquisition;

- Other rights and responsibilities as prescribed by law.

1.3.7. Total investment

The total investment of the subproject is: USD 24.54 million, in which:

- Loan from WB: USD 22.31 million, accounting for 90.91%.

- Counterpart fund: USD 2.23 million, accounting for 9.09%.

1.3.8. Subproject implementation progress

Table 6: Subproject implementation progress

No. Items Completion date

1 Preparation of subproject Proposal 2019

2 Approval of subproject Proposal by the Government 2019

3 Investment preparation (Consultant preparing FS, and related component reports)

09/2020

4 Preparation of FS report 09/2020

5 Government approves FS report (Investment policy) 12/2020

6 FS appraisal by World Bank 12/2020

7 MOT approves FS and component reports 12/2020

8 Negotiation of Loan Agreement with WB 12/2020

9 Subproject approval by World Bank 12/2020

10 Signing Financial Agreement 12/2020

11 Financial Agreement enters into effects 02/2021

12 Investment implementation 2021-2022


1.4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT METHODS

In order to conduct environmental and social impact assessment, various methods and techniques were deployed in the ESIA as follows:

Checklist: this method is a common approach which is widely to applied for defining the study area, sampling sites, identifying influence/impact areas, sensitive areas may be affected by the subproject’s activities during pre-construction and construction phases.

Rapid assessment: Empirical emission factors and coefficients were applied for calculating fugitive exhausts and dust (TSP) emission; predict noise and vibration generation spreading over nearest settlements; greenhouse gas emission; solid and hazardous wastes; etc. For air emissions, Sutton model…., was adopted to modeling emissions of dust and exhausted gases as a rapid assessment for the subproject’s activities. Further, WHO’s rapid inventory source

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techniques (1993), including Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (Volume II, Sectoral Guidelines, Environment, World Bank, Washington D.C 8/1991) and Handbook of Emission, Non-Industrial and Industrial source, Netherlands) were deployed for these rapid assessments.

Expert adjustment: This method was deployed with the experts’ knowledge and experience, in associated with site investigation, on socio-economic development situation, inhabitants’ life, cultural and religious asset; natural environment (current status of baseline conditions on air, water and soil quality); regional and local climate characteristics such as hydro-meteorology, geology, geography, topology, and landscape; and ecology (flora and fauna characteristics); etc.

Matrix: This technique was applied for the prediction of potential impacts caused by the subproject activities. This matrix is set up based on sources causing impacts and potential objects affected by the subproject.

Comparison: Results of survey on natural environment and laboratory analysis were compared with national technical regulations on the physical environment components to assess the baseline conditions of the environments in the subproject area.

GIS mapping: Use GIS, coordinate to available maps (such as topographical map) and special soft-wares (such as MapInfo, AutoCAD) to create comprehensive maps serving ESIA process, including: maps of sampling sites for flora and fauna survey; maps of sampling sites for air quality and surface water quality.

Field investigation and survey: Based on available environmental data and maps (topographical map, existing land use map of Son La city, etc), the implementation of on-site measurements, sampling, investigations and field surveys on natural environment components (air, water, soil and flora and fauna) in the subproject area was conducted throughout the year both in dry and rainy seasons.

Sample analysis: All water, air and soil samples collected in the field were stored and brought the laboratory for analyzing.

Public consultation: Public consultation is used to help identify opportunities and risks, improved subproject design and implementation, and increase subproject ownership and sustainability. Public consultation is specifically required by the World Bank’s environmental and social safeguard policies. A meaningful public consultation will be used. This is a two-way process in which beneficiaries provide advice and input on the design of the proposed subproject that affect their lives and environment, promotes dialogue between governments, communities, and implementing agencies to discuss all aspects of the proposed subproject. The feedbacks from consultation will be incorporated into the subproject ESIA and design. Those affected by the subproject include those resettled and those in the nearby communities affected by subproject impacts, intended beneficiaries of the subproject, key interest groups – depends upon the subproject, local mass organizations, including women’s unions, local, state and central governments, other donor and development agencies, and other stakeholders.

Disclosure of information: Disclosure of the subproject information including the subproject safeguards and instruments will allows the public access to information on environmental and social aspects of the subprojects. Disclosure is mandated by policies for the WB’s Environmental Assessment, Involuntary Resettlement, and Indigenous Peoples. The subproject safeguards and instruments will be disclosed in country and in local languages and at the World Bank Infoshop, like all consultations, it is an ongoing process during the subproject preparation and supervision process.

Statistical and data processing: All statistical data and documents acquired from local levels (Commune, Ward and City levels), as well as on-site measurements were processed and expressed in tables, figures and charts for interpretation. This data is systematized according to time, adjusted to serve the determination of natural and socio-economic environment

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situation; the analysis of trend in environmental change in the subproject area. These data are very crucial to make the basis of environmental impact assessment and prediction when implementing the subproject, as well as proposing countermeasures.

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CHAPTER 2. NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

2.1. NATUTAL CONDITIONS

2.1.1. Geographical conditions

The Son La city bypass has the beginning point at Km289 + 950 - NH6 (Mai Son T-junction), passing through Mai Son district and Son La city, the end point of the route joins the local bypass of Son La pass under the the subproject of renovating and upgrading NH6, the Son La - Tuan Giao section at Km308 + 820 (Km326 + 375 – Station of old NH6). Most of the route is new, only the first section of the route from Km289 + 950 - Km290 + 330.68 will coincide with the old NH6.

The subproject area includes Son La city and 02 communes in Mai Son district bordering Son La city, with the following geographical coordinates: 21o25' - 21o31' North latitude, 103o45' - 104o00' East longitude, including 19 communes and wards with natural area of about 250 km2, equal to 3.7% of the total area of the province. The boundary of the city is as follows:

- The North borders on Muong La district.

- The East borders on Mai Son district.

- The West borders on Thuan Chau district.

- The South borders on the rest of Mai Son district.

The subproject location is shown in the Table 7 below:

Table 7: List of subproject wards/communes

Province District/ City Communes/ Wards Station Distance (m)

Son La

Mai Son district Chieng Mung commune Km292+255,76

3000Chieng Ban commune

Son La city

Chieng Sinh ward Km289+950 1500

Chieng Coi ward 1000

Hua La commune 11500

Chieng Co ward Km308+820 1800

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Figure 2: Geographical location of Son La city bypass

2.1.2. Topographic conditions

The subproject topography passes through the Northwest mountainous region, the terrain is deeply and strongly divided, the mountainous area covers over 85% of the province's natural area. The topography of the area is mainly hilly and mountainous, alternating with valleys where industrial crops and fruit trees are planted. The average altitude is from 650m to 750m. The route mainly follows the slopes and goes to the left of existing NH6.

The subproject is located in a karst area with a strong kasterization process, complex divided terrain, high rocky mountains mixed with hills, valleys, and basins. Some areas of Son La city are relatively flat, favorable for socio-economic development, expansion of urban embellishment, and agricultural production.

The construction route mainly runs on the following two types of terrain:

- Weathered terrain - denudation of hillside: Terrain morphology consists of strip of earthy hills, rocky mountain tops, round and convex slopes, moderate-slope transverse slope, clay-covered with gravel, terrain divided by trenches, eroded ditches. Eroded channels, ditches are formed by the erosion of rainwater and run-off water. The natural coverage is from low to very low (upland fields and rejuvernized forests with thin and small density). The basic route follows the topographical type mentioned above.

- Mountainous valley terrain: The route running through mountain valleys has a relatively flat topography with topsoil with a large thickness, mainly clay, clay mixed with gravel.

The terrain is divided by slopes, ravines and ditches and the covering layer is mainly the clay

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mixed with gravel which affects the construction process and causes potentially risks of slip as well as erosion when facing unfavorable weather.

2.1.3. Geological characteristics

Based on the results of geological survey drilling, field tests and test results in September 2020 and geological survey report of the NH6 - section of the Son La province, strata roadbed, the alignment segments are divided into uniform soil layers according to each segment and described in order from top to bottom as follows:

a) Segment of Km289+950 - Km294+000

- Layer P: Covering soil layer: Clay is less gritty, organic, loose. The layer is located right on the surface of the terrain with wide distribution. The composition is light clay mixed with grit, organic, loose porous. The layer thickness is about 0.3-0.5m. This is a layer of soil with poor load-bearing capacity for the subproject (however, some sections of the route have large size boulders, in the construction process, it is necessary to pay attention to excavation and transportation).

- Layer B: Mud layer in fields, ponds, lakes: Clay is less plastic, mixing organic, dark brown gray and loose state. The layer is located on the topographic surface, it is distributed in the pond bottom areas. The composition is less plastic and organic clay, dark brown gray, loose state. The layer thickness varies from 0.5-1.0m. This is the layer with poor load capacity for road and bridge foundation.

- Layer D: Backfill, levelling: Yellow-brown gray-brown clay mixed with little gravel and semi-hard status. The layer is located right on the surface of the terrain, the scope of distribution is at the residential roads and leveling area. The composition of the layer is concrete, broken brick, clay mixing with little plasticity. The soil layer is artificially formed with different purposes, so the composition is not uniform. The thickness and tightness are uneven. Layer thickness is about 0.5-1.0m. This is a layer with good load capacity for roadbed works and poor for bridge works.

- Layer Đ1: Cultivation land: Clay is less plastic. It is organic, gray-brown and loose. The layer is located right on the surface of the terrain, the scope of distribution is quite wide and found at borehole LK3, this is a layer of cultivation soil in the upland fields and gardens of people. The composition is light clay, brown gray and loose state. Layer thickness varies from 0.3m-0.5m, particularly at bore LK3, thickness is 2.0m. This is the layer with poor load capacity for road and bridge works.

- Layer 1: Clay is brownish gray, yellow gray, black spots, hard plastic state to half hard (according to old standards). The dust is very flexible, golden brown gray, semi-hard (MH). The layer is below the layers P, Đ1, Đ2. The distribution is quite wide. The composition consists of plastic dust, yellowish-brown gray and semi-hard state. The change in layer thickness is greater than 4.5m since most of the boreholes of the roadbed end in this layer. This is a layer that has good load capacity for road foundations and average for bridge structures. Conventional standard soil pressure: Ro = 2.5kG / cm2, compression coefficient a1-2 = 0.03cm2 / kG.

- Layer 2A: Gravel mixed with clay, brown gray dust (formed by weathered siltstone) (GC-GW). The layer is under layer Đ2, locally distributed, encountered in borehole LK3. The composition is clay and dust particles. The layer thickness is 0.5m (LK3). This is a layer with good load capacity for road works and quite good for bridge works. Conventional standard soil pressure: Ro = 3.5kG / cm2

- Layer 3: Moderate-strong weathered siltstone which is brown gray, yellowish gray, mahogany, medium hard rock. The layer is below layer 2a, locally distributed, encountered in borehole LK3. The composition is medium- strong weathered siltstone,

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brown gray, yellowish gray, mahogany brown, medium hard rock. The layer thickness is greater than 2.5m (LK3) due to the drill hole ending in this layer. This is a class with good load capacity for road and bridge foundation works.

- Layer 4: Limestone, gray green - white, weathered, cracked medium - light, hard rock. Layers are below layers 1 and 3. The distribution of layer is quite wide. The composition is limestone, green gray, medium-light, weathered white gray, uneven weathering level, block structure, sometimes it is mixed with clay. The layer thickness has not been determined. This is a layer with good load capacity for road and bridge works.

b) Section Km306+300 - Km308+820

- Layer P: Covering soil layer: Clay is less plastic and gritty, organic, loose. The layer is located right on the surface of the terrain with wide distribution. The composition is light clay mixed with grit, organic and loose. The layer thickness is about 0.3-0.5m. This is a layer of soil with poor load capacity for the subproject (However, some sections of the route have large size boulders, in the construction process, it is necessary to pay attention to excavation and transport).

- Layer B: Mud layer in fields, ponds, lakes: Clay is less plastic, organic, dark brown gray, and loose state. The layer is located above the terrain, the distribution range is in borehole LKM1 and pond bottom areas. The composition is less plastic and organic clay, dark brown gray and loose status. The layer thickness varies from 0.5-1.0m. This is the layer with poor load capacity for road and bridge foundation construction.

- Layer D: Soil for road embankment, leveling soil: Clay mixed with yellow-brown gray color, semi-hard state, mixed with little gravel. The layer is located right on the surface of the terrain, the scope of distribution is at the residential roads and people’s leveling area. The composition of the layer includes concrete, broken brick with less plastic, brown gray and hard plastic state to semi-hard state, the soil layer is artificially formed with different purposes, so the composition is not uniform, the thickness and tightness are uneven. Layer thickness is about 0.5-1.0m. This is a layer with good load capacity for roadbed works and poor for bridge.

- Layer Đ1: Cultivation land: Clay is less plastic, mixing with organic, gray-brown and loose status. The layer is located right on the surface of the terrain, the scope of distribution is in cultivation areas in fields and gardens of people. The composition is light clay, brown gray and loose state. The layer thickness varies from 0.3m-0.5m. This is the layer with poor load capacity for road and bridge foundation.

- Layer 1: Clay is less plastic, brown gray mixed with gravel, soft plastic state (CL). Layer is below layer 1B, distributed locally at the borehole (LKM1, BH-B). The composition is light clay, brown gray mixed with gravel, soft plastic state. The layer thickness is 1.5m (LKM1) to 2.3m (BH-B). This layer has poor load capacity for foundations and bridges. Conventional standard soil pressure: Ro = 0.5kG / cm2, compression coefficient a1-2 = 0.113cm2 / kG, standard penetration value N30 = 3-4.

- Layer 1A: Clay is less plastic, brown gray mixed with gravel, soft plastic state (CL). Layer is below layer 1, distributed locally at the borehole (BH-B). The composition is light clay, brown gray mixed with gravel, soft plastic state. The layer thickness is 3.5m (BH-B). This layer has average load capacity for foundations and poor for bridges. Conventional standard soil pressure: Ro = 1.2kG / cm2, compression coefficient a1-2 = 0.041cm2 / kG, standard penetration value N30 = 12.

- Layer 1B: Clay is less plastic, brown gray mixed with gravel, soft plastic state (CL). Layer is below layer 1, distributed locally at the borehole LKM1, BH-B, BS02. The composition is light clay, brown gray mixed with gravel and soft plastic state. The layer

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thickness is 5.0m (BS02) to 10.5m (LKM1).). This layer has average load capacity for foundations and poor for bridges. Conventional standard soil pressure: Ro=1.5kG/cm2, compression coefficient a1-2 = 0.031cm2/kG, standard penetration value N30 = 7-15.

- Layer 2: The dust is very flexible, yellowish brown gray in semi-hard state (MH). The layer below the layers P, Đ1, Đ2, the distribution is quite wide. The composition is plastic dust, yellowish-brown gray, semi-hard state. The change in layer thickness is more than 4.5m since most of the boreholes of the roadbed end in this layer. This is a class that has good load capacity for road foundations and average for bridge structures. Conventional standard soil pressure: Ro = 2.5kG/cm2, compression ratio a1-2 = 0.02cm2/kG.

- Layer 5B: Limestone which is green gray, white gray, medium weathered crack. The layer is below layers 1B, the distribution is quite wide and is found at the borehole (BH-B). The composition is white gray and green gray limestone, medium weathered crack. The layer thickness is more than 3.4m (LKM1). This class has good load capacity for road and bridge foundation constructions. Lens H: The cave lens is in class 5A, found at the borehole (BH-B). The thickness of the cave is 0.6m.

- Layer 5B: Limestone which is green gray, white gray, medium weathered crack. The layer is below layers 1B and 5A, the distribution is quite wide and is found at the borehole (LKM1, BH-B). The composition is white gray and green gray limestone, medium weathered crack. The layer thickness is more than 8m (LKM1) due to the drill hole ending in this layer. This class has good load capacity for road and bridge foundation constructions. The strength of the rock's dry and saturated compressive resistance is: Rk = 579.2 kG/cm2, saturated R = 416.4 kG / cm2.

2.1.4. Climatic and meteorological conditions

The subproject passes through 4 wards and communes of Son La city and 2 communes of Mai Son district. In general, the climatic characteristics of the locations on the bypass are similar to the climate characteristics of Son La province. Son La has a tropical monsoon climate, but it is located deep in the continent, divided by complex terrain factors, the weather changes are somewhat variable, different in time and space.

Air temperature

The air temperature affects the spread and variation of pollutants in the air. According to statistics, the average air temperature for many years in Son La city is as follows:

Table 8: Characteristics of temperature (0C) at Son La meteorological station

Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Average 14.9 16.7 20.1 23.0 24.8 25.1 25.0 24.6 23.7 21.5 18.3 15.2

Highest 17.9 20.4 23.3 25.5 27.6 26.6 26.5 26.1 25.1 23.4 20.6 17.6

Lowest 11.6 11.2 16.4 20.8 23.5 24.0 24.1 23.1 22.4 19.6 15.9 11.1

Source: Institute of Hydrometeorology 2019

Mid-winter months (December to March) the temperature drops below 17C, cold weather. The absolute lowest air temperature measured at Son La meteorological station is -0,8C. The coldest month is January, the average temperature fluctuates around 14.9C. The hottest month is June and July, the average temperature fluctuates around 25.1C. The coldest month is January, the average temperature fluctuates around 7 10C.

Humidity

The annual average humidity is 79.5%. Average humidity between months of the year ranges

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from 72.1 - 85.6%. The month with the highest humidity is August, the humidity is 85.6%, the month with the lowest humidity is March, the humidity is 72.1%.

Table 9: Characteristics of humidity (%)) at Son La meteorological station

Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Average 78.3 74.7 72.1 74.1 77.5 82.7 84.6 85.6 83.6 81.6 80.1 78.8

Highest 95.0 93.0 83.0 87.0 91.0 93.0 99.0 99.0 95.0 92.0 93.0 98.0

Lowest 29.0 19.0 14.0 26.0 29.0 36.0 39.0 46.0 41.0 37.0 30.0 23.0

Source: Institute of Hydrometeorology

Precipitation

The maximum daily average rainfall in Son La city is shown in Table below. The total annual rainfall in the area is quite large, about 1,828 mm. The average rainfall> 45 mm continuously occurs in May, June, July, August and September. The month with the highest rainfall is July with an average rainfall of 61.9 mm. The less rainy season starts from October and ends in April of the following year. The month with the lowest average rainfall is January with an average rainfall of 7.7 mm). The construction activities of the subproject are mainly in the dry season.

Table 10: Characteristic of the precipitation at Son La meteorological station

Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Average 7.7 12.4 21.1 35.1 45.8 60.6 61.9 60.9 46.8 25.0 17.5 8.7

Highest 28.2 36.6 64.5 111 92.0 198 161.1 133.9 129.5 61.3 108.3 54.2

Lowest 0.0 0.0 1.2 9.9 12.8 22.5 13.0 10.1 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0


Sunny hour

The average number of sunny hours per year in the subproject area is 2,004 h. Months with high sunny hours are April to October ranging from 147.8 to 207.3 hours of sunshine, the month with the highest number of sunny hours is May with 207.3 hours of sunshine. Winter months are months with lower sunny hours (November to March of the following year).

Table 11: Total sunny hours (h) at Son La meteorological station

Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Average 145.4 141.0 171.9 191.5 207.3 147.8 150.0 161.1 178.8 182.3 155.8 171.2

Highest 234.1 198.6 242.3 235.7 279.8 200.4 213.9 258.2 233.4 243.6 229.9 248.3

Lowest 53.5 48.0 120.0 131.6 154.6 81.6 67.5 87.2 131.7 132.0 93.5 92.3


Wind speed and direction

The average maximum wind speed in the subproject area is 12.6 m/s, the highest average wind speed between months of the year ranges from 9.5 to 17.4 m/s.

In May, June and July, there are usually hot and dry winds, one lasting up to 5 or 6 days. The impact of storms on Son La is negligible, but large cyclones usually appear in February,

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March and April.

Table 12: Maximum wind speed in Son La city (m/s)

Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Average 11.0 13.1 15.8 17.4 15.9 12.7 11.9 11.9 11.3 9.5 10.2 10.0

Highest 18.0 30.0 34.0 40.0 28.0 20.0 20.0 24.0 22.0 16.0 20.0 14.0

Lowest 8.0 8.0 9.0 8.0 8.0 7.0 8.0 6.0 1.0 5.0 6.0 6.0


2.1.5. Hydrological conditions

The subproject area has a complex topography strongly divided to create a system of streams and creeks that are quite rich, but unevenly distributed, mainly concentrated in lowlands. In the subproject area, there is Nam La stream, 25 km in length flowing in the direction of West – East; Ban Hom stream, the length about 13km flowing in the direction of Southwest - Northeast, in addition, there are many small streams scattered in the communes of Hua La, Chieng Co, Chieng Den, and Chieng Xom. The flow rate fluctuates with the seasons, the water level is often lower than the farming surface, causing many difficulties for production. These streams are the main source of water for production and daily life of the local people.

In addition, the subproject area also has a system of dense irrigation works: Built dams, concrete dams, steel gabions, small and medium-sized rip rap, temporary barrier, irrigation stations and many reservoirs of all kinds. The Ban Muong irrigation project is under construction by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development has a reservoir of nearly 8 million m3 of water in the upstream of Nam La stream. Due to the special geological and hydrological tectonic mechanism located in the limestone area, the karst process takes place strongly, creating many underground caves and this is also the main influence on the hydrological regime of the subproject area. Through the hydrogeological survey and studying documents on the route combined with the geological boreholes, it shows that the route cuts through the dry temporary currents, water flows only during the rains and accumulates at a fast speed. The survey on the route shows no groundwater appeared, at the borehole km300 + 216.49 m, groundwater level at a depth of 4m is observed.

Hydrological characteristics at the construction area of Ban Hom 1 Bridge: Ban Hom 1 Bridge was built over the stream of Ban Hom (in Chieng Co Commune) with a length of 13km. The width of the stream bed at Ban Hom 1 bridge is about 5-7m, the terrain is relatively flat. The flow of Ban Hom stream mainly focuses on the rainy season from May to September, the total flow amount accounts for about 80-85%. In the dry season, the stream flow rate only accounts for about 10-15% of the total annual flow. Due to the flat terrain, during the construction of the subproject, attention should be paid to local inundation problems when facing adverse weather.

Hydrological features in the area where Ban Sang Bridge is built: Ban Sang Bridge is built over the stream of Nam La (in Hua La Commune). The width of the Nam La stream is about 15-20m, the terrain is steep. The flow of the Nam La stream is mainly concentrated in the rainy season from May to September, the total flow amount accounts for about 80-85%. In the dry season, the stream flow rate only accounts for about 10-15% of the total annual flow. Due to the steep terrain, rapid concentration of water and rapid withdrawal, during the construction of the subproject, attention should be paid to the problems of erosion, landslides when facing adverse weather.

2.1.6. Natural resources

To assess the current state of landscape ecology and biodiversity in Son La province, in

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addition to the survey and field investigation of the subproject area, the report also refers to some documents and secondary data on biodiversity of Son La province, which focuses on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems along the streams in the subproject area as well as the water bodies of the Da River, Ma River, and the streams (including Nam La stream, Ban Hom stream in the subproject area), special-use forests.

Flora resources- The flora in Son La has 161 families, 645 genera and about 1,187 species, including

angiosperms and gymnosperms, tropical and temperate plants. Typically, there are families such as: Orchid, chestnut, teak, Cunninghamia, Lagerstroemia indica, Mulbery, etc.

- Some species such as: chrysanthemum, cyperus malaccensic lamk, beans, Cinnamomum camphora, Lamiaceae, Alocasia, Cereal, Strawberry, coffee, orchid, Orange, Custard apple, Ceiba pentandra, Caesalpinia sappan ...

- The rare and precious plant species include pompano, bamboo pine, Chukrasia velutina, Stemona tuberosa Lour, Burretiodendron hsienmu, Parashorea chinensis, two-leaf pine, three-leaf pine, strawberry, guava, clams, Sam Sam, Mediplantex, Schefflera heptaphylla, Polygonum multiflorum.

- The rare and endangered species of plants include: pompano, bamboo pine, Chukrasia velutina, two-leaf pine, three-leaf pine , Parashorea chinensis, Syzygium aromaticum, Fernandoa brillettii Dop.

Fauna resources

In Son La province, the composition of forest animals in Song Da and Song Ma basins has been listed, mainly living in special-use forests: Xuan Nha NP, Ta Xua NP, Sop Cop NP, Copia NP, Muong La Natural Reserve... Include: Animals with 101 species, distribute in 25 families, belonging to 8 orders; birds have 347 species, of 47 families belonging to 17 orders; Reptiles have 64 species, in 15 families of 2 orders; amphibian has 28 species. In which, there are rare species of animals listed in the red book: Nomascus concolor, Ursidae, Chrotogale owstoni, Pteromyyini or Petauristini, Lorinae, Arctictis binturong, ...

Species diversity in Son La is very high, however most plant and animal species found in Son La are in special-use forests.

Natural resource characteristics of the subproject area

Although the adversity of flora and fauna in Son La province is very high, within the subproject, there are absolutely no ecologically sensitive areas such as nature reserves, national parks, and biosphere reserves, and special-use forests, etc. Special-use forest areas and ecologically sensitive areas are located more than 30km away from the subproject. Therefore, the construction and operation impacts of the subproject do not affect any rare flora and fauna species or special-use forests.

Within the subproject area, plants and animals species are divided into two ecological sub-regions.

Urban ecological sub-region

The subproject is implemented in urban ecological areas and suburban rural areas. This area is characterized by a low biodiversity with fauna and flora species mostly cultivated by humans. The survey results show that:

- The terrestrial flora species are found mainly timbers and shade trees along the streets such as: Salix, Lagerstroemia, Delonix regia, Michelia champaca, ... In the gardens of

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households, plants are mainly fruit trees such as plum, longan, jackfruit, guava, apple,... In addition, there are industrial plants, coffee, vegetables and crops.

- The animals in the area are mainly domestic animals such as cattle, poultry, pigs, buffaloes, cows, chickens, dogs, ...

Residential and agricultural ecosystems

The subproject survey results show that, apart from the beginning of the route going in urban areas, the rest of the subproject's route passes through residential areas and farming areas. The ecosystem of residential areas and fields in this area mainly includes:

- The animals found are only a few species that are grazed or kept by humans, such as buffaloes, cows, pigs, chickens, ...

- The amphibians are mainly amphibians and most are in the Anura order with 5 families, 35 species (97.1% of species). There are 2 orders with tail (Caudata) and legless (Gymnophiona) each with 1 family, 1 species accounting for 2.9% of species).

- Reptile: On land, mainly 3 species are found: Oligodon; Eutropis, Ptyas, Bungarus. In the water, a family of water snakes (Colubridae) is also found.

- For aquatic flora: Mainly freshwater aquatic flora species and recorded include submerged and floating aquatic communities on a number of irrigation canals, ponds, and streams, with advantages including: Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Salvinia cuculata, Salvinia natans, Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaea pubescens, Ludwigia hyssopifolia, Ludwigia adnascens, Utricuaria aurea, Hydrilla verticilata….

- Terrestrial flora: Plant communities around the residential area are mainly: Melia azedarach (Melia azedarach), Orange (Citrus sinensis), Lemon (Citrus aurantium), Longan (Dimocarpus longan), Papaya (Carica papaya), Banana (Musa paradisiaca), plum, coffee ... and some other plants.

- For agricultural cultivation areas: The main crops include Corn (Zeamays), Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea bataas), Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), Cassava (Manihot esculenta), other short-term crops and rice (Oryza sativa). There are also industrial crops such as coffee and fruit trees such as oranges, plums, avocados, and mangoes...

In general, the biodiversity of the subproject area, residential areas and agricultural cultivation areas is considered to be quite rich, however, there are mainly crops for agricultural production of the people and animals. Flora and fauna in the subproject area: there are no rare and precious species and no species in the list of species to be protected according to Vietnam's Red List..

2.2. STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

In early October 2020, the subproject owner has coordinated with the consultancy unit and the Center for Research, Training and Transfer of Natural Resources and Environment Technologies to take samples, measure and analyze the quality of the environment from October 1, 2020 to October 10, 2020 in the subproject area and subproject affected area in accordance with the documents issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment regarding the technical process of monitoring and analysis in the laboratory.

The selected sampling locations are the typical locations that are representative of background environment in the subproject area. Therefore, the background environment data is created to assess the initial status of the area.

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Figure 3: Locations of environmental status monitoring of the subproject

2.2.1. Air quality

Location: To assess the current status of the air environment quality in the subproject area, 4 locations in the subproject area have been selected for monitoring and taking sample for analysis. At each sampling sites, it has been measured for three times in October 2020.

Indicators for rapid measurements at the site include temperature and humidity. Other indicators are to collect samples at the site. The samples are preserved and stored in accordance with current regulations on sample storage and transportation. The following table shows the locations of air environment monitoring in the subproject area

Table 13: Locations of air environment monitoring

No.

Symbol Coordinates (VN 2000 - 3 degree zone) Description of monitoring location

Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 X (m) Y (m)

1 K1.1 K1.5 K1.9 2359767 589999Km290 + 00, NH6 intersection & Chieng Co road, Chieng Co commune, Son La City.

2 K1.2 K1.6 K1.10 2356222 595972 Km299 + 200, Chieng Cam ward, Son La city

3 K1.3 K1.7 K1.11 2352728 598732 Km304+00, Chieng Ban commune, Mai Son district

4 K1.4 K1.8 K1.12 2351312 603486 Km308 + 800, Highway 6 intersection & Hung Vuong road, Chieng Mung Commune, Mai Son

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Route of works

Soil environment monitoring location

Underground water environment monitoring location

Surface water environment monitoring location

Air environment monitoring location

SAMPLING AND MONITORING LOCATION


No.

Symbol Coordinates (VN 2000 - 3 degree zone) Description of monitoring location


district

Analysis result

Table 14: Results of air environment monitoring and analyzing

No. LocationsName

of samples

Temperature NO2 SO2 CO TSP Noise oC µg/m3 dBA

I Route section in Son La province

1

Time 1

K1.1 24.2 32 31 <5000 125 44.6

2 K1.2 24.9 31 29 <5000 127 50.5

3 K1.3 24.8 37 30 <5000 137 50.7

4 K1.4 24.7 40 31 <5000 138 49.6

5

Time 2

K1.5 28.3 26 30 <5000 131 45.9

6 K1.6 27.8 32 32 <5000 126 50.6

7 K1.7 28.9 35 29 <5000 134 43.0

8 K1.8 27.9 29 30 <5000 123 42.4

9

Time 3

K1.9 26.5 36 31 <5000 104 51.1

10 K1.10 27.1 29 32 <5000 117 46.6

11 K1.11 26.4 27 33 <5000 110 49.9

12 K1.12 26.8 34 36 <5000 131 49.8

QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - - - - ≤ 70

QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - 200 350 30000 300 -

Remarks: QCVN 05: 2013 / BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality; QCVN 26: 2010 / BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise

Comment: All measurement and analyzing parameters of the current status of the air environment of three surveys in the subproject area are much lower than the allowable limit compared to QCVN 05: 2013 / BTNMT (average in 1 hour). Simultaneously, noise in the subproject area is still within the permitted limit of QCVN 26: 2010 / BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise. The quality of the air environment in the subproject area is still within the permissible load-bearing level, but during the subproject implementation, it is necessary to tightly control the emission sources to limit impacts on residential areas as well as the nearby sensitive works.

2.2.2. Surface water quality

Location: To assess the current status of surface water quality in the subproject area, three locations have been selected for monitoring and analysis. The locations of surface water sampling are the representative and typical locations in the area directly affected by the subproject to assess the current status of surface water quality in the area prior to subproject construction activities of the subproject. Each sampling site has been measured three times in October 2020.

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Indicators for rapid measurements at the site include temperature pH and DO. Other indicators are collected samples at the site. The samples are preserved and stored in accordance with current regulations on environment. The following table shows the locations of monitoring and collecting surface water sample.

Table 15: Locations of surface water monitoring

No.Symbol

Coordinates (VN 2000 - 3 degree

zone) Description of monitoring locations


1 NM1.1 NM1.4 NM1.7 2356308 593749Ban Hom Stream at the planned location to build Ban Hom bridge 1 - Chieng Co commune

2 NM1.2 NM1.5 NM1.8 2351732 603181Nam La Stream at the planned location to build Ban Sang bridge - Hua La commune.

3 NM1.3 NM1.6 NM1.9 2359411 589869Bong Bung stream being close to NH6 junction, the section starting to Son La city - Chieng Mung commune

Analysis result

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Table 16: Results of surface water quality

No. Test parameters Unit

Results of tested parameters QCVN08-MT:2015/BTNMT

(Cột B1)Time 1 Time 2 Time 3

NM1.1 NM1.2 NM1.3 NM1.4 NM1.5 NM1.6 NM1.7 NM1.8 NM1.9

1 pH - 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.3 7 7.1 7.1 5.5-9

2 BOD5 mg/l 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.0 4.4 3.2 3.8 15

3 DO mg/l 4.35 4.42 4.38 4.35 4.42 4.38 4.29 4.32 4.3 >=4

4 TSS mg/l 21 23 23 12 9 10 9 11 10 50

5 NH4+ calculated by N mg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 0.9

6 NO3- calculated by N mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 1.19 1.37 1.23 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 10

7 Clorua (Cl-) mg/l 2.6 2.7 2.4 <2 <2 <2 4.9 4.2 4.4 350

8 PO43- calculated by P mg/l <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 0.3

9 Total grease mg/l <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 1

10 Surfactants mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.4

11 Coliform MPN/100ml 280 360 300 280 360 300 300 430 390 7500

Remark: QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality, Column B1 - For irrigation or other purposes with similar water quality or other uses as B2.

Comment: The analysis of surface water environment shows that the indicators are within the allowable limits compared to QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT (column B1 - used for irrigation purposes or other other purposes with similar water quality or others such as B2). Thus, basically, the quality of river and stream water in the subproject area has not been polluted. The surface water in the streams in the subproject area can be used for construction activities.

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2.2.3. Quality of underground water

Location: To assess the current status of underground water environment in the subproject area, three locations in the subproject area have been selected for analysis and monitoring. The sampling sites are the drilled wells of the local people. Each sampling site has been measured for three times in October 2020.

The criteria for rapid measurement in the field include: Temperature, pH and DO. Other criteria are collected in the field, stored, and transported in accordance with current environmental requirements. Locations of monitoring and collecting groundwater samples are shown in the Table 17 below.

Table 17: Monitoring locations of underground water environment

No.Symbols

Coordinates (VN 2000 - 3 degree

zone) Description of monitoring locationsTime

1Time

2Time

3 X (m) Y (m)

1 NN1.1 NN1.4 NN1.7 2358363 589595Well water of Mr. Dang Hong Man, about 200m far from Chieng Co primary school to the South

2 NN1.2 NN1.5 NN1.8 2356562 595885 Well water of Mrs. Nguyen Thi Lan, near Green farm ecotourism area

3 NN1.3 NN1.6 NN1.9 2351641 602730 Well water of Mr. Vi Van Nghia, Chieng Mung, Son La

Page 49


Analysis results.

Table 18: Results of groundwater quality in the subproject area

No. Locations Name of samples

pH Hardness N-NH4 N-NO2 N-NO3 FeTS As Hg Cd Pb Coliform- mg/l MPN/100ml

I Route section of Son La 1

Time 1NN1.1 7.2 43 0.086 0.086 0.057 0.44 0.0005 KPH 0.0003 < 0.001 KPH

2 NN1.2 6.9 46 0.074 0.063 0.065 0.42 0.0008 KPH 0.0005 < 0.001 KPH3 NN1.3 7.1 33 0.061 0.036 0.059 0.43 0.0007 KPH 0.0008 < 0.001 KPH4

Time 2NN1.4 7.3 45 0.065 0.089 0.059 0.40 0.0004 KPH 0.0003 < 0.001 KHP

5 NN1.5 7.0 43 0.082 0.080 0.064 0.45 0.0006 KPH 0.0004 < 0.001 KHP6 NN1.6 7.0 36 0.085 0.059 0.062 0.37 0.0006 KPH 0.0005 < 0.001 KHP7

Time 3NN1.7 7.1 43 0.055 0.067 0.060 0.45 0.0003 KPH 0.0004 < 0.001 KHP

8 NN1.8 7.1 47 0.053 0.081 0.061 0.38 0.0005 KPH 0.0006 < 0.001 KHP9 NN1.9 7.2 38 0.049 0.038 0.069 0.47 0.0007 KPH 0.0004 < 0.001 KHP

QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT 5.5-8.5 500 1 1 15 5 0.05 0.001 0.005 0.01 3

Remark: QCVN 09:2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on groundwater quality; KPH - not detected.

Comments and assessment: Based on the results of the analysis of underground water quality in the subproject area, it shows that the underground water analysis parameters are within the allowable limits compared to QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT. This shows that the underground water environment in the subproject area is good, with no signs of pollution. The underground water source can be used for the daily activities of the local people and for the activities of the employees at the construction site.

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2.2.4. Soil quality

Location: To assess the current status of soil environment quality in the subproject area, three locations in the subproject area have been selected for taking sample. Each sampling site has been measured for three times in October 2020.

Samples are preserved and stored in accordance with the current regulations on sample storage and transport. Table 19 below presents the locations of soil environment monitoring in the subproject area.

Table 19: Locations of soil environmental monitoring

No.Symbols Coordinates (VN 2000 -

3 degree zone)Description of monitoring locations

Time 1

Time 2

Time 3 X (m) Y (m)

1 D1.1 D1.4 D1.7 2359321 589336Km290 + 800, Ban Hom garden soil, Chieng Co, 50m from Minh Trang grocery store

2 D1.2 D1.5 D1.8 2356448 594901 Km298+100, hill soil in Hua La commune

3 D1.3 D1.6 D1.9 2351352 603129 Km208+600, hill soil in Chieng Mung commune

Analysis result

Table 20: Results of soil quality

No. Locations Name of samples

As Cd Cu Pb Zn Cr

mg/kg

1

Time 1

D1.1 2.1 0.6 19.7 23.5 31.4 <19.36

2 D1.2 2.4 0.5 21.9 23.4 34.1 <19.36

3 D1.3 2.2 0.5 22.5 21.3 38.3 <19.36

4

Time 2

D1.4 2.5 0.4 20.3 20.6 35.2 <19.36

5 D1.5 2.5 0.6 25.3 23.9 35.4 <19.36

6 D1.6 2.2 0.5 22.4 24.0 38.5 <19.36

7

Time 3

D1.7 2.5 0.4 24.5 24.4 36.5 <19.36

8 D1.8 2.4 0.6 20.5 20.1 39.7 <19.36

9 D1.9 2.3 0.5 21.2 22.6 33.0 <19.36

QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT

Forestry land 20 3 150 100 200 200

Residential land 15 2 100 70 200 200

Remark: QCVN 03-MT: 2015 / BTNMT - National technical regulation on permissible limits of heavy metals in soil.

The monitoring results of soil quality in the subproject area shows that the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, As, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr) in the subproject area are many times lower than the permissible limits of QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on the

Page 51

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceallowable limits of some needles heavy type in the soil. The process of construction of the subproject will remove the topsoil, depending on the nature of the soil, which will determine the reuse or disposal plan. Therefore, the amount of soil due to the excavation process of roadbed can be reused for different purposes such as leveling... or can be disposed of as normal waste.

Overall assessment of the current environmental status in the subproject area

Environmental quality in the subproject area (air, land, water) is relatively good, with no signs of population caused by industrial, residential or tourism activities.

The current environmental conditions allow the construction activities of the subproject to take place smoothly, without affecting the daily activities of the local people.

Surface water quality can be used for construction activities of the subproject, groundwater quality can be used for living activities of workers on site.

The land in the subproject area is not populated and can be used for levelling or transported to the waste dump of the subproject as normal water.

2.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

General socio-economic condition of the subproject area

Section of the Son La city bypass through Mai Son district includes 02 communes: Chieng Mung and Chieng Ban and passing through Son La city include 04 communes/wards: Chieng Sinh ward, Chieng Coi ward, Hua La commune, Chieng Co. Chieng Mung and Chieng Ban communes are adjacent to Son La city, with National Highway 6 and National Highway 4G going through. The communes/wards with bypass roads in Son La city are located in the West-Southwest of the city and are peri-urban communes in the West of Son La city. The total natural land area of communes and wards with bypasses is: 18,723 ha, of which land for annual and perennial crops is 3,469/5,728 ha; Forest land is: 6,025 ha; non-agricultural land 2,962 ha; residential land and water surface land 410/128ha.

The economy of the commune today is mainly based on agro-forestry production and commercial development, handicraft industry. The main types of agricultural crops include fruit trees (plum, mango, longan, citrus, dragon fruit), upland rice, maize, sweet potato, etc., forest trees mainly regenerating forests, acacia.

According to the survey results, the lives of people in the subproject areas are still facing many difficulties (average income in 2019 is 34 million VND/person). Over the past years, in order to create conditions for people in the region to invest in building a rural transport system in order to facilitate travel as well as development for local people. However, the road infrastructure in the villages and hamlets together with the water supply and drainage system is considered to be underdeveloped.

Table 21: Current situation of population in the area of the section of Son La province

No. Contents

Quantity/Proportion

Mai Son district Son La city

Total Chieng Ban commune

Chieng Mung

commune

Chieng Sinh ward

Chieng Coi ward

Chieng Co

commune

Hua La commune

1 No. of HHs (HH) 1.841 2748 3199 1481 1103 1879 12.251

2 No. of person (person) 8.136 12001 14887 6005 5303 8919 55.251

3 Number of villages 21 21 18 8 9 15 92

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No. Contents

Quantity/Proportion


Total Chieng Ban commune

Chieng Mung

commune

Chieng Sinh ward

Chieng Coi ward

Chieng Co

commune

Hua La commune

/ hamlets / groups

Source: Due Diligence Report and Implementation Plan of the Subproject's Compensation, Support and Resettlement Policy

Occupational structure

In the subproject area, the number of households doing agriculture accounts for the highest percentage (79.8%); number of households doing animal husbandry accounts for 3.9% and those in trade / services account for 3.4%, the State’s officer and retired employees account for 6.4%, freelance labor accounts for 4.9%, those in other industries make up a small percentage.

Table 22: Labor status and occupations in the subproject area

No.

Main occupation of

household head


Total Chieng Mung Chieng Ban Chieng Sinh Chieng Coi Hua La Chieng Co

HH Proportion (%) HH Proporti

on (%) HH Proportion (%) HH Proporti

on (%) HH Proportion (%) HH Proporti

on (%) HH Proportion (%)

1 Agriculture 17 54.8 19 57.6 51 96.2 17 81.0 32 86.5 26 92.9 162 79.8

2 Livestock 3 9.7 5 15.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 3.9

3Trade/

Business 4 12.9 1 3.0 1 1.9 0 0.0 1 2.7 0 0.0 7 3.4

4

Workers in factory 0 0.0 1 3.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.5

5The State’s

officer 2 6.5 1 3.0 1 1.9 0 0.0 2 5.4 0 0.0 6 3.0

6

Working in private

company 0 0.0 1 3.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.5

7

Working in transport

sector 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 4.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.5

8 Employee 0 0.0 5 15.2 0 0.0 3 14.3 2 5.4 0 0.0 10 4.9

9 Retirement 5 16.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 7.1 7 3.4

Total 31 100.0 33 100.0 53 100.0 21 100.0 37 100.0 28 100.0 203 100.0

Source: Due Dilligence Report and Implementation Plan of the Subproject's Compensation, Support and Resettlement Policy

Income: Agriculture is the main occupation of the household heads as well as the majority of their family members. According to field observations, crops in the area are mainly food crops (such as rice, maize, cassava, etc.), some crops (such as soybeans, beans, peanuts, cucurbits, etc.), and some industrial crops (mainly Orange, Coffee, Plum, Avocado, Mango, etc.), so the household’s income source depends on this agricultural activity. With the fertile soil and mild climate, Son La is a famous province for high-value agricultural products, and especially some fruits have been exported to international markets such as Japan and Europe

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provincelike avocado, mango, and coffee. Tangerines, plums, and specialty clean vegetables are also the strength of agriculture in the subproject area, with high value and are popular in the domestic market. The cultivated land area is large, so although the main occupation is agriculture, with a few business households but the average monthly income of households in the subproject area is relatively high. The number of households with income above 12 million/month is 59, accounting for 29.1%. The number of households with incomes from 6 million to 12 million/month/household is 84 households, accounting for 41.4%, from 4 to 6 million/month/household is 42 households, accounting for 20.7% and less than 4 million dong/month/household is 18 households, or 8.9% of total surveyed households.

Table 23: Average income of affected households

Commune/ ward

Averaged income per month per AH (1,000 VND) Averaged income/ month (1,000 VND)

<4,000 4,000 - 6,000

6,001 - 8,000

8,001 - 12,000

12,001 - 18,000 >18,000 Total

HHs % HHs % HHs % HHs % HHs % HHs % HHs %

Chieng Mung 0 0.0 5 16.1 7 22.6 8 25.8 6 19.4 5 16.1 31 100.0 11,968

Chieng Ban 7 21.2 8 24.2 9 27.3 6 18.2 2 6.1 1 3.0 33 100.0 7,394

Chieng Sinh 3 5.7 14 26.4 15 28.3 13 24.5 7 13.2 1 1.9 53 100.0 8,743

Chieng Coi 5 23.8 1 4.8 2 9.5 4 19.0 5 23.8 4 19.0 21 100.0 11,405

Hua La 1 2.7 6 16.2 3 8.1 8 21.6 8 21.6 11 29.7 37 100.0 13,767

Chieng Co 2 7.1 8 28.6 3 10.7 6 21.4 2 7.1 7 25.0 28 100.0 12,113

Total 18 8.9 42 20.7 39 19.2 45 22.2 30 14.8 29 14.3 203 100.0 10,898

Source: Due Diligence Report and Implementation Plan of the Subproject's Compensation, Support and Resettlement Policy

Living condition

The survey results on the use of equipment and living facilities of 203 affected households show that the most popular living facilities of households in the surveyed communes / wards include motorcycles, rice cookers, gas stove, fan, refrigerator and television (90% - 99.5%). Facilities such as water heater, washing machine and water pump are also quite popular in the affected households, with the rate of 66.5%, 67.5%, 70.9%. Out of the surveyed households, 17.7% of households use computers. Thus, it can be seen that the level of use of facilities in the affected households is quite high. The living conditions of the people are relatively good and people have access to new technologies as well as invest a lot into the family facilities.

Table 24: Living facilities of affected households

Types of assets

Total surveyed

HHs

Mai Son district Son La city Total Chieng

Mung Chieng

BanChieng

SinhChieng

Coi Hua La

Chieng Co

Total HHs 31 33 53 21 37 28 203

Radio

HH 0 0 1 0 1 4 6

% 0.0% 0.0% 1.9% 0.0% 2.7% 14.3% 3.0%

Quantity 0 0 1 2 4 7

Television HH 31 33 51 21 34 27 197

% 100% 100% 96.2% 100% 91.9% 96.4% 97.0%

Page 54


Types of assets

Total surveyed

HHs


Mung Chieng

BanChieng

SinhChieng

Coi Hua La

Chieng Co

Total HHs 31 33 53 21 37 28 203

Quantity 34 38 64 28 42 46 252

Motorcycle

HH 31 33 53 20 35 26 198

% 100% 100% 100% 95% 95% 93% 98%

Quantity 61 67 104 37 85 73 427

Bike

HH 21 13 18 13 9 11 85

% 67.7% 39.4% 34.0% 61.9% 24.3% 39.3% 41.9%

Quantity 31 19 18 14 12 15 109

Electric fan

HH 31 33 53 21 36 28 202

% 100% 100% 100% 100% 97.3% 100% 99.5%

Quantity 77 85 140 61 96 64 523

Electric cooker

HH 31 33 50 20 36 28 198

% 100% 100% 94.3% 95.2% 97.3% 100% 97.5%

Quantity 32 35 52 25 40 36 220

Refrigerator

HH 29 33 53 21 37 28 201

% 93.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 99.0%

Quantity 30 35 54 23 42 41 225

Water pumping

HH 28 28 29 11 32 16 144

% 90.3% 84.8% 54.7% 52.4% 86.5% 57.1% 70.9%

Quantity 33 35 35 12 36 28 179

Washing machine

HH 25 26 36 12 20 18 137

% 80.6% 78.8% 67.9% 57.1% 54.1% 64.3% 67.5%

Quantity 25 26 36 12 20 20 139

Gas stove

HH 29 31 49 21 33 20 183

% 93.5% 93.9% 92.5% 100.0% 89.2% 71.4% 90.1%

Quantity 29 31 51 22 36 27 196

Water heater

HH 24 28 29 12 30 12 135

% 77.4% 84.8% 54.7% 57.1% 81.1% 42.9% 66.5%

Quantity 24 28 29 13 30 18 142

Computer

HH 10 6 4 2 5 9 36

% 32.3% 18.2% 7.5% 9.5% 13.5% 32.1% 17.7%

Quantity 12 6 4 3 5 15 45

Car HH 0 1 0 1 0 0 2

% 0.0% 3.0% 0.0% 4.8% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0%

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Types of assets

Total surveyed

HHs


Mung Chieng

BanChieng

SinhChieng

Coi Hua La

Chieng Co

Total HHs 31 33 53 21 37 28 203

Quantity 1 2 3


Ethnicity component in the subproject area

Total number of households is 12,251 households, total population is 55,251 people, belonging to 10 ethnic groups living together, such as Tay, Nung, Mong, Thai, Kinh, Muong, Tho, Dao, Kho Me and San Diu. Thai people account for 65.8%, Kinh people account for 33.4%, and the number of Nung, Muong and some other ethnic groups account for a small proportion.

Table 25: Ethnic composition in subproject communes/wards

No. Commune/wardKinh Thai Nung Muong Total

Household

Proportion

Household

Proportion

Household

Proportion

Household

Proportion

Household

Proportion

I Mai Son district 140 75.7% 44 23.8% 1 0.5% 0 0.0% 185 100%

1 Chieng Mung Commune 60 57.7% 44 42.3% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 104 100%

2 Chieng Ban Commune 80 98.8% 0 0.0% 1 1.2% 0 0.0% 81 100%

II Son La City 88 17.7% 405 81.5% 2 0.4% 2 0.4% 497 100%

1 Chieng Sinh Ward 39 27.5% 103 72.5% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 142 100%

2 Chieng Coi Ward 24 37.5% 36 56.3% 2 3.1% 2 3.1% 64 100%

3 Hua La Commune 9 6.1% 139 93.9% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 148 100%

4 Chieng Co Commune 16 11.2% 127 88.8% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 143 100%

Total 228 33.4% 449 65.8% 3 0.4% 2 0.3% 682 100%


According to the results of social screening and assessment, it shows that there are ethnic minority people living in the subproject area, including Thai, Muong, Mong, Tay, Dao and Nung. The Thai people account for a vast majority. Ethnic minorities and Kinh people share the same form of political, socio-economic institutions and are organized by village/hamlet, commune / ward, district rather than living in isolation or organized by customary law. Ethnic minority households living with Kinh and other ethnic minorities in the peri-urban areas and near the current National Highway 6, near the communal administrative center, the village cultural house and it is very easy to access to other social services such as commune / ward health stations, district and provincial hospitals, schools and entertainment areas, etc.

The economic activities of the ethnic minorities are similar to those of the Kinh: working in agriculture, cultivation, livestock and forestry in the form of caring, protecting and exploiting forest products in accordance with the regulations of the State. Many ethnic minority households participate in large-scale production and business activities. The production practices of the ethnic minorities and the Kinh are the same and there is no difference.

Page 56

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceAccording to the 2019 census and housing data (Statistical Yearbook2019, Son La province), the proportion of poor EM households in 2018 in the subproject communes is: 0.9% in Hua La; 1.3% in Chieng Co; 1.6% in Chieng Sinh; 2.0% in Chieng Coi; 6.9% in Chieng Ban; and 11.3% in Chieng Mung, while the overall poverty rate across the province in 2018 was 33.6%.

Because the characteristics of ethnic minorities living in the communes/wards are quite diverse with many components, the cultural characteristics, customs and habitats of each ethnic group are different. However, in social relations, the ethnic minority groups in the area all have similarities with the Kinh people because they live alternately with the Kinh. In addition, the marriage exchanges (from one ethnic group to another) are now quite common in Son La province. This leads to the intersection of culture and customs.

According to the assessment of the Department of Ethnic Affairs of Son La city, the Division of Ethnic Affairs of Mai Son district and the People’s Committee of the subproject communes, all the ethnic minorities here use common language in daily communication, a few of them use their own language when communicating exclusively in the group. Children of ethnic minorities and Kinh people all attend the same school at all levels, participate in cultural activities with hamlet/groups/villages. According to the leaders of the communes/wards, ethnic minorities are the majority and not vulnerable, while the Kinh accounts for a few number. The traditional festivals of ethnic minorities are encouraged to be held according to their cultural identity and with the participation of other ethnic groups. Many major holidays and festivals are held for all ethnic groups, such as the Great Solidarity Day, showing the cohesion among ethnic groups. Thus, with the specific characteristics of ethnic minorities present in the subproject area of Son city bypass, section Km289+950-Km308+820 mentioned above shows that despite the presence of ethnic minorities in the subproject area, according to the World Bank’s guidance on Ethnic Minorities in OP4/10, the subproject does not need to develop a separate EM (ethnic minority) development plan nor activate its own policies on ethnic minorities in the subproject.

Health and wellness

Common diseases in the affected households in the survey are common colds and flu with prevalence rates of 86.2% and 94.1% of the total number of respondents. The number of people with respiratory diseases is also not much, only accounting for 13.8%. There are 7 households with people with malaria, accounting for 3.4%. Cholera and hepatitis are rare, only 2 out of 203 surveyed households. 100% of surveyed households do not suffer from hepatitis, dysentery or poinsoning.

Table 26: Common diseases in the subproject area

Popular diseases affected

Mai Son district Son La cityTotalChieng

Mung Chieng Ban Chieng Sinh Chieng Coi Hua La Chieng Co


ColdYes 31 100.0 31 93.9 44 83.0 19 90.5 35 94.6 15 53.6 175 86.2

No 0 0.0 2 6.1 9 17.0 2 9.5 2 5.4 13 46.4 28 13.8

FluYes 31 100.0 33 100.0 50 94.3 18 85.7 37 100.0 22 78.6 191 94.1

No 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 5.7 3 14.3 0 0.0 6 21.4 12 5.9

RespiratoryYes 2 6.5 2 6.1 17 32.1 3 14.3 0 0.0 4 14.3 28 13.8

No 29 93.5 31 93.9 36 67.9 18 85.7 37 100.0 24 85.7 175 86.2

MalariaYes 1 3.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 8.1 3 10.7 7 3.4

No 30 96.8 33 100.0 53 100.0 21 100.0 34 91.9 25 89.3 196 96.6

Cholera Yes 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 7.1 2 1.0

Page 57


Popular diseases affected

Mai Son district Son La cityTotalChieng

Mung Chieng Ban Chieng Sinh Chieng Coi Hua La Chieng Co


No 31 100.0 33 100.0 53 100.0 21 100.0 37 100.0 26 92.9 201 99.0

DysenteryYes 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

No 31 100.0 33 100.0 53 100.0 21 100.0 37 100.0 28 100.0 203 100.0

Liver disease

Yes 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 7.1 2 1.0

No 31 100.0 33 100.0 53 100.0 21 100.0 37 100.0 26 92.9 201 99.0

ToxicatedYes 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

No 31 100.0 33 100.0 53 100.0 21 100.0 37 100.0 28 100.0 203 100.0

Source: Compliance Review Report and Implementation Plan of the Subproject’s Compensation, Support and Resettlement Policy

In the subproject affected area, common household diseases are common, such diseases as: flu, measles, pertussis, chickenpox, foot - hand - mouth disease, other diseases: malaria, hepatitis, diabetes….

In general, the health condition of the people is guaranteed, and there are no major epidemics in the region. Over the past years, the city has also been proactive in preventing epidemics such as Covid-19, H1N1 flu, blue-ear pig epidemic, viral encephalitis ... and recently is Covid-19 epidemic which has limited the impact of these epidemics on the health of the people.

Education

In the communes of the subproject area, all wards and communes (6/6) have primary and secondary schools. The communes maintain and reach the standard of universal kindergarten education for children at 5 years old and reach the standard of universal primary education. Maintain and reach the standard ò universal lower secondary education Level 1.

Tourism

Son La is an attractive destination for domestic and international tours in the Northwest region of Vietnam. Son La has convenient road and waterway transportation system, so tourism routes are developed including: Hanoi - Son La - Dien Bien - Laos; Hanoi - Son La - Lai Chau. Revenue from accommodation services, catering services, and travel services has increased each year.

However, in the first 6 months of 2020, the province's socio-economic report shows by economic sector: The hospitality industry decreased; travel services and tourism support activities decreased. Partly due to the epidemic situation, the overall low economic growth and partly due to the lack of demand for tourism.

2.4. INFRASTRUCTURE CONDITIONS

Transport system

The subproject area currently has two national highways: National Highway 6 and National Highway 4G. Urban transport has nearly 110 routes, with a length of nearly 200 km; where roads are concretized, asphalt coated, gravel.

Rural roads have a total length of about 150 km, including communal, inter-commune and inter-village roads. In general, the quality of road has been not concreted.

Access routes to the subproject area: access routes to the subproject area to transport raw materials, fuel, and materials for construction activities include: NH6, NH4G, Hung Vuong,

Page 58

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceLe Quy Don, Nguyen Van Linh, Hoang Van Thu, Chieng Co.

- NH6 and NH4G: The beginning and end of the subproject route can be easily accessed via National Highway 6, between the access route through the NH4G route. National Highways have the width of asphalt concrete foundation, width B = 9.0m, good road quality, ensuring material transportation activities of the subproject.

- The routes Hung Vuong, Le Quy Don, Nguyen Van Linh, Hoang Van Thu, Chieng Co are all asphalt concrete roads, approaching the mid-line area of the subproject, the width of the routes is about B = 7.0m, good road quality, guaranteed for the subproject material transportation.

Route for transporting excess soil and rock to the subproject’s waste soil and rock dump: excess soil and rock from excavation of the foundation, bridges, culverts will be transported to 02 land and rock waste yards of the subproject. The transport route goes through NH4G (asphalt concrete road, B = 9.0m) and the inter-commune concrete road (B = 5.0m). The quality of the routes is good, ensuring the operation of the means of transport.

Solid waste collection and treatment

The collection of waste, solid waste in daily life and production in the area is carried out by the urban environmental company in the form of public enterprises. Due to the budget for operating costs and the sanitation fee collection account for a small proportion of the total environmental costs, only 80% of the solid waste is treated.

The average amount of waste collected is 200 tons/day by manual method, then transported to the landfill in Khoang village, Chieng Ngan commune, where is about 5km from Son La city. Waste is not classified but buried. Waste is leveled and compacted on the same day (in the morning and afternoon) with a bulldozer and excavator.

All domestic waste of the subproject during construction will be collected, transported and treated at the landfill of Khoang village in Chieng Ngan commune. Treatment capacity of the landfill ensures construction activities of the subproject.

Electricity system

The grid electricity system in Son La city and Mai Son district is relatively complete, basically meeting the needs of production and consumption in the area with 479.4 km of high voltage transmission lines; 4,617.62km of medium voltage line; 4,571.75 km of low voltage lines and 2,661 transformer stations of all kinds.

100% of households in the subproject area use electricity from the grid for daily activities and household production.

The subproject can easily use the grid power sources in the area to serve construction activities. Subproject owner/contractor should reach agreement with local power supply unit before starting construction activities.

Current state of water supply

On average, the proportion of the people using clean water (tap water) is only 36.9%, of which, mainly concentrated in Son La city, such as Chieng Coi ward (81.0%), followed by Chieng Co (60.7%), and Chieng Sinh (43.4%). In Mai Son distrcit, the number of households accessing tap water in Chieng Mung is 38.7%, while the affected households in Chiang Ban commune do not have access to tap water (0%). Most households in the subproject area use water from dug wells or water from ravines with rates of 25.1% and 23.6% respectively.

The subproject has easy access to surface water sources for construction activities from Ban Hom, Nam La and Bong Bung streams.

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2.5. SPECIFIC SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

The Son La City bypass subproject will be implemented in 06 wards / communes of Son La City and Mai Son district. The communes / wards where the bypass route passes are located in the west-southwest of the city and are the peri-urban communes in the west of Son La city. The economy of the commune is mainly based on agro-forestry production, commercial development and handicraft industry. The main types of agricultural crops include fruit trees (plum, mango, longan, citrus, dragon fruit), upland rice, maize, sweet potato... forestry trees mainly include production forests, acacia ... The environmental status of the subproject area is in the overall baseline environment analyzed for Son La City (see section 2.2), however, it will be examined in more detail here as a basis for the analysis of environmental impacts arising from subproject activities.

The main environmental and social characteristics along the works within the subproject's investment scope are shown as follows:

- The subproject route has the starting point at Km289 + 950 - NH6 (Mai Son T-junction), passing through Mai Son district and Son La city, the end point of the route joins the local bypass of Son La pass at Km308 +820 (Km326 + 375 - Old route QL6). Most of the route is new, only the beginning of the route from Km289 + 950 - Km290 + 330.68 will coincide with the old NH6.

- After that, the route turns left and separates from the old road, starting from East to West, passing Sang village, crossing Bung Bong stream, running close to the northern foot of Be Nam mountain. To Km292 + 172.47, the route intersects with NH4G (Km1 + 330_ route QL4G), about 90m from NH4G junction with DT105 towards Ma river. The route crosses behind the residential area of Cooperative 3. The route then passes close to the south of the rocky mountain of Hoang Van Thu Cooperative 3 area to avoid the existing residential area along the dirt road connecting Phieng Quai village with Hoang Van Thu residential area. The route runs parallel to this dirt road and about 60 - 150m to the right. Due to the terrain of the road, it gradually increase elevation. The route will cross the Quyet Thang - Chieng Ban district road (newly renovated by ADB fund) at Km298 + 780 (Km0 + 800_location of intersection). The route will run along the Bong Hia mountain and pass the pass with an altitude of + 680m. The route gradually lowers the altitude to reach the area of Hia village, to Kham village, passes Nam La stream and intersects with Provincial road – Mong village lake at Sang village. The route coincides with the trail to go to Lua village. From here, the route crosses the slope of Dan Hun mountain, across the stream (upstream) to Hom village. The route follows the slopes on the left side of the stream in Hom village and across the stream (downstream), avoiding Son La pass, connecting to the Son La pass bypass at Km308 + 820 (Km326 + 375 - old NH6). The end point of Km308 + 820 connects to the local bypass of Son La pass in Hom village, Chieng Co commune, Son La city (Km326 + 375 - route NH6).

- The route mainly passes through hills and mountains alternating with valleys of industrial crops and fruit trees. The average height is from 650m to 750m. The route runs along the mountain slopes and on the left of existing National Highway 6.

The social status along the subproject's route can be divided into four types: (i) passing through the residential area coinciding with the old National Highway 6; (ii) running near residential areas of Chieng Sinh commune; (iii) passing through hilly, productive and uninhabited areas; and (iv) intersections.

- The beginning of the route is the intersection point with NH6, coinciding with the old National Highway 6 about 380m, where the population density is high, there are many

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solid houses, and it is estimated about 30 households in this area. - Then t route goes through the hilly area, production land and near the residential area

of Chieng Sinh commune, then the route connects to the intersection with NH4G, where there is a high concentration of population, the length of the route is about 1.9km. The route is about 100-150m from residential areas. There are about 70 households living in this area.

- (iii) After that the route passes through the intersection with NH4G, within 200m of the intersection, there is a density of population (about 50 households) and many solid houses. At NH4G, the road quality is good, the width is about 9.0-15.0m.

- (iv) After that, the route will mainly pass through hilly areas and people's productive land. The terrain is strongly and deeply divided. The population is at least 500m away from the route area.

- (v) In addition, on the route, there is an intersection with Hoang Van Thu road (underground residential tunnel), Nam La stream (construction of Ban Sang bridge) and Ban Hom stream (construction of Ban Hom bridge 1). These areas are rarely inhabited, the distance to the nearest residential area is about 500m.

- At the end of the Son La bypass route, it intersects with NH6, where there is a large concentration of population of Chieng Co commune. Within about 100m from the intersection, there is a dense population and there are many solid houses. There are about 20 households living near the intersection area. At NH6, the road quality is good and it is the asphalt road with the width of 25-30m.

Environmental status: The quality of the air, soil and water environment in the work area has been not polluted. Activities generating waste are mainly from people's activities, agriculture activities and means of transport. However, special attention should be paid to the noise resonance during the construction phase at the beginning of the construction route and at the area intersecting with NH6 and NH4G.

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Figure 4: Status along the Son La city bypass

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Begining point intersecting withNH6

End point intersecting with

NH6

Route section near residential area of

Chieng Sinh commune

Ban Sang bridge

Ban Hom 1 bridge

Intersecting point with Hoang Van Thu road

Route section near residential area of Chieng Co commune

Ban Mong hot spring

The section coincides with the old NH6,

where there is a high density of population


Images of current land use along the Son La city bypass

The section of the route passing through the residential area coinciding with the old NH6 (L = 380m)

The intersection at the beginning of the route at Km289 + 950 in the area of Chieng Mung

commune, which is close to residential area and high density of traffic on NH6

The section coinciding with the old NH6, passing through the residential area of Chieng Mung commune, where there is a high density of

population along the route.

The section of the route going near the residential area of Chieng Sinh commune (L = 1.9 km)

The section of the route going through hilly land near the residential area of Chieng Sinh commune

The section of the route going through the productive land used for planting vegetables (such as kohlrabi, cabbage, lettuce ...) near the residential

area of Chieng Sinh commune.

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceThe section of the route going through the hilly and mountainous land, the production land of the people (not near residential areas with L = 16.57 km)

Industrial crops (coffee trees) land in Chieng Ban commune

Land area for planting fruit tree of people in Chieng Sinh commune

Production area (maize) of the people of Chieng Coi commune

Hilly land in Hua La commune

Hilly land in Chieng Co commune The intersection at the end of the route Km308 + 820 in the area of Chieng Co commune

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceIntersections of the bypass of Son La City with existing roads

Intersection with HN4G Intersection with HN4G

Intersection at Ban Hom 1 bridge (the road to Chieng Co commune)

Intersection at Ban Sang bridge

Intersection at Hoang Van Thu road

2.6. DESCRIPTION OF SENSITIVE WORKS SURROUNDING SUBPROJECT AREA

The implementation of the subproject during the construction and operation phase, in addition to the general impacts on dust, noise, wastewater, waste, etc. Also has potential negative impacts as well as risks to the sensitive sites/structures on issues such as traffic safety, service accessibility, community conflicts, travel conditions and daily activities of the surrounding people. Below is the description of location, socio-economic and environmental characteristics of sensitive sites/structures next to the subproject area.

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Table 27: List of sensitive structures and sensitive sites near the subproject area

No. Sensitive Site/Structure Characteristics

1 The starting point of the route, the intersection with National Highway 6 at Km289+950

- This is the intersection area intersecting the road of the subproject and NH6 route. At the intersection, there is high traffic density, a variety of vehicles, including rudimentary vehicles and large vehicles.- The quality of the roadbed at the intersection is

good, but the curves and visibility in traffic are obstructed/limited.- There are many trade activities between the delta

area with Son La city and the northwestern provinces through this intersection.- Around the intersection area is densely populated,

within 100m there are over 50 households living. In addition trading, production and business activities (mainly carpentry and small-scale trade) of households at the intersection are also busy.

2 Intersection with NH4G at Km292+172

- This is the intersection area where the road intersects the subproject’s route and the NH4G. - High density of vehicles in traffic, as this is the

artery connecting Son La City and Song Ma district as well as trade activities with Laos.- The quality of the road foundation at the

intersection is good, the width of the roadbed is about 9.0-15.0m.- Around the intersection area is densely populated

(about 50 households). The business activities are mainly small-scale trading activities of daily necessities.

3 Ban Mong hot mineral stream tourist area, located near the

intersection of Ban Sang Bridge at Km298+775

- The hot water bath area is located in Mong village, Hua La commune. The route of the subproject intersects with Nguyen Van Linh street at Ban Sang bridge area. Nguyen Van Linh street is the only route to access Ban Mong hot mineral stream. - Ban Mong hot mineral stream tourist area is located

about 1000m away from the intersection. - Operation houses of the tourist area usually take

place from 6am to 10pm. The peak tourist season usually takes place in Spring.

4 Chieng Co Primary School, located near the intersection of

Ban Hom 1 Bridge at Km306+930

- The route of the subproject intersects with the route Chieng Co, which is the access with the area of Chieng Co Primary School. - Chieng Co Primary School is located more than

70m from the road area of the subproject. - The subproject does not occupy the land of this

work.- The campus area is about 2,500 m2, with about over

200 students.- Student’s learning time takes place from Monday -

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No. Sensitive Site/Structure Characteristics

Friday, the time of arrival and departure is between 6:30am - 7:30a.m, 11am-12am, 1pm-2pm and 4:30pm-5:30pm.

5 Chieng Co Secondary School, located near the intersection of

Ban Hom 1 Bridge at

- Chieng Co Secondary School is next to Chieng Co Primary School, about 50m from the road area of the subproject. - The subproject implementation will not affect the

land of this work.- The campus area is about 3,000 m2, with over 300

students.- Student’s learning time takes place from Monday -

Friday, the time of arrival and departure is between 6:30am - 7:30a.m, 11am-12am, 1pm-2pm and 4:30pm-5:30pm.

6 Chieng Co wholesale market, located on the road to Chieng Co

commune

- Chieng Co wholesale market subproject is located near the intersection at the end of the route, about 50m away. At the same time, this is also a densely populated area (there are about 20 households living around the market).- Although the Chieng Co wholesale market is close

to the route of the subproject, the subproject will not affect the area of the market.- The area of Chieng Co wholesale market is about

1,500 m2, concentrating about 50 households doing business in the market. The main items for sale are foodstuffs and household’s goods.- Operating time of the market takes place from 4am

- 7pm daily.

7 The end point of the route, intersection with Highway 6 at Son

La pass area, Km308+820

- This is the intersection of the crossroads between the subproject route and the NH6 route at the Son La bypass. - At the intersection at the end of the route, high

density of vehicles in traffic (including rudimentary vehicles and large vehicles).- The quality of the roadbed at the intersection is

good, but the curves and visibility in traffic are obstructed/limited because there are a few households living near the intersection.- Around the intersection area is densely populated,

within 100m there are more than 30 households living. - Business activities also take place quite busy at the

intersection at the end of the route: (i)operation of Chieng Co wholesale; (ii) business activities of neighboring households; (iii) trade activities between the delta provinces and Son La province as well as the mountainous northwestern provinces.

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CHAPTER 3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

The development of the Son La bypass section subproject is completely in line with a number of important local strategies including the Son La Provincial Plan for the period 2021 - 2030 and a vision to 2045.

During the subproject's impact assessment process, analysis of alternatives is an important stage in the evaluation. The main goal of the analysis of alternatives is to identify location/design/technology to be applied to a particular subproject component to minimize adverse impacts and maximize positive impacts. Analysis of alternatives is carried out for the subproject, especially the alternatives on route and the subproject investment scale to improve environmental sanitation and selection of site, measures and technologies for new road and bridge construction. The analytical results are presented below.

3.1. “WITH” AND “WITHOUT” THE SUBPROJECT ALTERNATIVES

In case of without this subproject, it is clear that there will be disadvantage under the current conditions:

- Firstly, National Highway 6 passing through Son La city has a small scale, complicated vehicles passing through densely populated areas of the city, potentially risking traffic safety, beauty, and environmental sanitation. With the growing trend of urban residents, population increases and necessities for living increase, vehicle traffic increases and traffic levels will be affected (congestion, accidents, pollution will increase).

- Secondly, the expansion of the existing highway will face difficulties in site clearance due to the number of relocated households, the number of affected people and the huge budget.

- An inconvenient transportation system is one of the major obstacles to economic development and improved quality of life. In this area, Le Duan street is the main traffic axis extending from Chieng Mung commune through Chieng Sinh ward to the junction intersecting with Chu Van An road (this section was invested from the original subproject VRAMP). Therefore, most of the future administrative, cultural and sports facilities will be located along this road, leading to more traffic problems. This will affect economic exchanges and the direction of new urban development. This phenomenon will put a heavy burden on old urban areas in terms of population concentration, economic and socio-cultural development. Given the city's current growth rate, expanding the city to the south is essential for sustainable development as it will help reduce the load on the old town.

When the Son La City bypass is implemented, it will help improve the efficiency of the original subproject through investments in additional facilities. It's expected to increase the number of beneficiaries to more than 40,000 people. Through subproject activities, the social and environmental benefits from the initial subproject will be enhanced as residents in the bypass section have better access to outside, better transport infrastructure and improve good landscape and environment. Table below describes in more detail the comparison between the two alternatives with and without subprojects.

Table 28: Analysis of options "with" and "without" subproject

Investment item With subproject Without subproject

Infrastructure - Infrastructure at the subproject - Traffic infrastructure in the

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Investment item With subproject Without subproject

implementation area (Chieng Mung commune, Chieng Ban commune, Chieng Sinh, Chieng Coi ward, Hua La commune, Chieng Co) has been improved with a new road full of traffic signal system, the horizontal / vertical drainage ditch system and existing crossroad interconnection system. - Investing in work items will facilitate travel for people, and speed up the development of residential areas.- Traffic connectivity was improved with newly built bridges / roads and reduced urban traffic congestion.

subproject area is not improved, the travel and transporting goods are difficult. - The effectiveness of the roads improved in the original subproject was not maximized.- Road traffic pressure through Son La city still exists and increases.

Air pollution. - Dust and exhaust gas from vehicles in traffic on the route

- No dust and gas emissions

Landslides - Restricted in areas with weak geology and high altitude areas when facing adverse weather by structural solutions, retaining walls

- Potential danger of landslides in mountainous areas, weak geology in the face of adverse weather

Land Acquisition and Resettlement

- Affecting 731 households of 6 wards and communes, of which 32 households have to be resettled

- Not affected by land acquisition or resettlement activities

Social disorder

- There will be disturbance to the activities and business of local people during the subproject and divide some communities.

- Do not cause social disturbance

Increase land use value

- The construction of the road will facilitate trade, the land on the two sides of the road will form residential areas, urban areas and commercial activities. Therefore, the value of land will be increased, creating a driving force for socio-economic development.

- Low land value

Effect of the subproject

- The benefits of the Son La bypass road are maximized by promoting the efficiency of the previous period.

- The benefits of the current works of the VRAMP project in the previous period are not maximized.

3.2. ALTERNATIVES OF THE BYPASS

The characteristics, meaning and technical regulations for the bypass route: traffic capacity, technical standards ensure the same requirements as for NH6, Hoa Binh - Son La section, and at the same time suitable for plan development space, environmental landscape of Son La city,... attracts the majority of external traffic flows. Therefore, the selection of Son La passby route tis very important.

Route options:

The route starts from Km289 + 950 NH6 to coincide with the old NH6 to Km291 + 164, from here, studying 4 options:

- Option 1: From Km291 + 164, the route will continue to coincide with the old NH6 to

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Chieng Sinh junction, go along the same trail to Lay village (to the left of existing NH6) about 300m. The route continues to follow the road to the quarry 1-5 for about 2.5 km, along Hong Bong stream through Lay village, Ban village, Ban Co village, then go to Noong Duc village. The route will go close to the resettlement areas of Son La hydroelectricity in Lay village (left side) and Noong Duc village (right side), then along the slope of Ngu Lap mountain pass the control point of pass with the height of + 800m, cut the district road Quyet Thang - Chieng Ban Highway (newly renovated using ADB fund) at Km298 + 135 (Km0 + 800_location of intersection). The route goes along the slope of Bong Hia mountain and passes through the pass with an altitude of + 680m. The route gradually lowers the elevation to reach the area of Huu village, down to Kham village, cross Nam La stream and intersect with Provincial Party road - Mong village lake in Sang village area. The route coincided with the trail to go to Lua village. From here, the route crosses the saddle of Dan Hun mountain, cuts across the stream (upstream) to go down to Hom village. The route follows the road to Chieng Co commune and ends at Km308 + 820 (joining the local bypass of Son La pass Km326 + 375). Length of route OPTION 1: L1 = 18.8km.

- Option 1A: From Km292 + 790_OPTION 1, the route will cross the stream branch, along the side of Pu Mut mountain, parallel to Option 1 on the other side of the stream, completely avoid 2 resettlement areas in Lay village and Noong Duc village. The route will cross the trail about 100m from the old road, next to the primary school in Noong Duc commune. Then cross the stream to merge into Option 1 at Km296 + 470 (Km296 + 540_OPTION 1). Length of Option 1A: L1A = 18.7km (the same section of OPTION 1 is about 15km).

- Option 2: From Km292 + 790_OPTION 1, turn left, go parallel to the stream to reach Lay village fishpond (managed by the Labor Education Center of Son La province) go around behind Pu Mut mountain, go parallel on the right side of the stream and about 200-300m from the trail connecting Phieng Quai village to Nam village. The route will pass Noong Duc pass, go through the coffee planting hill along IngHem mountain side, Bo Ba mountain, cut the district road connecting Mai Son with Son La city at Km298 + 510, then merge into OPTION 1 at Km298 + 660 (Km298 + 280_OPTION 1). Length of Option2: L2 = 19.2 km (the section overlapping with Option 1 is about 13.5 km).

- Option 3: From Km291 + 164 on the old NH6, the route turns left from the old road, going from East to West, passing through the field of Sang village, crossing Bung Bong stream, going close to the northern foot of Be Nam mountain. The route intersects with NH4G at Km292 + 200 (Km1 + 330_ station NH4G). The route crosses the saddle to the back of the residential area of Cooperative 3, and goes upstream of the Lay village fish pond. Then the route goes close to the south foot of the rocky mountain in Hoang Van Thu Cooperative 3 area to avoid the current residential area along the dirt road connecting Phieng Quai village with Hoang Van Thu residential area, and then along the slope of Ngu Luom mountain to pass the controlling point of the pass with the height of + 800m, cuts the road of Quyet Thang - Chieng Ban district road (newly renovated using ADB capital) at Km298 + 780 (Km0 + 800 intersection station). The route goes along the slope of Bong Hia mountain and passes through the pass with an altitude of + 680m. The route gradually lowers the elevation to reach the area of Huu village, down to Kham village, cross Nam La stream and intersect with Provincial Party road - Mong village lake in Sang village area. The route coincided with the trail to go to Lua village. From here, the route crosses the saddle of Dan Hun mountain, cuts across the stream (upstream) to go down to Hom village. The route follows the road to Chieng Co commune and ends at

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Km308 + 820 (joining the local bypass of Son La pass Km326 + 375). Length of Option 3: L3 = 18.87 km

Compare route options

- Length of the route: 4 alternatives with not much length difference.

- Option 3 avoids the entire current population, avoids concentrated residential areas at the Chieng Sinh junction and the resettlement area of Son La hydropower plant, in line with Son La City development planning. On the other hand, the route goes into a relatively favorable terrain area, with little cleavage and fold, the natural horizontal slope is not great. Therefore, the quality of the route is relatively high.

- Volume of site clearance: Option 1 has the largest volume of site clearance due to the route passing through a relatively concentrated residential area, in addition to the resettlement area of Son La hydropower plant (Lay and Noong Duc villages). Option 3 volume of site clearance at least.

- Regarding technical standards and work volume: plan 3 has the highest technical specifications, the volume of earthwork and works is the least, option 3 goes upstream, thus minimizing the impact on the lake in Lay. However, due to passing through the Kaster area the handling volume is large.

- In terms of socio-economic development: Option 3 has the most advantage because it goes outside the planning scope, attracting the development of Son La city expansion.

- Since option 1 and option 1A are located close to each other, the meaning of building a road to avoid Son La city of the two options is similar. Therefore, the report only gives detailed technical factors of options 1, 2 and 3 for comparison.

Table 29: The comparision of 3 options

No. Construction works Agency Option 1 Option 2 Option 3

I Measurement length Km 18.73 19,18 18.87

II Conventional ground floor volume Mi.m3 1.54 1.76 1.87

1 Totalvolume of excavation Mi.m3 1.03 1.21 1.22

2 Total volume of embankment Mi.m3 0.51 0.55 65

III Sewer pieces / m 62 / 837.5 69 / 951.5 67 / 934.5

IV Bridge structure: pieces / m 2 / 92.25 2 / 92,25 2 / 92,25

V Intersection Intersection 7 7 12

VI Site clearance (main category)

1 House m2/ piece 22441/290 18909/250 7813

2 Residential land m2 193970 165200 52480

3 Agricultural land m2 76537 60314 135495

4 Industrial land m2 459900 415875 520965

VII Total estimated investment billion 638,633 661,925 669,749

VIII. Total investment by Km billion 34,10 34:51 34.35

Recommendations

- Option 2 and option 3 have not much difference in total investment.

- In which, option 2 has a large volume of site clearance and cannot separate residential

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areas. Alternative 3 has a small amount of site clearance and completely separates residential areas, so the meaning of the bypass for Option 3 is the most appropriate.

- With the above advantages and disadvantages, recommendations plan selected as Option 3 (the route passing through the communes of Chieng Mung, Chieng Sinh, Chieng Ban, Hua La, Chieng Co, Chieng Co).

CHAPTER 4. SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The asessment on environmental and social impacts caused by the activities under the subproject of construction of Son La city bypass in preparation, construction and operation stages aims to qualitatively and quantitively identify potential impacts on environment, society and human health during the subproject implementation; then accordingly, to propose appropriate mitigation measures for the subproject’s negative impacts. The scope of the subproject's environmental and social impact assessment covers 3 components:

- Preparation stage;

- Construction stage;

- Operation stage.

4.1. POSITIVE IMPACTS OF THE SUBPROJECT

In recent years, the transport system of Son La city has been overloaded and degraded, causing many negative impacts on the environment and society, especially in some areas of urban wards. such as Chieng Sinh, Quyet Tam, Quyet Thang, Chieng Coi, Chieng Le wards... affecting the environment and people's health, traffic overload, congestion, risk of traffic accidents. The subproject implementation which will contribute to the improvement of internal traffic in the city in particular and the Northwest region in general is a necessary issue.

Therefore, implementing the subproject will bring many benefits, specifically:

- Gradually implementing the master plan on socio-economic development of Son La city up to 2030 with a vision to 2045; the premise for the development and promotion of the economic, cultural and social development of Son La province and contributing to the construction and sustainable development of Son La city according to the grade-III of urban area.

- Improving infrastructure conditions for communes and wards which are still limited, facilitate trade between communes in the region and outside provinces; Separating the line of intercity traffic flow to prevent traffic congestion, ensure traffic safety, ensure aesthetics and convenience for operation.

- Raising the capacity to transport goods and transport vehicles through the city area; Developing diplomacy, playing the role of international link with Laos and China;

- Developing crossroads to highlands and remote areas on both sides of national highways, forming a traffic network for the entire Northwest; Facilitating regional economic promotion: transportation of agricultural products, convenient transportation and trade...

- Improving the regional landscape conditions through the new route formation.

- Developing socio-economic condition, tourism or investment attraction for provinces

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in the Northern mountainous region;

- Serving security and defense;

4.2. TYPES AND SCOPES OF IMPACTS

Based on the analysis of baseline data, field visits and discussions with officials and stakeholders, the subproject’s potential negative impacts on the physical, biological and economic environments have been identified. The type and scope of these potential negative impacts are summarized in the table below. The potential negative impacts of the subproject, after implementation of the mitigation measures presented in the following sections of the report, are mostly negligible.

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Table 30: Negative impacts which may be caused by the subproject

Period

Physical environment Biological environment The social environment Incident/ risks

Air, noise, vibration

Soil, water

Solid waste, sludge

Forest, natural habitat

Hydrobiology

Land Acquisition

and Resettlement

Indigenous people

Physical cultural

resources

Livelihoods, community disturbance

Flooding / traffic / safety

landslides / disasters

The total length of the route section is 18.87 kmRoute section from Km289 + 950 - Km292 + 255.76: Road standard of grade III, plain; road foundation width of 12.0m, road surface width of 7.0m; design speed of 80km/h.Section from Km292 + 255.76 - Km308 + 820: Road standard of grade III, mountainous area; road foundation width is 9.0m, road surface width is 6.0m; design speed is 60km/h.The works on the route include 38 drainage culverts, 02 traffic bridges and 01 underground tunnelOccupied land area 51.78 ha; 731 households are affected with 2,500 people

Preparation N N N L N M M L M L N

Construction M L M L L N N M M M M

Operation L L N N N N N N N M L

Notes Preparation period:- Small to moderate impact and controllable via ESCOPs (see note (2) below this table)

- Specific activities include land acquisition, and safety risks related to unexploded ordnances - Site clearance requires vegetation clearing, affecting local communities such as increasing local flood risks and traffic safety during construction;- The leveling can affect the drainage system in the area if not paid enough attention in the detailed design process; soil erosion, landslides can

increase the risk of pollution of streams.Construction: 80,812 m3 waste soil created by the digging process; wastewater from construction process; social impacts Operation: traffic safety, drainage (ditches system, bridge...)

Notes: (1) The following criteria are used to evaluate the impact level: No (N) - No impact; Low (L) - Small-scale, small, local, changeable, temporary works; Medium (M) -

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Period

Physical environment Biological environment The social environment Incident/ risks

Air, noise, vibration

Soil, water

Solid waste, sludge

Forest, natural habitat

Hydrobiology

Land Acquisition

and Resettlement

Indigenous people

Physical cultural

resources

Livelihoods, community disturbance

Flooding / traffic / safety

landslides / disasters

Small works in urban / sensitive areas, medium-sized works with moderate impacts, most of the impacts are changeable, can be mitigated and controlled, be local and temporary in nature; High (H) - Medium-sized works in sensitive areas / small towns; large-scale subprojects that have significant impacts (in terms of environment and society), many of which are irreversible and need compensation; Both M and H works need supervision and implementation of appropriate safety mitigation and remediation measures. (2) Small and medium scale works, most of the impacts are local, temporary and can be mitigated by adopting advanced construction methods and appropriate construction management mechanisms. There is a need for close supervision and consultation with local communities.

Severely affected households: households who lose more than 20% of land (or 10% of productive land)Relocated people: people affected by unintentional land acquisition resulting in:- Relocation or loss of accommodation- Loss of property or access to property- Loss of income sources or means of livelihood, regardless of relocation or not- Limit legal access to parks and protected areas, causing serious impacts on life.

Vulnerable Group: Groups that are differently affected by the subproject's severe impacts and / or difficulty in accessing benefits and compensation, including livelihood restoration and property compensation, when Compare with the rest of APs. These individuals, regardless of gender, ethnicity, age, physical or mental disabilities, social or economic difficulties, may be more affected by economic or physical displacement compared with others and who are more limited in their ability to receive resettlement compensation or resettlement assistance and other associated development benefits.

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4.3. IMPACTS AND RISKS IN THE PRECONSTRUCTION PHASE

General impacts during the preparation phase include (1) land acquisition; (2) Safety risks related to leftover mines and unexploded ordnances (UXO). As the subproject is constructed by consecutive construction method by section and due to the short time of preparation, impacts from dismantling and site clearance, dredging, excavation or camp preparation will be mainly generated in the construction phase and will be presented in the next section.

4.3.1. Impacts due to land acquisition

1. Occupied land area

The subproject will acquire land of 731 households in six communes/wards in Son La city and Mai Son district. In which, there are 465 affected ethnic minority households (accounting for 63.5%) and the ethnic minority households are mainly Thai people. According to the DMS result, total land area of types to be acquired to serve the construction of the subproject is 51.78ha. Details of the types of land is in the table below:

Table 31: Summary of the types of land acquired by each ward / commune

No. Commune/ ward

Total acquired land area

(m2)

Residential land

Land for perennial

crops

Annual crop land

Land for aquacultu

re

Land for planting

one season

rice

Forestry land

Non-agriculture land

Other land

I Mai Son district 77,524.8 869.0 30,725.6 40,954.9 2,007.6 2,103.7 - 864.0 -

1Chieng Mung

commune32,462.9 869,0 21,266.0 5,698.2 1,662.0 2,103.7 - 864.0 -

2 Chieng Ban commune 45,061.9 - 9,459.6 35,256.7 345.6 - - - -

II Son La city 440,312.1 1,550.0 308,255.0 34,498.2 5,095.4 6,528.5 56,183,9 9,581.3 18,619.8

1 Chieng Co commune 25,918.1 400.0 23,916.2 - 4,1 - - - 1,597.8

2 Hua La commune 198,614.1 800.0 149,242.8 6,749.2 4,618.8 5,243.8 20,857,1 4,785.6 6316.8

3 Chieng Sinh ward 106,071.5 150.0 77,883.2 24,027.5 392.0 38.9 3,579.9

4 Chieng Coi ward 109,708.4 200.0 57,212.8 3,721.5 80.5 1,245.8 35,326,8 1,215.8 10,705.2

Total 517,836.9 2,419.0 338,980.6 75,453.1 7,103.0 8,632.2 56,183,9 10,445.3 18,619.8

Source: Due diligence report and implementation plan of the subproject’s compensation, assistance and resettlement policy

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0.47%

65.46%

14.57%

1.37%

1.67% 10.85%2.02%3.60%

Residential land

Land for perennial crops

Annual crop land

Land for aquaculture

Land for planting one season rice

Forestry land

Non-agriculture land

Other land

Figure 5: Proportion of land occupation of the subproject (%)

Thus, there are 8 types of land occupied for the construction of the subproject work items, of which the perennial land area is occupied the most with proportion of 65.46%, the land for growing crops is occupied with the proportion of 14.57%, production forest land is occupied with the proportion of 10.85%; Residential land, non-agricultural land, aquaculture land and other land have a small occupied rate <10%. By administrative boundary, Hua La commune has most occupied land area with 38.35% and Chieng Co commune has the smallest proportion of occupied land with 5.01%.

The impact of land acquisition is assessed at “MEDIUM” because: (i) This impact is of a long-term nature, but the extent of the impact is local and concentrated in 6 wards/communes of Son La city and Mai Son district; (ii) In the future, after the bypass goes into operation, the value of land use in the adjacent areas will increase; (iii) Furthermore, this impact can be mitigated through the compensation, assistance and resettlement plan, livelihood restoration measures and other supports which will be implemented through the subproject's Due diligence report (DDR).

2. Number of affected households

The total number of affected households of the subproject is 731 households, of which

- 465/731 AHs are ethnic minorities;

- 32/731 HHs having residential land affected and relocating;

- 24/731 HHs having production and business activities affected;

- 46/731 HHs having production land severely affected (lose more than 20% of their productive land and more than 10% belonging to the vulnerable group).

- 81/731 HHs belonging to the vulnerable group.

Details of the number of affected households for each household group and by administrative boundaries of communes / wards are shown in Table 30 below.

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Table 32: Total number of households and classification of affected households

No.

Communes/ wards

Total number

of affected

HHs

Ethnic minority

HHs

Relocation HHs

Business HHs

Number of households having 20% or more of

agricultural land affected and 10% or more for the vulnerable

group

Vulnerable HHs

Poor HHs

HHs with

disable person

Single women

Homeless elderly people

I Mai Son district 204 18 6 1 20 3 2 2 0

1 Chieng Mung commune 91 17 4 1 16 0 1 1 0

2 Chieng Ban commune 113 1 2 0 4 3 1 1 0

II Son La city 527 447 26 23 26 12 12 34 16

1 Chieng Sinh ward 108 72 1 0 3 3 4 9 2

2 Chieng Coi ward 95 79 0 0 5 1 0 5 2

3 Hua La commune 179 160 17 5 10 5 8 12 8

4 Chieng Co commune 145 136 8 18 8 3 0 8 4

Total 731 465 32 24 46 15 14 36 16

Source: Due diligence report and implementation plan of the subproject compensation, assistance and resettlement policy

According to the Detailed Measurement Survey (DMS) data from units implementing land acquisition and site clearance, the total number of households affected by the subproject is 731, of which the number of affected EM households is 465, accounting for 63.6% and the ethnic minority people are mainly Thai people.

The main livelihood activities of the ethnic minorities in the subproject area are agriculture and husbandry. However, the scale of agricultural production is large. Most of them are industrial crops of high economic value and fruit trees (Coffee, Orange, Man Hau, Avocado, Mango) and livestock. According to the results of socio-economic survey, the average income of affected EM people is higher than the average income of subproject affected households. According to the census of Population and Housing in 2019 (Statistical Yearbook 2019, Son La province), the proportion of poor EM households in 2018 in the subproject wards / communes is: Hua La 0.9% ; Chieng Co 1.3%; Chieng Sinh 1.6%; Chieng Cam 2.0%; Chieng Ban 6.9%; and Chieng Mung 11.3%, while the overall poverty rate of the province in 2018 was 33.6%.

Due to the different characteristics of ethnic minorities living in communes / wards, the customs and habits of each ethnic group are different. For example, the Thai here have the custom of worshiping the heaven and earth, and worshiping in Muong village, or husband will stay at his wife’s house until the wife gives birth. However, in social relations, the ethnic minority groups in the area all have many similarities with the Kinh people because they live alternately with the Kinh. In addition, marriage exchanges (people from one ethnic group marriaging to another) are now quite common in Son La province. This leads to the interference in terms of culture and custom and agricultural production activities.

Therefore, the subproject's impact on households is assessed to be moderate and can be mitigated through compensation (land, trees, structures...) and the support (support for

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provincerelocation, support for livelihoods, and job change...).

3. Impacts related to livelihoods

According to the socio-economic survey results, the subproject will affect the livelihoods of 70 households with affected business and severely affected production land (20% or more on productive land. and 10% or more for vulnerable households). Impacts on livelihoods will be the long-term impacts but only concentrated in the first phase of the subproject, after that this impact will gradually decrease as people gradually adapt and stabilize their lives. Simultaneously, the impact is localized within the household and scattered in 6 communes and wards.

Impacts on livelihoods will be the long-term impact but the impacts mainly occur in the first phase of the subproject, after that these impacts will gradually decrease as people gradually adapt and stabilize their lives. The impact is localized within the household and scattered in 6 communes and wards. Impacts are assessed to be at medium level and mitigable through compensation for affected areas and support measures to restore livelihoods (support for livelihood stabilization, support to stabilize production and support for training, job change and job creation). Details are presented in the subproject DDR report.

4. Impacts on production forest land

The subproject implementation will acquire about 5.62 ha of production forest land of 36 households in Hua La commune and Chieng Sinh ward, Son La city. The occupation of production forest land for the construction of works will affect the livelihoods and production of the affected households. This impact will be long-term, mainly focuses on the first 3-6 months after the acquisition of production forest land. Simultaneously, this impact is assessed as SMALL, because: (i) The area of occupied production forest land is not large (accounting for about 10.85% of the total occupied land area of the subproject; (ii) The main trees are acacia and melaleuca with 1-2 years old, so the economic value is not high; (iii) The area of occupied production forest land by each household is less than 10%; (iv) According to the socio-economic survey results, in addition to income from production forests, people also have income from other agricultural activities or employment activities. These impacts can be mitigated through the compensation and support policies outlined in DDR of the subproject.

5. Impacts on the resettlement households

32 households will have to relocate due to the subproject implementation (accounting for 4.38% of total affected households) which are most in the Hua La commune area. Relocated households will have psychological effects and changes in community relations. Relocated households need time to adapt to the new environment, new services such as healthcare, markets, schools... Other social relationships will gradually develop due to the movement to a new living area. However, 32 households will relocate on the remaining land area because the remaining land area still ensures condition of construction of new house and it is consistent with local land use planning. Relocated households, after receiving the compensation and support, will build new houses and stabilize their lives. Basically, the daily activities of relocated households are disturbed only in the first 3-6 months while house is in construction progress and they will gradually stabilize their life when finishing construction activities. Therefore, this impact is assessed at “MEDIUM” level and can be mitigated through subsidies for relocated households (relocation cost, house renting cost, self-relocation cost) under the subproject DDR.

6. Impacts on business households

The subproject affects 24 business and trading households at the intersection at the beginning and the end of the bypass and at the intersection with NH4G road.

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Table 33: Summary of number of affected business households

No. Location Number of affected business households

Types of business/production

1 Intersection at Km289+950 1 Family’s plastic facilities

2 NH4G intersection at Km292+172 5 Family’s facilities, medicine

3 Intersection at the end of route at Km308+820

18 Food and daily necessities

These impacts are assessed as “small to medium” because: (i) business activities are not large, mainly food products and essential goods. (ii) construction activities are about 3-6 months at each location, thus it will disrupt production and business activities during the construction period. However, the impacts can be mitigated; (i) successive construction methods are used for each route section to minimize the construction interruption; (ii) information disclosure and public consultations are conducted to disclose the purposes, meaning and positive impacts brought about by the project in the future; (iii) households receive compensation and supports for loss of income and business (support for production and business subsistence; support for relocation of production and business establishments, severance allowances).

Intersection area at the beginning of the route at

Km289 + 950

NH4G intersection area at Km292 + 172

Intersection at the end of route at Km308 + 820

Figure 6: Current status of production and business in the subproject area

Business disruption will locally take place during the construction period (within the households). However, when the subproject comes into operation, it will contribute to the development of household business and at the same time, the impacts can be minimized through the DDR of the subproject.

7. Impacts on the vulnerable households

Land acquisition for construction of the subproject will affect 81 vulnerable households 5, accounting for 11.08% of the total number of households affected by the subproject. Table 34 below is the statistics of the number of vulnerable households affected by the subproject.

5 Vulnerable groups: are groups that may be disproportionately impacted or at risk of further impoverishment as a result of resettlement, including: (i) women headed household (no marriage, widower or husband who loses working capacity) with dependents, (ii) disabled person (unable to work), the elderly without support, (iii) the poor according to criteria of Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs (with a poverty certificate), (iv) landless people, (v) ethnic minority groups living separately, and (vi) households under preferential treatment policy such as war invalids martyrs, Vietnamese heroic mother, with meritorious services to the revolution

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Table 34: Number of vulnerable households

No. Communes/wards Number of

affected households

Vulnerable households

Poor households

Households with

disable person

Single women

The elderly without support

I Mai Son district 7 3 2 2 0

1 Chieng Mung commune 2 0 1 1 0

2 Chieng Ban commune 5 3 1 1 0

II Son La city 74 12 12 34 16

1 Chieng Sinh ward 18 3 4 9 2

2 Chieng Coi ward 8 1 0 5 2

3 Hua La commune 33 5 8 12 8

4 Chieng Co commune 15 3 0 8 4

Total 81 15 14 36 16

In terms of income, households' resilience will be slower than others due to limited internal resources (finance, labor, knowledge or skills) - it requires more support. However, this impact is assessed as “SMALL” because vulnerable households, in addition to the compensation and support in accordance with the policy, the vulnerable group will receive additional support to facilitate for them to restore their livelihoods such as: (i) support through providing an apartment in the form of a purchase or a rental for living (depending on the AP's choice); or (ii) cash assistance equivalent to 30kg of rice/person/month for 6 months. Policies to support vulnerable groups will be implemented through DDR developed for the subproject...

8. Change of land use purpose

The land use purpose at the subproject sites will be changed due to the formation of the Son La city bypass. The subproject will acquire almost of land for perennial crops (65.46%), annual crop land (14.57%) and forestry land (10.85%). This will change the land use structure in the locality, partially affect income source and livelihood of affected households. However, these impacts are assessed as SMALL because: (i) the structure of land use in the subproject area tends to change, increasing the proportion in the service industry and industry, reducing the proportion in the agricultural sector; (ii) after the subproject is put into operation, the value of land around the building will increase (from agricultural land to urban land); (iii) easier accessibility, promoting local economic development.

The positive impacts brought by the subproject are much larger than the negative impacts, and these negative impacts can be mitigated through the subproject’s Resettlement Plan.

4.3.2. Safety risks related to unexploded ordnances

Safety risk related to remaining unexploded ordnances

Risk if not clearing bombs, mines, explosives: If the unexploded ordnances (UXO) are not cleared, this can be a risk in construction phase which can directly affect workers, local people and surrounding infrastructure. The subproject area has been highly developed by human activities, and thus there is not high probability that UXO will be encountrered. The consequence of UXO would have a long-term impact on the psychology, health, property and lives of workers and people in the vicinity of the incident. At the same time, these impacts can

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceaffect a wide range, affecting the air, causing deterioration of soil quality. However, these impacts can be mitigated through clearance of boms, mines and unexploded ordances by functional units.

Risks caused by mine and UXO clearance activities: Almost all route sections need clearance of bombs, mines and explosives (except for the beginning of the route which coincides with the old NH6, the NH4G intersection area and the intersection area at the end of the route). During the construction, the risk of explosion may directly affect those who directly involve in the clearance work because of the potential of the war’s left-over unexploded ordances. The clearance process may detonate mines and unexploded ordnance due to improper clearance techniques, posing a danger to the clearance workers' lives. This impact is considered medium to high, but can be mitigated because the clearing unit is a military unit, with full functionality, technical equipment, qualifications and experience.

Figure 7: Illustrative photographs for clearance of UXO

Thus, mine clearance is important to avoid possible threats to the surrounding infrastructure and to the safety of the people and construction workers. For the subproject, mines should be carefully reviewed and cleared before starting construction activities. The impacts of residual explosives will cause significant negative impacts if not having mitigation measures, causing high risks to the health, life and infrastructure. Mine clearance must be completed before starting construction works.

4.4. IMPACTS AND RISKS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Types of activities to be performed during the construction of works items of subproject include:

- Leveling, erection of worker camps and construction office;- Operation of machines and workers;- Transportation and gathering of raw materials and fuels for construction;- Excavation, creating foundations for roads, traffic bridges, underground tunnels,

drainage culverts;- Construction activities of works; - Drilling of bored piles to build piers and bridge abutments of Ban Hom 1 and Ban

Sang (across Ban Hom and Nam La streams) and underground tunnels.- Backfilling, restoration of site at the temporarily acquired area and dumping site; - Construction of subgrade layer and and asphalt paving for roads;- Transportation of materials to landfills.- Construction of the drainage system across and along the bypass.

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La province4.4.1. General impacts during the construction phase

4.4.1.1. Impacts on air quality

1. Dust and air pollutants

a) Dust from earthwork

The process of excavation, backfilling is considered to be the most substantial source of dust during the construction phase, especially the traffic works. However, earthwork and leveling were carried out by the successive construction method and leveling activities were concentrated within 6 months. According to the feasibility study report of the subproject, the total volume of earthwork and leveling on the route is shown in the Table 35 below:

Table 35: Earthwork volume of works items

No. Works items Total volume of excavated soil and rock (m3)

Exchange coefficient (m3)

Exchange to ton

1.

Son La city bypass (Excavation, creating foundations for roads, traffic bridges, underground tunnels, drainage culverts)

286,345 1.45 415,200


The level of dust dispersion during leveling depends on the volume of excavation and backfilling. The amount of diffused dust is calculated based on the pollution coefficient and the volume of excavated and filled soil. According to the World Health Organization guidelines, the pollution coefficient E is calculated using the following formula:

(CT1)

In which:

- E – Pollution coefficient (kg/ton).

- k - Particle structure, with mean values 0.35 (with dust size <10µm in diameter).

- u - Average wind speed in the subproject area (12.6 m/s).

- M - Average moisture of the material (for dust, soil is 14%).

From the condition of average grain structure, average wind speed, moisture content of excavating and leveling materials, etc., the pollution coefficient E = 0,0003551 (kg / ton) has been determined.

To determine the concentration of pollutants in the subproject area, It has made a quick calculation of concentration by the box model according to the formula below:

(Source: Pham Ngoc Ho, Dong Kim Loan, Trinh Thi Thanh, Basic textbook of air environment, Vietnam Education Publishing House, 2009)

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceIn which:

- C: Average concentration of generated dust in 1 hour (mg/m3);

- Es: The amount of pollutant emissions per unit area.

- Es = M/(LxW) (mg/m2.s);- M: Exhaust gas load (mg/s)- U: The wind speed is blowing perpendicular to one edge of the airbox (m/s).- H: Mixing height;

- L. W: Length into the width of the air box (m).

Table 36: Dust concentration generated from earthwork activities of the subproject

No. Works Total dust (kg)

Construction

duration (day)

Load (kg/day)

Coefficient of surface

dust emission

(g/m2/day)

Medium concentration/1h (mg/m3)

QCVN 05:2013/ BTNMT (mg/m3)

1

Son La city bypass (Excavation, creating foundations for roads, traffic bridges, underground tunnels, drainage culverts)

147 180 0.82 0.00362 0.05 0,30

Remarks:

- Total dust (kg) = E x total amount of excavated and leveled soil and rock

- Load quantity (kg / day) = Total dust load (kg) / Construction time (day).

- Coefficient of surface dust emission = Load (kg / day) / Site area (m2).

- Average concentration per 1 hour (mg/m3) = Load amount (kg/day) / 24h / expected impact volume (m3). In which, impact volume is estimated by impact area that can be affected up to a height of 3.0m).

Calculation results from the experimental formula show that the average dust concentration of 1 hour at the construction sites of work items is within the allowable limits of QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT (average 1 hour). However, the results are averaged over the entire length of the route, so the local earthwork and the arising dust concentrations may exceed the permitted limit many times.

Subjects affected by dust are mainly: (i) households at the intersection at the beginning of the route, at the end of the route and at the intersection of NH4G; (ii) Construction workers at the construction site. Dust from excavation process, if not applied mitigation measures, will affect daily activities of people and potentially affect public health: eye and lung diseases due to the concentration of dust in the air higher than normal.

However, the impact of dust from excavation and leveling process is assessed at MEDIUM level due to:

- Construction time at each location is not long (about 6 months), moreover, the construction area has open space and many surrounding trees.

- Excavation activities mostly take place in low-lying areas, mountainous areas with stratification and people live more than 100m away from the construction site. For the section with a high concentration of people (the beginning of the route coincides with

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the old NH6, the end of the route, the intersection with NH4G), the excavation and embankment takes place on a small scale and on the existing foundation.

- The level of dust dispersion: locally at the excavation and embankment, not widely dispersed due to the large grain size and many trees around the construction site. The dust dispersion concentration decreases very quickly by distance.

- The mitigation measures will be mentioned in the next chapters to minimize the impact of dust on the surrounding air environment as well as local people near the subproject area.

b) Dust and emissions due to the operation of construction equipment

During the construction of the subproject, equipment, machines, rollers, trucks, compaction... will generate emissions (CO, NO2, SO2) from burning fuel while operating the equipment. To calculate emissions, the report is based on document of Natz Transport, Shun Dar Lin, 2005. The emission coefficients of the exhaust gases are presented in the table below.

Table 37: Coefficient of emission of exhaust gases

Coefficient of oil used (kg / ton of soil, rock, raw materials)

Emission coefficient (kg/ton of oil)

SO2 NO2 CO

0.1 2.8 12.3 0.05

Source: Natz Transport and Shun Dar Lin 2005

Based on the subproject's feasibility study report, the volume of main materials and fuels serving the subproject's activities is as follows:

Table 38: Volume of main materials and fuels of the subproject

No. Main fuels, raw materials Agency Volume (m3) Converted volume (tons)

1 Total excavated soil m3 286345.67 415,201

2 Types of stones m3 190180.69 275,762

3 Different types of sand: m3 41718.35 60,492

4 Cement Ton 17094.31 17,094

5 Iron and Steel Ton 2848.27 2,848

6 Concrete of all kinds m3 39184.48 56,818

Total 828,215

Note: Conversion factor is 1 m3 = 1.45 tons

The amount of emissions generated during the operation of equipment and machinery on site is estimated in the Table 39 below:

Table 39: Estimated emissions generated from construction equipment

No. Construction works

Total volume of earthwork,

leveling (tons)

Fuel to be used (tons of oil)

Average concentration (mg / m3)

SO2 NO2 CO

1 Bypass route of Son La city 828,215 82.82 0.07902 0.34713 0.00141

QCVN 19: 2009 / BTNMT (with Kp = 1 and Kv = 1,2) 600 1020 1200

In general, the concentration of emissions generated by construction equipment and machinery on the site is not high, both within the permissible limits of QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT. The main affected objects are construction workers on the construction site

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceand adjacent residential areas such as: residential areas near the beginning of route, ending of route, intersection with NH4G... These impacts are locally at the construction site with radius of about 50-100m from the source. However, the direct impact will last mainly about 8-10 hours a day during construction activities so it is assessed to be LOW and can be mitigated through ESCOPs.

c) Dust and emissions from transportation of materials and disposals

The process of transporting raw materials, fuel and materials from the areas supplying the construction sites through the roads NH6, NH4G, Hoang Van Thu street, Le Quy Don street, Hung Vuong street, Nguyen Van Linh street, Chieng Co street and other inter-commune concrete road. The subproject's surplus soil and rock transportation route mainly goes through NH4G road area. The quality of the roads is guaranteed for the transportation of raw materials and waste disposal with 10-ton truck load. The process of transporting materials and discharging waste arises dust and exhaust from the transportation means (mainly emissions from engines include CO, SO2, NO2). Dust and emissions will directly affect transportation workers and residents living along transportation routes. Impacts due to material transportation and disposal activities include:

- Dust and emissions generated will obstruct the view, affecting the health of workers, road users and residents living along the transportation and disposal routes

- The transport process may cause traffic congestion, traffic safety, affecting people's transportation activities.

- Affect business and trading activities of people along the transportation and disposal routes.

- Materials are not covered, spilled during transportation, causing loss of urban beauty, affecting environmental sanitation conditions along the transport route.

The level of impacts of generated dust and emissions depends on many factors such as transportation distance, engine type, engine capacity, type and amount of fuel used, air operation, and road quality. In order to estimate the amount of dust and emissions generated, this report uses the "Environmental Pollution Factor" method of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) which are applied for diesel vehicles of 10 tons capacity on urban roads as follows: (i) Dust 0.9 (g/km); (ii) SO2 4.29S (g/km, with S = 0.05% -% sulfur content in the fuel; (iii) CO 6.0 (g/km); (iv) NOx 1.18 (g/km).

From the generated dust load and emissions, the SUTTON model is used to determine the average concentration of pollutants at any time with the linear waste source as follows:

C = u

hzhzE

z

zz

2

2

2

2

2)(exp

2)(exp8,0

(CT2)

Where:

- C – Concentration of pollutants in the air (mg/m3)

- E - Load of pollutants from the source (mg/ms)

- z – Height of the calculated area (m)- h – Height of road surface from its surrounding round level (m)- u – Average wind speed in the area (m/s)

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceThe vertical diffusion coefficient of pollutant (z) with atmospheric stability in the study area is categorized as B which is determined by the following calculation formula:

z = 0.53 x 250.73 (m)

In which: x is the distance from the calculation point to the waste source in the wind direction, the calculation method is to divide the coordinates of points in the horizontal axis (x) and the vertical axis (z). For the subproject area the average wind speed is 12.6 m/s. The level of stability of the atmosphere is type B.

Diffusion coefficient z depends on the atmosphere diffusion. The value of z by vertical wind is calculated by Slade with atmospheric stability of type B and the distance x = 25m from the center of the calculated road to the sides.

According to the feasibility study report, total amount of raw materials (soil, sand, cement, iron, steel...) to be transported is shown in the Table below.

Table 40: Total amount of materials to be transported

No. Main fuels, raw materials Agency Volume (m3) Converted volume (tons)

1 Total soil and rock waste m3 80812.00 117,177

2 Types of stones m3 190180.69 275,762

3 Different types of sand: m3 41718.35 60,492

4 Cement Ton 17094.31 17,094

5 Iron and Steel Ton 2848.27 2,848

6 Concrete of all kinds m3 39184.48 56,818

Total 530,191

Table 41: The volume of materials transported and the number of trips of the vehicle

No. Contents Volume (ton)

Total number of transported vehicles (trip)

Construction time (days)

Number of vehicles transported in a day (including departure and

return)

Average transport distance

(km)

1.Transportation of raw materials, fuel and materials to the site

413,013 41,301 540 114 21

2. Transporting soil and rock waste to disposal area

117,177 11,718 180 98 5

Table 42: Concentration of pollutants during transportation of materials

No Work itemDust

(mg/m3)CO

(mg/m3)NO2

(mg/m3)SO2

(mg/m3)

1. Transportation of raw materials, fuel and materials to the site 0.230 0.740 0.368 0.053

2. Transportation of waste soil and rock to disposal area 0.047 0.150 0.074 0.011

QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT 0.3 30 0.2 0.35

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceAccording to the calculation results in the mentionedTable 42, the concentrations of dust and emissions generated from transportation of construction materials are all lower than the permissible limits of QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT for 1 hour. However, the dust and emissions caused by transportation can be combined with the dust and emissions of daily vehicles, along with hot weather, which can affect health and daily activities of people living along intersection areas of the roads with river/stream or with national highways, NH6, NH4G, Hoang Van Thu, Nguyen Van Linh, Hung Vuong, Le Quy Don and inter-communal roads (the distance from the road to the people's house ranges from 5 to 50m). These impacts occur during the construction process and will gradually decrease until the operation of the works. This impact is concentrated within 8-10 hours/day.

d) Dust generation by mixing of construction materials

During the construction process, mixing sand, cement, concreting, etc. also causes dust pollution in the construction site and adjacent residential areas (especially on sunny and hot days). From the monitoring results obtained at some locations about 50-100m from the construction site, at the end of the prevailing wind, the concentration of dust in the ambient air is at 20-30 mg/m3, 60-100 times higher than the permissible limit in the QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT. Meanwhile, the material gathering site is not located in residential areas (distance to the nearest residential area is about 100m, except intersections with NH6, NH4G and Hoang Van Thu road, and the construction site is wide so this impact will mainly affect workers. For the intersections, the distance to the private houses is from 20 to 30m, so the dust during mixing of materials can also affect people nearby the construction site. However, this direct impact is assessed at a low because it is only happened at the site and takes place about 10 hours intermittenly during day-time construction process. This impact can be mitigated by appropriate measures.

Figure 8: Residential area near intersections of NH 4G and NH6

2. Noise

During the construction phase of the subproject, noise generated mainly from the following sources:

- Transportation of construction materials, solid waste;

- Construction of road foundation (rolling), bridges, culverts, people's underground tunnels, drainage ditches;

- Operation of construction equipment at the construction site.

The noise will mainly affect construction workers, people living nearby the subproject area and along the transportation route. High noise level will cause health effects such as insomnia, fatigue, uncomfortable mood. It can also affect workers’s performance on the construction site, making them less mentally focused and easily leading to occupational accidents.

According to QCVN 26: 2010/BTNMT, the maximum permissible noise level is 70dBA in the production area and the lowest noise level is 45dBA in health centers, libraries, nursing

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provincehomes, schools from 21h to 6am. For residential areas, the maximum permitted noise level must not exceed 70dBA.

In addition to the source of dust and emission gases from earthworks and vehicles, the operation of construction machinery and equipment such as bulldozers, compactors, drilling machines, concrete mixers, excavators, trucks ... also cause noise pollution and great vibration. Forecast on noise level generated by some main construction machines and equipment is shown in the Table 43 below.

Table 43: Noise generated from construction machinery and equipment

No Name of machine/equipment Noise (dBA) at a distance of 1.5m from the source

1 Bulldozer 93

2 Roller 72 – 74

3 Excavator 72 – 84

4 Bucket excavator 72 – 93

5 Grader 80 – 93

6 Concrete mixer 75 – 88

7 Concrete pump 80 – 83

8 Concrete compactor 85

9 Generator 72 – 83

10 Truck 72 – 83

11 Welder 75-80

12 Drilling machine 80-84

(Source: US Environmental Protection Committee - Noise from construction equipment and construction machinery NJID, 300.1, 31/12/1971)

However, the noise level will decrease by distance and is determined by the formula

Lp=Lp(Xo) + 20log10(Xo/X)

Where:

- Lp(Xo): noise level at a distance of 1.5m from the source (dBA);- Xo = 1.5m;- Lp(X): noise level at the calculated position (dBA);- X: calculated position (m).

Maximum noise level by distance due to operation of construction equipment is shown in the following Table 44:

Table 44: Maximum noise level by distance

No Name of machine/equipment

Noise level distanced 1.5m from the source

(dBA)

Noise level distanced 15m from the source

(dBA)


(dBA)


(dBA)

Noise level distanced

100m from the source

(dBA)



(dBA)

Min Max Min Max Min Ma

x Min Max Min Max

1 Bulldozer 93 73.0 67.0 62.5 56.5 50.5

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No Name of machine/equipment

Noise level distanced 1.5m from the source

(dBA)


(dBA)


(dBA)


(dBA)



(dBA)



(dBA)

Min Max Min Max Min Ma

x Min Max Min Max

2 Roller 72-74 52.0 54.0 46.0 48.0 41.5 43.5 35.5 37.5 29.5 31.5

3 Excavator 72-84 52.0 64.0 46.0 58.0 41.5 53.5 35.5 47.5 29.5 41.5

4 Bucket excavator 72-93 52.0 73.0 46.0 67.0 41.5 62.5 35.5 56.5 29.5 50.5

5 Grader 80-93 60.0 73.0 54.0 67.0 49.5 62.5 43.5 56.5 37.5 50.5

6 Concrete mixer 75-88 55.0 68.0 49.0 62.0 44.5 57.5 38.5 51.5 32.5 45.5

7 Concrete pump 80-83 60.0 63.0 54.0 57.0 49.5 52.5 43.5 46.5 37.5 40.5

8 Concrete compactor 85 65.0 59.0 54.5 48.5 42.5

9 Generator 72-83 52.0 62.5 46.0 56.5 41.5 52.0 35.5 46.0 29.5 40.0

10 Truck 72-83 52.0 62.5 46.0 56.5 41.5 52.0 35.5 46.0 29.5 40.0

11 Welder 75-80 55.0 60.0 49.0 54.0 44.5 49.5 38.5 43.5 32.5 37.5

12 Drilling machine 80-84 60.0 64.0 54.0 58.0 49.5 53.5 43.5 47.5 37.5 41.5

QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (6-21h) 70 dBA

According to the calculation results in Table 44, the noise level at a distance of 30m from the construction vehicles and equipment is within the permissible limits (<70dB). The noise is decreased by distance from the construction site. Among the above noise sources, the most noticeable is the noise of trucks transporting construction materials through residential areas.

Households live along both sides of the transportation routes (about 20m distanced) or live far from the construction site (> 50m). Therefore, the noise will mainly affect workers participating in the construction and a small part of people living at the beginning of the road coincides with the old NH6, the end of the intersection with NH6 at the Son La pass area, the intersection with NH4G.

However, according to the calculation results, the noise level at the construction sites is LOW, generating in a short time and scattering over 14 wards under the subproject. Construction machinery and equipment will not work simultaneously but in shifts and phases depending on the progress and construction volume of items, of which each type of machine will be used differently, so the resonance impact is very low. Moreover, all vehicles and equipment will be checked periodically and noise will cease when construction is completed. Noise can be minimized by measures such as labor protection equipment and noise protection devices.

3. Vibration

Vibration can be generated mainly from equipment operating with large capacity and often on sites such as bulldozers, excavators, compactor, roller, etc. from activities of leveling, pile driving during construction of bridge abutment. Vibration can directly affect the workers involved in operating the machines, the people living nearby and the infrastructure around the construction site. Vibration will affect people's daily life, business activities and other structures and even cause the cracks of houses. When the intensity is small and the impact is short, this vibration has a good effect like increasing muscle strength, reducing fatigue. When the intensity is high and the effect is long, it can cause discomfort to the body. Vibration combined with noise makes the hearing organ too tired, affecting human health.

Typical vibration levels of some construction equipment are shown in the Table 45 below.

Table 45: Vibration of some typical construction machinery and equipment

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No Type of construction machinery and equipment Reference vibration (by vertical direction, dB)

1 Excavator 80

2 Bulldozer 79

3 Heavy transport vehicle 74

4 Roller 82

5 Compactor 81

Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Committee Vibration from construction equipment and construction machinery, NJID, 300.1, 31 – 12 – 197

To forecast the amount of vibration decreasing by distance, following formula is used:

L = Lo – 10lg (r/ro) – 8.7a (r – ro) (dB)

Where:

- L is vibration in dB at a distance "r" meters away from the source;

- Lo is vibration in dB measured at a distance "ro" meters from the source. Vibration at a distance of ro = 10 m is generally acknowledged as source vibration.

- a is the intrinsic vibration reduction coefficient on clay ground of about 0.5.

Forecasting results are presented in following Table 46.

Table 46: Vibration decrease by distance

No Equipment

Source vibration (r0=10m)

Vibration at distance

r=12m r=14m r=16m r=18m

Laeq

(dB)Lveq

(mm/s)Laeq

(dB)Lveq

(mm/s)Laeq

(dB)Lveq

(mm/s)Laeq

(dB)Lveq

(mm/s)Laeq

(dB)Lveq

(mm/s)

1 Excavator 80 1.72 70.5 0.58 61.1 0.20 51.9 0.07 42.6 0.02

2 Bulldozer 79 1.53 69.5 0.51 60.1 0.17 50.9 0.06 41.6 0.02

3

Heavy transport vehicle 74 0.86 64.5 0.29 55.1 0.10 45.9 0.03 36.6 0.01

4 Roller 82 2.17 72.5 0.73 63.1 0.25 53.9 0.08 44.6 0.03

5 Compactor 81 1.93 71.5 0.65 62.1 0.22 52.9 0.08 43.6 0.03

QCVN27:2010/BTNMT, permissible limit 75dB from 6 21h and baseline level from 21h6h.

DIN 4150, 1970 (German), 2mm/s: No impact; 5mm/s: flaking; 10mm/s: potential impact on structural bearing component; 20 40mm/s: affecting structural bearing component;

According to the calculation results in Table 44, the vibration caused by construction machinery and equipment at a distance of 12m is within the permissible limits of QCVN 27: 2010/BTNMT (<75dB) and will decrease by distance from the source. This vibration impact will mainly affect construction workers at the site. However, vibration impact should be considered at:

- The begining section of the route coinciding with the old NH6 (with L = 380m) where there is a high density of population.

- At the end of the Son La bypass road intersecting with NH6, where there is a large concentration of people in Chieng Co commune.

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- The bypass near the residential area of Chieng Sinh commune.

- The intersection with QL4G where there are business and trading activities of the people.

Construction sites for bridges, culverts and underground tunnels at least 200m away from residential areas

Therefore, the direct impact due to vibration is assessed to be LOW because the equipment will only operate intermittenly and the impact only happen at the construction site where workers can work if shifts and can be protected by labor protective equipment. Vibration impact can be minimized through the application of appropriate construction methods and construction plans.

4.4.1.2. Impact on water quality

1. Domestic wastewater generated from workers’ camp

At the construction site, there are about 100 workers involved in the construction: 10 people for the route coinciding with the old NH6, 20 people for the new section near the residential area of Chieng Sinh commune and 70 people for the new section passing through hilly land and people's production land. With the water use norm of 45 liters / person / day (According to TCXDVN 33-2006), the amount of wastewater is 100% of the standard of water use (the construction process, 2 shifts - 8 hours / day). The total amount of domestic wastewater used and discharged during the construction phase is presented in the following table:

Table 47: Amount of domestic wastewater generated in the construction phase

Works items Number of workers

Norm (litre)

Amount of wastewater (m3)

Each day Each month

The section coinciding with the old NH6 section 10 45 x 2 0.9 27.0

The new route area near the residential area of Chieng Sinh commune 20 45 x 2 1.8 54.0

The new section goes through the hilly land and people's production land 70 45 x 2 6.3 189.0

Domestic wastewater from construction workers is the main cause affecting the water quality in the surrounding area of not being treated. Domestic wastewater contains many residues, easily degradable organic matter, nutrients and pathogenic bacteria, which can pollute surface and ground water sources if there is not prompt treatment. The water bodies adjacent to the construction area may be affected by domestic wastewater such as: Ban Hom stream, Nam La stream and Bong Bung stream. At the same time, if domestic wastewater is not collected, there is a potential risk of epidemics (gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin diseases) affecting workers and nearby people.

- The route coincides with the old NH6 route: Wastewater will affect the local landscape, cause pollution due to disintegrating waste, leachate causes unsanitary in the area, affects people's health.

- The area of the new route is near the residential area of Chieng Sinh commune: Impacts on surface water sources at Bong Bung stream and on environmental sanitation conditions, risks of disease outbreaks near residential areas.

- The new section of the route goes through hilly land and people's production: mainly wastewater affects the surrounding landscape and environment and water bodies such as Nam La stream and Ban Hom stream. Residents live far away from the construction site,

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so they are not affected by domestic wastewater.

Based on the amount of pollutants presented in the Report on the current status of urban wastewater - Institute of Environmental Science and Technology - Hanoi University of Science and Technology in 2006, the amount of pollutants daily discharged by each person into the environment is given in the following Table 50:

Table 48: Volume of pollutants generated by each person per day

No Pollutants Volume (g/person/day)

1 BOD5 45 - 54

2 Total suspended solids 70 - 145

3 Oil, grease 10 - 30

4 NO3- (by N) 6 - 12

5 PO43- (by P) 0,8 - 4,0

6 Coliform 106- 109 MPN/100ml

Source: Report on the current status of urban wastewater - Institute of Environmental Science and Technology - HUT, 2006

Concentration of pollutants in untreated domestic wastewater is calculated by following formula:

M=mV (CT3)

Where:

- M: Concentration of calculated pollutant

- m: Pollutant load (kg/day).

- V: Total generated wastewater (m3/day)

Calculation results are presented in following Table 49.

Table 49: Concentration of pollutants in untreated domestic wastewater

No Pollutant Concentration of pollutants in untreated domestic wastewater (mg/l)

QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (column B)

1 BOD5 582 50

2 TSS 1265 100

3 Oil, grease 235 20

4 NO3- (by N) 106 50

5 PO43- (by P) 28 10

6 Coliform 100x106 - 60x109 MPN/100ml 5000 MPN/100ml

The calculation results in the above table show that, concentrations of pollutants in the untreated domestic wastewater are much higher than permissible limits in the QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT (column B). Wastewater of this type usually contains total suspended solids (TSS), organic substances (BOD5, COD), nitrogen and phosphorus-containing substances as well as microorganisms that need to be controlled and treated before being discharged. This is a significant source of pollution which without proper treatment can directly affect the living environment of workers and people around the subproject area, causing epidemics and directly affecting the groundwater and surface water. Surface water areas prone to this risk

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceare: Nam stream, Ban Hom stream, Bung Bong stream.

However, the direct impact due to domestic wastewater is considered to be LOW because: (i) the volume of domestic wastewater generated at each camp is not large (about 0.9-6.3 m3/day), and the Contractor also employs local labor or rent houses so the amount of wastewater generated is lower than the calculation; (ii) the impact is localized, only in each worker camp area; (iii) The amount of wastewater is generated intermittently during the day; (iv) Construction period is short. The impacts due to domestic wastewater can be minimized by applying appropriate management and technical measures.

2. Construction wastewater

Construction wastewater is generated mainly: (i) concrete mixing for construction of roads and bridges, culvert and underground tunnel; (ii) washing materials and construction equipment.

- Concrete mixing at the construction site uses 02 concrete mixers with a corresponding capacity of about 60m3/h. According to the document, Special Concrete and Concrete Technology of Pham Duy Huu, Construction Publishing House 2009, the amount of water to be used in the concrete mixing process for a batch of concrete with a capacity of 60m3, will be 19,38m3 water for washing aggregate and 10.8m3 water for concrete mixing. Of which, 80% of the water to wash the aggregate will be recycled and reused. Thus, the wastewater of the concrete mixing process with a capacity of 60m3/h generated is 20% x 19.38 x 2 = 3.88 (m3/h).

- Demand for concrete supply of both two mixers a day is about 280 m3, so the total amount of wastewater generated from concrete mixing 1 day is 15.5 (m3/day).

- The amount of wastewater used to wash construction equipment is estimated at 0.5 m3/day.

Thus, the maximum amount of wastewater of subproject per day is 16.0 m3/day. Construction wastewater usually contains high content of pH (usually pH>12), high content of total suspended solids and no hazardous substances. If this construction wastewater is not treated, it will cause sedimentation, affecting the receiving water bodies (Nam La stream, Ban Hom, Bong Bung). In fact, this wastewater will be reused to moisten materials or watering the excavated areas on the site. At the same time, the amount of wastewater generated at each site is small, the construction period is short (about 3-6 months), the impact is considered partially at the construction site. Moreover, the frequency of wastewater generated from concrete mixing takes place intermittently. Therefore, the direct impacts caused by construction wastewater are assessed as low and can be mitigate.

3. Rainwater runoff

Rainwater is considered to be clean water if it is not in contact with polluted sources such as: polluted wastewater, gas, waste scaterring on the road. The main sensitive receptors of this impact are the water bodies in catchment areas of the rainwater runoffs from the construction site. Pollutants in the rainwater runoff during the construction phase are mainly soil, rock, oil, grease and domestic waste that are swept away by rainwater and become a source of pollution to the surface water, soil and groundwater. The amount of rain water runoff on the subproject area is determined by the following formula:

W = ψ x q x F/1000 (m3/day)

In which:

- W: Rainwater runoff, m3;

- Ψ: Surface flow coefficient, ψ = 0.2 – 0.95, select ψ = 0.2 (Due to the large amount of

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trees, canals and land in the subproject area);

- q: maximum rainfall/day in the calculation area, 100mm;

- F: Calculated area (m2).

The calculation results of rainwater in the subproject's areas are shown in the Table 52 below:

Table 50: Rainwater in the subproject's areas

No. Construction work items

Calculated precipitation (mm)

Flow coefficient Area (m2) Amount of

rainwater (m3)

1 The section coincides with the old NH6 100 0.2 380 x 12 91.20

2 The new route area near the residential area of Chieng Sinh commune

100 0.2 1926 x 12 462.24

3 The new section passing through the hilly land and people's production land

100 0.2 16564 x 9 2981.52

The amount of rainfall at the route coinciding with the old NH6: although the volume is small, this is a high density of population and production activities of the people. Therefore, the Bong Bung stream near the route section may be polluted by rainwater bringing waste into the surface. In the other two areas, although rainwater overflows a lot, it is in hilly and mountainous areas, so the rainwater is not affected by local people's activities.

According to the WHO’s research, the concentration of pollutants in normal rainwater runoff is about 0.5 - 1.5 mg N/l; 0.004 -0.03 mg P/l; 10 - 20 mg COD/l and 10 - 20 mg TSS/l. The receiving sources of rainwater runoff are Nam La stream, Ban Hom, Bong Bung. Rainwater runoff from the construction site can sweep away loose materials and soil, minerals on the surface, leaking grease... increasing the content of suspended solids, substances, organic matter, increasing turbidity, oil and grease in water, adversely affecting aquatic ecosystems of water sources. Without drains, rainwater runoff can affect construction items such as damaging or destroying works in progress, etc. This impact is mainly on rainy season from September to December. However, this direct impact is assessed to be low because:

- The construction site is regularly cleaned by the workers, thus limiting material and loose soil and stones being swept away by rainwater runoff.

- At each construction site, there is a rainwater drainage system.

- Construction activities take place mainly in the dry season and short-term.

The impacts due to rainwater runoff can be minimized by appropriate technical and managerial measures, and no indirect advesre impact is anticipated

4.4.1.3. Impacts due to solid waste generation

1. Construction solid waste

Solid waste can be generated during construction from: earthwork, leveling; transportation of excess raw materials and solid waste; construction activities; maintenance of construction vehicles, equipment... Solid wastes include: excavated and spilled soil, rock and sand. In addition, there can be iron debris and steel scrap; cement bags; wood debris, broken bricks...

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Table 51: Volume of solid waste generated from construction phase

No. Works items Volumn (ton)

Volume Low loss level (0.005%)

High loss level (0.01%)

1. Materials transported to the site 413,013 (ton) 2,065 4,130

2. Excess excavated soil and rock are transported to the disposal sites 80,812 (m3)

Note: The level of loss of raw materials in accordance with the norms of construction materials is attached to Official Letter No. 1784/BXD-VP of August 16, 2007 and Official Letter 1776/BXD-VP

dated August 16, 2007by MOC

These wastes, if not well controlled, can hinder construction work and increase the amount of dust in air and around the construction site area, affecting workers and nearby people. Residential areas prone at this risk are: the intersections at the beginning and ending of route with NH6, NH4G...

In addition, after the construction process, some types of solid waste such as rubble, scrap steel, cement bags, etc can also be generated. However, this is reusable solid waste and can be salvaged for reuse or sold to units in need so there is low risk of discharging these types of solid wastes into the environment.

This direct impact is assessed at a low because: (i) The volume of waste generated is not large and only at the construction site; (ii) Construction period is short; (iii) solid waste will be collected and transported daily to two disposal sites of the subproject. At the same time, this impact can be mitigated through the measures set out in ESCOPs.

2. Domestic solid waste

Solid wastes are generated from daily activities of construction workers in the camps. The main components of domestic solid waste include decomposable organic substances and persistent inorganic substances such as nylon bags, bottles, old personal items. The average amount of domestic solid waste is about 0.5 kg/person/day (Vietnam National Environment Report 2011 - Solid waste), with the number of 100 workers concentrating in the subproject area, daily life solid waste is estimated to generate about 50kg, with construction time of about 24 months, total amount of domestic solid waste is estimated at 36 tons. If domestic solid waste is not properly collected and treated,

- It can obstruct the flow during the construction, facilitating flood and congestion (at construction locations of bridge, Ban Sang, Ban Hom 1, Bong Bung stream or at nearby water areas)

- It can obstruct traffic when transporting construction materials to the construction site and construction activities of workers

- Domestic solid waste containing organic ingredients, containing pathogens, so if there is no proper plan for collection, transportation and treatment, it can create great risks to the water and air environment and can directly affect the health of people and construction workers.

However, the direct impact of domestic waste is considered as "low" and can be mitigated because: (i) The amount of waste generated on each site is low and is collected daily by workers; (ii) the impact is localized at construction sites; (iii) the contractor will employ local labor to limit the amount of domestic waste generated; (iv) worker camps will be located far away from residential areas.

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3. Hazardous solid wastes

Sources of hazardous waste generated from the construction of the subproject’s items include: (i) Oil contaminated materials from the maintenance of construction machines; (ii) bags, tanks containing oil and paint; (iv) excessive welding rods; (v) Batteries, light bulbs, cartridges from office at the construction site. The volume of hazardous waste depends on the number of equipment/machinery, labor and volume of materials.

Estimated total amount of hazardous waste is presented as follows:

Table 52: Estimated total amount of hazardous waste generated

No. Name of waste Code of hazardous waste Estimated generation

1 Oil-stained mops and oil cans 180201 15÷30 kg/month

2 Waste grease 170204 233,3 ÷ 350 litre/month

3 Asphalt 110302 10 kg/month

4 Waste paint and paint cans, organic solvents and hazardous ingredients 080101 10÷30 kg/month

5 Wastes from welding rods 070401 12÷15 kg/month

6 Hazardous waste generated 160112 3 kg/month

- If the maintenance of means, vehicles, construction machines is carried out at the construction site, it will generate oil, oil bottles and oil contaminated rags, etc. (estimated at 15-30kg/month). If not collected and treated, it will affect the landscape, polluting the surface and underground water in the subproject area. Therefore, take measures should be taken to collect and treat hazardous waste (Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT and Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP on waste management) and to minimize negative impact on local environment. Besides, all equipment and construction must be repaired in the repairing center.

- Asphalt is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form. As a petrochemical product, the main component of asphalt is bitumen, so it can be dangerous or adversely affect the environment and people health unless being stored and used properly in accordance with technical specifications. In particular, at high temperatures, the stored asphalt can pose the risk of fire, explosion or burns during transportation and use. The discarded asphalt must be collected and stored in specialized bins which contain hazardous wastes, after which will be transported and treated in accordance to hazardous waste management regulations by a specialized units hired by the subproject Owner. Estimated amount of asphalt disposal is about 10kg/month.

- The volume of bags, tanks containing asphalt, tanks containing oil, fuel and paint are not large (about 10 - 30kg/month). However, unless being collected, it will cause a loss of beauty landscape and a potential risk of soil and water pollution.

- Wastes from welding rods which are used form steel frames are generated at the construction site. It is estimated that the percentage of excessive part of welding rods is equal to 5-7% of the weight of welding rods. The estimated amount of welding rods is 5-7% x 6.225kg = 311-436 kg. However, the weld rods are discontinuously and not much.

- Hazardous waste generated, with a small volume, from office activities with about 1-3kg/month.

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceHazardous waste, if not collected, will cause impacts:

- Penetration of oil and grease into the water will directly affects aquatic species in rivers/streams within the subproject area (Ban Hom, Nam La, Bong Bung and nearby water areas), that curb the growth, or even cause death of aquatic plants and animals.

- The heavy metal elements will therefore penetrate into the food and badly affect people health.

However, the volume of hazardous waste generated on each site is small, localized and only occurs during the construction phase. Hazardous waste will be collected, managed and disposed in accordance with the regulations on hazardous waste collection and management. This direct impact is assessed to be LOW and can be mitigated through appropriate management and treatment measures.

4.4.1.4. Interruption of traffic activities

The construction of the subproject and works on the route will affect road traffic in the subproject area, especially at intersections. There are 6 existing intersections and 01 intersection of different level:

- Intersection at the begining of the route: intersection with NH6 at Km289 + 950.

- Intersection with the old NH6: the bypass to the old NH6 at Km290 + 330.

- Intersection with NH4G: The intersection with NH4G at Km292 + 172.47.

- Intersection with Nguyen Van Linh road: The intersection with Nguyen Van Linh road at Km302 + 190.

- Intersection with Chieng Co road: The intersection with the road to Chieng Co commune at Km306 + 930.

- Intersection at the end of route: The intersection at the end of the route joining the local bypass of Son La pass at Km308 + 820.

- In addition, the route also intersects Hoang Van Thu road at the intersection of underground tunnel at Km298 + 769.

The construction of each intersection will take about 3-6 months. The concentration of workers, excavation, gathering of materials and construction activities can disrupt or obstruct traffic activities and affect: (i) regional and neighboring trade; (ii) daily activities of the people in the nearby area; (iii) access to surrounding infrastructure activities. This impact is assessed at a small level, because: (i) Local impacts at each construction site, and for each intersection location, temporary bridges and roads will be arranged; (ii) short construction time (3-6 months) and application of successive construction method to reduce traffic congestion; (iii) Population is not much density at intersections; (iv) relatively large construction sites of intersections. The impact will end as soon as the construction of intersections is completed. Ban Hom 1 and Ban Sang bridges are built as the desire of the local people. Local people support the subproject, therefore, the direct impacts are considered as SMALL and can be mitigated through traffic management measures during the construction.

4.4.1.5. Change in landscape and land use purpose

Construction of Son La city bypass will lead to a change in the purpose of land use at construction site and nearby areas along the route (i.e. the agricultural land and forestry land are occupied to be construction sites in the construction phase). These changes in land use purpose will affect the livelihoods of households owning agricultural land and affect the accommodation of people living near the intersections. Impacts related to livelihoods and

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceresettlement will be mitigated in the RAP. The impacts on land use purpose are direct, permanent and long-term. However, this impact is assessed to be "Medium" because: (i) it will happen locally only at the construction sites; (ii) the construction of work items will increase value of land in the surrounding areas.

When the construction works are under construction, the earthwork and transportation of materials, gathering of bulky construction material, heaps of excavated and backfilled material, gathering of construction machinery and construction waste will cause negative impacts on the landscape of the area (urban landscape at the intersection of the beginning of route, intersection at NH4G and intersection at the end of route). However, the ecological landscape change impact is assessed to be small because: (i) it is applied successive construction method and construction time is short (about 3-6 months); (ii) The gathering of raw materials and machines will be neatly and carefully covered; (iii) Surplus waste will be collected daily and transported to the subproject landfill. The environmental landscape of the construction sites will quickly be restored when construction activities are completed. Mitigation measures will be implemented in accordance with ESCOP to limit negative impacts from this activity.

4.4.1.6. Impacts on biodiversity

Construction of bridge abutment and culvert may cause drops of soils and stones into the water bodies, leading to the increase in turbidity of streams and rivers, including: Ban Hom, Nam La and Bong Bung streams, affecting living environment of aquatic species and reducing the scope of foraging.

The construction of culverts and bridges on roads intersecting with streams is carried out on small streams (the width of 5-20m). The construction site are mainly shrubs, aquatic plants and animals without endemic species, mainly small shrimp and fish of low economic value. Therefore, the impact of bridges and culverts construction on biodiversity is assessed at a low level.

In addition, if the hazardous wastes from machine cleaning and maintenance or from leakage are not strictly controlled, oil slicks will seriously damage the aquatic ecosystem.

The impacts on the ecosystem and aquatic species from construction works are regarded as Low because: (i) the water related works are built in dry season; (ii) the impacts are in short time; (iii) the works are implemented scatteredly in time and space manners and localized at the construction site. Additionally, these impacts will be faded and disappeared when the works are put into operation. These impacts gradually disappear when the subproject comes into operation and it is expected that within 3 to 6 months, the ecosystem and environmental quality can be restored immediately after the completion of construction activities.

4.4.1.7. Impacts on social aspects, women and children

Social impacts

Social impacts are mainly generated from the labor influx for construction activities. About 100 workers will be gathered on the site (distributed in the three areas, at the begining of the route coinciding with the old NH6 section, the new route area near the residential area of Chieng Sinh commune and the new route section area passing through hilly land, people's production land. This impact affects people living around the subproject area and local infrastructure (mainly at the beginning of the route which coincides with the old NH6 section and the new route section near the residential area of Chieng Sinh commune). Social impacts include (but are not limited to):

- (i) Conflicts between construction workers and local communities due to differences in habits, customs, culture, lifestyle, employment and income. This impact is likely to be higher at areas of intersections of the end and beginning of the route, intersection

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with NH4G.

- (ii) Conflicts between local residents and the Contractors when wastes generated from construction activities such as dust, solid wastes, hazardous wastes, wasted rock and soil cause adverse impacts on crops, rice and vegetables, or erosion and landslides that bury trees along the road.

- (iii) Wastewater from worker camps discharged into the environment may also lead to conflicts with the local community. Besides, the conflicts can arise from workers’ use of local resources such as clean water, food and foodstuffs that cause price increase.

- (iv) Labor influx can cause social disorders and pose social problems such as gambling, drug, prostitution. In case of construction camp, it can bring workers into conflict with local people.

- (v) Use of local labor for simple jobs will pose the potentially risk of children involvement, affecting children’s education, psychology, health and development, causing conflicts with local residents.

However, the social impact is direct and assessed to be “low” as: (i) the number of workers is not large and distributed in three areas along the route. The impacts are localized within the construction areas; (ii) Local labor will prioritized to used for construction activities. At the same time measures to control the age of hired workers must be taken; (iii) The impacts are mainly occurred in the stages of construction phase and within a short period; (iv) drainage irrigation and ditches which are be newly built will be connected to the existing system before demolition; (v) the traffic density and frequency in the subproject area are low. Therefore, social impacts can be controlled by mitigation measures taken in the subproject construction phase.

Impact on local small business and households

The construction of subproject will affect some business households (they mainly sell of domestic necessities and foods such as biscuit, candy, fruits, vegetables… and other products). Households doing business are mainly concentrated in the intersection at the beginning of the route at Km289 + 950, the intersection at the end of the route Km308 + 820, the intersection with NH4G at Km292 + 172. Apart from risks related to safety, noise and dusts from construction activities and operation of machines and equipment, the households may temporarily suspend their business due to difficult access. However, the impact is considered to be low because: (i) successive construction method is applied, the interruption is localized (according to scope of households); (ii) the impacts happen in short period (about 3-6 months for each household); (iii) when the work is put into operation, their economic conditions will be promoted due to infrastructure improvement. Additionally, the impact is definitely mitigable through the DDR.

Impacts on women

The concentration of 100 workers at construction site with about 75% men and 25% women may cause social disturbance, affecting women directly work on the construction site or those living surrounding the subproject area and their families in the course of construction. For the previous similar works, unmarried women may be disadvantaged in getting married or they may become single mom. Meanwhile, married women can be affected with the happiness of their families. In addition, they may be infectious to communicable diseases, social diseases such as HIV/AIDS, syphilis, etc. (that may affect the next generation). This impact only takes place during construction of works items (24 months). However, the impacts on women are assessed as minor because: (i) According to the socio-economic survey results, no negative impacts related to women were recorded. At the construction sites: (ii) The number of women workers is not large as local workers are prioritized by the Contractor; (iii) Information about

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provincesocial diseases and prevention methods will be provided to workers through training programs and information disclosure; (iv) Regulations, penalties for the violated workers at the site must be developed; (v) The contractor must be closely work with local authorities to manage the number of workers at the construction site.

Use of child labor and forced labor

To reduce construction costs, child labors can be used for some jobs that do not require high qualifications (according to Vietnam’s regulations, child is under 15 years old). Due to limited knowledge, children can suffer from labor abuse that affects their psychology, health and ability to learn. However, the impact is assessed to be MINOR as: (i) The experience with the Bank-financed and state budget subprojects show no cases of child labor or forced labor; (ii) According to the socio-economic survey results, no case of child labor or forced labor use was recorded; (iii) The Contractor committed not to hiring child labor for the subproject-related jobs; (iv) The subproject Owner will coordinate with local authorities and related units to strictly control the Contractor's labor use; (v) Commitment not to use child labor is one of the required conditions in the bidding documents.

4.4.1.8. Risks during the construction phase

1. Risks due to road traffic accident

High density of vehicles involved in transportation, unsecured vehicles or drivers who do not comply with traffic rules such as overloading, speeding, etc. can all lead to traffic accidents. During the construction phase of the subproject, the volume of vehicles involved in transporting raw materials has a lot of potential for traffic accidents. Therefore, it is essential to regularly check vehicles and shipping volumes to minimize accidents on roads. Besides, the investor/contractor should regularly propagate and enhance workers’ awareness of obeying traffic laws to minimize risks and accidents when driving vehicles.

If risks or incidents occur, the drivers’ lives will be affected, causing economic losses and affecting the progress of the subproject. The level of risk is assessed to be low and can be mitigated through the measures proposed in ESCOPs.

2. Risks of fire, explosion and fuel leakage

Fires and explosions can occur in situations such as: (i) fuel transportation and stores; (ii) temporary power supply systems or unsafe use of generators can cause electrical problems leading to fire; (iii) fire and explosion generated from welding and asphalt burning activities; (iv) gas leaks during cooking from worker camps; (v) the process of operating machines, welding and gasoline and diesel vehicles without complying with regulations on fire control. If a fire or explosion occurs, serious damages can be caused on:

- Workers and local people’s life;

- Impact on the natural environment (air, soil, biological resources, etc.);

- Impact on the psychology, causing confusion with people and local communities;

- Impacts on living condition economic and social aspects in the surrounding area;

- Damages on the subproject’s works and adjacent infrastructure.

Fire and exploitation can be occured any time during construction period of the subproject. The impacts are assessed to be Moderate because the fire and exploision of fuel can: (i) affect workers and surrounding local people; (ii) affect water quality and construction schedule; (iii) Damage materials; (iv) Affect natural environmental and physical environment. The risks can be preventive and limited through mitigation measures. So that, a specific plan for emergency response to fire and explosion incidents at the construction site must be developed by the Contractor and the subproject Owner. At the same time, the contractor will carry out the fire

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceprevention and fighting measures and strictly follow regulations on prevention of leakage, fire and explosion. Fire prevention will be regularly performed by the Contractor to minimize the incidents and negative impacts.

3. Risks of working on water

Risks of working on water surface may occur during the construction of bridges of Ban Sang and Ban Hom 1, drainage ditches and the improvement of drainage ditches. Workers will be prone to the risk. A worker is in danger of falling from a height of 2 to 10m (during construction or operation of machines and equipment) on hard surface or into water, causing injury or even death; or construction materials, machines and equipment can be felt from a height of 2 - 10m into the workers, causing injuries. This risks are originated from: (i) Carelessness of workers during construction; (ii) Failure of technical equipment, machines and scaffolding fall; (iii) unsafe equipment at the construction site; (iv) Lack of training on safety and knowledge about technology, workers are not able and knowledgeable to predict potential risks and ways to avoid accidents; (v) Workers do not wear any personal protective equipment, leading to increase in the probability of an unexpected accidents. This risk is assessed as Moderate unless appropriate mitigation measures are taken.

4. Short-circuit and electric shock

Electric shocks can occur as: (i) construction means can break existing power lines at the construction site; (ii) temporary power supply system for machines and equipment during construction cause short-circuit, electric shock, etc.; (iii) the process of unsafe use of generators. If the incidents affect the health or life of workers and people in the subproject area, causing damage to property, affecting the psychology of people in the area, The subproject Owner and the Contractor are required to develop a specific plan for emergency response of short-circuit and electric shock at the site. The contractor will regularly inspect electrical and wiring systems, provide trainings for workers on occupational safety and fire prevention to minimize the possibility of incidents and reduce negative impacts.

5. Safety and health risks

Risks on community safety and health

The demolition process may generate risks accident risks for local people as well as for the workers. Labor accident, fire, explosion, short circuit and electric shock posed by the construction activities will also affect the safety of the community.

Inadequate lighting and fencing of construction sites inside of settlement areas can be dangerous for pedestrians and vehicles especially during the night time. Increasing of traffic due to trucks and vehicles movements to construction sites may cause inconvenience for local population as well. In addition, some construction/rehabilitation activities will cause temporary blockage of household access. Untimely and inefficient disposal of solid and domestic waste and improper sanitary conditions generated by the construction workers at construction sites and labor camps may cause pollution of the surrounding environment. This creates conditions for development of flies and mosquitoes and possible outbreaks of diseases such as diarrhea, dengue fever, etc. affecting the health of the local community. Moreover, a movement of heavy tracks may destroy or deteriorate conditions of roads inside settlements.

In the construction phase, the number of workers will be increase (there will be 100 workers at each site), the medical examination and health care of the community in the medical service unit will be more difficult in the case of an epidemics such as dengue, malaria, diarrhea, conjunctivitis.

Concentration of workers can also lead to the increase in social evils such as prostitution, gambling, HIV/AIDS and other local sexually transmitted diseases.

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceThe transporation of raw materials and wastes will contribute to increase traffic flow on existing roads, smoke, dust. Also, noise from construction activities will also pose health and safety risks to local people.

The impact level is assessed to be from small to medium as: (i) the impacts are localized in each construction area; (ii) construction period is not too long from 24 months; (iii) the number of workers is from 100 workers each site; moreover local labor will be priorized by the Contractor; (iv) workers will be train on labor safety, traffic safety, sanitation. Therefore, this impacts can be minimized through ESCOPs.

Risks of security forces

It is anticipated that during construction, the subproject contractor will retain or contract workers to provide security to safeguard its personnel and property. The experience with the Bank-financed subproject is that usually the contractor retains one or two persons at the construction, mainly at night to guard the construction materials and equipment, and no incident happened so far. Therefore, the risk posed by this security arrangement to those within and outside of the subproject site is assessed as Low. In order to avoid such risks, the contractor will be required to seek to ensure a proper procedure for recruiting and maintaining the security force at site.

Risks to worker safety and health

Construction activities such as earthworks, leveling, loading and unloading of construction materials, operation of equipment (excavators, cranes, trucks, welding machines and concrete mixers), overhead construction, construction on water have potential risks of labor accidents, traffic accidents or the risks to workers' health unless there are appropriate control measures. In addition, the storage and use of fuels such as electricity, gas and petrol will pose risks such as electric shock, fire, explosion, gas leakage, etc. that will directly affect the health and safety of workers. Labor accident may occur during any stage of a subproject’s construction. Accidents in the construction phase include:

- Workers carrying out jobs on rivers (construction of bridge, cuvert, drainage dicth) are prone to drowning due to carelessness or tiredness or failing to comply with regulations on labor safety during construction at the site;

- Operation of machines and equipment used for unloading of materials, equipment, for excavation and transportation of materials;

- Landslides in deeply excavated areas, bridge abutments, culvert;

- Injury due to insect bites, broken glass during the course of site clearance;

- Extreme weather conditions such as heavy rain, storms, flash floods or too hot weather;

- Risk of infectious diseases, social diseases, sexually transmitted diseases

In general, the risk on the workers is charactirized by: (i) the impacts are localized within the construction site and scattered in the local areas; (ii) short construction period; (iii) workers are provided with protective equipment, reasonable construction time and training on traffic safety and labor safety activities on the construction site will be arranged; (iv) fuel is stored in the area near the camps and is regularly inspected to minimize the risk of fire and explosion; (v) Training on fire prevention and fighting; (vi) Communication on prevention of infectious and sexually transmitted diseases will be implemented. These impacts can be mitigated through appropriate measures such as training on labor safety, traffic safety before and during construction and providing adequate protective equipment for workers.

In addition, safety and health non-compliance may create a risk for construction workers. The

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceContractors will have to follow Occupation Safety and Health rules, which include among others strictly implementation established norms and procedure health and safety which depends on type on conducting works, usage of PPE, training activities and monitoring. In addition, all workers need to be introduced to working procedure with hazardous materials (such as asbestos materials, etc.). Contractors have to provide workers with appropriate living conditions: safe water supply, washing conditions, rooms for rest and etc. Given the nature and scale of the investment and construction activities the risk and adverse impact are assessed as direct and Moderate.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

Delivering civil works subprojects requires the assembly of a workforce, together with suppliers and supporting functions and services, and may lead to congregations of a large number of people. The subproject may have a workforce from international, national, regional, and/or local labor markets and require workers to live in site accommodation, lodge within communities close to work sites, and/or return to their homes after works. There may be the regular coming and going of support services, such as catering, cleaning services, equipment, material and supply deliveries, and the interaction with specialist sub-contractors bought in to deliver elements of the works.

The potential for the spread of coronavirus infection by subprojects is high. In addition, subprojects may experience large numbers of the workforce becoming ill and will need to consider how they will receive treatment, and whether this will impact on local healthcare services, particularly when subprojects are in remote places where local healthcare facilities could be easily overwhelmed. The presence of international workers, especially if they come from countries with high infection rates, may also cause social tension between the foreign workers and local populations. Although the coronavirus outbreak in the country is under control, strict compliance with the government regulation in coronavirus prevention and control must be followed by the PMU3 and contractor.

6. Risks of local flooding

The earthwork, leveling activites obstruct the water drainage. At the same time, rain in the construction area may cause local flooding areas on the site. If the temporary drainage on the site is not arranged, local flooding will affect workers, surrounding people and the construction works. The prolonged local flooding will: (i) affect living conditions, production activities and travel of people and workers; (ii) lose beautiful landscape, cause poor environmental sanitation, and pose potential sources of communicable diseases; (iii) Casue damage to works under construction. The risk of local flooding usually occurs in the rainy season (from June to September). The risk of local inundation is assessed at MEDIUM because: (i) the subproject area has a steep slope; (ii) wide river and stream system is capable of rapid drainage; (iii) moreover, the risk of local inundation can be minimized by technical measures.

7. Risks from material supply sources

Although the subproject material sources are detailed in Chapter 1. Demand for Raw Materials, Fuels and Disposal Sites”. It is specified that materials including soil, sand and stone for construction must be obtained from licensed mines; cement, iron and steel from Son La province. However, some Contractors may not comply and choose the cheaper material supplies from the illegal sources. There are some risks and impacts including:

- Supply conditions and properties of materials are not met the standards for construction of work items, or will reduce the work constrution quailty.

- The supply is not guaranteed in quantity, affecting the implementation progress of work items under the subproject.

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- No guarantee of environmental conditions during the illegal exploitation of construction materials.

- There are potential risks such as labor accidents due to lack of labor protection equipment, traffic accident during the transportation process of raw materials if it is not appropriate with the proposed route for the subproject.

However, these indirect risks are assessed as "Low" and can be minimized due to: (i) All sources of raw materials for construction of work items must be licensed mines; (ii) Experimental conditions on construction geology are carried out before construction. (iii) This risk is short-term, only occurs during the construction period. Mitigation measures are mentioned in the next section.

8. Impacts due to erosion, subsidence in the construction area

During the construction, some construction activities such as pile drilling to construct bridge piers / abutments; excavating the organic ground layer can easily cause subsidence or slip at the construction site. This causes potential risks to workers involved in construction, affects the quality and construction progress of the subproject. Areas at risk of erosion and landslide include Ban Hom 1 bridge, Ban Sang bridge, residential underground tunnels and strongly divided ground areas in Hua La and Chieng Co communes. The impact is assessed to be high if it rains, otherwise it is considered SMALL because: (i) construction activities usually take place in the dry season; (ii) local and short-term impacts, the impact scope is mainly in the working area; (iii) pile drilling activities taking place in sparsely populated areas and more than 100m far from the surrounding infrastructure. This risk can be minimized by closely monitoring the appropriate construction methods.

9. Risks of heating

During the construction of the roadbed, asphalt will be heated for pavement. Asphalt will be melted in the construction site and then workers will use equipment and machinery to water the heated asphalt on the pavement. The process of heating asphalt or watering hot asphalt poses risks for workers. However, this impact is assessed to be small because: (i) the amount of asphalt per heating is not much; (ii) local impacts at the construction site; (iii) workers are equipped with protective labor equipment; (iv) training and guidance to minimize risks to all construction workers. This risk can be minimized by closely monitoring the appropriate construction methods.

4.4.2. Specific impacts in the construction process

1. Impacts on water quality

This impact takes place at the construction area of the Ban Hom 1 bridge and the Ban Sang bridge (intersection between Son La city bypass route and Nam La stream, Ban Hom stream) which requires excavation and filling of soil with a large amount. Excavation and embankment to reinforce bridge abutments and piers contribute to increasing suspended solid waste in the downstream. In addition, overflowing water can wash away pollutants in the area (construction materials, soil, sand, grease and waste, etc.) into nearby water bodies such as Ban Hom and Nam La, causing water pollution. This will contribute to increase in suspended substances in the water source, affecting the aquatic flora and fauna in the subproject. However, no endemic animals and plants need to be protected. Besides, excavation, embankment and dredging activities will take place during the dry season when water flows in rivers and ditches are at lowest. The impacts, therefore, will only occur 3-6 months and will be stopped when the works are put into operation. Therefore, the impact level is from low to moderate, temporary and can be minimized.

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Intersection at Ban Hom 1 bridge (the road to Chieng Co commune)

Intersection area of Ban Sang bridge (Hua La commune)

Figure 9: Existing construction site of Ban Sang and Ban Hom 1 bridges

2. Impacts on agricultural activities

The construction of Son La city bypass will affect the agricultural production (industrial crops, fruit trees, upland fields or crops) of the people. Impacts due to the construction of subproject on agricultural production activities are as follows:

- Although construction activities are carried out in a sequential manner, the work still affect agricultural activities.

- Water overflow from the site, if not properly controlled, may pollute irrigation water and soil, affecting the crop yields.

- Construction waste and household waste that are not frequently collected can lead to sedimentation of agricultural land.

- Raw materials that are not collected and disposed indiscriminately will affect the access of local people to the farming areas.

- Waste and wastewater from living activities which are not controlled will directly affect farming households

- Excavation and embankment can increase the turbidity of the water, affecting irrigation actitivies.

- Construction of roads can divide agricultural production areas, local roads, affecting transportation and farming activities of local people.

However, the impact is assessed as insignificant because: (i) successive methods are applied, thus the impact is only localized within the construction area: (ii) The subproject Owner and Contractor must build temporary roads if the construction activities affect to accessing to agricultural land areas or trading activities for production; (iii) water supply and drainage for agricultural production areas must be planned by the subproject Owner and Contractor; (iv) Wastewater and waste must be collected daily by workers and local functional agecies; (v) Excavation and backfilling must be carried out in reasonable time and the time must be informed to local communities, and must not be implemented in the period of water supply for agricultural production activities; (vi) Impacts only occur during construction period and will end when the subproject is put into operation (about 24 months)

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Km291+164 to Km292+450 Km298+320 to Km300 Km300 to Km303+600

Figure 10: Current status of agricultural production along the route of the subproject

3. Impacts on the quality of underground water

Piling or drilling at a distance of 8 - 20 m at the points of construction of Ban Hom 1 and Ban Sang bridges may affect to the groundwater because

- When passing through shallow water layers (12 ÷ 20 m), a part of the pile body with bentonite containing additives will be sunk in the water layer complex. Bentonite with potential toxic additives will penetrate this complex and penetrate into the water vessels containing contaminants from piles.

- In the construction phase, contaminated surface water will overflow into the space between the void and borehole, then the groundwater will be contaminated.

The impact is assessed as MINOR because the majority of bentonite is collected to reduce the impact on surface water and groundwater. In addition, piling activities are only carried out in the dry season when water level and the water demand are low, in short term (about 1-2 weeks) and within the area.

4. Interruption of business activities

The implement of subproject will affect business households doing business at intersections with NH6 and NH4G. In addition to safety risks, noise and dust from construction activities and construction equipment may interrupt the business of households (about 24 months of construction). However, this impact is assessed as Medium as: (i) successive methods are applied, thus the business activities are only locally affected (household scope about 3-6 months); (ii) the impact is in short period of tome (about 3-6 months for each household); (iii) when the subproject is put into operation, it contributes to the development of the households’ business. This impact can be mitigated through the Resettlement Action Plan prepared for the subproject.

Figure 11: Status of business activities in the subproject area

5. Risks of soil erosion and landslides at talus slope

Son La city bypass crosses the strongly divided mountainous terrain. Therefore, erosion and erosion can occur when the rainy season comes, and heavy floods will cause landslides at the hill near the route, affecting the construction site.

The locations at risk of landslide and erosion during construction are as follows:

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Table 53: Summary table of retaining wall (talus slope)

No.Station

Length Side Remarks Starting Ending

1 Km291+736.30 Km291+814.29 80m Right shoulder retaining wall


3 Km293+462.96 Km293+477.63 15m Left retaining wall of positive talus

4 Km299+016.99 Km299+076.99 60m Right foot retaining wall




8 Km300+862.88 Km300+900.00 37m Left shoulder retaining wall




12 Km301+979.38 Km301+988.63 09m Left foot retaining wall






Total scope of retaining wall L=725m

Erosion and landslide can affect the lives of construction workers, affect the progress and quality of the work. The impact is large and long-term if there is a risk of erosion and landslide of the slope.

In addition, during the construction of bridge and culvert, if the reinforcement is poorly carred and the the construction period lasts to the rainy season, the soil become soft and subsided, posing dangerous for workers and affects the construction process. However, the impact is assessed medium as: (i) successive methods are applied; (ii) the construction activities are mainly carried out in the dry season; (iii) detailed design measures are considered in accordance with the geological characteristic of the subproject; (iv) Can be mitigated through construction methods that are suitable to each work.

4.4.3. Impacts on sensitive receptors

The construction of the subproject’s works may impact on some sensitive receptors located near the construction areas, including the inconvenience of local people’s travel; Emissions and dust can become a nuisance for local people and cultural activities; Risks of traffic safety and accidents related to works. The survey results show that the subproject’s construction activities can affect not only workers and the surrounding community, but also some sensitive receptors on the road due to transportation of construction material. The impact level is assessed to be medium, temporary and mitigable. Details of receptors around the subproject area are described as follows:

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Table 54: Impacts on sensitive works

No. Sensitive structures / areas Characteristics of the works Impact

1 The starting point of the route and the intersection

with Highway 6 is at Km298 + 950

- This is a junction area intersecting the road of the subproject and NH6 route. At intersections with a high density of vehicles in traffic, many types of vehicles, including rudimentary vehicles and large vehicles.- The quality of the roadbed at the

intersection is good, but the curves and visibility in traffic are hindered / limited.- There is a lot of trade between the

delta region with Son La City and the northwestern provinces through this intersection.- Around the intersection area is

densely populated, within the range of 100 meters there are over 50 households. In addition, trading, production and business activities (mainly carpentry and small-scale trade) of the households at the intersection also took place busy.

- Dust, exhaust gases, noise, and vibration affect the surrounding people.- Affect the regional

landscape.- Risk of traffic

accident.- Traffic jams and

disruptions.- Affect the travel and

trade of people living near and other areas.- Community conflict.

2 Intersection with NH4G at Km292 + 172

- This is the intersection area at the intersection between the Son La city bypass and the NH4G. - Traffic density is high, as it is the

artery connecting Son La City and Song Ma district as well as trade activities with Laos.- The quality of the roadbed at the

intersection is good, the width of the roadbed is about 9.0-15.0m.- Around the intersection area is

densely populated (about 50 households). Business activities are mainly small-scale trading activities and daily-life necessities.



accident.- Affect the travel and

trade of people living near the area.- Community conflict.

3 Ban Mong hot water bath tourist area, located near the

intersection of Ban Sang bridge at Km298 + 775

- The hot water bath area is located in Muong village, Hua La commune. The route of the subproject intersects with Nguyen Van Linh street at Ban Sang bridge area. Nguyen Van Linh Street is the only route to access Ban Mong hot spring resort. - Zones Ban Mong hot water bath

tourism located about 1000m from the intersection.

- Obstructing tourists access to the area.- Community conflict.- Affect economic,

income sources of households in the tourist area.

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- Hours of operation of the resort usually take place from 6am to 10pm daily. The peak tourist season usually takes place in spring.

4 Chieng Co Primary School, located near the intersection

of Ban Hom 1 bridge at Km306 + 930

- The route of the subproject intersects with Chieng Co route, which is the access route to the area of Chieng Co Primary School. - Chieng Co Primary School is

located more than 70m from the road area of the subproject. - The subproject does not occupy

the land of this work.- The area of campus is about 2,500

m 2 , with over 200 students.- Students’ learning time takes

place from Monday - Friday, the time of arrival and departure is between 6:30 - 7:30, 11am-12h, 13h-14h and 16h30-17h30.

- Dust, emissions, noise, and vibration affect students; learning and extracurricular activities.- Traffic jam, traffic

accident.- Obstructing access

of parents, students and teachers of the school.- Community conflict.

5 Chieng Co Secondary School, located near the

intersection of Ban Hom 1 bridge at Km306 + 930

- Chieng Co Secondary School is located next to Chieng Co Primary School, about 50m from the road area of the subproject. - The subproject implementation

will not affect the land on this work.- The campus area is about 3,000

square meters2, with over 300 students.- Students’ learning time takes

place from Monday - Friday, the time of arrival and departure is between 6:30 - 7:30, 11am-12h, 13h-14h and 16h30-17h30.

- Dust, emissions, noise, and vibration affect students; learning and extracurricular activities.- Traffic jam, traffic

accident.- Obstructing access

of parents, students and teachers of the school.- Community conflict.

6 Chieng Co wholesale market, located on the road

to Chieng Co commune

- Chieng Co wholesale market subproject is located near the intersection at the end of the route, about 50m away. At the same time, this is also a densely populated area (there are about 20 households living around the market).- Although, the Chieng Co

wholesale market is close to the road area of the subproject, the subproject will not affect the area of the market.- The area of the Chieng Co

wholesale market is about 1,500 m 2, concentrating about 50 households doing business in the market. The

- Dust, exhaust gas.- Noise/vibration- Solid waste- Traffic jam, traffic

accident.- Obstructing people

access to and business to Chieng Co commune market.- Community conflict.- Affecting people

trading and exchanging goods.

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main items for sale are foodstuffs and household goods.- Operating time of the market

takes place from 4am - 19h daily.

7 The end point of the route, intersection with Highway 6 at Son La pass area, Km308

+ 820

- This is the intersection of the intersection of the subproject route and the NH6 at the Son La bypass- At the intersection at the end of

the bypass, the density of vehicles in traffic is high (including rudimentary vehicles and large-sized means of transport).- The quality of the roadbed at the

intersection is good, but the curves and visibility in traffic are hindered / limited by a few households living near the intersection area.- Around the intersection area is

densely populated, within the range of 100m, there are over 30 households living. - Business activities also took place

quite busy at the intersection at the end of the route: (i) operations of Chieng Co wholesale market; (ii) business activities of neighboring households; (iii) trade activities between the delta provinces and Son La province as well as the mountainous northwestern provinces.



accident.- Traffic jams and

disruptions.- Affect the travel and

trade of people living near and other areas.- Community conflict.

In general, the impacts of subproject construction on sensitive works is assessed as MINOR as: (i) The distance from construction works to sensitive areas is more than 10-30m for the intersection area, >30m for other works; (ii) short construction period (about 3-6 months); (iii) The main impacts include dust, noise and the impacts are localized and may descend with distance. These impacts can be minimized.

4.5. IMPACTS AND RISKS IN THE OPERATION PHASE

Due to the nature of the subproject being road construction, the main impact during the operation phase is the positive impact on the local socio-economy condition. Besides, economic development will also cause negative impacts on the environment, but the impact level on the environment in the region is insignificant. Pollution sources mainly arise from traffic activities of people, construction of house activities and risks from natural disasters (rain, storm, flood, landslide ...).

The main impacts are dust, exhaust gas, noise, hazardous waste, construction waste, rainwater sweeped with waste, traffic safety and security and order.

When put into operation, the subproject's work items do not affect sensitive structures and have no specific impacts, however, in the operation phase, it is necessary to consider some

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provincegeneral impacts as follows:

1. Dust and emissions

The subproject is put into operation, it will lead to the urbanization effect. The number of newly built houses on the road near residential areas will increase rapidly. This activity will cause impacts on the air environment including dust from building activities and emissions from vehicles participating in traffic. Thus, dust and gas emissions from the traffics on roads and waterway will affect the ambient air in the residential areas surrounding the subproject site. The impact will last throughout the operation phase. However, it is assed to be “medium” and mitigated through: (i) the air quality in the area is quite good and has no sign of pollution; (ii) In the subproject area, there are many green trees; (iii) Raise people’s awareness on limiting use of fossil fuels (petrol, oil, etc.); (iv) the management and operation unit periodically waters and cleans roads; (v) Place traffic signs suitable to terrains and characteristics of each area.

2. Impacts caused by noise and vibration

The source of the noise generated mainly from the transport means will affect the households living sparsely along the route. The process of transportation will certainly generate noise on the road, affecting the living environment of surrounding residential areas.

Table 55: Noise level of motor vehicles

No. Vehicle types Noise (dBA)

1 Car 77

2 Minibus 84

3 4-stroke motorcycles 70

4 2-stroke motorcycles 73

The noise levels of vehicles on the newly constructed roads affecting the surrounding environment at distances of 50m, 100m and 200m are shown in Table 63 below:

Table 56: Maximum noise level by distance from vehicles

No. Vehicle typesThe noise level from the source (dBA)

10m 20m 50m 100m 200m

1 Car 60.5 54.5 46.5 40.5 34.5

2 Minibus 67.5 61.5 53.5 47.5 41.5

3 4-stroke motorcycles 53.5 47.5 39.5 33.5 27.5

4 2-stroke motorcycles 56.5 50.5 42.5 36.5 30.5

QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (in the period from 6 am-9 pm) 70 dBA

The calculation results show that at the position 20m or more from the point source, the noise level is within the allowed limits of QCVN 26: 2010 / BTNMT (in the period from 6 am-9 pm). Therefore, the impact of noise on the surrounding residents is assessed to be small.

3. Change in ecological landscape and land use purpose

Area of agricultural production land along the Son La city bypass route tends to change to urban residential area. This leads to reduction of agricultural land, influencing flood production yeild in the subproject area. However, the change of land use purpose will help

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceincrease the value of existing and neighboring land plots. The impact is highly appriciated that contributes to improve soicio-economic aspects in the area and promote trading and service development.

However, there may be social impacts due to change of land use purpose and/or induced development (increase in solid waste, illegal use of row); This is considered to be a long-term issue. In the first beggining years, the impacts are assessed to be low, but it requiring combination with raising people’s awareness on socio-economic development and social development related issues which can mitigate potentially negative impacts on local people.

4. Risks and incidents in the operation phase

Road safety during the operation phase of the road

Road safety is the main impacts in the operation phase of the subproject. In the first years, when rudimentary vehicles (bicycles, carge carriers) are used mixing with motor vehicle (car, motorbike, truck) and the number of traffic accidents may increase, especially if speed is not controlled at the intersection between the Son La bypass and existing roads. It can be noted that the impact will be mitigated through raising people’s awareness of regulations and practices on road use as well as monitoring and restriction of speed and behaviors of drivers. In the long-run, with high rate of traffic flow, dust, exhausted gases, noise and vibration should be paid attention but can be mitigated by long-term planning.

Landslide and subsidence

During operation, there may be incidents: (i) landslide of bridge, culvert and underground tunnel; (ii) erosion and subsidence of transport roads; (iii) landslide at positive and negative slope. This incidents will damage the embankment, bridge, road, infrastructure, cause dealth and affect assets of surrounding people and traffic participants. The risks are generated from (i) natural disaster, flooding and long-lasting heavy rain; (ii) construction activities that fail to meeting requirements on quality, technical and materials; (iii) overloaded transportation trucks on roads, bridges, embankments; (iv) irregular operation and maintenance. Thus, the design must take consideration into the aspect to prevent threats to local community in the operation phase.

5. Risks of inundation from new road

When roads come into operation, natural drainage direction in the area may be destructed, the upgraded roads can form a dyke that prevents water from drainage in case of heavy rain or in rainy season. This poses a risk of local flooding in some works, affecting (i) travelling and domestic activities of local people; (ii) long-lasting inundation may cause environmental pollution and potential diseases that influence local people’s health; (iii) affect agricultural production activities, cause damages to people’s assets.

In order to mitigate flooding impacts in the operation phase of roads, the drainage culverts across and along roads have been arranged:

- In the design, elevation of roads is considered to ensure the existing natural draiange system.

- Bridges over the intersection with water bodies are arranged.- Construction of culverts across roads that fits to rainy intensity and run-off flow rate in the

area.- Regularly check the flooding risks so as to make additional design of drainage culverts

crossing roads (if required).- Consultation with local people in the flooding prone area to propose prompt measures.

However, specific technical methods should be studied and added in the following phases and

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceconsulted with local communities. The design must prevent threats to local people in operation phase.

6. Risk of obstruct visibility When the route is put into operation, fog may appear to obstruct visibility on days when the air has high humidity in areas with high altitude (Hua La commune, Chieng Sing, Chieng Coi, Chieng Co.). Heavy fog affects visibility when in traffic, potentially risking traffic safety in curves or areas where terrain changes suddenly. The impact is large if the risk occurs because it affects the lives and property of the road users. However, the risk is assessed to be moderate and can be mitigated through: (i) traffic signal systems, limit signs, warning signs on dangerous areas on the route; (ii) Arranging signs to restrict visibility at curves; (iii) the awareness of road users has been significantly improved.

4.6. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS

This section discusses the cumulative impacts of the subproject. In this regard, the cumulative impact under consideration is defined as two or more individual affects that, when considered together, are considerable or which compound or increase other environmental impacts. The cumulative impact from several subprojects result from the incremental impacts of the proposed subproject when added to other closely related, and reasonably foreseeable, futuresub projects. The impacts that do not result in part from the subproject will not be discussed.

In this ESIA, it is considered whether the subproject construction and operation may contribute to cumulative impacts on the Valued Environmental and Social Components (VECs) on which other existing or future developments within or nearby the subproject area may also have detrimental effects.

The subproject is constructed outside of Son La City, moreover, the subproject area is hilly area and is not implementing any other subprojects. Therefore, the cumulative impacts from the subproject will not be included in this ESIA.

4.7. INCLUDED IMPACTS

The induced impacts can be, due to induced actions of the subproject and activities that may occur if the action under assessment is implemented such as growth inducing impacts and other effects related to induced changes to the pattern of future land use or additional road network, population density or growth rate.

The formation of Son La city bypass will attract immigrated people living along the road. The land value, therefore, will be increased. This is a factor for socio-economic development.

However, the residential area of immigrated people and production facilities along the road will be formed. This will cause the community disturbance or unreal land values, leading to community conflicts and affecting daily activities of local people.

In addition, there is part of residents living along the road. This will induce issues related to increased wastes and wastewater, affecting environmental and causing unsanitary environment and health problems if the wastes are not collected.

People living along the road can encounter the potential of traffic accidents due to formation of residential area along the roads; meanwhile the traffic signs have not been completed. Thus, people will be threatened by traffic accidents when going across the road.

In order to reduce negative impacts, the Management Unit of road will work with local authorities to manage the mechanical migration living along the road. At the same time, formation of residential areas will be managed by specific planning of Son La’s functional agencies. The impact is assessed to be Medium.

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CHAPTER 5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

With the potential impacts and risks identified and assessed in Chapter 4, an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been prepared for the subproject of construction of Son La city bypass route. The environmental and social management program will identify the actions to be taken in the subproject including the environmental monitoring program and the implementation arrangements, considering compliance with the regulations in the environmental impact assessment of the World Bank (WB) and the Government of Vietnam. This ESMP includes the following main contents:

- The measures to minimize the potential environmental impacts to be incorporated into the Feasibility Study and Detailed Design, and the mitigation measures to address the adverse impacts during pre-construction, construction, and operation phases together with implementation responsibilities;

- Environmental Monitoring Program;

- The subproject Compliance Framework, including environmental and social supervision arrangements, fines applicable to non-compliance;

- Capacity building programs;

- Cost estimation; and

- Grievance Redress mechanism.

5.1. IMPACTS MITIGATION MEASURES

5.1.1. Measures Incorporated into Detailed Design

The following measures were considered during the preparation of the feasibility study and will be integrated in the detailed technical designs to mitigate the potential socio-environmental impacts and traffic safety risks and enhance environmental outcome during operation phase:

- Minimize site clearance requirements.

- Change the blasting construction method by construction method using baking powder to break rock.

- Protect slopes with grass vegetation cover and concrete frames and/or embankments

- Install crossing and longitudinal drains to ensure the stability of the subproject's new roads and to avoid localized flooding risks along the new roads

- It is necessary to arrange convex spherical mirrors in the area of the curve.

- Arranging signboards, warning dangerous areas, traffic signals in areas prone to dense fog when facing adverse weather.

- Arranging speed restriction signs through the intersection of the bypass route and existing roads.

5.1.2. Measures to be implemented in the Pre-construction phase

5.1.2.1. Measures to prevent safety risks related to UXO

Unexploded bombs and mines will be searched for removal right after completing the compensation for site clearance and before implementation of levelling the site. The subproject owner will sign contract with competent army agencies for detection and clearance

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceof bombs and mines (the depth at least 5.0m under the ground) at construction sites, if any.

The UXO clearance plan must be informed to local people before commencement of the clearance. No construction activities will be allowed before completion of the UXO and site handover to the PMU3.

5.1.2.2. Measures to minimize impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement

During subproject preparation, resettlement consultants, technical consultants and PMUs worked together, reviewing the technical requirements and construction methods to reduce resettlement in principle (i) mitigate the impact of land acquisition on households in the subproject area; and (ii) prioritizing construction options that require the smallest area of land acquisition. During subproject implementation, DDR will be prepared in line with the requirements of social safeguard policy of the Donor. The DDR will include specific mitigation measures to address the impact of land acquisition and resettlement.

Compensation and supports given to the affected households will be based on the following key principles:

- All affected person who have assets within or reside within the area of subproject land-take before the cut-off date are entitled to compensation for their losses. Those who have lost their income and/or subsistence will be eligible for livelihood rehabilitation assistance based on the criteria of eligibility defined by the subproject in consultation with the subproject affected person. If, by the end of the subproject, livelihoods have been shown not to be restored to pre-subproject levels, additional measures will be provided.

- Agricultural land cost: Compensation and support for agricultural land will follow the price list issued by the Son La PPC.

- Housing construction cost: Values of houses and other structures are determined according to the market price of construction materials at the time of determining the compensation cost in order to build a replacement house with quality and size at least as the old one, or to repair the affected part.

- Cost of trees and farm produce: The proposed price for compensation calculation is based on the legal regulations by Son La PPC.

The Table 64 below presents mitigation measures to address potential negative environmental and social impacts during pre-construction.

Table 57: Mitigation measures during pre-construction phase

Environmental and social impacts

Mitigation measuresResponsibilities

Implementation

Supervision

Impacts of Land Acquisition and Resettlement

Implementation of approved DDR in accordance with its provision. Estimated cost of compensation, support and resettlement is about VND 240.38 billion.

Son La PPC

PMU3, IEMC

UXO can affect health and safety of workers, staff, and local people

The subproject owners must contract with a competent military agency to clear all UXO to the depth of five meters from the ground surface of the construction sites. The detailed plan for removal of UXO should be disclosed and informed to local people, workers in the affected area in a timely manner before UXO clearance starts.

PMU3/contracted competent military unit

PMU3

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La province5.1.3. Measures to be implemented during the construction phase

Typical general impacts to be minimized by the measures identified in the ESCOPs include: (i) dust, emission, noise, vibration; (ii) wastewater management; (iii) solid wastes and hazardous waste control; (iv) Surface water quality reduction; (v) Impacts on Biological; (vi) Impacts on urban landscape; (vii) risk of erosion and landslide; (viii) risk of flooding and sedimentation; (ix) traffic disturbance and traffic safety risks; (x) impact on the existing infrastructure and related services; (xi) Disturbance to businesses and daily activities of local people; (xii) Impacts on cultural and historical resources and Chance find procedures; (xiii) Community Safety and Health; (xiv) risk to safety and health of workers and (xv) Management of storage site and quarry. In addition, some specific impacts or sensitive locations have also been identified.

Below are the mitigation measures to be implemented during the construction phase of the subproject and presented by category:

General mitigation measures presented as ESCOPs (Environmental and Social Codes of Practice). ESCOPs will be applied to all bid packages by the contractors and supervised by the construction supervision consultant (or Engineer).

Mitigation measure applicable to specific types of activities to be carried out; and Site-specific mitigation measures to address site-specific potential impacts and risks

Bidding documents and construction contracts of each bid package will include the entire ESCOPs and specific mitigation measures by type of construction activity and location consistent with the work content in the bid package.

The contractors will be required to prepare Site-Specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (SESMP) and submit to the Construction Supervision Consultant and the project Management Unit 3 (PMU3) for review and approval at least two weeks prior to construction commencement. The SESMP will be prepared to meet the mitigation requirements described in below.

5.1.3.1. Environmental and social Codes of Practice (ESCOPs)

The mitigation measures for common negative impacts during the construction phase are presented in Tables in the form of Environmental and Social Codes of Practices (ESCOP). ESCOP will be included in all bidding documents and construction contracts of all bid packages to request the contractors to implement. ESCOP compliance will be supervised by the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) in coordination with PMU3.

ESCOP, together with relevant type-specific and site-specific mitigation measures will be included in the construction contract signed between the PMU3 and the Contractor. In addition, each contractor will be required to prepare Site-specific Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) to cover all measures that the contractor will carry out to address potential impacts and risks associated with the works that they are contracted to implement.

1. Dust, emission, noise, vibration; 2. Wastewater management; 3. Solid wastes and Hazardous waste management; 4. Surface water quality reduction; 5. Impacts on Biological; 6. Impacts on urban landscape; 7. Risks of erosion and landslide; 8. Flooding and sedimentation; 9. Traffic disturbance and traffic safety risks; 10. Impacts on the existing infrastructure and related services;

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11. Social impacts; 12. Impacts on cultural and historical resources and Chance find procedures; 13. Community Safety and Health; 14. Risks to safety and health of workers. 15. Management of material stores and pits16. Communication with local authorities.

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Table 58: Environmental and Social Codes of Practices (ESCOPs)

Environmental - social issues Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised

by1. Dust and exhaust

emissions- The Contractor is responsible for compliance

with relevant Vietnamese legislation with respect to ambient air quality.

- The Contractor shall ensure that the generation of dust is minimized and is not perceived as a nuisance by local residents and shall implement a dust control plan to maintain a safe working environment and minimize disturbances for surrounding residential areas/dwellings.

- The Contractor shall implement dust suppression measures (e.g. use water spraying vehicles to water roads, covering of material stockpiles, etc.) as required.

- Material loads shall be suitably covered and secured during transportation to prevent the scattering of soil, sand, materials, or dust.

- Exposed soil and material stockpiles shall be protected against wind erosion and the location of stockpiles shall take into consideration the prevailing wind directions and locations of sensitive receptors.

- Dust masks should be used where dust levels are excessive

- All vehicles must comply with Vietnamese regulations controlling allowable emission limits of exhaust gases.

- Vehicles in Vietnam must undergo a regular emissions check and get certified named: “Certificate of conformity from inspection of

- TCVN 6438-2005: Road vehicles - Maximum permitted emission limits of exhaust gas

- Decision No. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT on inspection of quality, technical safety and environmental protection

- QCVN 05: 2013/MONRE: National technical regulation on ambient air quality;

- WB's EHS standard

- Contractor - PMU3, CSC, IEMC

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byquality, technical safety and environmental protection” following Decision No. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT;

- There should strictly be no burning of solid wastes or construction materials (e.g. wood, rubber, oil-based rag, emptied cement bags, paper, plastic, bitumen, etc.) on site.

- Noise and vibration impacts

- The contractor is responsible for compliance with the relevant Vietnamese legislation with respect to noise and vibration.

- All vehicles must have appropriate “Certificate of conformity from inspection of quality, technical safety and environmental protection” following Decision No. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; to avoid exceeding noise emission from poorly maintained machines.

- Measures to reduce noise to acceptable levels should be implemented, including: Selecting equipment with lower sound

power levels Installing silencers for fans Installing suitable mufflers on engine

exhausts and compressor components Installing acoustic enclosures for equipment

casing radiating noise Installing acoustic barriers without gaps and

with a continuous minimum surface density of 10 kg/m2 in order to minimize the transmission of sound through the barrier

Barriers should be located as close to the source or to the receptor location to be

- QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National technical regulation on noise

- QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT: National technical regulation on vibration;

- WB's EHS standard


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byeffective

Installing vibration isolation for mechanical equipment

Limiting the hours of operation for specific pieces of equipment or operations, especially mobile sources operating through community areas

Re-locating noise sources to less sensitive areas to take advantage of distance and shielding

Siting permanent facilities away from community areas if possible

Taking advantage of the natural topography as a noise buffer during facility design

Reducing subproject traffic routing through community areas wherever possible

- Developing a mechanism to record and respond to complaints

2. Wastewater management

- The Contractor must be responsible for compliance with the relevant Vietnamese regulations on wastewater discharges into surroundings.

- Portable or constructed toilets must be provided on site for construction workers.

- Consider hiring local workers to reduce wastewater generation on site.

- Provide septic tanks for collecting and treating wastewater from toilets.

- Wastewater from kitchens, showers, sinks shall be discharged into a local sewerage system.

- QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on domestic wastewater;

- QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT: National technical regulation on industrial wastewater;

- WB's EHS standard


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by- Wastewater from washing vehicles and

construction equipment shall be collected into a settling pond before discharged into local drainage system.

- At completion of construction works, wastewater collection tanks and septic tanks shall be safely disposed of or effectively sealed off.

3. Solid waste management

- Before construction, a solid waste control procedure (storage, provision of bins, site clean-up schedule, bin clean-out schedule, etc.) must be prepared by Contractors and it must be carefully followed during construction activities.

- Before construction, all necessary waste disposal permits or licenses must be obtained.

- Measures shall be taken to reduce the potential for litter and negligent behavior with regard to the disposal of all refuse. At all places of work, the Contractor shall provide litter bins, containers and refuse collection facilities.

- Solid waste may be temporarily stored on site in a designated area approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and relevant local authorities prior to collection and disposal through a licensed waste collector, for example, URENCO Son La.

- Waste storage containers shall be covered, tip-proof, weatherproof and scavenger proof.

- No burning, on-site burying or dumping of solid waste shall occur.

- Recyclable materials such as wooden plates for trench works, steel, scaffolding material, site

- Decision No. 59/2007/ND-CP on solid waste management;

- Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP dated 24/04/2015 on waste and scrap management


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byholding, packaging material, etc. shall be collected and separated on-site from other waste sources for reuse, for use as fill, or for sale.

- If not removed off site, solid waste or construction debris shall be disposed of only at sites identified and approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and included in the solid waste plan. Under no circumstances shall the contractor dispose of any material in environmentally sensitive areas, such as in areas of natural habitat or in watercourses.

4. Hazardous waste management

- Fuels and chemicals must be safely stored in areas with impermeable ground with roofs and surrounding banks, equipped with safety warning signs located at least 20m from the camps and at the end of prevailing winds;

- Collect, store, and transported for treatment all hazardous wastes (road asphalt, waste oil and grease, organic solvents, chemicals, oil paints, etc.) in accordance with Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT on management of hazardous waste.

- Collect and temporarily store used oil and grease separately in specialized containers and place in safe and fire-free areas with impermeable floors roofs, at a safe distance from fire sources. Sign contracts with for oil and grease to be delivered to suppliers/ manufacturers

- Do not use unapproved toxic materials, including paint containing lead, asbestos, etc. .;

- The removal of asbestos-containing materials or other toxic substances shall be performed and

- Decree No. 38/2015/NĐ-CP dated 24/04/2015 on waste and scrap management

- Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT on hazardous waste management

- Contractor - PMU, CSC, IEMC

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bydisposed of by specially trained and certified workers.

- Used oil and grease shall be removed from site and sold to an approved used oil recycling company.

- Do not perform any maintenance (change of oil and filter) of cars and equipment outside the designated area.

- Used oil, lubricants, cleaning materials, etc. from the maintenance of vehicles and machinery shall be collected in holding tanks and removed from site by n approved specialized oil recycling company for disposal.

- Used oil or oil-contaminated materials that could potentially contain PCBs shall be securely stored to avoid any leakage or affecting workers.

- Unused or rejected tar or bituminous products shall be returned to the supplier’s production plant.

- Relevant agencies shall be promptly informed of any accidental spill or incident

- Store chemicals appropriately and with appropriate labelling

- Appropriate communication and training programs should be put in place to prepare workers to recognize and respond to workplace chemical hazards

- Report all incidences of oil spills immediately and prevent any risks of oil spills

- Prepare and initiate a remedial action following any spill or incident. In this case, the contractor

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byshall provide a report explaining the reasons for the spill or incident, remedial action taken, consequences/damage from the spill, and proposed corrective actions.

- In the event that accidental leakage or spillage of diesel/chemicals/chemical wastes takes place, the following response procedures shall be followed immediately by the Contractor(s): The person who has identified the

leakage/spillage shall immediately check if anyone is injured and shall then inform the Contractor(s), Supervision Engineer and PMU3;

The Contractor(s) shall ensure any injured persons are treated and assess what has spilled/ leaked;

Should the accidents/ incidents generate serious environmental pollution (e.g. spillage / leakage of toxic or chemicals, large scale spillage / leakage, or spillage / leakage into the nearby water bodies, the Contractor shall immediately inform PMU3;

In such cases, the Contractor(s) shall take immediate action to stop the spillage / leakage and divert the spilled / leaked liquid to nearby non-sensitive areas;

The Contractor(s) shall arrange maintenance staff with appropriate protective clothing to clean up the chemicals/chemical waste. This may be achieved through soaking with sawdust (if the quantity of spillage/leakage is small), or sand bags (if the quantity is large);

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byand/or using a shovel to remove the topsoil (if the spillage/leakage occurs on bare ground); and

Depending on the nature and extent of the chemical spill, evacuation of the activity site may be necessary;

Spilled chemicals must not be flushed to local surface drainage systems. Instead, sawdust or sandbags used for clean-up and removed contaminated soil shall be disposed of by following the procedures for chemical waste handling and disposal already described;

- The Contractor(s) shall prepare a report on the incident detailing the accident, clean up actions taken, any pollution problems and suggested measures to prevent similar accidents from happening again in future. The incident report shall then be submitted to the Supervision Engineer and PMU3 for review and keep in the records. The incident report shall also be submitted to DONRE, if required.

5. Water pollution - The Contractors are responsible for controlling surface water quality when discharging it out of construction sites, in accordance with QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT and QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT;

- Store used and unused oil and petrol on impermeable grounds covered with roofs, with warning (flammable and danger) signs, and contained within surrounding fences for easy control and collection in case of leakage. Locate oil and petrol storage areas at least 25m from any

- QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on domestic wastewater;

- QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT: National technical regulation on surface water;

- QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT: National technical


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by

ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams. Restrict accessibility to these temporary storages to only authorized persons;

- Perform concrete mixing on impermeable ground only, at least 20m far from any water sources. Collect wastes and wastewater containing cement at sedimentation traps and drainage ditches regularly to limit number of solids entering receptors;

- Maintain vehicles and replace oil at designated workshops only. Do not perform these activities at sites;

- Collect and keep used/waste oil and materials polluted with oil/chemicals in containers, store in safe places (on impermeable grounds, roofed, fenced and with warning signs) for regular collection by licensed dealers;

- Carry out concrete mixing on impermeable grounds only. Collect wastes and wastewater containing cement at the sedimentation traps and drainage ditches regularly to limit number of solids entering receptors;

- Provide sedimentation pits and ditches at big construction sites;

- Provide appropriate toilets for the workers;- Avoid carrying out excavation and backfilling in

rainy weather;- Collect and transport materials and wastes

generated during excavation and backfilling materials to designated sites for reuse or final

regulation on industrial wastewater;

- WB's EHS standard

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by

disposal as soon as possible;- Collect and transport excavated soil out of

construction sites within 24 hours. Dredged materials must be transported away from temporary disposal sites as soon as they are dry sufficiently;

- Maintain vehicles and equipment, including oil replacement or lubrication, at designated areas only. Ensure that no chemicals, petrol, oil, or grease are leaked into the soil, drains or water sources. Use trays to hold rags and materials used in maintenance. Collect and dispose wastes in accordance with hazardous waste management requirements.

6. Impacts on Biological

- The Contractor shall prepare a Clearance, Re-vegetation and Restoration Management Plan.

- Avoid disturbances and damage to the existing vegetation and green trees.

- Do not load materials and wastes at places having vegetation cover. Load them on barren land instead;

- If trees can be replanted somewhere, move them instead of cutting the trees down;

- If any invasive species are found during construction phase, burn them before disposed of to prevent them from regrowing at disposal site;

- Chemicals must not be used to clear vegetation;- Minimise the areas disturbed, especially in

locations having trees or vegetation; Determine areas to be undisturbed for protection during

- Environment Protection Law 55/2014/QH13


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by

construction.- Do not remove or damage the vegetation without

direct instructions.- Do not hurt, trap, feed or harm any animal -

including birds, frogs, snakes, etc.- Do not cut trees outside the approved construction

area for any reason - Do not buy any wildlife for food;- Birds and animals must not be kept in cages in

camps- No collection of firewood.- Do not burn litter that damages vegetation.- Limit disturbances to areas with construction

operations, especially in locations covered with green trees or vegetation.

- Do not gather materials and wastes at places covered with vegetation or with green trees, but on vacant land instead.

- Trees cannot be cut down unless explicitly authorized in the vegetation clearing plan.

- When needed, temporary protective fencing will be erected to efficiently protect the preserved trees before commencement of any works within the site.

- The Contractor shall ensure that no hunting, trapping, shooting, poisoning of fauna takes place.

7. Impacts on urban landscape and beauty

- Place the signboard “Sorry to disturb” at the construction sites located in popular areas;

- Keep the disturbed areas to be minimal; re-

- Law on environmental protection No. 55/2014/QH13


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establish vegetation covers as soon as construction is completed;

- All facilities are maintained in neat and tidy conditions and the sites shall be kept free of litter;

- Fence the construction sites with solid materials if the construction sites are exposed to sensitive sites or exposed to tourist areas;

- Do not load construction materials or wastes within 10 m from the gates of any public buildings or cultural structures such as government offices, temples, schools, etc.;

- Collect and transport excavated materials and construction wastes to the disposal sites within 24 hours;

- Clean up the construction sites daily if the sites are located in populated areas;

- Wash vehicles periodically to prevent dust dispersion onto roads.

- TCVN 4447:1987 Construction regulation

- Circular No. 22/2010/TT-BXD on construction safety

8. Sedimentation, erosion, flooding, subsidence

Management of Flooding Risks- Periodically and thoroughly remove soils, stones

and wastes from drainage sewers and ditches inside and around the construction site.

- Neatly gather materials and wastes so as to limit them being swept away by stormwater.

- Carry out ground levelling and rolling after discarding materials at disposal sites.

- Install supports to protect the walls where excavation is deeper than 2 m.

- Check the existing drains within and surrounding the construction sites, improve before levelling to

- TCVN 4447:1987: Earthwork – construction scope

- Circular No.22/2010/TT-BXD on construction safety

- QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT – National technical regulation on surface water quality;


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byensure rainwater can be drained properly;

- Load construction material and wastes at least 10 m from any existing drainage ditches or water sources to minimise materials from entering the channels which may lead to sedimentation and blockage;

- Clean up the existing drains regularly.Sedimentation Control- Transport the waste out of the site within the

shortest time possible but this operation should not last more than 2 days;

- Install and maintain sedimentation traps within and/or surrounding centralised construction sites. Remove the soil, stone and waste periodically from the traps to maintain their functions;

- Gather the materials and waste neatly to limit the amount of materials being swept away by stormwater;

- Carry out levelling and rolling after waste disposal at the disposal sites in order to minimise erosion;

- Use Larsen sheet piles for protecting the walls/slopes when excavation is deeper than 2.5m. Reinforcing piles must be checked and maintained to ensure stability of excavated trenches and holes;

- Levelling the disturbed areas to prevent erosion;- Strictly avoid disturbance or damages to the

existing vegetation and trees. Measures to Control Subsidence- Limit disturbances to construction areas,

especially in locations currently with green trees or vegetation;

- Use Larsen sheet piles for building prop walls

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bywhen excavation is performed to a depth of 2.5m and more;

- Reinforce weak slopes and protect them with sandbags when there are high risks of erosion and landslides or in case of visible gully erosion.

9. Traffic management

- Install and maintain sign boards, fences, signal lights to direct traffic to ensure traffic safety. Ensure adequate lighting at night time;

- Install water traffic safety warning float in areas where bridges, culverts and embankments are built.

- Only use vehicles with valid registration. Trucks must be covered to prevent materials from dropping along the routes to cause dusts and accidents; Arrange and provide separate passageway with safe and easy access for pedestrian and for people with disability and mobility issues especially the areas in proximity of schools, including easy wheel chair access and hand rail. Make staff available any time for helping people with disability if needed.

- Set up traffic and maintain instruction signs and warnings to secure safety for people and means of transport during construction.

- Put speed limit signs at a distance of 200m from the construction site.

- Carefully cover materials on trucks. Do not load to a height of 10cm higher than the truck body so as not to spill out and scatter materials onto roads, giving rise to dust and endangering road users. Collect spilt soils and materials at the construction

- Law on traffic and transport No. 23/2008/QH12;

- Decree 46/2016/ND-CP on administrative penalty for traffic safety violation

- Law on construction No. 50/2014/QH13;

- Circular No. 22/2010/TT-BXD on regulation on labor safety in construction


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site each day to avoid slippery incidents for vehicles.

- Do not park vehicles in the roads longer than necessary. Do not allow construction vehicles and materials to encroach upon the pavements.

- Water the roads to prevent dust, limit the speed of traveling trucks, do not allow flared horns, and do not dispose the waste and wastewater onto areas near office areas of the existing universities under UD.

- Install night lighting of all construction sites.- Significant increases in number of vehicle trips

must be covered in a construction plan previously approved. Routing, especially of heavy vehicles, needs to take into account sensitive sites such as schools, hospitals, and markets.

- Installation of lighting at night must be done, if necessary, to ensure safe traffic diversion.

- Avoid material transportation for construction during rush hours.

10. Impacts on existing infrastructure and services

- Planned and unplanned interruptions to water, gas, power, internet services: the Contractor must undertake prior consultation and contingency planning with local authorities about the consequences of a particular service failure or disconnection.

- Coordinate with relevant utility providers to establish appropriate construction schedules.

- Provide information to affected households on working schedules as well as planned disruptions

- Decree No. 167/2013/ND-CP on administrative penalty for violations related to social security, order and safety issues


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(at least 5 days in advance).- The contractor should ensure alternative water

supply to affected residents in the event of disruptions lasting more than one day.

- Any damages to existing utility systems of cable shall be reported to authorities and repaired as soon as possible.

11. Social impacts - Conduct temporary residence for workers with local authorities;

- Inform the community of commencement date 02 weeks in advance. In case of water and power outage for construction, affected will be notified 02 days in advance by the PMU3.

- Limit construction activities at night. If construction at night is unavoidable or interruption to service supply (water and power cut-off), the community must be informed at least 02 days in advance and the information will be repeated 1 day.

- Place planks on constructed ditches which was completed but not reinstated for travelling along the construction route.

- Use local labors to implement simple jobs. Training on environmental sanitation, safety and health of workers before assigning jobs. Nonlocal workers must be introduced with custom, traditions in the area to avoid community conflicts.

- Prepare conducts codes and request workers to comply with:



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- Use PPE during working period- Only smoke in regulated areas- The following activities will be banned: - Storing and using weapons and poisons- Cutting trees outside the construction area,

burning fire, burning waste and plants after clearing (except for invasive plants, but there must be agreed by the Environmental Specialist in the supervision consulting team and PMU)

- Using alcohol in working period- Fighting - Participating in gambling and social evils such as

drugs, prostitution- Littering waste - Operate vehicles, motorbike and construction

means without tasks assigned.- Maintenance of vehicles, construction machines

and equipment outside the permitted area;Child labor and forced labor:- The minimum age of subproject workers eligible

for any jobs provided by Son La subproject (including construction works) is 18

- The contractor shall not employ child labor and forced labor, which consists of any work or service, not voluntarily performed, that is exacted from an individual under threat of force or penalty, and includes any kind of involuntary or compulsory labor, such as indentured labor, bonded labor or similar labor-contracting

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arrangements- To prevent the participation of underage workers,

all contracts must integrate the provisions on worker’s age commitment, including penalties for non-compliance. The contractor shall maintain a list of contracted workers with their age.

Gender equality:- Jobs of workers under Son La city will be based

on the gender equality and will have no discrimation for any gender-related employment, recruitment, conditions for recruitment (including jobs, salary and benefits), termination and access to training courses.

- In order to address the risk of excluding vulnerable groups (such as women and people with disabilities) from employment opportunities, the Contractors are required to recruit such groups as part of unskilled employees.

- Contractors will be required to comply with the National Law on gender equality in the workplace, which includes adequate and appropriate maternity and nursing leave; and restrooms and toilets must be separate from men and women.

- Contractors will also be requested to address potential sexual exploitation or harassment issues in recruiting or keeping skilled or unskilled female workers for supporting the subproject.

12. Control of impacts on physical cultural resources

If the Contractor discovers archeological sites, historical sites, remains and objects, including graveyards and/or individual graves during excavation or construction, the Contractor shall:

- Law on Cultural Heritage (2002)

- Law on Cultural Heritage


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by- Stop the construction activities in the area of the

chance find;- Delineate the discovered site or area;- Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of

removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be arranged until the responsible local authorities or the Department of Culture, Sport and Tourism takes over;

- Notify the Construction Supervision Consultant who in turn will notify responsible local or national authorities in charge of the Cultural Property of Viet Nam (within 24 hours or less);

- Relevant local or national authorities would be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on subsequent appropriate procedures. This would require a preliminary evaluation of the findings to be performed. The significance and importance of the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage; those include the aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values;

- Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken by the responsible authorities. This could include changes in the layout (such as when finding an irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage;

- If the cultural sites and/or relics are of high value and site preservation is recommended by the professionals and required by the cultural relics authority, the subproject’s Owner will need to

(2009) for supplementary and reformation

- Decree No. 98/2010/ND-CP for supplementary and reformation

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bymake necessary design changes to accommodate the request and preserve the site;

- Decisions concerning the management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by relevant authorities;

- Construction works could resume only after permission is granted from the responsible local authorities concerning safeguard of the heritage.

13. Community’s safety and health

- The Contractor will have to conform to regulations in Circular No. 04/2017/TT-BXD by the Ministry of Construction on safety in construction.

- The subproject owner and contractor are to cooperate closely with the local government in performing effective community sanitation in case of epidemic symptoms breaking out in the area.

- The subproject owner coordinates with the contractor to propagate to the people and workers in the area to maintain personal hygiene, ensure food hygiene and safety, collect waste water ... to prevent other potentially infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, dengue fever, Ecoli infection ...

- Subproject owner coordinates with relevant units to train the fire prevention and fighting, equip fire protection equipment in the worker camps, warehouses.

- The Subproject owner and contractor are to cooperate with local authorities in preventing and fighting against social evils.

- Do not disturb or cause trouble to community- Fence of excavation pits and open channels and

- Circular No. 22/2010/TT-BXD on construction safety

- Directive No.02 /2008/CT-BXD on safeguards and sanitation in construction units

- TCVN 5308-91: Technical regulation on safety in construction

- Decision No 96/2008/QD-TTg on clearance of UXOs


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make off with luminous cordon and warning signs. Provide sufficient lighting when carry out construction at night.

- Limit the speed of transport means to 20km/h within 200m from the construction site so as to minimize dust and noise.

- Keep noise-generating machines and vehicles at such suitable distances that noise transmitted to residential areas will not be higher than 70dBA.

- Use static compacting when the road base is constructed near areas with many households and weak temporary works to restrict vibration.

- The subproject will cooperate with the local health agency in developing and implementing plans for control of diseases among workers.

Basic protective measures against COVID-191. Health care settings Minimize Chance of Exposure (to staff, other patients and visitors)- Upon arrival, make sure patients with symptoms

of any respiratory infection to a separate, isolated and well-ventilated section of the health care facility to wait, and issue a facemask

- During the visit, make sure all patients adhere to respiratory hygiene, cough etiquette, hand hygiene and isolation procedures. Provide oral instructions on registration and ongoing reminders with the use of simple signs with images in local languages

- Provide alcohol-based hand sanitizer (60-95% alcohol), tissues and facemasks in waiting rooms

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and patient rooms- Isolate patients as much as possible. If separate

rooms are not available, separate all patients by curtains. Only place together in the same room patients who are all definitively infected with COVID-19. No other patients can be placed in the same room.

Adhere to Standard Precautions- Train all staff and volunteers to undertake standard

precautions - assume everyone is potentially infected and behave accordingly

- Minimize contact between patients and other persons in the facility: health care professionals should be the only persons having contact with patients and this should be restricted to essential personnel only

- A decision to stop isolation precautions should be made on a case-by-case basis, in conjunction with local health authorities.

Training of Personnel- Train all staff and volunteers in the symptoms of

COVID-19, how it is spread and how to protect themselves. Train on correct use and disposal of personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, gowns, facemasks, eye protection and respirators (if available) and check that they understand

- Train cleaning staff on most effective process for cleaning the facility: use a high-alcohol based cleaner to wipe down all surfaces; wash instruments with soap and water and then wipe

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down with high-alcohol based cleaner; dispose of rubbish by burning etc.

Manage Visitor Access and Movement- Establish procedures for managing, monitoring,

and training visitors- All visitors must follow respiratory hygiene

precautions while in the common areas of the facility, otherwise they should be removed

- Restrict visitors from entering rooms of known or suspected cases of COVID-19 patients Alternative communications should be encouraged, for example by use of mobile phones. Exceptions only for end-of-life situation and children requiring emotional care. At these times, PPE should be used by visitors.

- All visitors should be scheduled and controlled, and once inside the facility, instructed to limit their movement.

- Visitors should be asked to watch out for symptoms and report signs of acute illness for at least 14 days.

2. Construction settings in areas of confirmed cases of covid-19 Minimize Chance of Exposure- Any worker showing symptoms of respiratory

illness (fever + cold or cough) and has potentially been exposed to COVID-19 should be immediately removed from the site and tested for the virus at the nearest local hospital

- Close co-workers and those sharing

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accommodations with such a worker should also be removed from the site and tested

- Subproject management must identify the closest hospital that has testing facilities in place, refer workers, and pay for the test if it is not free

- Persons under investigation for COVID-19 should not return to work at the subproject site until cleared by test results. During this time, they should continue to be paid daily wages

- If a worker is found to have COVID-19, wages should continue to be paid during the worker’s convalescence (whether at home or in a hospital)

- If subroject workers live at home, any worker with a family member who has a confirmed or suspected case of COVID-19 should be quarantined from the subproject site for 14 days, and continued to be paid daily wages, even if they have no symptoms.

Training of Staff and Precautions- Train all staff in the signs and symptoms of

COVID-19, how it is spread, how to protect themselves and the need to be tested if they have symptoms. Allow Q&A and dispel any myths.

- Use existing grievance procedures to encourage reporting of co-workers if they show outward symptoms, such as ongoing and severe coughing with fever, and do not voluntarily submit to testing

- Supply face masks and other relevant PPE to all subproject workers at the entrance to the subproject site. Any persons with signs of respiratory illness that is not accompanied by

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fever should be mandated to wear a face mask- Provide handwash facilities, hand soap, alcohol-

based hand sanitizer and mandate their use on entry and exit of the subproject site and during breaks, via the use of simple signs with images in local languages

- Train all workers in respiratory hygiene, cough etiquette and hand hygiene using demonstrations and participatory methods

- Train cleaning staff in effective cleaning procedures and disposal of rubbish

Managing Access and Spread- Should a case of COVID-19 be confirmed in a

worker on the subproject site, visitors should be restricted from the site and worker groups should be isolated from each other as much as possible;

- Extensive cleaning procedures with high-alcohol content cleaners should be undertaken in the area of the site where the worker was present, prior to any further work being undertaken in that area.

14. Workers’ health safety

- Provide training in EHS to workers for raising their awareness of infectious diseases especially HIV/AIDS and Covid - 19 within 2 weeks prior to the commencement of packages for construction items lasting at least 6 months.

- Provide training in first-aid skill and first-aid kit to workers and site engineer

- Regularly exam worker’s health to ensure occupational health

- Provide workers with PPE such as masks, gloves,

- Circular No. 04/2017 / TT-BXD on construction safety regulations

- Directive No. 02/2008/CT-BXD on labour safety and sanitation in construction agencies;

- QCVN 18:2014/BXD: Technical regulation on safety in construction


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helmets, shoes/boots, goggles, safety belt, etc. and enforce wearing during working especially working at heights and in dangerous areas.

- Limit or avoid working in extreme weather conditions, e.g. too hot, heavy rain, strong wind, and dense fog.

- Provision of proper eye protection such as welder goggles and/or a full-face eye shield for all personnel involved in, or assisting, welding operations. Additional methods may include the use of welding barrier screens around the specific work station (a solid piece of light metal, canvas, or plywood designed to block welding light from others). Devices to extract and remove noxious fumes at the source may also be required.

- Special hot work and fire prevention precautions and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) should be implemented if welding or hot cutting is undertaken outside established welding work stations, including ‘Hot Work Permits, stand-by fire extinguishers, stand-by fire watch, and maintaining the fire watch for up to one hour after welding or hot cutting has terminated. Special procedures are required for hot work on tanks or vessels that have contained flammable materials.

- Safely install power lines at offices and in construction sites and do not lay connectors on the ground or water surface. Electric wires must be with plugs. Place outdoor electric panels in protection cabinets.

- Provide sufficient lighting when carrying out

- Decision No. 96/2008 / QD-TTg on clearing bombs and mines

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construction activities at night.- Locate noise-generating sources and concrete

mixing plants far enough from and downwind of residential areas and camps.

- Store fuels and chemicals in areas with impermeable ground, roofs, surrounding banks, and warning signs at least 50 m far from and downwind of residential areas and the camps.

- Provide training in fire-fighting to workers and fire-extinguishers for the camps.

- Prepare an emergency plan for chemical/fuel spill incident risk before construction begins.

- Provide the camps with sufficient supplies of clean water, power, and sanitary facilities. There must be at least one toilet compartment for every 25 workers, with separate toilets for males and females. Workers’ beds must be provided with mosquito nets so as to prevent dengue fever. Temporary tents will be unacceptable.

- Clean camps, kitchens, baths, and toilets and sanitize regularly, and keep good sanitation. Provide dustbins and collect wastes daily from the camps. Clear drainage ditches around the camps periodically.

- Stop all construction activities during rains and storms, or upon accidents or serious incidents.

15. Management of Stockpiles, Quarries and Borrow Pit

General mitigations- All locations must be identified in accordance with

technical specifications. Sensitive areas such as nature reserve, landscape areas and areas near the

- - Contractor - PMU3, CSC, IEMC

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receiving sources or other areas near the water sources. Open ditch shall be built around the stockpile site to intercept wastewater.

- Wall around the disposal site must be built.- The use of additional areas for storage, gathering

or material exploitation for the construction must be approved in advance by construction engineers.

- When landowners are affected when their land use for stockpiling, or material exploitation, these owners must be included in the subproject’s resettlement plan.

- If access road to the site is required, it must be included in the environmental assessment.

Minimize risks from the material sources:- The main suppliers must produce a license to

exploit and transport materials.- Give priority to recruiting local labor.- Materials must be tested before construction.- Do not purchase materials from Suppliers that do

not have a approval environmental license.

16. Communication to local community

- Maintain open communications with the local government and concerned communities; the contractor shall coordinate with local authorities (leaders of local wards or communes, leader of villages) for agreed schedules of construction activities at areas nearby sensitive places or at sensitive times (e.g., religious festival days).

- Copies in Vietnamese of this ESCOP and of other relevant environmental safeguard documents shall be made available to local communities and to



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workers at the site.- Reduced playground space, loss of playing fields

and car parking: The loss of amenities during the construction process is often an unavoidable source of inconvenience to users in sensitive areas. However, early consultation with those affected, provides the opportunity to investigate and implement alternatives.

- Disseminate subproject information to affected parties (for example local authority, enterprises and affected households, etc.) through community meetings before construction commencement.

- Provide a community relations contact from whom interested parties can receive information on site activities, subproject status and subproject implementation results.

- Provide all information, especially technical findings, in a language that is understandable to the general public and in a form of useful to interested citizens and elected officials through the preparation of fact sheets and news release, when major findings become available during subproject implementation phase.

- Monitor community concerns and information requirements as the subproject progresses.

- Respond to telephone inquiries and written correspondence in a timely and accurate manner.

- Inform local residents about construction and work schedules, interruption of services, traffic detour routes and provisional bus routes, blasting and demolition, as appropriate.

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- Limit construction activities at night. When necessary ensure that night work is carefully scheduled and the community is properly informed so they can take necessary measures.

- At least five days in advance of any service interruption (including water, electricity, telephone, bus routes) the community must be advised through postings at the subproject site, at bus stops, and in affected homes/businesses.

- Provide technical documents and drawings to local authority and community, especially a sketch of the construction area and the ESMP of the construction site.

- Notification boards shall be erected at all construction sites providing information about the subproject, as well as contact information about the site managers, environmental staffs, health and safety staffs, telephone numbers and other contact information so that any affected people can have the channel to voice their concerns and suggestions

Workers and Workforce Management

A concern during construction phase of the subproject is the potentially negative impacts of the workforce interactions with the local communities. For that reason, a Code of Conduct shall be established to outline the importance of appropriate behavior, alcohol abuse, and compliance with relevant laws and regulations. Each employee shall be informed of the Code of Conduct and bound by it while in the employment of the Client or its Contractors. The Code of Conduct shall be available to local communities at the subproject information centers or other place easily accessible to the communities.

The Contractor is responsible for providing appropriate training to all staff according to their level of responsibility for environmental, health and safety matters.

The Code of Conduct shall address the following measures (but not limited to them):

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La province- All of the workforce shall abide by the laws and regulations of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam;

- Illegal substances, weapons and firearms shall be prohibited;

- Pornographic material and gambling shall be prohibited;

- Fighting (physical or verbal) shall be prohibited;

- Creating nuisances and disturbances in or near communities shall be prohibited;

- Disrespecting local customs and traditions shall be prohibited;

- Smoking shall only be allowed in designated areas;

- Maintenance of appropriate standards of dress and personal hygiene;

- Maintenance of appropriate standards hygiene in their accommodation quarters;

- Residing camp workforce visiting the local communities shall behave in a manner consistent with the Code of Conduct; and

- Failure to comply with the Code of Conduct, or the rules, regulations, and procedures implemented at the construction camp will result in disciplinary actions.

Prohibitions. The following activities are prohibited on or near the subproject site:

- Cutting of trees for any reason outside the approved construction area;

- Hunting, fishing, wildlife capture, or plant collection;

- Buying of wild animals for food;

- Use of unapproved toxic materials, including lead-based paints, asbestos, etc.;

- Disturbance to anything with architectural or historical value;

- Building of fires;

- Use of firearms (except authorized security guards);

- Use of alcohol by workers during working hours;

- Gambling should be strictly forbidden.

- Washing cars or machinery in streams or creeks;

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La province- Doing maintenance (change of oils and filters) of cars and equipment outside authorized areas:

- Disposing trash in unauthorized places;

- Driving in an unsafe manner in local roads;

- Having caged wild animals (especially birds) in camps;

- Working without safety equipment (including boots and helmets);

- Creating nuisances and disturbances in or near communities;

- The use of rivers and streams for washing clothes;

- Indiscriminate disposal of rubbish or construction wastes or rubble;

- Littering the site;

- Spillage of potential pollutants, such as petroleum products;

- Collection of firewood;

- Poaching of any description;

- Explosive and chemical fishing;

- Latrine outside the designated facilities; and

- Burning of wastes and/or cleared vegetation.

Security. Some security measures shall be put into place to ensure the safe and secure running of the camp and its residents. Some of these security measures include:

- The list of workers must be registered to local authorities in accordance with existing Vietnamese regulations

- Children under 14 years of age will hot hired under the subproject

- Adequate, day-time night-time lighting shall be provided;

- Control of camp access. Access to the camp shall be limited to the residing workforce, construction camp employees, and those visiting personnel on business purposes;

- Prior approval from the construction camp manager for visitor’s access to the construction camp;

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La province- A perimeter security fence at least 2m in height constructed from appropriate materials;

- Provision and installation in all buildings of firefighting equipment and portable fires extinguishers.

- Any construction worker, office staff, Contractor’s employees or any other person related to the subproject found violating theses prohibitions will be subject to disciplinary actions that can range from a simple reprimand to termination of his/her employment depending on the seriousness of the violation.

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5.1.3.2. Specific mitigation measures in the construction phase

Depending on the scope of work and type of auxiliary items of each bid package, the Contractors will be required to comply with the specific requirements described below. The IEMC, CSC and PMU3 shall monitor the Contractor’s compliance.

Mitigation measures of specific impacts for each construction area are presented in the Table59 below.

Table 59: Mitigation measures of site-specific impacts during the construction phase

Site-specific impacts Mitigation measures Implemen

tationSupervisi

on

1) Impacts on water environment in the area of Ban Sang bridge and Ban Hom 1 bridge

- Create sedimentation traps and maintain them periodically to ensure that most solids in surface runoff are retained in the traps before entering the existing drains or water sources surrounding the sites;

- Leachate from sediments must be first deposited in sedimentation hole/trap before entering the river.

- Strictly prohibit contractors to discharge waste into river

- Collection of redundancy material on site is implemented daily. Upon forecasted stormy weather, suspend all the construction activities, tidy up the sites, brace and protect the materials and construction machines.

- Do not gather construction materials as well as machinery and equipment near the river and stream. Gathering small quantities of materials fit with the schedule. Materials must be covered with tarpaulin, avoiding the upwind location, near the canal.

- Strictly prevent hazardous waste, waste oils or particularly greasy rags from entering the flow.

- Comply with QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, QCVN 18:2014/BXD.

Contractor PMU3, CSC, IEMC

2) Impacts on agricultural productionActivities of planting industrial crops, fruit trees, cultivation, and planting crops along the road

- Informing the community of the construction schedule at least two weeks before the construction.

- Arrange drainage around the construction sites to prevent soil erosion and sedimentation into the production area and irrigation canals.

- Regularly check the affected on-field irrigation canals to ensure they are not blocked by construction spoil or waste and if they are affected, provide alternative irrigation water from canals to the locations the local people request.

- Immediately rehabilitate irrigation canals if they are damaged by construction activities to ensure that water supply for the rice fields is maintained.

- Closely consult with the local community to ensure that suitable solutions to problems are


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tationSupervisi

on

taken and communities’ concerns related to construction activities are addressed.

3) Impacts on groundwater quality

Construction area of Ban Hom 1 and Ban Sang bridges.

- Inform the community about the construction progress at least two weeks before construction.

- Do not carry out the construction on rainy days or adverse weather.- Carry out the drilling of piles and

abutments in the dry season.- Collect the amount of bentonite after

drilling bridge abutments and piers.- Clean the construction site surface.

- Comply with QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT, QCVN 18:2014/BXD.


4) Business interruptionBusiness households near the intersections of the beginning point and end point of route, intersection with NH4G

- Inform the street household businesses of the construction activities and their potential impacts such, waste, dust, and noise, traffic, and construction schedule at least 02 weeks before start of the construction.

- Provide safe and easy access to the household businesses putting clean and strong thick wood panels or steel plates over the open ditches or manholes.

- Do not use machines generating loud noise and high vibration levels near the household businesses.

- Spray sufficient water to suppress dust during dry and windy days at least three times a day at site that is near household businesses.

- Deploy staff to guide the traffic during construction during transportation, loading and unloading of construction materials and wastes, and to guard high risk operations.

- Cleaning up construction areas at the end of the day, especially construction areas in front of business shops.

- Manage the worker force to any avoid the conflict with the local people and household businesses.

- Compensate goods, products damaged by construction activities of the subproject.

- Immediately address any issue/problem caused by the construction activities and raised by the local household businesses.

- In coordination with local authorities, propose alternative location for street vendors, satisfactory to them, during the construction period;

- Follow-up impacts on street vendors livelihood, and propose mitigation measures if livelihoods


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tationSupervisi

on

are affected.

5) Risk of soil erosion and landslides in the slope area

17 positions of the slopes with a total length of 725m.Bridge and sewer areas

- Before excavation and backfilling of bridge and culverts, areas with weak foundation, it need to be reinforced embankment. The construction methods must be proposed and submitted to competent agencies before construction.

- Use construction methods suitable to each work.- Closely monitor the vibration- Construction of works with the slope to be

suitable with the terrain- Construction of retaining walls at appropriate

locations- Do not conduct excavation and embankment in

rainy season.- Do not place heavy machines and equipment near

river and stream. Check and inspect the risk of subsidence regularly to prepare suitable strengthening plans.

- The monitoring consultant and contractor must be regularly present in the construction site to reduce the risk of erosion and subsidence and appropriate mitigation measures should be taken.

- Compliance with QCVN 18:2014/BXD.


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5.1.3.3. Measures to minimize impacts on sensitive works in the construction phase

The mitigation measures for sensitive objects are shown in the Table below

Table 60: Mitigation measures for sensitive objects affected by the subproject

Sensitive structures / areas Impacts Specific mitigation measures Responsibility for implementation

Responsibility of monitoring

The starting point of the route and the intersection

with Highway 6 at Km298 + 950

- Dust, exhaust, noise and vibration affect the surrounding people.- Affect the regional landscape.- Risk of traffic accident.- Traffic jams and disruptions.- Affect the travel and trade of people living near the area and other areas.- Community conflict.

- Minimize the number of trucks leaving the construction sites during peak hours.- Arrange staff to control and direct traffic in this area at peak hours during construction phase (7:00 - 7:30 am; 11:00 - 11:30 am; 01:00 - 01:30 pm; 04:30 - 05:30 pm)- Install speed limit sign board and reflective barriers along the area crossing the school- Spray / water the construction area within 100 m from the site at least three times in a hot and dry day. - Collect waste on site twice a day to ensure aesthetics and prevent accident risks.- It is necessary to arrange corrugated iron fence to minimize the amount of dust affecting the neighboring residential areas.


Intersection with NH4G at Km292 + 172

- Dust, exhaust, noise and vibration affect the surrounding people.- Affect the regional landscape.- Risk of traffic accident.- Affect the travel and trade of people living near the area and other areas.- Community conflict.

- Minimize the number of trucks leaving the construction sites during peak hours.- Arrange staff to control and direct traffic in this area at peak hours during construction phase (7:00 - 7:30 am; 11:00 - 11:30 am; 01:00 - 01:30 pm; 04:30 - 05:30 pm)- Install speed limit sign board and reflective barriers along the area crossing the school- Spray / water the construction area within 100 m from the site at least three times in a hot and dry day. - Collect waste on site twice a day to ensure aesthetics and


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prevent accident risks.- It is necessary to arrange corrugated iron fence to minimize the amount of dust affecting the neighboring residential areas.

Ban Mong hot spring tourism area, located near the

intersection of Ban Sang bridge at Km298 + 775

- Obstruct tourists' access to the area.- Community conflict.- Affect economic, income sources of households in the tourism area.

- Arrange temporary road to easily access to the tourist area.- Install sign board and speed limit signs when passing the construction area.- Spray / water the construction area within 100 m from the site at least three times on a hot and dry day.- Collect waste on site twice a day to ensure aesthetics and prevent accident risks.


Chieng Co Primary School, located near the intersection

of Ban Hom 1 bridge at Km306 + 930

- Dust, exhaust, noise, and vibration affect students' learning and extracurricular activities.- Traffic jam, traffic accident.- Obstruct access of parents, students and teachers to the school.- Community conflict

- Arrange construction schedule before or after school hour to avoid noise, vibration and traffic disturbance in the school area.- Minimize the number of trucks leaving the construction sites during peak hours.- Arrange staff to control and direct traffic in this area at peak hours during construction phase (7:00 - 7:30 am; 11:00 - 11:30 am; 01:00 - 01:30 pm; 04:30 - 05:30 pm)- Install speed limit sign board and reflective barriers along the area crossing the school- Spray / water the construction area within 100 m from the site at least three times on a hot and dry day.


Chieng Co Secondary School, located near the

intersection of Ban Hom 1

- Dust, exhaust, noise, and vibration affect students' learning and extracurricular

- Arrange construction schedule before or after school hour to avoid noise, vibration and traffic disturbance in the school area.


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bridge at Km306 + 930 activities.- Traffic jam, traffic accident.- Obstruct access of parents, students and teachers to the school.- Community conflict

- Minimize the number of trucks leaving the construction sites during peak hours.- Arrange staff to control and direct traffic in this area at peak hours during construction phase (7:00 - 7:30 am; 11:00 - 11:30 am; 01:00 - 01:30 pm; 04:30 - 05:30 pm)- Install speed limit sign board and reflective barriers along the area crossing the school- Spray / water the construction area within 100 m from the site at least three times on a hot and dry day.

Chieng Co wholesale market, located on the road to Chieng

Co commune

- Dust, exhaust.- Noise and vibration.- Solid waste.- Traffic jam, traffic accident.- Obstruct people's access to the market area of Chieng Co commune.- Community conflict.- Affect people's trading and exchanging goods.

- Arrange construction schedule to avoid the main operating time of the market.- Minimize the number of trucks leaving the construction sites during peak hours.- Arrange staff to control and direct traffic at the market during the construction time (5h-8h30)- Install speed limit sign board at the market area - Spray / water the transport route when necessary, especially on a hot and dry day.- The truck driver must limit use of horn when moving through the market area. - Closely consult with the local community to ensure that issues and the questions of the people related to construction activities will be resolved. - Compensation for business households if subproject activities disrupt their business activities for a long time- Use the temporary market area (if necessary) to ensure that people's trading activities are not interrupted.


The end point of the route, intersection with Highway 6

- Dust, exhaust, noise and vibration affect the

- Minimize the number of trucks leaving the construction - Contractor - PMU3, CSC,

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at Son La pass area, Km308 + 820

surrounding people.- Affect the regional landscape.- Risk of traffic accident.- Affect the travel and trade of people living near the area and other areas.- Community conflict.

sites during peak hours.- Arrange staff to control and direct traffic in this area at peak hours during construction phase (7:00 - 7:30 am; 11:00 - 11:30 am; 01:00 - 01:30 pm; 04:30 - 05:30 pm)- Install speed limit sign board and reflective barriers along the area crossing the school- Spray / water the construction area within 100 m from the site at least three times on a hot and dry day.- Collect waste on site twice a day to ensure aesthetics and prevent accident risks.- It is necessary to arrange corrugated iron fence to limit the amount of dust affecting the neighboring residential areas.

IEMC

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5.1.4. Mitigation measures during the operation phase

As mentioned in Chapter 4, most of the impacts during the operation phase are positive impacts. There is no specific impacts or impacts on sensitive structures. The following mitigation measures are proposed for general impacts during subproject operation phase.

Table 61: Measures to minimize the overall impact in the operation phase

Site-specific impacts Mitigation measures Implementatio

n Supervision

Dust and emission

- Regularly clear sand and soil on roads, bridges to reduce dust generation;

- Spraying water, washing roads at least once a day in the dry season to minimize dust swept from the surface of bridges/roads;

- Transportation vehicles must be covered to avoid material dropping on roads;

- Vehicles must be registered to meet the requirements issued by the State;

- Plant and maintain trees on both road sides to prevent dust from spreading into people’s houses along the roads

- Operation management unit

- Local government


- Local government

Noise from vehicles

- Training and raising the awareness of traffic participants.

- To arrange suitable speed limit signs in the residential areas.

- To arrange signs to prohibit honking when passing sensitive ares as if.

- Plant and maintain trees on both road sides to prevent noise from spreading into people’s houses along the roads


- Local government


- Competent agencies

Change in ecological land scape and land use purpose

- Improving people knowledge on socio-economic development opportunity and risks related to social issues.

- Coordinate with local authorities in management, migration and use of land on 02 sides of the roads and river.

- Propagandize, raise awareness of people living near the subproject area about the sense of keeping environmental sanitation, ecological landscapes and protection of works.


- Local government


- Local government

Risks and incidents in operation phase

Road safety during operation of road - Improving knowledge of local people on road

use regulations and practices - Monitoring and enforcement of driver speed

and behavior. - When traffic volume is high, generation of

dust, exhausted gases, noise, and vibration could be an additional issue but this could be mitigated through long term planning.

- There are signs of speed restriction when passing through intersections, the area where

- -

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Site-specific impacts Mitigation measures Implementatio

n Supervision

the curve causes potential risk of limiting visibility by fog.

- Arrange convex mirrors in turnings (if necessary).

Risks of landslide and subsidence- To avoid the risk of landslide, in detailed

design, it is necessary to carry out hydrological and geological surveys to ensure sustainable and stable design.

- Regularly check locations at risks of landslide, subsidence (bridge abutments, culvert, tunnel, positions with soft and unstable soil ground).

- Allocate funds for maintenance, carry out periodical maintenance.

- Raise awareness of road users not allowed to carrying overload as stipulated.

- Check the works before, during and after the rainy/storm season to take appropriate corrective measures.

- Coordinate with authorities and people in protection of right of way.

5.1.5. Mitigation of included impacts

Table 62: Mitigation plan of included impacts

Increasing impacts Mitigation measures Implementation Monitoring

A long Son La city bypass

- Planning and division of areas on two sides of the route- Coordinate with local authorities to

disseminate information on infrastructure planning in residential areas, prevent people from self-moving or encroaching corridors.- Dissemiate policies and planning of

provinces and cities to people, avoid land speculation status causing disturbance to the community.- Arrange signs and speed limit signs to

be suitable to the characteristics of the works.- Design appropriate wastewater and

waste collection system after the formation of residential areas and functional subdivisions along 02 sides of the road.

- Management and operation unit

- Local authority

- Management and operation unit

- The competent agencies

5.2. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ESMP IMPLEMENTATION

5.2.1. Implementation arrangement

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceThe tables and figures below summarize the roles and responsibilities of key stakeholders and their relationships in the implementation of environmental protection plan.

Contractors will be responsible for implementing mitigation measures. These measures will be included in bidding documents and their costs are included in construction bid packages;

CSC will be responsible for monitoring the day-to-day implementation of mitigation measures. Related costsare included in the CSC's service contract;

IEMC will be responsible for overall environmental monitoring which includes support to the PMU3 in implementing environmentalsupervision and monitoring, and responsible for reporting on the implementation through monitoring reports.

Figure 12: Diagram of ESMP implementation arrangement

5.2.2. Role and responsibility

Specific responsibility of stakeholders is shown in Table 63 below

Table 63: The role and responsibilities of the main stakeholders

Stakeholder Responsibilities

Directorate for road of Vietnam

Overall responsible for environmental safeguard compliance of the subproject

PMU3 Be responsible for monitoring the overall subproject implementation, including environmental compliance. PMU3 will be responsibile for ESMP implementation and environmental performance of the subproject during the construction and operational phases:- Closely coordinate with local authorities in the participation of the

community during subproject implementation; - Ensure that the detailed design include all environment mitigation

measures proposed in the ESMP; - Monitor and supervise to ensure adequate contents of ESMP are

incorporated into bidding and contractual documents; - Ensure that an environmental management system is set up and

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Son La DONRE

PMU3 DONREWB

IEMC

CommunitiesContractorCSC

PMU3’s Environmental Staff(s) anđSocial Staff(s)


Stakeholder Responsibilities

functions properly; - Report on ESMP implementation to DONRE and the WB.- PMU3 will assign two Social Staffs (SS). One social staff will oversee

and coordinate social/resettlement aspects of the subproject. The second staff will be the focal point for grievances and will also be in charge of relations with the community (i.e. street vendors).

PMU3 Environmental and Social Staff(s) (ES)

Beresponsible for monitoring the implementation of the subproject ESMP. Specifically, ES will be responsible for: - Monitor the incorporation of ESMP into the detailed technical designs

and civil works bidding and contractual documents; - Monitor the incorporation of ESMP and RAP monitoring and

supervision into the TORs, bidding and contractual documents for the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) and other safeguard consultant (IEMC); - Provide inputs to the consultant selection process; - Review reports submitted by the CSC and safeguard consultants; - Conducting periodic site checks; - Propose solutions to handle social and resettlement issues of the

subproject; and - Prepare environmental and social performance section on the progress

and review reports to be submitted to the DONRE and the World Bank.

Contractors

- Assign Enviromental, Social Health and Safety (EHS) staff to monitor contractor’s compliance to ESIA/ESMP.

- Prepare Contractor ESMP (CESMP) for each construction site area, submit to PMU3 and CSC for review and approval before commencement of construction.

- Obtain all permissions for construction (traffic control and diversion, excavation, labor safety, etc. before civil works) following current regulations.

- Implement the mitigation measures specified in the ESMP, CESMP, bidding documents etc.

- Actively communicate with local residents and authorities and take actions to address their ESHS concernsduring construction.

- Ensure that all staff and workers understand the procedure and their tasks in the environmental management program.

- Report to the PMU3 and CSC on any difficulties and their solutions.- Report to PMU3 and CSC if environmental accidents occur and

coordinate with agencies and keys stakeholders to resolve these issues.- Assign a Safety, Social and Environmental Officer (SEO)- Assign a focal point for grievances

Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC)

- Assign qualified Environmental and Social Staff(s) to supervise the implementation of ESMP and ensure compliance

- The CSC will assign a social staff to oversee and coordinate social/resettlement aspects of the subproject;

- Be responsible for routine environmental supervision and reporting during construction phase.

- Assist the PMU3 in reporting and maintaining close coordination with the local community.

- Arrange, implement training on HIV/AIDs awareness raising for all workers, CSC team and PMU3 staff. The cost for this training included in the consulting service contract.

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Stakeholder Responsibilities- Carry out the periodical environmental quality monitoring during

construction period and first-year-operation, prepare periodical environmental monitoring and supervision reports for submission to Vietnamese authorities.

Independent Envionmental Monitoring Consultants (IEMC)

- Provide support to PMU3 to establish and operate an environmental management system, coordinate with the CSC team to provide trainings to the Contractors on subproject environmental management requirements

- Provide trainings, implement capacity building activities for relevant agencies during subproject implementation, carry out random field visits to certify compliance or recommend corrective/improvement actions.

- Prepare monitoring reports after each visit.

Local community - Participate in volunteer community environmental and social monitoring.

Son La DONRE Monitoring compliance with the Government environmental requirements.

District Natural Resources and Environment Division of Son La City and Mai Son district

- Monitor and inspect environmental safety assurance activities in the subproject area

- Check and handle violations.- Guide ward/communal staff in charge of environmental management in

the locality.- Periodically report to the Department of Natural Resources and

Environment on arising environmental issues.Coordinate with stakeholders, participate in research and inspection, and resolve arising environmental incidents.

Environmental police division of Son La province

- Coordinate with relevant departments and agencies to monitor, control and resolve violations to the Environment Law.Handle serious violations, investigate responsibilities of related parties as well as take part in solving serious environmental incidents.

Public utility companies (electricity, water supply, drainage, telecommunications, etc.)

- Coordinate with the PMU3 and the Contractor to carry out relocation of underground works and set up temporary connections at proposed crossings to ensure the continuous provision of basic services for people's lives.Take part in dealing with related incidents (fire and explosion of electric cables, breaks of telecommunication cables, water pipe cracks, etc.

5.3. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE FRAMEWORK

5.3.1. Environmental and Social Responsibility of PMU3 / Detailed Design Consultant

During the preparation of TORs for consulting services and construction bidding documents, the PMU3 will also work closely with the consultants to ensure that: i) contract packaging and cost estimations includes ESMP implementation, including the services on independent safeguard monitoring, environmental sampling/monitoring and compliance supervision, reporting etc.; ii) ESCOPs and relevant common as well as site-specific mitigation measures are incorporated into the bidding documents; iii) environmental supervision and training are included in the scope of works assigned to the construction supervision consultant.

At feasibility study/detail engineering design stage, the PMU3 shall work closely with the feasibility study consultants and detail design engineers to environmental protection solutions and relevant mitigation measures proposed in the ESIA/ESMP are considered and incorporated into the engineering design as appropriate.

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceDuring construction phase, the PMU3 shall work closely with the supervision consultant to monitor the compliance of contractors and report to relevant authorities. The PMU3 will also direct the supervision consultant and contractors on the actions to be undertaken in case when issues are arisen, incidents or accidents etc.

The PMU3 will assign at least one staff with suitable qualifications to be Environmental Officer (EO) and one staff with suitable qualification to be Social Officer (SO) throughout subproject implementation.

- The EO will oversee environmental issues and monitor safeguard compliance of the subproject. The EO will be supported by the Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant, the Environmetnal Officers of the construction supervision team as well as the contractors.

- The SO will oversee and coordinate social/resettlement aspects of the subproject. The SO will be supported by the Independent Resettlement Monitoring Consultant, the social staffs of the construction supervision team/contractors.

5.3.2. Environmental responsibility of the contractor

The contractor firstly shall adhere to minimize the impact that may be result of the subproject construction activities and secondly, apply the mitigation measures under ESMP to prevent harm and nuisances on local communities and environment caused by the impacts in construction and operation phases.

Remedial actions that cannot be effectively carried out during construction should be implemented upon completion of the works (and before issuance of the Works Acceptance Certificates).

The Contractors’ duties include but not limit to:

- Comply with relevant legislative requirements governing the environment, public health and safety;

- Work within the scope of contractual requirements and other tender conditions;

- Organize representatives of the construction team to participate in the joint site inspections undertaken by the Environmental Supervisors (ES) of the CSC;

- Carry out any corrective actions instructed by the Environmental Officer (EO) Social Officer (SO) of the PMU3 and the ES;

- In case of non-compliances/ discrepancies, carry out investigation and submit proposals on mitigation measures, and implement remedial measures to reduce environmental/social impacts;

- Stop construction activities, which generate adverse impacts, upon receiving instructions from the EO and the ES. Propose and implement corrective actions and carry out alternative construction methods, if required, to minimize the environmental impacts; Non-compliance by the Contractor will be cause for suspension of works and other penalties until the non- compliance has been resolved to the satisfaction of the EO and the ES.

- In case the contractor proposes to use source of raw materials that have not been covered in subproject ESIA, the contractor will report to the CSCs and PMU3s and coordinate with them in carrying out due–diligence environmental review of these materials sources to assess their compliance to national environmental requirements. Only complied sources can be used under this subproject.

- The contractor shall be responsible for implementation of corrective measures at his

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costs. The contractor shall also be responsible for paying the costs of damages caused by non- compliance to ESMP and/or applicable environmental regulations.

5.3.3. Contractor's Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP)

After contract signing, the contractor will be required to prepare and submit a contractor’s site- specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) for each contract package and submit to the CSC and PMU3 for review and clearance.

The objective of the Contractor Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) is to provide information for environmental management during the proposed works/activities on site of Son La subproject. This is to ensure that the Contractor (and any subcontractors) have minimal impact on the environment. The CESMP will detail how the contractor will mitigate construction impacts and documents the contractor’s response to inspecting, monitoring, verifying, internal auditing and correcting or improving environmental performance. The CESMP must be site-specific and should include details of control measures that will be implemented on site to minimize any potential environmental impacts from the proposed works/activities. If the proposed works/activities contained within the CESMP are altered during the Contract, the CESMP will be required to be modified by the Contractor to reflect these changes or modifications. The contents of the CESMP should include the followings:

(i) A statement of policy, providing a definition of the Contractor’s environmental policy and an indication of commitment to the execution of its Site Environmental Management Plan.

(ii) A brief document description; Date of issue; Revision status; Distribution list; and preparation personnel details and signoff.

(iii) Applicable laws and regulations associated with the requirements in the subproject ESMP. Identification of the contractor licenses, permits and approval associated with the CESMP.

(v) Details on how the environmental and social impacts identified in the subproject ESIA will be managed on site, including: 1) the site-specific measures to mitigate impacts during construction; 2) ESCOPs; 3) the Contractor ESMP to be developed after the contractor is selected and before construction starts; and 4) the Contractor’s Dredging Management Plan that the contractor is required to develop.

(vii) Detailed environmental and social training that all site contractor personnel (including subcontractors) are required to undertake. As a minimum all contractor personnel working at the subproject sites must: i) be familiar and understand the CESMP for the works; ii) be aware of their environmental responsibilities and legal obligations on site; and iii) undertake health and safety and emergency response training.

(viii) Specific capabilities, support mechanisms and resources necessary to satisfactorily implement the CESMP. Detailed environmental responsibilities of all contractor personnel including subcontractors working on site with appropriate knowledge, skills and training for specific tasks shall be identified.

(ix) The contractor shall be responsible for preparing monthly environmental reports, as a section within the Progress report required in the bidding document, including accidental report if any, for submitting to the subproject owner. The contents of these reports may include following details:

- Implementation of the Contractor’s CESMP complying with the agreed program;

- Any difficulties encountered in the implementation of the CESMP and recommendations for remedying them for the future;

- The number and type of non-compliances and proposed corrective actions;

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- Reports from the Subcontractors involved in the implementation of the CESMP, including minutes of meetings and discussions held by the Contractor;

- Minutes of meeting from discussions held with the subproject owner regarding implementation of the CESMP.

5.3.4. Contractor’s Safety, Social and Environmental Officer (SEO)

The contractor shall be required to appoint competent staff(s)as the Contractor’s on-site safety, social and environment officer (SEO). The SEO must be appropriately trained in environmental management and must possess the skills necessary to transfer environmental management knowledge to all personnel involved in the contract. The SEO will be responsible for monitoring the contractor's compliance with the ESMP requirements and the environmental specifications. The duties of the SEO shall include but not be limited to the following:

- Carry out environmental site inspections to assess and audit the contractors' site practice, equipment and work methodologies with respect to pollution control and adequacy of environmental mitigation measures implemented;

- Monitor compliance with environmental protection measures, pollution prevention and control measures and contractual requirements;

- Monitor the implementation of environmental mitigation measures;

- Prepare audit reports for the site environmental conditions;

- Investigate complaints and recommend any required corrective measures;

- Advise the contractor on environment improvement, awareness and proactive pollution prevention measures;

- Recommend suitable mitigation measures to the contractor in the case of non-compliance. Carry out additional monitoring of noncompliance instructed by the ES of PMU3 and CSC

- Inform the contractor and ES (of PMU3 and CSC) of environmental issues, submit contractor’s ESMP Implementation Plan to the ES of PMU3 and CSC, and relevant authorities, if required;

- Keep detailed records of all site activities that may relate to the environment.

5.3.5. Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC)

An IEMC shall be contracted PMU3 to provide some environmental safeguard training for PMU3 staff and carry out environmental auditing. The IEMC shall carry out the monitoring, including:

- Provide support to PMU3 to establish and operate an environmental management system, coordinate with the CSC team to provide trainings to the Contractors on subproject environmental management requirements

- Provide trainings, implement capacity building activities for relevant agencies during subproject implementation, carry out random field visits to certify compliance or recommend corrective/improvement actions

- Provide training for PMU3 and the CSC, and the representatives of the Contractors on socio-environmental, health and safety issues related to construction;

- Evaluate environmental quality at the areas affected by the construction activities (including site observations, reviewing environmental quality data provided by the CSC, review of other available documents, and supplement sampling if necessary);

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- Review contractor’s environmental compliance including the implementation of mitigation measures and documentation;

- Review PMU3 and CSC compliance to ESMP.

- The IEMC will also provide technical advice and assistance to the PMU3 and the EO in environmental matters.

5.3.6. Environmental Supervision during Construction (CSC)

During construction phase, a qualified CSC reporting to the PMU3 shall carry out the environmental supervision. The CSC will assign environmental and social staff(s), will be responsible for inspecting, and supervising all construction activities to ensure that mitigation measures adopted in the ESMP are properly implemented, and that the negative environmental impacts of the subproject are minimized. The CSC shall engage sufficient number of Environmental Supervision Engineers with adequate knowledge on environmental protection and construction subproject management to perform the required duties and to supervise the Contractor’s performance. Specifically, ES of CSC will:

- Review and assess on behalf of the PMU3 whether the construction design meets the requirements of the mitigation and management measures of the ESMP,

- Review and clear contractor’s SEMP;

- Coordinate with PMU3 Environmental Officer (EO) in reviewing environmental compliance at newly proposed borrow pits and quarries and advise PMU3 on whether these are eligible for use by the subproject;

- Verify and confirm with PMU3 environmental supervision procedures; parameters, monitoring locations, equipment and results;

- Supervise contractor’s implementation of its CESMP including their performance, experience and handling of site environmental issues, and provide corrective instructions;

- Arrange, implement training on HIV/AIDs awareness raising for all workers, CSC team and PMU3 staffs;

- Arrange, implement training on COVID-19 awareness raising for all workers, CSC team and PMU3 staffs;

- Implement the environmental quality sampling and prepare periodical environmental monitoring reports, including reports on ESMP implementation status to the PMU3 and prepare environmental supervision statement during the construction phase; and

- Review payment requests related to environmental mitigation costs if applicable.

5.3.7. Compliance with Legal and Contractual Requirements

The constructions activities shall comply not only with general contractual condition on environmental protection and pollution control requirements, but also with environmental protection and pollution control laws of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

All the works method statements submitted by the Contractor to the ECO for approval to see whether sufficient environmental protection and pollution control measures have been included.

ES shall also review the progress and program of the works to check that relevant environmental laws have not been violated, and that any potential for violating the laws can be prevented.

The Contractor shall copy relevant documents to the SEO and the ES of CSC and PMU3. The

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provincedocument shall at least include the updated work progress report, the updated work measure, and the application letters for different license/permits under the environmental protection laws, and all the valid license/permit. The SEO and the ES shall also have access, upon request, to the Site Log-Book.

After reviewing the documents, the SEO or the ES shall advise the PMU3 and the contractor of any non-compliance with the contractual and legislative requirements on environmental protection and pollution control for them to take follow-up actions. If the SEO or the ES concludes that the status on license/permit application and any environmental protection and pollution control preparation works may not comply with the work measure or may result in potential violation of environmental protection and pollution control requirements, they shall advise the Contractor and the PMU3 accordingly.

5.3.8. Environmental Complaints and Sanction System

In the compliance framework, if non-compliance with the Contractor's ESMP and environmental regulations are discovered by CSC/ES/IEMC/PMU3 during the site supervision, up to 2% values of interim payment of the contractor of this month will be held back. The Contractor will be given a grace period (determined by CSC/PMU3) to repair the violation. If the Contractor satisfactorily performs the repairs within the grace period (confirmed by CSC/PMU3), no penalty is incurred and the upholding money will be paid to the Contractor. However, if the Contractor fails to successfully make the necessary repairs within the grace period, the Contractor will pay the cost for a third party to repair the damages (deduction from keeping money).

In case of IEMC/CSC/PMU3 not detected of non-compliance with environmental regulations of the contractor, they will be responsibility payment to repair the violation.

5.3.9. Reporting

The Project Management Unit 3 (PMU3) is responsible for conducting internal monitoring the implementation of the RP. In addition, the PMU3 will hire an external monitoring agency (EMA) to undertake independent monitoring of the process of RP implementation and to assess living standard of the affected people during and after the completion of the resettlement.

Both internal and external (independent) monitoring will regularly (on a monthly basis for internal and biannual basic for independent monitoring). An end-of-subproject evaluation on the implementation of resettlement is required and report will be prepared to confirm whether the objectives of OP 4.12 were achieved.

ESMP monitoring and reporting requirements are summarized in Table 64 below.

Table 64: Regular reporting requirements

No. Report Prepared by Submitted to Frequency of Reporting

1 Contractor PMU3 Once before construction commences and monthly thereafter

2 Construction Supervision consultant (CSC)

PMU3 Weekly and monthly

4 Community supervision PMU3 After each periodical monitoring

5 IEMC PMU3 Every six-month

6 PMU3 DONRE Every six-month

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7 PMU3 WB Every six-month

5.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

An environmental monitoring program is proposed for the construction phase of the subproject's road sections. In the operation phase of the route sections, it will be handed over to the local management units and integrated into the periodical environmental monitoring programs of Son La province. Therefore, the subproject proposes not to conduct monitoring during the operation phase.

The environmental management and monitoring will be carried out by the subproject Owner.

Table 65: Location, parameters and frequency of environmental monitoring in the construction phase

Monitored items Construction phase

I. Monitoring of air quality, noise, vibration

1. Monitoring parameters TSP, CO, NO2, SO2, Noise (Leq), vibration

2. Monitoring frequency Every three months

3. Applied Regulation QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT; QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT; QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT

4. Monitoring positions 04 locations at the starting and ending areas of the route and 02 bridges on the route

II. Surface Water Quality Monitoring

1.Monitoring parameters

pH, BOD5, DO, TSS, Amoni, Nitrat, Clorua, Phosphat, total grease, surfactant, Coliform

2. Monitoring frequency Every three months

3. Applied Regulation QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT

4. Monitoring Locations 03 locations at Ban Hom bridge, Ban Sang bridge, Bong Bung stream.

5.5. CAPACITY BUILDING TRAINING ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

5.5.1. Assessment of social and environmental management capacity of PMU3

The assessment of PMU3 staff's ability to implement environmental safeguard measures shows that the PMU3 staff have a full understanding of the World Bank's environmental and social safeguard requirements, ensuring the management and implementation of subproject safeguards in ESMP, as required by WB policies. Therefore, capacity building through technical assistance will not need to be provided to the PMU3 safeguard staff.

5.5.2. Capacity building program of safeguard policy

The Table below provides a typical training program on E&S requirements. Training programs will be developed and implemented by IEMC team in coordination with the CSC Environmental and Social Officer.

- Trainee groups: the PMU3 staff, the ESO department staff, the field engineers (FE), construction supervision consultants (CSC), the contractors, representatives of relevant

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stakeholders and local communities in the subproject area. The contractors take the responsibility for training workers and drivers.

- Training Schedule: Training will be given at least one month before performing the first construction contract. Subsequent training sessions can be modified to suit the construction schedule for subproject components.

- Frequency of training: The basic training programs given in the table below will be provided every 6 months annually, and the contents will be updated and tailored to items to be implemented. Training programs for PMU3 staff are expected to continue in the first years of the subproject. Three-day training for CSC and contractors is also planned to take place twice a year.

Table 66: Capacity building program of environmental management

I. Subjects CSC, CONTRACTORS, REPRESENTATIVESOF LOCAL AUTHORITIES (WARDS/COMMUNES), COMMUNITIES

Training course Implementation of mitigation measures

Participants CSC; construction engineers, site construction field manager. Staff in charge of environment and social issues, the contractor; representatives of local authorities; representatives of urban groups (i.e. street vendors)

Training frequency Shortly after awarding contracts to the contractors with updates on demand

Duration Two-day training for CSC and contractors, and one-day training for others

Content - Overview of the overall environmental/social monitoring;- Requirements of environmental/social monitoring;- The roles and responsibility of the contractors and CSC;- The content and method of environmental monitoring;- Reaction and risk control;- Introducing monitoring forms and instructing on filling out forms and

reporting incidents;- Information on the Grievance Redress Mechanism.- Other issues to be determined- Preparing and submitting reports

Responsibility With the help of technical assistance teams, PMU3, the independent environmental monitoring consultant (IEMC) implement safety policies.

II. Subjects COMMUNITIES/ WORKERS

Training course Safety and environmental sanitation

Participants Representatives of workers (team leaders) working directly for the subproject components

Training frequency As appropriate

Duration One day of presentation and one day of on-site presentation

Content - Brief presentation on safety issues and overview on the environment;- Key issues requiring the attention of the community and construction workers

to mitigating safety risks (land roads, waterways, equipment, machinery, etc.) as well as reducing pollution (dust, exhaust gases, oil spills, waste management, etc.);- Management of safety and environmental sanitation on site and at workers’

camps;- Mitigation measures applied on site and camps;- Safety measures for electricity, mechanical engineering, transportation, air

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pollution;- Methods of dealing with emergency situations;- The rights and responsibilities of environmental monitoring- Environmental monitoring, environmental monitoring form- Measures to mitigate the social impact and monitoring implementation- Other issues to be determined

Responsibility Contractors, PMU3 with the assistance of IEMC

5.6. ESTIMATED COSTS FOR ESMP IMPLEMENTATION

5.6.1. Estmated costs for environmental monitoring program

According to the local environmental monitoring unit price, the estimated cost for monitoring the environmental quality of the subproject is shown in the table below:

Table 67: Estimated Cost for environmental monitoring program

No. Contents Unit Monitoring times

No. of samples in each

monitoring

Unit priceIn cash

(USD 1 = VND 23,400)

VND VND USD

1 Air, noise, vibration Sample 8 4 3,000,000 96,000,000 4,103

2 Surface water Sample 8 3 3,500,000 84,000,000 3,590

TOTAL 180,000,000 7,693

5.6.2. Estmated cost for IEMC

Estimated cost for IEMC is presented in the table below:

Table 68: Estimated cost for independent environmental monitoring (Exchange rate: USD 1 = VND 23,400)

No. Contents Unit Quantity Unit (VND) In cash (VND) In cash (USD)

1 Salary for expert Person -month 24 30,000,000 720,000,000 30.769

2 Accomodation, perdiem Person – day

120 600,000 72,000,000 3.077

3 Travelling cost Person - trip 32 5,000,000 160,000,000 6.838

4 Stationary and communication

Monitoring time

24 3,000,000 72,000,000 3.077

Total 1,024,000,000 43,716

5.6.3. Estimated costs for training program

Estimated cost for training program on environmental/social monitoring management capacity is presented inTable below:

Table 69: Estimated costs for training program(Exchange rate: USD 1 = VND 23,400)

Training content Trainee Unit Quantit

yPrice TotalVND VND USD

A. Capacity building programs on safeguard policies (trained by IEMC) I. Implementation of mitigation measures All work items CSC; Construction 1 10,000,000 10,000,000 427

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Training content Trainee Unit Quantit

yPrice TotalVND VND USD

engineers, site manager course II. Environmental sanitation safeguard

All work items Foreman (head)

course1 5,000,000 5,000,000 214

Total (A) 15.000.000 641B. HIV /Aids, COVID-19 and GBV training (done by CSC)

All work items Workers, CSC team and PMU3 staff

course

1 20,000,000 20,000,000 855

Total (B) 20,000,000 855

Total (A)+(B) 35,000,000 1,496

5.6.4. Total estimated costs for ESMP implementation

The following table provides a cost estimate for the implementation of environmental management plan (ESMP). The cost of ESMP6 implementation will include (i) the costs of implementing mitigation measures by the contractor, (ii) expenses supervised by CSC, (iii) cost of the independent environmental monitoring consultant (IEMC), (iv) the costs of environmental quality monitoring, (v) the cost of safety management for the PMU3, including both technical assistance in implementing safety policies and training programs. The costs of implementing mitigation measures during construction will be a part of the value of construction contracts, while the costs for a site-specific environmental monitoring plan (SEMP) by the construction supervision consultant (CSC) will be provided in construction supervision contracts. The costs of the PMU3 operations relating to EMP are allocated from the subproject management budget of the PMU3, including safety training programs, and basic allowances to participants in the monitoring programs. After the subproject has been completed, the costs of environmental monitoring of constructed works will be taken from the operation and maintenance budget of the city.

It should be noted that the involvement of the community in the process of ESMP implementation is completely voluntary participation for the benefit of own community and households. The following Table below provides the estimated costs for environmental quality monitoring and IEMC (in accordance with national practices) for reference purposes. However, final costs will be updated in the detailed design phase.

Table 70: Estimated Costs of ESMP Implementation

Contents Costs of ESMP Implementation

VND USD

(a) Mitigation during construction As a part of the contract

(b) Monitoring safeguard compliance during construction As a part of the cost for Construction Supervision

Consulting (CSC)

(c) Running cost of PMU3 social and environmental units As part of the costs for the PMU3

(d) Environmental quality monitoring 180,000,000 7,693

(e) Independent environmental monitoring consulting (IEMC) 1,024,000,000 43,761

(f) Safeguard Capacity building programs (done by IEMC) 15,000,000 641

6Excluding costs for RP implementation and independent monitoring the performance of RP/EMP

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Contents Costs of ESMP Implementation

VND USD

(g) HIV /Aids, COVID-19 and GBV Training (done by CSC) 20,000,000 855

Note: The costs for Independent Monitoring Agency for resettlement and social issues will be covered under the Resettlement Plans to be prepared.

5.7. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM)

Subproject Level GRM

Within the Vietnamese legal framework, citizen rights to complain are protected. As part of overall implementation of the subproject, a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be developed by the ESU of the PMU3, according procedures, responsible persons and contact information will be developed. It will be readily accessible to ensure that grievances shall be handled and resolved at the lowest level as quickly as possible. The mechanism will provide a framework within which complaints about environmental and social issues can be handled, grievances can be addressed, and disputes can be settled promptly. The GRM will be in place before construction commencement.

During construction, the GRM will be managed by the contractors under supervision of the CSC. The contractors will inform the affected communities and communes about the GRM availability to handle complaints and concerns about the subproject. This will be done via the community consultation and information disclosure process under which the contractors will communicate with the affected communities and interested authorities on a regular basis. Meetings will be held at least quarterly, monthly information brochures will be published, announcements will be placed in local media, and notices of upcoming planned activities will be posted, etc. The contractors should indicate contact for any complaints when the contractors announce construction schedule to local communities.

All complaints and corresponding actions undertaken by the contractors will be recorded in subproject safeguard monitoring reports. Complaints and claims for damages could be lodged as follows:

- Verbally: direct to the CSC and/ or the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives at the site offices.

- In writing: by hand-delivering or posting a written complaint to specified addresses.

- By telephone, fax, e-mails: to the CSC, the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives.

Upon receipt of a complaint, the CSC, the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives will register the complaint in a complaint file and maintain a log of events pertaining to it thereafter, until it is resolved. Immediately after receipt, four copies of the complaint will be prepared. The original will be kept in the file, one copy will be used by the contractor’s safeguard staff, one copy will be forwarded to the CSC, and the fourth copy to the PMU3 within 24 hours since receipt of the complaint.

Information to be recorded in the complaint log will consist of:

- The date and time of the complaint.

- The name, address and contact details of the complainant.

- A short description of the complaint.

- Actions taken to address the complaint, including contact persons and findings at each step in the complaint redress process.

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- The dates and times when the complainant is contacted during the redress process.

- The final resolution of the complaint.

- The date, time and manner in which the complainant was informed thereof.

- The complainant’s signature when resolution has been obtained.

Minor complaints will be dealt with within one week. Within two weeks (and weekly thereafter), a written reply will be delivered to the complainant (by hand, post, fax, e-mails) indicating the procedures taken and progress to date.

The main objective will be to resolve an issue as quickly as possible by the simplest means, involving as few people as possible, and at the lowest possible level. Only when an issue cannot be resolved at the simplest level and/ or within 15 days, will other authorities be involved. Such a situation may arise, for example, when damages are claimed, the to-be-paid amount cannot be resolved, or damage causes are determined.

Grievance Redress Mechanism for affected person who lose means of income/livelihoods, are Summarised in Table 71.

Table 71: Grievance Redress Mechanism

First Stage –Ward/Commune People’s Committee (WPC)

- PAP may submit their complaint – either in written or verbal, to the office of the Ward/Commune People’s Committee. W/C PC will receive the complaints and will notify the W/C PC leaders of the complaint. The Chairman of the W/C PC will meet the complainant in person and will solve it within 15 days following the receipt of the complaint.

Second Stage –City/District People’s Committee (C/DPC)

- After 15 days since the submission of the complaints, if the aggrieved person does not have any response from the W/C PC, or if the aggrieved person is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, the PAP may take the case, either in written or verbal, to the Reception Unit of City/District People’s Committee. The City/District People’s Committee will have 30 days since the date of receipt of the complaint to resolve the case. The City/District People’s Committee will register all the complaints submitted and will inform the District Board for Compensation and Land Acquisition of the City/District PC’s resolution/assessment results. Aggrieved person may elevate the case to the Courts of Law if they wish.

Third Stage – Provincial People’s Committee)

- After 30 days, if the aggrieved PAP does not hear from the City/District PC, or if the PAP is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, the PAP may escalate the case, either in writing or verbal, provincial People’s Committee, or lodge an administrative case with the City/District People’s Court for resolution. The provincial PC will have 45 days to resolve the complaint to the satisfaction of all the concerned. The provincial PC secretariat is also responsible for registering all complaints that are submitted. Aggrieved person may elevate the case to the Courts of Law if they wish

Final Stage - Courts of Law

- After 45 days following the submission of the complaint at provincial PC, if the aggrieved PAP does not hear from the provincial PC, or if PAP is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, PAP may take the case to a Courts of Law for adjudication. Decision by the court will be the final decision.- Decision on solving the complaints must be sent to the aggrieved PAPs and

concerned parties, and must be posted at the office of the People’s Committee where the complaint is solved. After 3 days, the decision/result on resolution must be made available at ward level and after 7 days at the city/district level.

GRM for Workers: The subproject workers (all three categories, direct workers, contracted

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Subproject of Construction of the Son La bypass, Son La provinceworkers and primary supply workers) can directly register their complaints with the GRM for workers. The members of this GRM will be trained to be capable to address grievances by workers, including workplace complaints in an efficient and effective manner to meet national regulations on labors and World Bank.

Complainants GRM Functions Timeframe

Workers or labor association will submit their grievance to the GRM for Workers through one of the channels

- Refer workers related complaints to the Workers GRM. - Registration, classification and analysis of grievances. - Convene the GRM for workers meeting to analyze and resolve the complaint. - Provide written response to the complainant/contractor.- Provide guidance with recommendations to the contractor to improve working condition/labor management issues.

10 days

The World Bank’s Grievance Redress Mechanism: Communities and individuals who believe that they are adversely affected by a WB-financed subproject may submit complaints to the available subproject-level grievance redress mechanism or the WB’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS). The GRS will ensure that complaints received are promptly reviewed to address subproject-related concerns. The affected communities and individuals of the subproject may submit their complaints to the WB’s independent Inspection Panel that will determine whether harms occurred, or can occur, as a result of WB non-compliance with its policies and procedures. Complaints may be submitted at anytime after concerns have been brought directly to the WB’s attention, and the Bank Management has been given an opportunity to respond. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank’s corporate Grievance Redress Service (GRS), please visit www.worldbank.org/grs. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank Inspection Panel, please visit www.inspectionpanel.org .

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CHAPTER 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION

The World Bank Policy on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01 requires community consultation, informing affected people and local authorities about environmental and social issues in the preparation process. Public consultation for ESIA report must also comply with the requirements of Decree 18/2015/ND-CP dated February 14, 2015 and Circular No.40/2019/TT-BTNMT dated May 13, 2019 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment for environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan.

Public consultation is conducted with the purpose of: (i) sharing information about the subproject's items and expected activities with the subproject area community and stakeholders; and (ii) Collecting comments and concerns about local characteristics and environmental sensitive issues in the subproject area from the government and local communities. On that basis, public concerns can be proposed in the Social Environmental Assessment Report and subproject solutions.

6.1. PUBLIC CONSULTATION

6.1.1. Consultation with CPC/Ward PC

Consultations with People's Committees of wards/communes were conducted from 21-23/10/2020 on the following contents:

- Introduce an overview of the subproject, identify the area/residential group in the subproject area.

- Introduce the World Bank's safeguard policies on environment and resettlement.

- Current status of environmental sanitation in the wards and outstanding issues.

- Solutions from the community to mitigate the environmental impacts and associations in the process of subproject implementation.

- Comments on the construction of works.

6.1.2. Public consultation result

Community consultation was carried out at People's Committees of wards / communes in the subproject area. Time, content and results of consultation are presented in the following table:

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Table 72: Community consultation result

No. Location

Number of participant

sParticipants Summary on discussion result Feedback from Investor

1 Chieng Mun commune

21/10/2020

34 - Representatives from local government: Chairman / Vice Chairman of Commune/Ward People’s Committee;- Representatives from

mass organizations: Fatherland Front Committee, Farmers’ Union, Women’s Union- Officers from Division

of Natural Resources and Environment, cadastral staff, office staff of Commune People’s Committee, representatives of households living at the border of the construction site.- PMU3 representative- Safeguards

consultants

- This is a crucial subproject of the province, helping Son La City in particular and Son La province in general to develop infrastructure and improve living conditions for local people. Therefore, the subproject implementation is regarded as the local social-political task.

- Support from organizations and agencies is highly appreciated. The Investor shall coordinate with competent agencies and organizations to maximize the subproject’s benefits to local people.

- The local authorities shall create all possible conditions for smooth implementation of the subproject;

- Procedures shall be quickly undertaken to implement the subproject soon.

- During the subproject implementation, safeguard policies should be strictly implemented with close monitoring mechanism;

- The subproject has a good monitoring mechanism with monitoring/supervision from PMU3, construction supervision consultant and independent consultant. There is also supervision from other State competent agencies.

2 Chieng Ban commune

21/10/2020

49 - The local government and people completely support the subproject;

- Contribution and support of local authority to the subproject are highly appreciated;

- During the course of construction, it is necessary to stay mindful about earth and stone swept to local people’s fields and gardens.

- The subproject recognizes and will arrange technical plan, barrier wall and collect wastes on daily basis to avoid such waste swept to farming areas of local people.

- PMU3 should select competent construction contractors for fast and quality construction;

- The Investor commits to select qualified contractors, follow construction progress as well as ensure the construction quality.

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No. Location



3 Chieng Co ward

22/10/2020

30 - The contractors should ensure good drainage system to avoid flood during the course of construction;

- During the course of construction, PMU3 and Contractor shall coordinate with local government regarding the construction plan and monitoring/ supervision etc.

- PMU3 and design consultant should conduct site survey to work out an optimal plan to avoid affecting houses and assets of local people;

- Actual assessment will be conducted to introduce optimal plans for maximum benefits and minimum impacts caused to local people’s assets.

- Local people receive satisfactory compensation for all of their affected assets and one-time payment is made prior to construction;

- The Investor will comply with all GoV’s and Donor’s policies to guarantee benefits of local people. Compensation policies will be detailed in the subproject’s RAP report during FS preparation phase.

- Construction contractor gives priority to local workers. Weekly construction plan is prepared and informed to local people 2 weeks in advance.

- During the course of construction, Contractors shall prefer hiring local labors for simple work, which shall be specified in bidding document.- At the same time, the Investor shall

also pay attention to informing the local people about the construction plan as well as recommendations from the local authority.

4 Chieng Coi ward

22/10/2020

11 - All people support and agree to facilitate the subproject implementation;

- Support from local government and people to the subproject is highly appreciated.

- During the course of construction, it is necessary to comply with mitigation measures to reduce impacts

- The subproject will strictly follow mitigation measures to reduce to reduce

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No. Location



caused to the environment, daily activities and health of local people;

impacts caused to the environment, daily activities and health of local people under monitoring/supervision of independent monitoring consultant; PMU3 and Donor.

- PMU3 should closely monitor construction contractors to ensure they adopt measures to minimize environmental pollution and social impacts;

- During the subproject implementation, construction contractor shall be subject to supervision from PMU3, construction supervision consultant and other relevant State competent agencies etc.

- Any environmental incident happening due to the contractor’s fault should be informed to competent agencies for timely resolution and the contractor has to be responsible for compensation;

- The contractor shall be responsible for repairing and compensating for all environmental incidents arising during construction course.

- Agree with the subproject’s Resettlement policies. They should be implemented in a transparent manner.

- Support from local government and people to the subproject is highly appreciated.

5 Hua La commune

23/10/2020

28 - Local authority and people all recognize the attention from the City’s government and PMU3 for investing in infrastructure in the ward. All support and look forward to the subproject implementation;

- All comments and recommendations from local government and people are noted and will be integrated into subproject documents;

- Immigration of a number of workers will cause some difficulties to management activity as well as infrastructure/facility burden;- The subproject’s assessment on environmental and

social impacts is relatively adequate and mitigation measures should be strictly applied during the construction course.

- The number of workers is not large and they do not live in crowd. It is unnecessary to worry about the pressure on local infrastructure.- During the subproject implementation,

PMU3, consultants and the City’s authority will provide support to the locality regarding subproject-related

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No. Location



issues.

- During the construction course, Contractor should strictly apply mitigation measures to prevent and minimize negative impacts caused to the environment, daily activities of local people as mentioned in the subproject’s EISA report;

- The contractor will apply measures to prevent and mitigate environmental impacts for each construction method.

- PMU3 is responsible for closely monitoring to avoid environmental impacts on local people.

- Contractor is subject to the monitoring/supervision of PMU3, construction supervision consultant and independent consultant during the construction course.

6 Chieng Sinh ward

23/10/2020

10 - PMU3 should coordinate with local authority during the construction supervision and timely inform the local government and people about the construction plan 2 week in advance;

- The Investor recognizes all comments from local authority and people;- Mitigation measures specified in the

report shall be strictly observed by the project.

- The subproject should apply the policies of the Government and Donor properly;

- The subproject shall strictly observe general policies of the GoV and Donor (World Bank) and guarantee benefits of local people.

- The Investor should select qualified contractor to ensure the construction progress and quality;

- The Investor commits to select qualified contractors, follow construction progress as well as ensure the construction quality.

- The subproject should support local labors to get hired for work in the subproject;

- Contractors shall prefer hiring local labors for simple non-technical work, which shall be specified in bidding document.

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No. Location



- Agree with the subproject’s EISA report regarding expected impacts and proposed mitigation measures. Such measures should be strictly applied during the subproject implementation.

- The Investor recognizes all comments from local authority and people;- Mitigation measures specified in the

report shall be strictly observed by the subproject.

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Table 73: Community consultation image at the subproject area

Community consultation at Chieng Mung commune

Community consultation at Chieng Mung commune

Community consultation at Chieng Ban commune

Community consultation at Chieng Ban commune

Consultation at Chieng Sinh ward Consultation at Chieng Sinh ward

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Consultation at Chieng Coi ward Consultation at Chieng Coi ward

Consultation in Hua La commune Consultation in Hua La commune

Consultation at Chieng Co ward Consultation at Chieng Co ward

6.2. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

The first draft ESIA, in Vietnamese were disclosed locally at the wards/communes within the subproject area and the PMU3 in October, 2020 for public consultation. Based on the contents of ESIA, local people can get information of the subproject and contribute their opinions/comments on environmental issues. The final ESIA both in the local language and English was disclosed locally at the subproject sites and at the World Bank’s external website on December 18, 2020.

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subproject introduction and description · web viewlayer thickness varies from 0.3m-0.5m,...

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