Summary of the current status of the work of TUM-BO

Scientists: Andreas Gattinger, Michael Schloter, Alexandra Hagn (DNA), Ursula Bausenwein (Socioeconomics)

Technicians: Franz Buegger (EA-IRMS, GC-IRMS, GC/MS-c-IRMS, plant labelling),Conny Galonska (DNA) Christine Kollerbaur, Benjamin Mehnert (Lipids)

Voluntary worker (Environmental Protection): Matthias Weiss (2003-2004), Jens Prescher (2004-2005)

Technical University of Munich(at the campus of GSF-Research Center for Environment & Health)Chair of Soil Ecology, D- 85764 Neuherberg

1. Extraction and analysis of phospholipid biomarker in peat (bog)

samples (WP 04: D12-D14)

2. Extraction and analysis of DNA in peat (bog) samples (WP 04: D12-

D14)

3. Production of 13C/15N labelled plant litter for field experiment (WP 04:

D13; WP 05: D19)

4. Socioeconomical appraisal for German peatlands (WP 01: D3)

Summary of the current status of the work of TUM-BO

1. Extraction and analysis of phospholipid biomarker in peat (bog) samples (W P04: D12-D14)

HO

O

CH2

C

O

C

O

O P O

O

O

NH3+

H O

CH2

O

O P O

O

O

NH3+

Archaeal diversityAnalysis of etherlinked isoprenoids (PLEL):- saturated short chain (i20:0): all archaea- saturated long chain (i40:0): all archaea- cyclic long chain (i40:0-cy): Crenarchaeota- unsaturated short chain (i20:1): methanogens

Bacterial & eukaryotic diversityBacterial & eukaryotic diversityAnalysis of Analysis of esterlinked fatty acids (PLFA):- saturated (SATFA): Gram-positives,

sulfate reducer- monounsaturated (MUFA): Gram-

negatives, methanotrophs- polyunsaturated (PUFA): fungi, protozoa

Side chain analysis of phospholipids biomarker

to describe bacterial, eukaryotic and archaeal diversity with particular emphasis on methanogenic archaea and methanotrophic bacteria; the following fractions (biomarker) are analysed:

Extraction and analysis of phospholipid biomarker in peat (bog) samples (W P04: D12-D14)

From the peat samples investigated within work programme 1, 208 samples were selected for PLFA analysis; from layer 6 and 8 only duplicate samples were analysed to reduce sample amount for PLFA and DNA analysis (59 from Finland (FI), 40 from France (FR), 46 from Switzerland (CH), 43 from Scotland (SCO), 20 from France (FB))

Problems with GC/MS-c-IRMS system since 4 months, company has not solved the problem yet (GC columns of poor quality, splitting technique unreliable, RF generator of the ion source is unstable, compliance of the peak evaluation software has not been sorted out)

All PLFA samples are prepared 832 (+ 360 from labelling experiment) because of 4 different PLFA fractions, in average 20-30 PLFA compounds per run are to be identified and quantified

Simultaneous identification and quantification of PLFA/PLEL from environmental samples and their corresponding 12C/13C

ratios by GC/MS-C-IRMS

MS(DSQ)

IRMS(DeltaPlusAdvantage)

20% of the analyte

80% of the analyte

PLEL-derived isoprenoids (2-6 archaeal/methanogenic marker)

2 = FR 4 = SCO 5 = FB

Site

0,00

20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00

i-P

LE

L (

nm

ol/g

)

2 = FR 4 = SCO 5 = FB

Site

0,00

20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00

i-P

LE

L (

nm

ol/g

)

SC- C-6-1

SituationA

B

C

D

site comparison site*situation comparison

PLEL-derived isoprenoids (archaeal/methanogenic marker)

depth*situation comparison

-8

-6

-4

-3

Dep

th

0,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00

i-PLEL (nmol/g)

SituationA

B

C

D

FR

-8

-6

-4

-3

Dep

th

0,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 100,00

i-PLEL (nmol/g)

SituationA

B

C

D

SCO

PLEL-derived isoprenoids (archaeal/methanogenic marker)

depth*situation comparison

-8

-6

-4

-3

Dep

th

5,00 10,00 15,00 20,00 25,00 30,00

i-PLEL (nmol/g)

SituationA

B

FB

2. Extraction and analysis of DNA in peat (bog) samples (W P04: D12-D14)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

9 .A 0 6 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 Q Q

Size (nt)

Dye

Sig

nal

98,71

177,35

FI-A-3-3

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

9 .A 0 5 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 Q P

Size (nt)

Dye

Sig

nal

98,71

177,34

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

9 .A 0 4 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 Q M

Size (nt)

Dye

Sig

nal

98,75

177,38

Reproducability

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

2 .B 0 2 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 R 2

Size (nt)

Dye

Sig

nal

60,60

76,57

98,80

100,42

171,90

172,64

235,00 295,11

296,85

311,29

316,28

320,04

322,77 482,66

581,94

589,62

FI-A-3-2FI-A-3-1

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

9 .A 0 4 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 Q M

Size (nt)

Dye

Sig

nal

98,75

177,38

Heterogeneity

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

1 1 .C 0 5 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 S 0

Size (nt)

Dye

Sig

nal

116,26

183,21

290,26

294,28

308,38

FR-A-4-3FR-A-4-1

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

1 4 .F 0 5 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 R O

Size (nt)

Dye

Sig

nal 70,13

100,30

102,85

111,55

116,48

177,00

178,15

183,70

285,56

286,65

290,13

291,25

294,36

298,55

308,56

319,33

323,31

325,23

327,77

332,67

333,89

360,19

Heterogeneity

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

9 .A 0 4 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 Q M

Size (nt)

Dye

Sig

nal

98,75

177,38

FI-A-3-3FI-A-2-1

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

8 .H 0 1 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 Q R

Size (nt)

Dye

Sig

nal

116,45

171,99

172,68

188,96

Depth profiling

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

4 .D 0 1 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 Q U

Size (nt)

Dye

Sig

nal

110,66

111,53

116,13

286,73308,77

319,22

325,51

CH-A-4-1CH-A-3-4

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

1 3 .E 0 4 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 R K

Size (nt)

Dye

Sig

nal

61,50 87,73

111,51

116,43

294,10

312,58

320,34

324,23

325,28

Depth profiling

• The same 208 peat samples were selected for DNA analysis as for PLFA

• From all 208 peat samples DNA was extracted (DNA extraction kit soilBio101 following test analysis with MLURI)

• MLURI (Rebekka) received all DNA extracts (apart from FB samples) for fungal community fingerprints

• EPFL/UfZ (Antonis) received DNA extracts (only CH samples) for protozoan diversity studies

• first DNA analysis by TUM-BO: bacterial communities using 16S primer and subsequent t-RFLP analysis

Extraction and analysis of DNA in peat (bog) samples (WP 04: D12-D14)

4. Socioeconomical appraisal for peatlands in GermanyA. Gattinger, U. Bausenwein & M. Drösler (Uni Bayreuth)

• data on peatland distribution, economics on peat production, import/export has been collected

• in parallel a German group (among others M. Drösler, University of Bayreuth) is generating a new peatland inventory, as the current data is of poor quality (quite old, patchy, wrong, etc.)

• the major focus on the study will be on the political framework in Germany to support sustainable management of peatlands, reports/concepts from 3 of 6 selected German States (peatland area > 2%) on this issues have been received

Kesselmoore

Regenmoorebogs

26% 31%

Hydrogenetic mire types in Germany

5%14%

17%

3%

Verlandungsmooreterrestrialisation mires

Versumpfungsmoorewater rise mires

Überflutungsmooreflood mires

Quellmoore 1%spring mires

Hangmoore 2%sloopy fens

Durchströmungsmoore percolation mires?

Distribution of mire types in Germany

Main mire type:

1: coastal flood mires 3: water rise mires 2: coastal bogs

5: percolation mires 7: mountain bogs terrestrilisation mires

6: mountain bogs sloopy fens

4: terrestrilisation mires

8: water rise mires sloopy fens

Occurence of mires > 300 ha in Germany

Distribution of European peatlands

GermanyFrance

Finland

UK

Switzerland

European Russia

Belarus

EstoniaIreland

Norway

Poland

Sweden

Other

2.5%

0.3%

3.4%

16.5%

0.05%

total European peatland area: 514 882 km2

Usage of European peatlands

0

4000

8000

12000

16000

bog fen totalpeatland

Peatland use in Germanykm

2

based on Lappalainen 1996 and Selin 1999

mire

forest

grass

crop

peat cut

4 %

13 %

52 %

29 %

2 %

18000

total peatland area: 13000 km2 (= 1.3 Mill. ha)mire area: 100 km2

2002based on Freibauer et al. in prep peat is currently being formed

Greenhouse gas budget

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

German

y

France

Finland

UK

Switzerl

and

12.0% of total Europe

0.8%

3.1%

0.1%0.9%

Gg

CO

2-equ

ival

ents

residual

peat cut

grass

crop

forestry

mire

2nd largest emitter in Europe

Europe 51660 Gg

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

assuming a 100-year horizon

Europe 51660 Gg

Gg

CO

2-equ

ival

ents

CO2

CH4

N2O

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

German

y

France

Finland

UK

Switzerl

and

Greenhouse gas budgetassuming a 100-year horizon

Socioeconomical appraisal for peatlands in Germany

• for us the major task is to review the political framework regarding the sustainable management of peatlands (e.g. reduction of climate-relevant trace gases by converting arable field into extensive pastures/grasslands)