summary wp4, beta beams, elena wildner1 beta-beams (wp4) summary elena wildner, cern 1 2010-06-04

Summary WP4, Beta Beams, Elena Wildner 1

Beta-Beams (WP4) Summary

Elena Wildner, CERN

12010-06-04

2010-06-04 Summary WP4, Beta Beams, Elena Wildner 2

Outline

Events Milestones/Deliverables Highlights Conclusion

22

2010-06-04 3Summary WP4, Beta Beams, Elena Wildner

Overview of events (I)

3

2 WP4 full meetings 3rd WP4 meeting, 25/11/09, Grenoble (LPSC) 4th WP4 meeting, 19/02/10, Paris (CEA)

Meetings Legnaro, CEA

Nufact09 Europeean Strategy for Future Neutrino Physics, CERN (1-3

Oct, 2009) ISOLDE Workshop and Users Meeting, CERN (18-20 Nov,

2009) EPIPHANY 2010, Krakow (5-8 Jan, 2010)

Physics in underground laboratories EuCARD, RAL (April 2010)

NEU2012 network meeting


Overview of events (II)

4

Fermilab, Batavia, USA, Productin Ring Design and cooling workshop organized by D. Neuffer

GSI, Darmstadt (O. Boine-Frankenheim, C. Dimopoulou) Cooling and Internal Gas Targets for production ring Large interest 15 Participants: NTU-Athens , GSI(6), University of Frankfurt (3),

CERN (3), University of Münster, FZ Jülich (2) GSI joins as associated institute to WP4 (has to be approved by

EUROnu)

Costing WS, CERN Two BSc theses from Aachen (summer 2009) Aachen will contribute with one student for 3 months (summer

2010) Some 10 publications written (pending publication)


Beta Beam scenario EUROnu, FP7

.

Neutrino

Source

Decay Ring

ISOL target, Collection

Decay ring

B ~ 500 Tm

B = ~6 T C = ~6900 m Lss= ~2500 m

8Li: = 100 18B: = 100

SPS

RCS, 3.5 GeV

-beam to experiment

Linac, 0.4 GeV

60 GHz pulsed ECR

450 GeV, p-eq

Ion production PR

Detector Gran Sasso (~ 5 times higher Q)

Ion Linac 20 MeV

8B/8Li

PS

We are working on all parts!!!Exception Ion Linac 25 MevPS2 has been eliminated from the scene



Neutrino

Source

Decay Ring


Decay ring

B ~ 500 Tm

B = ~6 T C = ~6900 m Lss= ~2500 m

8Li: = 100 18B: = 100

SPS

RCS, 3.5 GeV

-beam to experiment

Linac, 0.4 GeV

60 GHz pulsed ECR

450 GeV, p-eq

Ion production PR


Ion Linac 20 MeV

8B/8Li

PS


Intensities needed: Some scaling L ~ <E > / m2 ~ Q , Flux ~ L−2 => Flux ~ Q −2

Cross section ~ <E > ~ Q Merit factor for an experiment at the atmospheric oscillation maximum:

M= Q Decay ring length scales ~ (ion lifetime)

With FP7 ions we need ~ 5 times more ions (same & longer baseline)

Other detector technology at higher energy requires another factor ~ 2 ?

FP-7 proposal did not address these facts

Assumed shortfall of 18Ne intended to be solved by producing Li/B ions

The FP7 assumption was to accelerate a similar number of ions for He/Ne and Li/B.

Conclusion: Baseline beta beam scenario milestone B/Li will not be met


Strategy, Beta Beam, Accelerators Work on 6He and 18Ne ions, push of production has given results

Experiments for He, results tell us production is ok Ne ok on paper but needs one FTE more for experimental verification

(CERN, LLN).

Satisfactory results to achieve good neutrino flux (He and Ne) the beta beam baseline is the Frejus Option (He and Ne)

Accelerator Complex is calculated first for the He and Ne Option Beam stability Decay Ring Optimization Superconducting Magnets in Decay Ring Collimation

The engagements for B and Li is continued by WP4 partners


Beta Beam scenario 6He/18Ne

Neutrino

Source

Decay Ring

ISOL target

Decay ring

B ~ 500 Tm

B = ~6 T C = ~6900 m Lss= ~2500 m

6He: = 100 18Ne: = 100

SPS

RCS, 1.7 GeV

-beam to Frejus

Linac, 100 MeV

60 GHz pulsed ECR

280 GeV

Ion production18Ne

PS

SPL Linac 4 ?

6He

Ion production


Beta Beam scenario 8Li/8B

Neutrino

Source

Decay Ring


Decay ring

B ~ 500 Tm

B = ~6 T C = ~6900 m Lss= ~2500 m

8Li: = 100 18B: = 100

SPS

RCS, 1.7 GeV

-beam to GranSasso/Canfranc

Linac, 100 MeV

60 GHz pulsed ECR

Existing!!!

280 GeV

Ion productionPR

Ion Linac 25 MeV, 7 Li and 6 Li

8B/8Li

PS

Milestones


4.1 Baseline Beta-Beam scenario 4 12 Documentation

reviewed

4.2 Design of collection device 4 15 Drawings qualified by external expert

4.3 Lattice frozen for production ring 4 18 Optics qualified by

external expert

4.4 New decay ring optics for 8Li and 8B 4 21 Optics qualified by

external expert

We can today give the needed fluxes with 6He and 18Ne. Experimental verification now urgent!! After collective effects studies and revisiting RF scenarios, the parameter list will be completed.

Collection device is designed and assembled. Tests ongoing.

Basic lattice frozen, cooling simulations will tune the lattice

Deacy ring optics done also for B and Li.We have in addition a new decay ring design giving some extra 10% in neutrino flux (for Ne and He also).

WP Month

Milestones (contd & Deliverables)


6.3 Scenarios for the B and Li Beta Beams 6,4 24 Report

reviewed

6.4 Physics performance of all facilities with update of fluxes

6,5,4 24 Report reviewed

Results from the barrier bucket study, (B and Li) confirms we have to keep SF with some minor relaxation. For He and Ne we stay with the original basic parameters.

Detector performance for high-Q? We have assumed a factor 2. Can this be improved? Do we need to do development of a new accelerator complex to accelerate B and Li?

D8 Collection device construction 4 15 Prototype

D12 Report on the experimental validation of

the collection device for Li-8

4 15 Prototype

D13 Bunching performance evaluation 4 7 Report

Device constructed.

Barrier buckets not feasible, neither for B and Li or Ne and Ne. For the decay ring we have no better results than the merging process and stand with the FP6 results. Other machines: Rf to be revisited for all ions

Will be delivered after tests (for annual report)



.

Neutrino

Source

Decay Ring


Decay ring

B ~ 500 Tm

B = ~6 T C = ~6900 m Lss= ~2500 m

8Li: = 100 18B: = 100

SPS

RCS, 3.5 GeV

-beam to experiment

Linac, 0.4 GeV

60 GHz pulsed ECR

450 GeV, p-eq

Ion production PR


Ion Linac 25 MeV

8B/8Li

PS


The production Ring

14

Supersonic gas jet target, stripper and absorber

7Li6Li

7Li(d,p)8Li6Li(3He,n)8B

Lattice design operational Target model (Bethe-Bloch) Beam cooling is observed (1000 turns) Lattice to be adapted Wedge angle has effect on coupling Chromaticity to be tuned (resonances) Equilibrium emmittance fits with theory RF feasable (4 MHz, 300 kV), ACOL cavities

Gas Jet target proposed in FP7: too high density to be realistic Vacuum problems Target model has to also include single scattering of we use less dense targets Try Direct Production (D. Neuffer) with spectrometer magnet?

E. Benedetto



.

Neutrino

Source

Decay Ring


Decay ring

B ~ 500 Tm

B = ~6 T C = ~6900 m Lss= ~2500 m

8Li: = 100 18B: = 100

SPS

RCS, 3.5 GeV

-beam to experiment

Linac, 0.4 GeV

60 GHz pulsed ECR

450 GeV, p-eq

Ion production PR


Ion Linac 25 MeV

8B/8Li

PS


PR: Gas Jet Targets and Cooling (GSI)

We need 10 19 cm-2 !!


PR Feasibility: Vacuum


X-sections, Energies and Angles, Li and B

18

8B production experiments are being planned at Legnaro for inverse kinematics.

If we need to change the production of B and Li in the production ring (liquid target, direct kinematics) experiments could be envisaged for this reaction. Funding may be limiting.

Inverse kinematic reaction:7Li + CD2 target E=25 MeV

Results for cross-sections and angular distributions have been presented.

E. Vardaci


RipeN RipeN RiRivelatori velatori peper r NNeutroni a LNL eutroni a LNL

12.7cm x 12.7 cm

24 BC501 cylindrical Liquid Scintillators

V. Kravchuk


Challenge: collection device A large proportion of beam particles (6Li) will be scattered into the collection device.

Production of 8Li and 8B: 7Li(d,p) 8Li and 6Li(3He,n) 8B reactions using low energy and low intensity ~ 1nA beams of 7Li(10-25 MeV) and 6Li(4-15 MeV) hitting the deuteron or 3He target.

Tests on collection device:The collection device has presently a welding problem.

September 2010 to finish with 8Li.

Research on B will follow.

Semen MitrofanovThierry DelbarMarc Loiselet


Decay Ring

21

A .Chance



.

Neutrino

Source

Decay Ring


Decay ring

B ~ 500 Tm

B = ~6 T C = ~6900 m Lss= ~2500 m

8Li: = 100 18B: = 100

SPS

RCS, 3.5 GeV

-beam to experiment

Linac, 0.4 GeV

60 GHz pulsed ECR

450 GeV, p-eq

Ion production PR


Ion Linac 20 MeV

8B/8Li

PS


Decay Ring Intensities

23

• A first study of the dynamic aperture has shown that it was large enough to accept the beam.

• Due to the blowing up in the longitudinal phase space, it was shown that a dedicated collimation section was needed in the DR.

• The peak beam intensities are unprecedented (several Amps in average, hundreds of Amps peak).

• The beam loading in the cavities must be studied (Cockcroft Institute could work on this as associate partner).

• To gain 10% of neutrinos, we increased the field from 6 to 8 T in the arc magnets and shorten the arcs from 970 to 675 m

• The injection region will be moved from the arc to the straight section.


Duty factor and RF Cavities

....

20 bunches, 5.2 ns long, distance 23*4 nanosseconds

filling 1/11 of the Decay Ring, repeated every 23

microseconds

1014 ions, 0.5% duty (supression) factor for background suppression !!!

24

Erk Jensen, CERN


Radiation issues

25

• Open midplane magnet for Decay Ring exists (2009)

• Internal absorbers between short dipoles• Result not entirely satisfactory (2008)• Magnets at quench limit

• Thick liners in the magnets an alternative• Modelled in FLUKA for the time being

results not convincing• Thicker liners (other materials)• Back to absorber design• We have to check vacuum issues• Work on collimation system to be continued (hibernating...)

• SPS is still to be looked at• Other machines ok (within limits from CERN rules)

E. Wildner


DR Arc Magnets

26

z axis (cm)

Pow

er

dep

osi

ted

(m

W/c

m3)No significant improvement when using 1cm thick liner (stainless steel)Quads have similar problems

• Decay losses concentrated on the horizontal plane• Normalized to a decay rate in half of the arc:

He: 3.74x1010 decay.s-1

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

E. Bouquerel

Summary WP4, Beta Beams, Elena Wildner

Options for production

2010-06-04 27

Type Accelerator Beam Ibeam

mA

Ebeam

MeV

Pbeam

kW

Target Isotope Flux

S-1

Ok?

ISOL & n-converter

SPL p 0.1 2 103 200 W/BeO 6He 5 1013

ISOL & n-converter

Saraf/GANIL d 15 40 600 C/BeO 6He 5 1013

ISOL Linac 4 p 6 160 700 19FMolten NaF loop

18Ne 1 1013

ISOL Cyclo/Linac p 10 70 700 19FMolten NaF loop

18Ne 2 1013

ISOL LinacX1 3He > 170 21 3600 MgO80 cm disk

18Ne 2 1013

P-Ring LinacX2 7Li 0.160 25 4 d 8Li ?1 1014

P-Ring LinacX2 6Li 0.160 25 4 3He 8B ?1 1014

Experimentally OK

On paper may be OK

Not OK yet

Possible

Challenging

Courtesy T. Stora, P Valko

R & D !!!Needs some optimization


Recent Results for Production of 6He

5 1013 6He/s 200kW, 2 GeV proton beam (ISOLDE 2008)

N. Thiolliere et T. Stora, EURISOL-DS

T. Stora et al., EURISOL-DS, TN03-25-2006-0003

Aimed:

He 2.9 1018 (2.0 1013/s)

Production of 18Ne for Beta Beams Compatible materials (Ni-based alloys) up to 1000 ºC: Hasteloy N

Molten salt flow: 2.1 l/s (for ΔT = 100 ºC) Size of the irradiation cell: 24x15x7.5 cm3

Size of the diffusion chamber:

15x40x15 cm3

Cooling of the window is done

with the circulating molten salt.

Cross-section measurements done at LLN, to be compared with calculations

Molten salt loops presently set up LPCS, Grenoble: we will profit of this experiment.

EUROnu week in Strasbourg - IPHC P. Valko - CERN


ECR Source

30 30

• Available measurements periods last week of June• Extension of the magnet time access demand performed• If possible 13000 A measurements before end of July

Experiments, Gyrotron 37 GHz

MW pulse

Ion current of N3+ Microwave duration = 50 µsDuration of ion current = 20 µsIon current of N3+ = 2 мА

Ion current of Ar4+

Tсвч=70 µs Tсвч=60 µs Tсвч=50 µs Tсвч=40 µs

20 µs

Duration of ion current vs microwave durationJust noise

March 2010

V. Zorin

Modeling of Short Pulses

0 50 100 150 200 250T im e, m ks

0

0.4

0.8

1.2

Ion

cu

rren

t, a

.u.

M W

N +

N ++

N 3+

Simple mirror trap, L=37 cmMirror Ratio = 4MW=10 kW/cm2

Extraction voltage = 25 kVMW duration ~ 70 µs

0 50 100 150 200 250T im e, m ks

0

0.4

0.8

1.2

Ion

cu

rren

t, a.

u.

M W sim

N + s im

N ++ s im

N 3+ s im

Experiment Modeling

V. Zorin

Charge state distribution, short pulses

C2+ ArgonAr3+

Ar4+

Ar5+

Ar2+

C2+

N2+

C+O+

Nitrogen

H+

N+

N2+N3+

N4+

O2+

O3+

O+

C2+

C3+

C+

For 6He and 19 Ne we have to profit of produced intensities: extract one charge state and do the rest with Linac stage and strippers! Long Linac? CERN simulations ?

V. Zorin


Start overall simulations from

.

Neutrino

Source

Decay Ring


Decay ring

B ~ 500 Tm

B = ~6 T C = ~6900 m Lss= ~2500 m

8Li: = 100 18B: = 100

SPS

RCS, 3.5 GeV

-beam to experiment

Linac, 0.4 GeV

60 GHz pulsed ECR

450 GeV, p-eq

Ion production PR


Ion Linac 20 MeV

8B/8Li

PS

Optimize Linac with source dataPreliminary emmittances and beam sizes from ECR existEstimates on efficiencies (ECRin/ECRout) to be updatedSimulate beam up to RCS (and further)



.

Neutrino

Source

Decay Ring


Decay ring

B ~ 500 Tm

B = ~6 T C = ~6900 m Lss= ~2500 m

8Li: = 100 18B: = 100

SPS

RCS, 3.5 GeV

-beam to experiment

Linac, 0.4 GeV

60 GHz pulsed ECR

450 GeV, p-eq

Ion production PR


Ion Linac 20 MeV

8B/8Li

PS

Beta Beam Stability (all Beams) ???

Is the impedance limit compatible with DR special RF cavity for short bunches ???

Instability dependencies of bunch intensities are being investigated for all machines

(ongoing for DR and SPS)

C. Hansen, CERNC. Hansen, CERN

Transversal broad band impedance for 6He in DR istab.

Summary WP4, Beta Beams, Elena Wildner

The SPS RF programs are currently being developed in detail (A. Chancé, CEA) for the Instability Studies

Very challenging, may need re-design (optimization) of decay ring.


Summary Milestones and Deliverables, ~ on time (baseline parameters for He and Ne) Good production18Ne on paper, we need experimental data (1 FTE needed) 6He has been produced with sufficient efficiency Production Ring feasibility

Results for production cross sections for Li are available, experiments for B being set up Collection device is assembled and tests are ongoing Gas jet target density needed is at least 4 orders of magnitude larger than presently used -

> vacuum problems (pumping). ECR source field measurements June and July Linac simulations ongoing DR and SPS

Collective effects: challenging beam conditions RF cavities: Collaboration Cockcroft being set up

Costing: PBS advancing, costing started One FTE needed for costing and safety

37

summary wp4, beta beams, elena wildner1 beta-beams (wp4) summary elena wildner, cern 1 2010-06-04

Documents

beta beams

elena wildner2010

mev8b8lipssummary wp4

scenesummary wp4

meetings3rd wp4 meeting

beta beam scenario euronu

pending publicationsummary

grenoble lpsc4th wp4