superconducting fault current limiters

EPRI 2011 Nexans SuperConductors

Mathias Noe

Karlsruher Institut für Technologie

&

Joachim Bock, Achim Hobl, Judith Schramm

Nexans SuperConductors GmbH

Tenth EPRI Superconductivity Conference

October 11-13, 2011

Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

Latest developments at Nexans SuperConductors


• Introduction

• SFCL systems– Function

– Operation behaviour

– Commercial Projects• ASL I 12-100

• ASL II 12-400

• Vattenfall 12-800

– Development Projects• ENSYSTROB

• ECCOFLOW

– Latest Project: AmpaCity

• Conclusions

Outline


Chemiepark Knapsack

10 km South-west of Köln

Chemiepark Knapsack

in Hürth


• Assembly of Fault Current Limiter systems

• Building height allowing crane hook of 7 m

• Optimisation of the production

Office building and

assembly hall

bldg. 2728

Nexans SuperConductors

in new premises 2010


buffer

2buffer

1substrate

YBa2Cu3O7-x

Bi-2212/ Bi-2223 tape

1st generation

Bi-2212 bulk

Y-123 cc-tape

2nd generation

Y-123 bulk

Materials and conductor types

for industrial HTS applications

Systems

realized


Metal oxides

Melting

CastingAnnealing

BSCCO-2212

Melt Cast Processing

Production of HTS-bulk

Highly efficient and

very flexible process

Mixing


normal operation short-circuit recovery

time

curr

ent

w/o FCL

îr

îmax

îp

td trta

Operating behaviour

of the FCL

• ultrafast

reacts in 1-2 milliseconds

• automatic

no external trigger necessary,

self-recovering

• wear-free

service only for cooling

system

Superconductor Fault Current Limiters are intrinsically safe!


12-100 (ASL 1)

first commercial systemField tested for ~8 months

12-800 (Vattenfall)

first system in a power stationField tested Nov. 2009- Dec. 2010

FCL systems

Commercial Projects

XX-YYY

XX: Voltage [kV]

YYY: Current [A]

12-400 (ASL 2)

second system for UK (bifilar)Presently under installation


• first FCL-System realised by NSC

• first commercial system worldwide

ASL I 12-100

Realisation


ASL, Newcastle

ENW, Bamber Bridge

Live on grid

10-2009 to 06-2010

ASL I 12-100

Field test


ASL II 12-400

Testing

Test at IPH

Customer has ordered second system!


ASL II 12-400

Installation site

Ainsworth Lane

(Scottish Power)

In UK around 270 substations (MV up to 33 kV)

are at or above max. rating


Block Q in Boxberg

Vattenfall 12-800

Brown Coal Power Plant


Power to the consumer


Power to the consumer

Auxiliary Power


Not limited short circuit currents

Auxiliary Power


High Short Circuit Currents

high mechanical and thermal forces

No “fuses” on the MV power distribution level

equipment and grid must be short-circuit proof

high investment for equipment “oversizing”

800

fault

63.000

rating

Investment

Cu

rren

t [

A]

Auxiliary Power


Location

in Boxberg power plant


• Installation

10/ 2009

• Commissioning

02.11.2009

• End of field-test

12/ 2010

• Significant savings for extension and new construction

• Improved safety for personnel and equipment

First FCL worldwide

in a power plant

• second field-test

starts IV/ 2011


BSCCO-2212

tubes

BiSrCaCuO

powder

Fault Current Limiter

Components

Melt Cast Process

Nexans proprietary process

From metal oxide powder

to HTS-components


component module set-up

of a phase

accomodation

in a cryostat

Basic design

of the FCL

•Fault Current Limiter connected in series with the grid

•Current and voltage adjustable by modular construction

Connection for adaptation

•Current in parallel

•Voltage in series


Realisation

of the FCL

Nexans is mastering

the full chain.


High voltage and high current

testing of complete FCL-system

Testing scheme

• 75 kV lighting impulse

• 28 kV withstand voltage (1 min)

Testing scheme

• 63 kA (peak) maximum

• 3-phase full loads (4 shots)


New developments:

FCL systems based on cc-tape

12-600 (ENSYSTROB)

first MV system with cc-tapeThis project has received funding

from German government under grant 03KP102A


ENSYSTROB

voltage 12 kV

normal operating current 800 Arms

inrush current (50 ms) 4100 Ap

inrush current (15 s) 1800 Arms

prospective current 60 kA

first peak limitation < 30 kAp

limitation time 120 ms

limitation after 100ms 6.6 - 7 kA

• High inrush currents

• Small window for limited current

Specification

New developments:

ENSYSTROB


2 twins in, 2 twins out

sc-length: 8 x 4.30

Central contact

U = 433 Vrms

I = 850 Arms

P = 360 kW

I

New developments:

ENSYSTROB - component


inrush currents

1367 Ap / 50 ms 600 Arms / 15 s

New developments:

ENSYSTROB – characterisation (1)


partial load

I prosp = 2 kAp

Erms = 0.05 V/ m

full load

I prosp = 32 kAp

Erms = 50 V/ m

short circuits

New developments:

ENSYSTROB – characterisation (2)


3 x 32 =96

components

New developments:

ENSYSTROB – system integration


3-Phase short circuit, Iprosp= 63 kA

New developments:

ENSYSTROB – Testing at IPH Berlin


New developments:

ENSYSTROB – Next steps

• First system based on cc-tapes was engineered and

built in time

• SFCL device was successfully tested at the certified

high power test lab in Berlin in September 2011

• SFCL has been installed at the Boxberg power plant

• SFCL will go life to the grid in October 2011


Kosice

Barcelona

Siegen

Mailand

Stockholm

Nexans and 13 European partners have reached a

EU-project: ECCOFLOW cc-tape based FCL 24-1000

•15 partners involved

• 5 utilities

• coordinated by

First multipurpose system

for two sites and applications


ECCOFLOW is:

• A project to prepare

commercialisation of SFCL

• The 3-phase resistive limiter with

the highest voltage today

• Including 15 project partners

5 of which are utilities

• The first SFCL foreseen for two

different applications

New developments:

ECCOFLOW


Palma de Mallorca

FCL

FC

L

busbar coupler

High voltage

Medium voltage

transformer

feeder

New developments:

Project 24-1000 ECCOFLOW

1st site for installation

San Juan de Dios

http://www.google.de/imgres?imgurl=http://www.edelweissair.ch/medias/spanien/mallorca/mallorca-d-2008.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.edelweissair.ch/d/destinations/plan/PMI/&usg=__jJsAZJuXcrVAU7yyzqkrEeOYJrE=&h=374&w=360&sz=93&hl=de&start=11&tbnid=a_mKBFdP_HNLwM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=117&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dkarte%2Bmallorca%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DN%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1


Košice (VSE)

VSE grid

Košice, Slovakia

2nd site for installation

FCL

FC

L

busbar coupler

High voltage

Medium voltage

transformer

feeder

New developments:



Endesa VSE Eccoflow

Nominal voltage 16.5 kV 24 kV 24 kV

Nominal current 1000 A 1005 A 1005 A

AC withstand voltage 50 kV 50 kV 50 kV

Lightning impulse 125 kV 125 kV 125 kV

Max. prospective current (peak) 22 kA 26 kA 26 kA

Max. limited current (peak) 10.8 kA 17 kA 10.8 kA

Fault duration 1 s 120 ms 1 s

HTS limitation time 80 ms 80 ms 80 ms

Recovery time < 30 s < 30 s < 30 s

New developments:



Module of

components inside

cryostat

System with

parallel impedance

and circuit breaker

limitation

time > 120 ms

inrush currents

> 1.2 kA

„Black Box“

Air Core

Reactor

FCLCircuit

Breaker

FCLFCL

New developments:



Component Design

• 3 x 2 x 2 conductors, about 8 m each

• 1 kArms / 800 Vrms

• no parallel connection of components

needed

• excellent use of volume

• low voltage for the single component

• small AC losses due to multifilar

geometry

• short single pieces of superconducting

tape with mutual protection.

New developments:



Module Design

• Stack of 12 components in

series

• Liquid / gaseous nitrogen

insulating against cryostat

wall

New developments:



Cryostat Design

• 3 nitrogen vessels

• One common

vacuum vessel

• Boiling nitrogen at

77 K

• About 100 W

thermal losses

• G-M cryocooler

• Compact design

• Design close to

series production

New developments:



Loss contribution Loss at 0.1 Ic Loss at 0.5 Ic Loss at 1 Ic

Max. superconductor AC loss < 1 W ~ 10 W 150 W

Max. current lead loss 180 W ~ 220 W 270 W

Cryostat loss 120 W 120 W 120 W

Max. additional loss 1 W 15 W 60 W

Max. total loss at 77 K ~ 300 W ~ 365 W 600 W

Max. electric power at RT ~ 6990 W 8504 W 13980 W

Cryostat Design

• 3 nitrogen vessels

• One common vacuum vessel

New developments:



110-kV-substation

(suburban area)

10-kV-substation

(city center)

40 MVA

Conventional

110-kV-Cable

110-kV-substation

(suburban area)

10-kV-substation

(city center)

40 MVA

Latest Project

AmpaCity

10-kV-HTS cable

Supply of city center by MV HTS cable


Study showed project is

• technically feasible

• economically reasonable

Kick-off Oct. 2011

AmpaCity

Feasibility Study


Dellbrügge

Herkules

position of joints

AmpaCity

in the City of Essen


AmpaCity

HTS cable with stand alone FCL


• Full chain mastered from production of HTS material to

final FCL system (for bulk)

• First commercial FCL systems realized

(w/o any public funding)

• Successful grid operations also with the first HTS

system in a power station worldwide

• Market entry with bulk already achieved

• New development projects started

first system realised based on cc-tape

multipurpose device

new solutions for urban areas

Conclusions


First FCL worldwide

in a power plant

Thank you

for listening!

superconducting fault current limiters

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