supernovas, dark energy, and an accelerating universe: what next? saul perlmutter lawrence berkeley...
TRANSCRIPT
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Supernovas, Dark Energy, and an Accelerating Universe:
What Next?
Saul Perlmutter
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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Abel 370: deep space image
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The Thinker
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Basic concepts
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Me and audience
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Sun 8 minutes ago
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Nearest star & earth orbit
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Nearest galaxy & first evidence of humans
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Nearest clusters & dinosaurs
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Abel 370: deep space image
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Basic concepts: expanding universe
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Picture of Einstein
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Einstein 1920 (3 years after)
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Prism picture
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Frauenhoffer’s spectrum of sun
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Through prism
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Through prism, redshifted
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Doppler shift picture
Object receding:
Long RED waves
Object approaching:
Short BLUE waves
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Hubble’s original Hubble diagram
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Blank Slide
Show Transparencies
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How much is this expansion?
50 km/sec/Mpc
How much growth is this?
I grow an angstrom/year
But –in fact–
things that are bound don’t expand. Photons do!
How fast is this expansion?
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Basic concepts: Redshift
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Stretched wavelengths
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Basic concepts: Standard Candle
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Hubble’s original Hubble diagram
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Candles
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Basic concepts: Age of Universe
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Blank Slide
Show Transparencies
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age of the universe if it hadalways expanded at today’s rate
distance betweengalaxies is growing,but slower, if theuniverse is decelerating
age of theuniverse
Age from H0
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Future possibilities: expand/collapse
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Basic concepts
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(Mo
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FAINTER(Farther)(Further back in time)
EmptyMore redshift
= Faster expansion in past= Expansion is slowing
= More mass in universe
FiniteBorderline
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Picture of accretion on WD star
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lightcurve MPEG movie
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3-panel MPEG movie
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SNe Ia lightcurves (matched)
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Through prism
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3-panel MPEG movie
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Problems with SNe Ia
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Strategy (simple)
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CTIO site
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CTIO 4m dome
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Inside CTIO 4m
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Blank Slide
Show Transparencies
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Before/after & HST
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Strategy with world
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(Mo
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FAINTER(Farther)(Further back in time)
EmptyUniverseEventuallyRecollapses
FiniteBorderline
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Our data on Hubble diagram
UniverseEventuallyRecollapses
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SupernovaCosmologyProject
Calan/TololoSurvey
relative brightness
MO
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HIF
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The Implications of an Accelerating Universe
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Future possibilities: expand/collapse
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Future with accelerating universe
Accelerating Universe
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The Implications of an Accelerating Universe
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Composition of the Cosmos
DarkEnergy:65%
DarkMatter:30%
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Montage of Magazine covers
Breakthrough of the Year:
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Quotes from Theorists
November 30, 1999
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“SNAP”: SuperNova
Acceleration Probe
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Assembling SNAP
Movie courtesy of Hytec
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SNAP Hubble diagram
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N.Y. Times weighs in on Dark Energy
April 10, 2001
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Future with accelerating universe
Accelerating Universe
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Expansion History of the
Universe
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The Expansion History of the Universe
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Quinten Quartet
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Hubble diagram of our data
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Time Magazine weighs in on Dark Energy
Time Magazine 4/16/01
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Telescope Assembly
Movie courtesy of Hytec
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SNAP
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Picture of orbiting HST
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New Yorker cartoon: chicken little
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Extrapolate age from HO
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How to measure cosmology