support to the people affected by cyclone...
TRANSCRIPT
DRAFT – JULY 2009
CYCLONE AILA MAY 25TH 2009
FAO ASSESSMENT AND PROPOSED REHABILITATION INTERVENTION
REHABILITATION OF CROP, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES SECTORS
Support to the people affected by cyclone Aila
FAO-BD, Dhaka – July 2009
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Executive Summary....................................................................................................................4
1. Background.............................................................................................................................5
2. Assessment of the damages to the agricultural sector............................................................5A. Crop Sector:....................................................................................................................5
Background.........................................................................................................................5Damages:.............................................................................................................................6
B. Fisheries sector:..............................................................................................................7Background.........................................................................................................................7Damages..............................................................................................................................8
C. Livestock sector:.............................................................................................................8Background.........................................................................................................................8Damages............................................................................................................................10
3. Proposed Rehabilitation Programme....................................................................................11A. Crop sector:...........................................................................................................11B. Fisheries sector:........................................................................................................11C. Livestock sector:.......................................................................................................12
3.A CROP SECTOR: Detailed plan of operation.................................................................12Targeting of the beneficiaries per crop and related activities..........................................13
3.B FISHERIES Rehabilitation plan for the Aila affected people:......................................13Targeting of beneficiaries: selection criteria...................................................................13Activities in support of the fisheries and aquaculture......................................................14
3.C LIVESTOCK SECTOR: Detailed plan of operations....................................................15Targeting of beneficiaries: selection criteria...................................................................15Activities in support to the livestock sector.......................................................................16
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List of Acronyms and Abbreviation
BFDC : Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation BBS : Bangladesh Bureau of StatisticsBDT : Bangladesh TakaCPUEs : Catch Per Unit Efforts DAE : Department of Agricultural ExtensionDOF : Department of FisheriesDLS : Department of Livestock ServicesEEZ : Exclusive Economic Zone ERCU : Emergency Rehabilitation Co-ordination Unit FAO : Food and Agricultural OrganizationGoB : Government of BangladeshGDP : Gross Domestic ProductsHHs : HouseholdsHYV : High Yielding VarietyM&E : Monitoring and Evaluation NGO : Non-Government OrganizationPIU : Project Implementation UnitPSC : Project Steering Committee PRA : Participatory Rural approaches RAP : Regional Office in Asia and the Pacific
Season Rice crop Jan Feb Apr Mar May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec SystemKharif I Aus RainfedKharif II Amon RainfedRabi Boro Irrigated
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Executive Summary1
The cyclone storm Aila2 hit on 25th of May 2009 26 districts of the coastal areas of Bangladesh. The severe winds and the 12 feet tidal surge have caused severe and profound damages to human lives, households and rural infrastructures (roads, embankments, dams, sluices...), harming the future of the people and their livelihoods in the agriculture sectors of crops, fisheries, and livestock production.
Immediately after the cyclone, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN undertook a damage assessment, in close collaboration with the Department of Agricultural Extensions (MoA), the Department of Livestock and the Department of Fisheries (MoLF), and various partners NGOs and through interactions with the affected peoples. This report provides a synthetic description of the damages to the sub-sectors of crop, fisheries and livestock production.
The assessment has revealed the need to intervene with a set of the key essential interventions for an immediate rehabilitation of the livelihoods of the affected rural populations in crop, fisheries and livestock productions.
The effectiveness of the current recovery and rehabilitation interventions of the GoB will be reinforced by a coordination of the complementary rehabilitation interventions in agriculture, field in which FAO could provide sound experience and technical knowledge.
The Agriculture rehabilitation programme will target the vulnerable populations in the most cyclone Aila-affected Upazilas. The objective is to complement the ongoing interventions of the GoB to contribute to the immediate rehabilitation of the livelihoods in the three agricultural subsectors of crop, fisheries and livestock production, targeting a total of 504,780 households beneficiaries. The most affected households will be selected in coordination with the concerned government counterparts (DAE/MOA; DLS/MOLF; DOF/MOFL) and trusted NGOs. Landless, farmers, fisherfolks and livestock breeders will receive (i) training on agricultural production and (ii) agricultural inputs. The expected result will be a restoration of the livelihoods through restocking, surplus commercialization, and improvement of the dietary intake.
The following table indicates the overall number of most vulnerable affected households that need immediate assistance to rehabilitate their livelihoods. The reported budget for the key suggested interventions is based on FAO estimates described in the report.
Sub-sector Most vulnerable affected households Estimated budget Crop Production 143,312 HHs for Boro (20% of the affected farmers
HHs) 71,656 HHs for Maize (10%) 143,312 HHs for Vegetable Gardening (20%)
8.20 M US$
Fisheries and aquaculture
25,000 fisher farmers (11% of the population)2,500 fisher folks (3.69% of the population)
9.08 M US$
Livestock production
119,000 HHs for livestock and feedings 11.70 M US$
Total: 504,780 Households 28.98 M US$
1 The present report was compiled according to figures provided by the GoB (DAE/MoA; DLS and DoF /MoFL), and on FAO estimates. Further figures are available at the FAO Representation ([email protected]). 2 A Maldives’ word for “dolphin”.
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1. Background
Bangladesh is a low lying country, located in a delta and crossed by more than 230 rivers and branches. With a land area of 147,570 square kilometers and a population of more than 150 million3, it is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Bangladesh is around 429 US$. Its growth rate, around 6.5% in 2006-07, is expected to decline to 6% in 2008-09 due to the global economic recession. Nearly 44% of its population lives below the poverty line, and according to recent estimates, almost 65 million people are food insecure.
The agricultural sector in Bangladesh accounts for more than 21% of the GDP (the crop sector contributes to 11.7%), and employs about 60% of the labour forces. Rice production, whose productivity has tripled in the last three decades, accounts for more than 70% of the sector’s value added.
In Bangladesh, the possibilities to expand the area under cultivation are limited. An increase of surface irrigation could raise the crop intensity in the South, although the agricultural production and the livelihoods in this area are constantly threatened by natural and human induced disasters. The geographical location and geological setting of Bangladesh render it one of the most disaster prone countries of the world, where floods, cyclones, droughts, tidal surges, tornadoes, river erosions, water logging, water and soil salinity and high arsenic content in ground water are amongst the most frequent phenomena.
On May 25th 2009, Cyclone Aila hit 26 districts in the South, affecting a population of around 9 million households (around 3.7 million people). The cultivated land damaged in the area is around 96,617 ha (out of 542,006 ha cultivated in the area); the loss in the production is of around 482,144 MT that is worth of BDT 6,776 million (around 99 M US$).
In 2007, two consecutive floods and the cyclone Sidr damaged the agriculture in the Southern belt. FAO is already working in 29 flood- and 6 cyclone-affected districts. When Aila hit the area, many farmers beneficiaries of FAO’s and others’ emergency and rehabilitation interventions were still trying to recover from the two floods and the cyclone Sidr in 2007. Among them, fisher folks are expected to be the most affected, being the southern belt highly reliant on water resources.
2. Assessment of the damages to the agricultural sector
A. Crop Sector:
Background
The agricultural sector employs over 25 million people. Its contribution to the GDP is 21 %, out of which the crop sector contributes 11.70%. The major crops grown in Bangladesh are rice, jute, wheat, sugarcane, potato, maize, vegetables etc. Rice production accounts for more than 70% sector’s value added. The total cereal food productions 35.29 million MT, out of which rice production is 27.3 million and wheat 0.73 million. The total cultivable land is 9 million ha (6.1 million ha irrigated) and the crop intensity is 175%.4
Damages: The main standing crops damaged by the cyclone Aila are: Aus seed bed; Transplanted Aus; Boro; Jute; Chili; Groundnut; Seame; Mungbean; Betle leaf; summer vegetables; and other minor crops. The
3 Population estimated in mid 2006 at 138.8 million and population growth rate 1t 1.3 per year4 Crop intensity: number of crops per year. Single cropped area: 1.8 million ha; double cropped area: 4.4 million ha; and triple cropped area:1.8 million ha.
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table here below reports the damages occurred to the agricultural sector in the 135 affected Upazilas in 26 districts. Overall, a total of 917,712 households5 were affected by cyclone Aila.
Table 1: Crop wise damage report caused by cyclone AILA (updated 31 May 2009) Name of the Crops
Total land under standing crops (ha)
Total damage of crop land (ha)
Total loss of production (MT)
Number of affected farm familyMarginal and small
Medium Large Total
Aus seed bed 9437 3199 64630.7 77497 18148 5115 100760Aus 235555 53122 136584.5 227135 41890 10584 279609Boro 63367 1054 4058.7 12658 2747 983 16388Jute 14668 322 2843.2 2078 695 208 2981Chili 20644 7177 6498.5 53949 14715 1793 70457G.Nut 2013 996.5 1103 8908 3145 594 12647Seasame 14940 3136.8 15172.7 15793 5333 1417 22543Vegetables 72412 9230.8 111949.6 191381 57865 10475 259721Mungbean 2970 388 536.6 6853 2456 521 9830Bettle Leaf 12418 1087 11841 22055 9264 2694 34013Others 93582 10414 126925.6 66674 32588 9501 108763Total 542006 96617 482144 684981 188846 43885 917712Source: Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Khamarbari, Dhaka – 1215
As shown in the table, around 22.5% (53122 ha) of the area cultivated with transplanted Aus rice and around 30% (3199 ha) of the area with Aus seedbeds were damaged. The cyclone affected also around 9,230 ha of summer vegetables cultivations (Cucumber, sweet gourd, ridged gourd, amaranths, okra, bitter gourd, ash gourd etc.), as well as sesame, mungbean, groundnut and betle leaf – among the main cash crops cultivated in the area.
The tables here below (Table 2 and Table 3) present the information only for the 111 most severely affected Upazilas in 18 affected districts in the division of Khulna, Barisal, Chittagong, Rajshahi and Dhaka. The damages of cyclone Aila affected the Aus rice (not only seedbeds, as part of it had already been transplanted)6, as well as summer vegetables and banana plantations.
Table 2: Losses in ha and equivalent estimated value in BDT
Item Total Land (ha) Total Loss (,000 BDT) 1 Aus Seed Bed 5493 302112 Transplanted Aus 53122 23904903 Summer Vegetables 18921 22705204 Banana 6952 2085600
Total: 84488 6776821
Table 3: Damage Assessment of Crop Sector by Cyclone AILA
5 The number is based on the estimate provided on 31 May 2009 by the GoB. Further sources (DMIC, 11 June 2009) indicate in 948,621 the number of households affected by cyclone Aila. 6 Note: Loss was calculated in BDT using the following rates:
Aus seed bed (Hec): a) Land preparation Tk. 2500 b) Seed 40 kg @ Tk. 30 = Tk. 1200 c) Organic manure (cow dung / compost) = Tk. 1000 d) Labour & others = Tk. 800 Total: Tk.5500.
Transplanted Aus: Production = 3 MT/ hector @ Tk. 15000 MT Summer Vegetables: Average Production = 10 MT per hector @ Tk. 12/ kg, one MT = Tk. 12000. Banana: Production = 20 MT/ hector @ Tk. 15 per kg, so one MT = Tk. 15000.
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Sl.No.
Name of District
Number of
Upazila Affected
Aus seed bed Transplanted Aus Summer Vegetables Banana Total
Crop Sector Loss (BDT
"000")
Total Land (ha)
Total Loss (BDT
"000")
Total Land (ha)
Total Loss (BDT
"000")
Total Land (ha)
Total Loss (BDT
"000")
Total Land (ha)
Total Loss (BDT
"000") Khulna Division 1 Khulna 10 134 6030 3085 370200 3762302 Bagerhat 6 350 1925 795 35775 817 98040 1357403 Satkhira 7 803 36135 217 26040 621754 Jessore 8 947 113640 253 75900 1895405 Meherpur 3 760 91200 1130 339000 430200
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6 Chuadanga 4 2450 294000 1000 300000 5940007 Jenaidah 6 1835 220200 3810 1143000 13632008 Kushtia 6 60 7200 245 73500 80700 SUB TOTAL 50 350 1925 1732 77940 10171 1220520 6438 1931400 3231785 Barisal Division 9 Barisal 10 6000 270000 1900 228000 49800010 Bhola 7 1600 72000 100 12000 8400011 Pirojpur 7 735 4042 6000 270000 1570 188400 46244212 Jhalokathi 4 708 3894 7000 315000 1700 204000 52289413 Patuakhali 7 2200 12100 13000 585000 1200 144000 74110014 Barguna 5 1100 6050 10000 450000 1300 156000 612050 SUB TOTAL 40 4743 26086 43600 1962000 7770 932400 0 0 2920486 Chittagong Division
15 Noakhali 6 400 2200 7000 315000 200 24000 341200 SUB TOTAL 6 400 2200 7000 315000 200 24000 0 0 341200 Rajshahi Division
16 Rajshahi 7 100 12000 100 30000 4200017 Thakurgaon 5 390 17550 335 40200 414 124200 181950 SUB TOTAL 12 0 0 390 17550 435 52200 514 154200 223950 Dhaka Division
18 Gopalganj 3 400 18000 345 41400 59400 SUB TOTAL 3 0 0 400 18000 345 41400 0 0 59400
TOTAL: 111 5493 30211 53122 2390490 18921 2270520 6952 2085600 6776821
B. Fisheries sector:
BackgroundBangladesh is a low-lying deltaic country. Rivers and canals are flowing throughout the whole country like a net. The ponds, haors, baors and seasonal floodwaters, the climate, photoperiod and water quality are favorable for fish culture. Moreover, significant quantities of fish are being harvested from the Bay of Bengal. As a result, capture fisheries and aquaculture have become an integral part of the culture and heritage of the people of Bangladesh. The fisheries sector represents not only a significant share of the economy (23% of agricultural production and 4.9% of the country’s GDP) and a critical factor for employment generation, but also a source of nutrient and food consumption diversification, as 63% of animal proteins comes from fish. In 2006-2007, the foreign exchange earnings from fish and shrimps were around US $515 million (around 36,050 M BDT), representing 5% of the total export earnings.
In coastal areas in particular, fisheries and aquaculture represent the main livelihoods. 10% of the total population is directly or indirectly involved in fisheries. The prevalence of brackish water facilitates the sector of aquaculture (shrimps cultivation mainly), that represents 39% of the total production.7
Damages The main damages of Aila occurred to pond fish, shrimp ghers and artisanal fisheries of the coastal districts. In fisheries sector 183,838 Carp ponds covering 10,102 hectares of water bodies and 36,836 ghers covering 81,097 hectares of shrimp area were inundated. According to the Department of Fisheries the financial loss due to inundation is 3,873 million BDT (approximately 56 M USD). However FAO observation is that these figures are conservative. Here below (Table 4) the most significant details of the damages that struck in Khulna, Barisal and Chittagong Division.
7 More detailed information about the value of the natural resources in fisheries sectors in Bangladesh
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Loss of fish in Ponds/dhighis: In total 183,838 ponds covering an area of 10102 hectares were inundated. Due to tidal surge in total 5,082 MT of fish worth 7,939 million BDT (approximately 116 M USD) were lost.
Loss of Shrimp in Ghers: Shrimp is the second largest export item of Bangladesh. Because of the Aila 36,836 shrimp ghers covering an area of 81,097 hectares were inundated and many cases embankment were washed away. Shrimp production is a relatively capital intensive technology and at the time Aila hit the area, farmers were expecting a return on their investment as the shrimps would have been harvested after 40-50 days.
Loss of Boats and Nets: Despite the efficiency of the early warning system, the unexpectedly high tidal surge broke the embankments in many points and struck the boats anchored in time. According to a preliminary assessment, 13,547 boats were damaged for an approximate value of 677 million BDT (equivalent to around 9.8 M US$), representing a significant loss of capital and of opportunity for an early recovery.
C. Livestock sector:
Background Livestock and poultry play an important role in the economy of Bangladesh, contributing to 3% of the overall GDP8, and employing 15% of the labour forces. The introduction of microfinance through the government and NGOs in the past 25 years, along with introduction of a nation-wide vaccination programme and community-based training programmes in livestock and poultry management and development has made a significant contribution to the growth of livestock, enabling poor households to benefit directly and/or indirectly and to improve their livelihoods. The livestock and poultry sectors have emerged as promising and dynamic areas with great potential for rapid poverty reduction.
Small ruminants, chicken and ducks are the main assets of the landless rural dwellers, representing not only a source of income but also their capital to fulfill their social and economic needs (health, education, weddings...).
According to the Bangladesh Economic Review (BER) 2004, livestock growth rate in 2003-04 was the highest in the agriculture sector (4.5% compared to 2.8% for crops and 2.2% for fisheries), indicating a steady growth in the sub-sector. The hides and skin contributes substantially in earning 6-7% of the nationally export revenue.
8 Bangladesh Economic Review (BER), 2008
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Table 4: Damages to Fisheries sector
Name of
Division
Name of affected
District by Aila
Number of
damaged Upazila
Number of
damaged Union
Number of Ponds
and Dhighis
Number of ghers
Number of Boat
and Trawler
Area of
Pond (hec)
Area of Ghers (hec)
Nature of Damage and Amount Damage of Infrastructure
Amount & Number of Fish washed out by Aila
Value of Fish washed out by Aila
Quantity of
Shrimp
Number of Seed
Number PL
Value of
Fish
Value of Shrimp
Value of Seed
Value of PL
T T T T T hec hec MT MT In Lakh
In Lakh
In Lakh In Lakh In Lakh
In Lakh Tk.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17Chittagong
Cox's Bazar 7 45 65 936 0 21 11376,81 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Feni 1 2 600 0 0 0 120,00 60 0 0 30 0 0 60
Chittagong 5 19 699 0 0 0 412,72 108,3 48,35 7,2 85,6 79,1 18,1 53Noakhali 2 18 100 4 0 0 7,00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Laxmipur 5 58 270 0 175 39 0 51,3 0 0 33,88 0 0 0
Khulna
Sub-total 20 142 1734 940 175 60 11916,53 219,6 48 7,2 0 149 79,1 18,1 113Khulna 7 56 10287 10798 436 43,6 28403,78 978,9 4536,07 0 198,67 5425,83 0 414,6Jessore 1 1 274 294 0 26,33 127,41 10 11 0,5 0,5 9 44 0 0
Shatkhira 6 35 2822 6387 0 42,8 90 2316 3597 0 4,29 1426 6425 0 0Bagerhat 7 45 7185 14401 0 589,75 32508,82 334,91 1968,66 0 246,11 4782,93 0 0
Sub-total 21 137 20568 17629 436 702,48 61130,01 3640 10113 0,5 4,79 1879,78 16677,76 0 414,6
Barisal
Barguna 5 35 4532 128 684 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Bhola 7 59 55650 150 4083 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jhalakati 4 34 8593 0 100 6000 387 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Pirojpur 7 54 24169 2001 0 797,77 0 0 0 0 7,4 577,67 0 0Barisal 10 67 19302 0 0 0 1172,1 3,6 48,5 1,68 0 0 0 0
Patuakhali 7 50 49290 1717 8069 5293,65 35,55 2215 0 0 5873 6597 0 0 Sub-total 40 299 161536 3996 12936 0 6085,65 1594,65 2218,6 48,5 1,68 5880,4 7174,67 0 0
Grand Total 81 578 183838 22565 13547 762,48 79132,19 5454 12380 56 6,47 7909,66 23931,53 18,1 527,6
Source: GoB
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The livestock sub-sector offers considerable employment opportunities, particularly for the rural poor, providing self-employment to some 3 million rural women between 1993 and 20029, through small-scale livestock. Goat, chicken, and duck farming playing important role in poverty reduction and supporting national institutions to move forward with one of the vital MDGs.
Milk, meat, meat, and eggs play an important role in people’s daily diet, yet current production covers less than a third of the national requirements. As a result, deficiency in protein and nutritious food products is acute in the country, especially among the rural poor with limited purchasing power.
Almost every household in Bangladesh has chicken flocks. Ducks are commonly found in substantial numbers along the riverbanks and marshland. Most households with small to medium farms use poultry farming as a commercial activity for supplementary income, investing the income to purchase goats and cattle. In addition to improved livelihoods, goats and cattle are considered important bases of household asset.
The livestock production system is unique in Bangladesh. It is mainly dependent on crop and other agro by-products. Cattle farming can be found in different sizes, depending on household income and land ownership, especially as cattle and crops are complementary to each other. Cattle and buffalo till land and provide manure to the fields whereas livestock eats crop residues. Subsequently, livestock farming and production vary from household to household, depending on their agriculture assets. However, poultry farming, especially small and medium size by poorer households does not require much investment in feed, as most can survive on scavenging among household and agriculture waste.
Damages More than 4.6 million chickens and 1.4 million ducks were affected in 12 districts by the cyclone Aila. 129,289 chickens and 40,364 ducks are reported to be dead up to 06/6/09. The estimates provided by the Department of Livestock Services (DLS) BDT 92 for chickens and BDT 80 for ducks, are inferior to the prevailing market prices in the area. FAO’s estimates for the value of the loss of chickens and ducks are around BDT 15.12 million (222,000 USD), which excludes the value of the affected animal sheds and other available feeds. Moreover, the figures could increase as many other volatiles become vulnerable to diseases due to various stress and lack of feed.
Barisal Division was the Division most affected by losses in chicken (around 3.34 million heads), followed by Khulna Division (1.26 million chicken deaths). The ranking is similar for affected ducks (1.32 million and 0.16 million in Barisal and Khulna respectively). In case of death of poultry birds, 57,738 of chicken and 34,803 ducks died in Barisal Division. In Khulna Division the death figures of chickens and ducks are 116,232 and 10,668 respectively. Livestock damages in Cox’s Bazar were very minor.
9 Danida, 2002 Report
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3. Proposed Rehabilitation Programme
Goal of FAO emergency intervention is to restore the livelihoods of the most affected households, aiming in particular at their food security and at the reduction of their vulnerability to future shocks.
A. Crop sector: FAO assessed the damage for crop sector in 26 affected districts. The survey took into consideration the major crops like Aus rice seedlings, standing Aus crops, Vegetables, and Bananas. The assessment revealed damages to around 99,617 hectares out of the 542,006 hectares in the area. Around 482,144 MT of standing major crops were damaged, for a total amount of around BDT 6.7 billion, equivalent to around 99 M US$. Moreover, jute, chili, groundnut, sesame, mung bean, and beetle leaf damages yet to be asserted.
Post-assessment FAO planned intervention: Objective: The aim of the proposed activities is to rehabilitate the livelihoods of the most affected farmers in the crop sector, through providing the farmers with inputs for Boro Rice, Maize, and Winter Vegetables.
Beneficiaries: among the most affected households, the FAO assessment mission suggests to target 143,312 farmers for the production of Boro rice (20% of the most affected households farmers), 71,656 farmers for wheat production (10%), and 143,312 farmers for vegetables cultivation (20%) in 18 districts in Khulna, Barisal, Rajshahi, Chittagong and Dhaka Division.
Budget: The total cost of the project is around 8.2 M US$.
B. Fisheries sector: The fisheries sector faced the major damages due to cyclone Aila. The assessment was done for 15 severely affected districts in Khulna, Barisal, and Chittagong Divisions. Shrimp is the 2 nd largest export item of Bangladesh after garments. The livelihoods of millions of people depend on this sector. Shrimp processors, workers, traders, consumers and all the fisher folks are suffering serious damages. Carp fish is the main source of protein supply, where livelihoods of many people are involved. In total 5454 metric tons of fish worth taka 791 million washed away. Because of high salinity there is little hope for their survival. Similarly, 5.57 million carp fry which has gone to flood water may not survive because of high salinity. Banks of the ghers are severely damaged and need immediate repairs for restarting shrimps and fish cultivation. It is worth noticing that the losses from shrimp’s ghers may not represent a national loss. Overall, the total loss has been assessed at BDT 3,873.3 million, equivalent to around US$ 56.54 million.
Post-assessment FAO planned intervention: Objective: FAO emergency intervention will aim to rehabilitate the livelihoods of the poorest households in the fisheries sector. The activities will be structured in three parts: short-term, where the priority is water purification, soil mineralization and carp fingerling stocking; a the medium-term impact part, focusing on the rehabilitation of the embankments and of the stock of shrimp seeds; and a long-term part, focusing on training and awareness building.
Beneficiaries: around 27,500 farmers and fisher folks10, representing 11% of the fish farmers (25,000 HHs) and 3.69% fisher folks (2,500 HHs).
Budget: The estimated cost of the proposed rehabilitation will be of around 9,08 M US$.
10 The detailed distribution of selected beneficiaries is as follows: Carp 15,000; Bagda 9,000; Galda 1,000 and 2,500 fisher folks.
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C. Livestock sector: 12 districts have been targeted for the assessment of the damages to livestock sector. Cyclone Aila has killed 129,289 heads of chickens; 40,364 ducks; 7,382 goats; 1584 sheep; 3,666 cattle; and 1493 buffaloes. 64,342 hectares of grazing lands were inundated causing a huge deficit of fodder for animals. Moreover, around 28,601 MT of concentrate feed were lost, for a total amount of 572 M BDT (8,3 M US$). The deaths of animals caused an economic damage of around 92.26 M BDT (1.34 M US$). This loss does not include the actual cost of the inundation of grazing lands and damaged rice straw. In addition to that 765 small-scale poultry and 215 dairy firms were damages causing an estimated loss of BDT 10.9 million (around 160,000 USD), but the FAO estimate (based different costs: i.e. BDT 10,000 and BDT 15,000 for a poultry and a dairy firm respectively) is higher than the one of the DLS.
Post-assessment FAO planned intervention: Objective: FAO intervention will aim to rehabilitate the most affected livelihoods in the livestock sector, through the distribution of inputs such as animal feed, FMD vaccines and anthelmintic tablet, and the restocking of small-large ruminants.
Beneficiaries: 119,000 beneficiaries in 12 districts affected by Aila. The emergency operation needs to start immediately to address the rehabilitation of the most affected beneficiaries.
Budget: Upon calculation of the damages and of the corresponding requirements, it is estimated that a total of 11,7 M US$ will be required.
In order to facilitate the strategy from emergency to development interventions, along the proposed activities FAO will identify the most appropriate support to stimulate and reinforce micro and small enterprises, to facilitate food production and create rural employment.
3.A CROP SECTOR: Detailed plan of operation
The agricultural rehabilitation programme has been planned to start in the coming Rabi season. Due to water salinity, in the area of Barisal and Khulna Aus rice is cultivated in the late season. The transplantation of Aus in this area starts in the first week of May, while in other regions it happens one month earlier. By consequence, Aila has hit both the fields cultivated with Aus and the early cultivations of Amon. In Amon season the farmers prefer to grow local varieties – Sadamota and Lalmota, covering around 75% of the total Amon rice area. For a rehabilitation programme in Amon season, it will be difficult to procure the local variety of seeds. Cultivation of HYV rice in Amon season is not possible because of the 2-3 feet water height in the field during the rainy season.
Various studies shows that marginal and small farmers adopt the new technology in crop cultivation as an early adaptors and also innovators in Bangladesh, hence the decision to target marginal and small farmers in the Agricultural Rehabilitation Programme. Considering the availability of inputs, feasibility and agro ecological zones (AEZ), only 50% of the affected marginal and small farmers will receive assistance. For Boro rice (20% of the affected households), Vegetables (20%), and Maize (10%), the inputs will be distributed as per priority list of the particular area. The target area will cover 111 affected Upazilas of 18 districts. On the basis of the damage, 50% of the affected Marginal and Small farmers will receive assistance in the coming Rabi season 2009, through the activities specified below.
Targeting of the beneficiaries per crop and related activities
1. Boro rice Rehabilitation Program
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Improved Boro rice seeds and fertilizers will be distributed to Small and Marginal farmers. The package per household will include 5 Kg of improved Boro rice seeds; 25 Kg of Urea; 10 Kg of TSP/DAP; 12 Kg of MOP. Overall, about 143,312 farmers (representing 20% of the affected households) will be provided with 716 MT rice seed, 3582 MT Urea, 1433 MT TSP and 1719 MT of MOP fertilizers to cultivate Boro rice in Rabi season.
2. Maize Rehabilitation Program Marginal and small farmers 10% of the affected) will get Hybrid Mize seed for 16.5 decimal (1/2 Bigha) of land, the inputs are as follows. The agricultural package will include 2 Kg of Maize seeds; 33 Kg of Urea; 17 Kg of TSP/DAP; 12 Kg of MOP; and 7 Kg of Zypsum. Around 143 MT of Maize seed will be provided to 71,656 farmers. Along with seed a total of 2364 MT of urea, 1218 MT of TSP, 859 MT of MOP and 573 MT of Zypsum fertilizers will be provided free of cost to support Maize cultivation.
The expected result is to restore their source of income and at the same time provide fodder from the Maize plant for livestock breeding.
3. Winter Vegetables Rehabilitation Program
Marginal and small farmers, (10% of the affected) will get winter vegetable seed and fertilizer for 3 decimal of land. Each farmer will get 2 packets of vegetable seed and fertilizer. The package includes a quantity of 15 grams of vegetable seeds of different varieties (Cucumber seed packet, Bitter gourd seed packet, Okra seed packet, Red Amaranth’s seed packet, Sweet gourd seed packet, Gima Kalmi seed packet) and chemical fertilizers such as Urea 2 kg, TSP 1 kg, Potash 1 kg.
As environmentally friendly and more sustainable alternative opportunity, chemical fertilizers could also be substituted by organic fertilizers, and training with provision of light equipment for composting will make farmers’ self-sufficient for the following seasons. The targeted number of beneficiaries is 143,312 households farmers (20% of the affected households). Overall, the package will include 4299348 MT of vegetable seed and 286623 MT urea, 43311 MT of TSP and MOP fertilizers in an area of 1,770 cultivated ha of land.
The expected result is to increase and enrich the household members’ dietary intake of vitamins and minerals and other essential nutrients and to gain extra income through marketing of surplus products.
3.B FISHERIES Rehabilitation plan for the Aila affected people:A proper rehabilitation of the fisheries sector has to be multiphase. In the short-term, the priority is water purification, soil mineralization and carp fingerling stocking as the immediate need of fisher folks. In the medium term, the focus is the rehabilitation of embankments and of the stock of shrimp seeds. For the long term the focus should be on training and awareness building to increase the productivity.
The project will aim to increase food security, improving the nutritional status and reducing the poverty of landless, marginal and small rural households.
Targeting of beneficiaries: selection criteria
Per capita land availability is low and consequently the income potential. About three quarters of the rural population is composed of landless labourers and marginal farmers with less than 0.2 hectares of land. Fisheries is not an exception: smallholder fisheries is the prevailing model, and often the farmers are daily workers depending on large money lenders and landowners. Most of the pond size is about
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10-25 decimal, but collectively managed ghers are slightly bigger. The rehabilitation programme will target its beneficiaries in the fisheries sector according to the following criteria:
(i) For culture fisheries Aquaculture: Landless, marginal and small holder farms shall be given priority (these include farms having
less than 250 decimal land). De facto female headed hosueholds should be given priority. Households should not receive aquaculture inputs from other sources. Households should not receive remittances from outside the district.
(ii) For capture fisheries: First priority should be given to landless fisher households working as fisher groups who lost
the access to fishing assets and housing before SIDR/Aila. The groups should before SIDR/Aila have fished on smaller vessels (25 – 30 ft) and have been
engaged in river, estuary or coastal fisheries De facto female headed households, with members who are fishers, should be given priority Households should not receive fisheries inputs from other sources Households should not receive remittances from outside the district
Activities in support of the fisheries and aquaculture
The project will provide improved boats for increased mobility and safety of small-scale fishing boats (utilizing local materials) and selective fishing gear, suitable for groups of landless fishers.
2,500 fisher’s and 25,000 landless or small-scale fish farmers will be targeted through Participatory Rural Appraisal methodologies. Training in group dynamics, business administration, and other participatory techniques will be used to facilitate the creation of new groups. Procurement and delivery of inputs to implementing partners of capture fisheries and aquaculture will made available as per table given below.
Table 5: Fisheries Packages Amount Unit (US$) Total US$Aquaculture Package - Carp Fish (seeds, feed, lime), for households with 20 decimal pond: 15,000 55 82,500Aquaculture Package - Golda Shrimps (seeds, feed, lime) , for household with 20 decimal gher: 1,000 55 55,000Aquaculture Package - Bagda Shrimps (seeds, feed, lime), for households with 20 decimal ghers 9,000 45 405,000Mechanized Fishing ( one boat shared by 5 fishers):- improved wooden mechanized fishing boat (30 feet) and safety equipment- improved fishing gear (net, floats, sinkers etc)
500500
1,800450
900,000225,000
Total Cost 1,667,500
Training will be imparted to 25,000 of farmers and 500 Groups of fisher’s. This activity would include the establishment of group-based ventures to test and demonstrate the improved technologies.
Budget
The total loss calculated as BDT 3873.277 million, which is equivalent to US$ 56.54 million. But for rehabilitation in total 621 million BDT equivalent to 9.08 M US$ has been proposed primarily to address the poorest group of people. With this budget about 27,500 farmers and fisher’s (Carp-15,000; Bagda-9,000; Galda-1,000 and 2,500 fishers) can be rehabilitated. This proposed budget will cover only 11% of the farmers and 3.69% fisher’s.
Table 6: Rehabilitation Budget: Short-term; mid-term; long-term.Item Shot term Mid term Long term
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Sl. No.
Total Cost BDT (Million)
Quantity
Value BDT
(Million)
Quantity Value BDT
(Million)
Quantity Value BDT (Million)
01 Lime for water sanitation
4450 MT 66.74 - - - - 66.74
02 Carp package (carp fry, feed & fertilizer)
15,000 beneficia
ries
57.75 - - - - 57.75
03 Repair of Shrimp Ghers
- - 16500 hec 259 - - 259
04 Galda - - 1000 benef.
3.85 - - 3.85
05 Bagda - - 9000 benef.
28.35 - - 28.35
06 ICE Box - - 25000 50 - - 5007 Training
(beneficiaries)- - - - 27,500 13.42 13.42
08 Life Jacket - - - - 25000 50 5009 Radio - - - - 25000 13 1310 Net - - - - 500 15.75 15.7511 Boat - - - - 500 63 63Grand Total (BDT) 124.49 341.2 155.17 620.86Grand Total (USD) 1,820,00
04,988,304 2,268,567 9,076,901
3.C LIVESTOCK SECTOR: Detailed plan of operations
Cyclone Aila caused damages to livestock resources in 12 districts. The damages occurred in Cox’s Bazar were limited. The DAE report reveals that Aila in 12 districts naming Khulna, Bagerhat, Satkhira in Khulna Division, Barisal, Bhola, Pirojpur, Jhalkathi, Patuakhali, and Barguna of Barisal Division, and Noakhali, Luxmipur, and Cox’s Bazar of Chittagong Division affected about 610,000 small and marginal farmers. These are districts that DLS has earmarked as livestock affected areas caused by Aila. DAE did not include the landless rural dwellers in their damage list, as this segment of people is not considered as farmer as such. Landless people live on selling labour, subsistence level of livestock rearing, open water fishing, and occasionally leasing in lands for crop cultivation. One can easily add 30% more to the above-said 610,000 to the damage list. Considering that, it is estimated that 793,000 households could qualify to be beneficiary of the proposed rehabilitation programme for livestock activities. Considering the time constraint it is proposed that 119,000 households, about 15% of the Aila victims comprising of the landless and small and marginal farmers to address to rehabilitation and livelihoods support programme by providing livestock inputs from FAO.
Targeting of beneficiaries: selection criteriaThe rehabilitation of livestock sector activities will target landless and small and marginal farming households that were affected by the cyclone Aila and lost all or part of their assets (livestock resources).
Apart from the death of different species of livestock many are already weak due to stress from cyclone Aila. These animals are facing lack of severe shortage of feeds as there is no grazing land left and the rice straw is damaged. Also the animals need anthelmintic and vitamin tablets. There is an immense need of FMD vaccine and anthelmintic tablet as emergency basis. A total amount of 119,000 beneficiaries will be targeted to support in the livestock sector, including 15,000 households that will receive also live animals and other related supports to restock their capital. The entire 119,000 households will receive FMD vaccines and anthelmintic tablets. Each family will be receiving 5 doses of FMD vaccines and 5 tablets of anthelmintic tablets roughly. Among 119,000
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households 38,000 will be receiving animal feed as a means of supporting the affected livestock population in 63 Upazilas of 12 districts in Khulna, Barisal, and Chittagong Division.
Activities in support to the livestock sector
Emergency Livestock Feed (Total US$ 2,332,350)One of the acute problems of post Aila in the affected districts is scarcity of animal feeds. The entire grazing land has been inundated as well as the rice straw – commonly used also as animal feed, is damaged by the saline and muddy water.
The emergency activity will supply 6,390 MT of concentrate feed to 38,000 targeted households. This will support the affected households in feeding their animals and birds for 90 days. The budget requirement is of US$ 2,332,350.
It reveals from the report and discussion with different livestock officials in the cyclone victim areas that most of the livestock has been affected by the floodwater and damage of animal sheds in areas where the livestock was already vulnerable, affected by scarcity of feed and by the exposure to different diseases including parasitic infestation.
Proposal is made here to supply FMD vaccines and anthelmintic tablets to 119,000 households in 63 Upazilas of 11 affected districts. An estimated cost of 155,000 US dollars would be required to address to this acute problems.
Table 7: Emergency Livestock Feed support for 90 days to severely affected people
BeneficiaryNo. all kinds of ruminants
No. Poultry birds
Feed requirement
(MT) Price in USDKhulna Division Khulna 3000 3000 30000 540 197100Bagerhat 3000 3000 30000 540 197100Satkhira 4000 4000 50000 810 295650Barisal Division Barisal 3000 3000 30000 540 197100Bhola 4500 3500 40000 675 246375Pirojpur 4500 3500 40000 675 246375Jhalkathi 2000 2000 20000 360 131400Patuakhali 4500 3500 40000 675 246375Barguna 3000 3000 30000 540 197100Chittagong Division Noakhali 4500 3500 40000 675 246375Luxmipur 2000 2000 20000 360 131400Cox's bazar Non targeted NA NA NA NATotal 38000 34000 370000 6390 2332350
Restocking of Large and Small Ruminants (Total US$ 1,950,000)Local goat, heifer cow or buffalo will be provided to the Aila affected households as they can adapt to the local condition easily.
Goat is one of the most common assets of the landless, small and marginal farmers. Due to Aila 8,483 goats and sheep was killed in above-mentioned 63 Upazilas. It is apprehended that the death toll would go high due to lack of feed and subsequent diseases. Also other affected households that lost chicken and duck would be supported by giving them goat. It is proposed to support 15,000
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households by supplying 30,000 goats and feed to restart livelihoods. An estimated cost for this activity would be US$ 1,950,000.
Table 8: Breakdown of costs for a livestock package Amount Unit cost (US$)
Total cost (US$)
Goat package per household (goats/beneficiary)-quarantined for 21 days and vaccinated female goat of around 12 months age weighing 12 Kg -concentrate animal feed-support to make shedTotal cost
2
100 kg1
40
0.3515
80
3515
130Adult heifer-vaccinated heifer cow or buffalo-concentrate feed-support to make shedTotal
1100
1
3000.35150
30035
150485
Breakdown of costs for Goat Restocking in the Aila affected areas (2 animals in one package)
Number of package and cost Beneficiary Unit Total Unit price (US$) Total price (US$)
Khulna Division 1 Khulna 1200 Each 1200 130 1560002 Bagerhat 1200 Each 1200 130 1560003 Satkhira 1500 Each 1500 130 195000 Barisal Division 04 Barisal 1200 Each 1200 130 1560005 Bhola 1500 Each 1500 130 1950006 Pirojpur 1500 Each 1500 130 1950007 Jhalkathi 1000 Each 1000 130 1300008 Patuakhali 1500 Each 1500 130 1950009 Barguna 1200 Each 1200 130 156000 Chittagong Division 0
10 Noakhali 1500 Each 1500 130 19500011 Luxmipur 1000 Each 1000 130 13000012 Cox's Bazar 700 Each 700 130 91000 Total 15000 15000 1950000
Restocking of heifer cow and buffalo (Total cost US$ 7,275,000)
In addition to 15,000 packages of goat packages, 15,000 packages for large ruminant are also proposed. A package would cost US$ 485 and the total estimated cost would be US$ 7,275,000. This package will not only rehabilitate the affected farmers that lost cattle and buffaloes but also contribute to increased milk production and thus facilitate improved nutrition. Buffaloes would be useful for tilling, hauling, and also milk production
Breakdown of costs for restocking of large ruminants (2 heads per package)
Number of package and cost
Sl. No Beneficiary Unit Total Unit price
(US$)Total price
(US$)Khulna Division
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1 Khulna 1200 Each 1200 485 5820002 Bagerhat 1200 Each 1200 485 5820003 Satkhira 1500 Each 1500 485 727500 Barisal Division 04 Barisal 1200 Each 1200 485 5820005 Bhola 1500 Each 1500 485 7275006 Pirojpur 1500 Each 1500 485 7275007 Jhalkathi 1000 Each 1000 485 4850008 Patuakhali 1500 Each 1500 485 7275009 Barguna 1200 Each 1200 485 582000 Chittagong Division 0
10 Noakhali 1500 Each 1500 485 72750011 Luxmipur 1000 Each 1000 485 48500012 Cox's bazar 700 Each 700 485 339500 Total 15000 15000 7275000
Dhaka, July 2009
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