suprasegmental perception. suprasegmental phonology prosodic boundary cues lexical stress rhythm...
TRANSCRIPT
Suprasegmental Perception
Suprasegmental Phonology
• prosodic boundary cues• lexical stress• rhythm• phrasal stress• lexical tone
What parts of language can you hear?
• Farsi passage• Farsi clip
Evidence of general sensitivity to prosody
• newborns and very young infants• we’ve already discussed HAS• Sucking Preference Technique
– each infant’s base rate of sucking rate is established– half of the infants hear the experimental stimulus for sucking
over the base rate and hear the control stimulus for sucking under the base rate
– half hear the control stimulus for sucking over the base rate and hear the experimental stimulus for sucking under the base rate
Sensitivity to prosody using sucking preference
• newborns can discriminate mother’s voice from that of another woman
• newborns can discriminate a Dr. Seuss story that their mother read during pregnancy (e.g., “The Cat in the Hat”) from another Dr. Seuss story (e.g., “The Grinch”)
• newborns can discrimination their native language from another language based on prosody (e.g., French vs. Russian)
Sensitivity to Clausal Prosody
• newborns to 1-year-olds• HAS• Sucking Preference• Headturn Preference• Reinforced Headturn
Infants prefer exaggerated clausal prosody
• clauses are marked more in infant-directed speech– You like vanilla / and I like chocolate.– Mommy’s gonna get you some milk / when she
goes to the store.– / signals clause boundary
• even newborn infants prefer this type of speech, as shown by sucking preference
Infants prefer typical prosodic cues to clauses
• Pauses inserted at slashes– Her wicked stepmother told Cinderella / that she
couldn’t go to the ball. (good prosody)– Her wicked stepmother told Cinderella that she /
couldn’t go to the ball. (bad prosody)• Headturn Preference Procedure• 10-month-olds prefer correct pauses• so do 4.5-month-olds• infants also show sensitivity to prosody in music
(Mozart minuets)
Sensitivity to Phrasal Prosody
• 6- to 12-month-olds• Headturn Preference
Infants prefer typical cues to phrasal prosody
• Pauses inserted at slashes– The caterpillar / became a beautiful butterfly.– The caterpillar became a beautiful / butterfly.
• Headturn Preference Procedure• 9-month-olds, but not younger infants, prefer pauses
at phrase boundaries• Only for infant directed speech (remember when we
get to syntax)• Sensitivity to prosody might cue sentence structure
Sensitivity to Word (Lexical) Prosody
• 6- to 12-month-olds• Headturn Preference Procedure
Infants prefer the typical lexical stress of their language
• infants presented with 2 word lists– SW– WS
• 9-month-olds,but not 6-month-olds, prefer SW
Infants use lexical stress to locate words in sentences
• 9-month-olds were trained on passages like
– SW words - The kingdom was located in a lovely hamlet.
– WS words - The beret was near the guitar.
• they were tested on word lists containing parts of words from the passages or whole words
– king, ham, ray, tar
– kingdom, hamlet, beret, guitar
• Results ...
Finding Words in Passages
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2
4
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whole words part words
Trained on SWTrained on WS
Results of Words in Passages
• infants who heard SW passages preferred word lists with whole words as opposed to word parts
• infants who heard WS passages preferred part words• remember this when we get to lexical development
Summary of Suprasegmental Perception
Task OverallProsody
Clauses Phrases Words
When? from birth very young(4.5 mos)
6-12 mos.(9 mos.)
6-12 mos.(7.5 mos.)
How? generalperceptualsensitivity
generalperceptualsensitivity
learn correla-tions of cues
learn stress ofsome words