surface machining and wireframe and surfaces
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Surface Machining
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR AVIATION RESEARCHWichita State University
Revision 5.13
Copyright 2004. All rights reserved.
www.cadcamlab.org
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None of this material may be reproduced, used or disclosed, in part or in whole, without the expressed written permission of:
National Institute for Aviation ResearchWichita State University
Wichita, KS
Copyright 2004. All rights reserved.
www.cadcamlab.org
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Table of Contents, Page i Wichita State University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Machining Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Area Oriented Machining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Operation Oriented Machining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Operation Oriented Machining Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Roughing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Sweep Roughing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Surface Machining Workbench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Advanced Machining Workbench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Roughing Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Sweep Roughing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Geometry Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Machining Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Roughing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Geometry Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Machining Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Macros Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Additional Roughing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Sweeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Geometry Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Machining Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
ZLevel Machining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Spiral Milling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Pencil Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Contour-driven Milling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Isoparametric Machining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Machining Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Reworking Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
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Multi-Axis Machining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Rotary Axis Machining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Five Axis Machining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Multi-Axis Sweeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Multi-Axis Contour Driven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Multi-Axis Isoparametric Machining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Multi-Axis Flank Contouring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Multi-Axis Curve Machining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Multi-Axis Helix Machining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Practice Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Angled Bracket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Butterfly Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Cowling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Double Flange Bracket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Mounting Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Pressure Cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Shaft Rest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Valve Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
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Additional Roughing
In many cases you may want to utilize some of the Prismatic Machining tools as well as
Surface Machining tools.
Open the Rocker Mount Machining Process file from theRocker Mount folder This
problem will use both prismatic and surface tools to complete the exercise. This problem
will also be used with the Sweep Roughing operation, so be sure to save as you go along.
The very top of this part is flat, therefore a facing operation would work well to remove all
of the material above the part. Profile contouring would also remove the outside area very
well, much better than the roughing operation.
The Part Operation has already been defined for you. If you are not already in the Prismatic
Machining workbench, you will need to go there.
Start a Facing operation in Manufacturing Program.1. You should already be very
familiar working with the Prismatic Machining tools. The next few steps are going to be
very general, so if you have trouble, refer back to your Prismatic Machining book.
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Define the bottom of the facing operation as the top of the final part. There are small
triangular areas that you can use for the bottom definition.
Define the boundary of the facing operation as the boundary of the stock material.
Also define the top of the facing operation as the top of the stock material. This should
have all of the geometry defined. Next you will define the machining parameters.
Change theTool path styleto Back and forth. Under theRadialtab, set theEnd of pathtoOut, and change theTool side approach clearanceto -0.5in. By setting the clearance
to a negative value, you will be keeping the tool in contact with the stock material. This is
ideal so that the tool will remain under a load.
Set a 0.25in maximum axial depth of cut. This will complete the machining parameters.
Define the following facing tool. This is a large part, so a large tool is optimum.
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Define macros to finish the facing operation. It is left to you to decide what type of
macros that you want.
Now to profile around the outside.
Start a Profile Contouring operation after the facing operation. Define the profile, topand bottom for the geometry definition. Be sure to make the bottom a soft bottom, as
well as define the bottom on the bottom of the stock, not the part.
Define the profile as a closed tool path, with a one way tool path style. Also, set a
0.050in breakthrough, with 3, 0.375" radial paths. Cut a maximum of 0.5" deep each
pass. This will have the machining parameters set. The last job is to define the tool and
macros.
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Change to the following tool.
Set macros that you feel will be appropriate. Again, the choice is yours on macros. You
can make them as exotic or generic as you desire.
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Now that you have a few prismatic machining operations, you are ready to integrate the
surface machining tools.
Switch to the Surface Machining workbench. Notice the workbench changes, but the
part stays the same. Integrating workbenches is as simple as switching between them.
Start a Roughing operation after the Profile Contouring operation. The roughing
operation will be used to remove the excess material near the part contours.
Define thePartdefinition. All you will need to do is select the part definition from the
sensitive area, then select the final part partbody.
Change theOffset on partto 0.5in. The next set of operations will take care of the excess
thickness.
Make sure aSpiraltool path style is used, with a 50% stepover ratio. A 0.25"
maximum cut depth should be sufficient. Once done, define the following tool.
Now all that needs defined is the Automatic Motions.
Turn onOptimize retractwith a 0.25in axial safety distance. Switch theAutomatic
Motionto a helical mode, with a 5deg ramping angle and a 60% helix diameter. An
approach and radial safety distance of 0.125" should work well. This should be enough
to define the macros.
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Notice anything interesting?
When the roughing operation is used after any other operation, it will only cut the material
that is remaining. The roughing operation is smart enough to recognize where material
remains and where it does not. This will be investigated further later on. For now, be sure
to save and move on.
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Sweeping
The sweeping operation is a good, all-around general surface sweeping operation. The tool
makes passes along a surface of any contour, making the finished cut. Although the
sweeping operation could be used for roughing, it is highly un-advisable. The sweeping
operation is for final cuts only.
With your Rocker Mount Machining Process open, start a sweeping operation after
Roughing.1. Sweeping operations are going to be defined in a similar manner to
sweep roughing operations.
Geometry Tab
Sweeping is going to be very familiar to the sweep roughing operation. Take a quick look at
the sweeping operation sensitive area.
The two new additions to the sensitive window is the StartandEndplanes. These two
planes define a limiting along the cut of the surface that will keep the tool from passing.
This is different from the limiting contour in the sense that the limiting contour can be theentire surface, but the tool is only allowed to machine from the start to the end plane along
the surface.
Select thePartdefinition, and the select the finished part. Just like with the other
operations, by selecting the part definition, you will be defining the entire part body.
Change theOffset on partto be 0.0in. This will make sure you machine the final part.
Take a quick look at the tool paths.
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Granted, there are a lot of things wrong with these toolpaths, but as you can quickly see, the
sweeping operation will cut across the entire part, regardless of the features.
Select theEndplane from the sensitive area, then select the flat side as shown below.
This will define the end plane to be on the side of the part. At this point, the end plane does
no good, however, once you offset it, it will become more useful.
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With the third mouse button, select on theEndplane. With the contextual menu,
selectOffset. Set the offset to -2in. The -2" is required to make the plane move inward. If
your plane goes outward with a negative, then use a positive value.
Take another look at the tool paths.
Notice they now stop at the end plane. The start and end planes work well for defining
limits on how you want the part cut.
With the contextual menu, remove theEndplane. This will go back to machining the
entire surface.
Now to move on to the machining parameters.
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Machining Parameters
Take a quick look at the various machining parameters.
Machining Tab
Tool Path Style Defines the type of cut that is to be made across the part.
There are three options available.
Machining Tolerance Defines the tolerance of the machine being used
Reverse tool path Reverses the computed tool path
Max Discretization Allows you to override the step size of the machiningoperation
Step Defines the maximum step size allowed
Plunge Mode Controls if the tool plunges, or dives into the material. This
option is only available with the One-Way tool path styles.
No check No plunge checking is made
No plunge Tool is halted as soon as it is to plunge into the material
Same height Tool remains at the same Z-height when it is supposed to
plunge
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Radial Tab
Stepover Defines how the sidestep is calculated
Constant Tool moves over a maximum distance, keeping the scallop
height at the defined size
Via Scallop Height Tool steps over varying distances, remaining within the
MaximumandMinimum Distance, while keeping a constant
scallop height thickness
Maxi. distance between pass Defines the maximum distance stepped each radial pass
Min. distance between pass Defines the minimum distance the tool can step each radial
pass
Scallop height Defines the maximum scallop height allowed
Stepover side Defines which side the tool steps, left or right
View Direction Defines the normal direction for the tool path computation
Along Tool Axis The normal for the tool path is computed looking down along
the tool axis
Other Axis The tool paths are calculated looking along another tool axis
to determine the stepover distance
Collision Check Collisions between the part and the tool would be avoided
Note: The only time the View Direction would need to be changed would be if you were
machining a large sloped surface. Otherwise, by changing the view direction to something
other than the tool axis, you run the risk of not machining all the surfaces.
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Axial Tab
Multi-pass Defines how the multiple axial steps are calculated
Number of levels Defines the number of axial levels
Maximum cut depth Defines the maximum depth that the tool cuts each pass
Total depth Defines the overall depth of the part thickness
Note: Multiple axial steps with the sweeping operation should be used sparingly. The axial
offset is just a vertical offset. They do not move out radially. This means that the final pass,
the pass against the part surface is computed, then a copy is made of those tool paths and
they are moved up along the tool axis a particular amount. This generates problems in
vertical, or near vertical areas where you will be cutting a lot of material the first pass, and
then not a lot of material for all passes afterwards. Generally, you are going to want to use
roughing and sweep roughing to get the part cut down to where only one finishing pass is
necessary.
Zone Tab
Zone Controls what type of area is machined. There are a number of options.
All All zones get machined
Frontal Walls Only the front and back walls get machined. The front and
back walls are determined by the forward motion of the tool.
Lateral Walls Only machines the walls on the left and right hand side of the
tool paths
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Horizontal Zones Only machines areas that are within the horizontal slope angle
Min lateral slope Minimum angle to be considered a lateral wall
Min frontal slope Minimum angle to be considered a frontal wall, typically the same as
lateral slope
Max horizontal slope Maximum angle that will be considered a horizontal plane
Island Tab
Island skip Indicates that islands, or gaps in the surface should be jumped over,
not gone around
Direct This option, available only when Island skip is turned on, will cause
the tool to move directly over the island, and not make a retract and
approach motion
Feedrate length Defines the size of a gap or island that will cause a direct island skip.
Any hole or pocket larger than this length will generate a retract and
approach motion.
Now it is time to change a few machining parameters to determine the effects they make on
the tool paths.
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Take a quick note of the unchanged tool paths.
Note that the tool starts in the back left corner of the part and ends in the front right corner.
Turn onReverse tool path. Instead of the tool starting in the front right and ending in the
back left like you might expect when you reverse the tool paths, it instead starts in the front
left and ends in the back right.
Since the tool is in a zig-zag motion, the cutter is continually switching between climb and
conventional milling. If you were machining in a one way motion, the reverse tool path
would make the difference between climb and conventional milling.
Turn offReverse tool path. In theRadialtab, change theScallop heightto 0.005in.
Notice when you change the scallop height, the Maxi. distance between passchanges to
0.155". The two fields are linked together by some means. Fortunately, most times you will
not have aConstantstepover.
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Change theStepoverto Via scallop height. This will activate theMin. distance between
passoption.
Now you have all three distance fields available to you.
There is one rule that you must follow for theVia scallop height to work properly. The
scallop height distance should be between the minimum and maximum distance between
passes. If you have a minimum step of 0.125" and a scallop height of 0.005", the tool will
always make a step of 0.125" because that is set as a minimum. The opposite is also true. If
you have a maximum distance set to 0.005", and a scallop height of 0.020", the tool will
always make a 0.005" step, and your scallop height will be much smaller than what you are
trying for. This results in various problems as you might suspect.
Change the maximum distance to 0.125", the minimum distance to 0.005", with a
scallop height of 0.010". This will cause the tool to allow for varying sized steps as it goes
across the part. The tool will do its best to maintain a scallop height of 0.010", but will
guarantee that the step size will never go under 0.005" or above 0.125".
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Again, take a quick note of where the tool starts and stops. Currently it starts in the back
left corner of the part, then makes its way to the right.
Change theStepover sidetoRight. Notice now that the tool starts in the back right side
and then steps left. Between this option and theReverse tool pathoption, you can change
the overall starting and machining direction of the tool paths.
Change theStepover sideback toLeft. Under theAxialtab, set theNumber of levelsto
3, with aMaximum depth of cutat 0.125". Now the sweeping operation makes three
levels of cut. If you look closely at the tool paths, you should notice that the tool paths are
only a vertical offset from the bottom set of tool paths.
Since this is a purely vertical offset, it does not work very well to remove excessive
material. You are much better off to remove the excessive material with a sweep roughing
operation prior to the sweeping operation.
Set theNumber of levels back to 1, and then change the ZonetoFrontal walls. Set the
Min. frontal slopeto 75deg. This will cause the sweeping operation to only cut the frontal
walls, or walls that the tool will hit head-on.
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Notice only a small frontal area gets machine. Basically, anything within 15deg (90-75) ofvertical, and on the frontal plane gets machined. Everything else is ignored.
Change the Min. frontal slopeto 25deg. Now a lot more gets machined. By decreasing
the minimum frontal slope angle, you are allowing more and more of the non-frontal,
non-vertical walls to get machined.
Change theZonetoLateral Walls, with a minimum angle of 45deg. This time the walls
on the sides get machined. The 45deg allows the part to be partially machined on the frontal
zones.
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As you might suspect, theHorizontal zonesoption works in a very similar fashion where it
will machine only horizontal areas, and none of the lateral or frontal walls. In most cases,
you will find that you want to machine all zones.
Change theZoneback toAll. Now take notice of what happens when the tool approaches
the holes in the bottom of the part.
Notice how the tool paths do not go over the hole, nor do they retract from one side and
approach the other. Instead, the tool zig-zags its way around the hole and pocket area, then
comes back later to clean up what was left behind. Even though, there will still be small
peaks that will make drilling a straight and accurate hole quite difficult.
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Turn onIsland skipunder theIslandtab. Although somewhat better, this will still yield
the same problem as before.
The tool now retracts once it gets to the hole, rapids over, then approaches back down on the
other side. A small mound will still be present with this scenario.
Turn onDirect, with aFeedrate lengthof 2in. Now the tool paths are a little more of
what you would want.
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Notice now, the tool passes over the hole as though it is not there. You should also note
though that the tool does still retract and approach over the pocket area.
Change theFeedrate lengthto 10in. This will now cause the tool to pass over the slot as
though it is not there either. Increasing the feedrate length is one way to make sure you pass
over all the open areas.
You could have also change the machining direction to fix the problem of jumping over the
slot. By machining in another direction, the tool would not see the slot as being long, butinstead, just a narrow jump.
The only time that the direct island skip has troubles is when the Z-height changes between
two levels of a pocket.
The tool paths are now starting to look really good. However, this is still an incorrect
operation. The tool used is not a good choice. Granted, the physical dimensions of the tool
are just fine, but if you remember, this is the same tool that was used for roughing earlier.
Very seldom are you going to want to rough and finish cut with the same tool.
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Change to the tool tab. Currently, the previous tool is used as the default tool. You need
to force a tool change so you can change the parameters of the tool.
Change theNameof the tool to T4 Ball Mill, and press Enter. By changing the name of
the tool, you are forcing a tool change.
Change the tool to be a ball nose end mill, with all the same dimensions as before. You
should just need to select the Ball-end tool checkbox to convert the tool into a ball nose
tool.
This nearly has the sweeping operation complete. The only thing left is to define good
macros.
Switch to the macros tab. Notice that you are now back to the standard surface machining
macro style. If you want to review the different macro types and available macros, referback to the sweep roughing exercise.
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Select theApproachmacro and change the Modeto Box. This will create the imaginary
box around the tool path to create a nice, S-Curve shape into the part.
Change the box macro to have the following parameters. This will make the box have a
1" height, 0.375" width, and 0.5" depth.
Change theRetractmacro to a circular macro, with the following parameters. As you
might have noticed, using the pre-defined macros allow for a quick definition of the macros.
Many times it is advantageous to use the pre-defined macros instead of trying to custom
build macros all the time.
This will finish your Sweeping operation.
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Sweeping, although it works good for an all-purpose finishing operation should not be used
to completely finish parts all the time.
Save and close the document.
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Other available courses
CATIA V5 and ENOVIA
CATIA Basic Concepts
CATIA Part Design & Sketcher
CATIA Assembly Design
CATIA Drafting
CATIA Wireframe & Surfaces
CATIA Prismatic Machining
CATIA Surface Machining
CATIA Fitting Simulation & Kinematics
CATIA Functional Tolerancing & Annotation CATIA Stress Analysis
ENOVIA DMU Viewer
ENOVIA LCA Basic Concepts
ENOVIA LCA Advanced Concepts
ENOVIA LCA Product Design
To enroll in any of the above courses, contact us at: (316) 978-3283
toll-free at: 1-800-NIARWSU or email: [email protected]
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Wireframe & Surfaces
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR AVIATION RESEARCHWichita State University
Revision 5.14
Copyright 2005. All rights reserved.
www.cadcamlab.org
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None of this material may be reproduced, used or disclosed, in part or in whole, without the expressed written permission of:
National Institute for Aviation ResearchWichita State University
Wichita, KS
Copyright 2005. All rights reserved.
www.cadcamlab.org
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Wireframe & Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Pull Down Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Edit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Insert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Generative Shape Design Workbench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Bottom Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Generative Shape Optimizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Developed Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11BiW Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Wireframe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Coordinate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13On curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16On plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20On surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Circle / Sphere center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Tangent on curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Between . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Point Repetition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Projecting points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Intersection points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Extremum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Polar Extremum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Point-Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Point-Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Angle/Normal to curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Tangent to curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Normal to surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Bisecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Intersection lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Projecting lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Polyline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
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Planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Offset from plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Parallel through point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Angle/Normal to plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Through three points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Through two lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Through point and line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Through planar curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Normal to curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Tangent to surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Mean through points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Plane Repetition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Center and radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Center and point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Two points and radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Three points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Bitangent and radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Bitangent and point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Tritangent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Center and tangent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Connect Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Conics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Splines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Helixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Spirals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Project curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124Combine curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Reflect Line curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Intersection curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Parallel Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1373D Curve Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Curve comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Work on Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Creation on the fly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154Modifying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Object repetition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
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Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Extruded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165Sphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Variable Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Rough Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176Offset with Multiple Sub-elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Explicit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180With reference surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180With two guide curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188With pulling direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Linear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194Two limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194Limit and middle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198With reference surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199With reference curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201With tangency surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203With draft direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205With two tangency surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Circular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211Three guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211Two guides and radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213Center and two angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215Center and radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217Two guides and tangency surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218One guide and tangency surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Conical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222Two guide curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222Three guide curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224Four guide curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226Five guide curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Adaptive Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230Fill surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235Multi-section surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239Blend surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249Spines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
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Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271Joining Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271Healing Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278Curve smoothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281Splitting Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282Trimming Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Untrimming Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290Disassembling Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292Extracting Boundaries and Faces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294Sketch Extract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298Creating the Nearest Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300Fillets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Shape Fillet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302Edge Fillet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308Variable Radius Fillet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310Face to Face Fillet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312Tritangent Fillet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315Translate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315Rotate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317Symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319Affinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320Axis to Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324Rectangular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324Circular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Extrapolating Curves and Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328Multi-Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339Curve Connect Checker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339Surface Connect Checker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342Draft Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347Surfacic Curvature Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351Porcupine Curvature Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355Geometric Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362Dress-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Geometrical Set Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367Inserting a Geometrical Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367Changing Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368Operations on Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
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Ordered Geometrical Set Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374Inserting an Ordered Geometrical Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374Modifying Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376Operations on Ordered Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378Scanning Ordered Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380Inserting in an Ordered Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Switching to a Regular Geometrical Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383Parents/Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383Historical Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384Quick Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386Inserting Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388Sets of planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389Keep and No Keep Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Keep Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393No Keep Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Current Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397Deleting Useless Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Problem 1 - Perfume Bottle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Problem 2 - Tubing Cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424Problem 3 - Antenna Holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426Problem 4 - Sheetmetal Flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428Problem 5 - Hook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Appendix A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431Shape - Generative Shape Design - General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431Shape - Generative Shape Design - Work On Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Appendix B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435Part Design Using Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435Thick Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437Close . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438Sew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439Pad/Pocket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Boolean Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
Appendix C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445Generative Shape Optimizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Bump Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446Wrap Curve Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449Wrap Surface Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451Shape Morphing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
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Appendix D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457Developed Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
Unfold Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457Develop Wires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
Appendix E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
BiW Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463Junction Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463Diabolo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465Hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467Mating Flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471Bead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4743D Working Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
Appendix F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
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Circular
A circular swept surface forces the cross section to be circular. As with the linear sweep,
the profile is defined implicitly based on your options, rather then as a separate profile
element.
Open theSwept Surfaces irculardocument. You should see some wireframe
geometry.
Select the sweep icon. TheSwept Surface Definitionwindow appears.
Three guides
Change theProfiletype to circle and the SubtypetoThree guides. The options change.
Subtype Specifies what type of circle swept surface you are going to create.
This determines theMandatory elementsand theOptional elements.
You can choose fromThree guides, Two guides and radius, Center
and two angles, Center and radius, Two guides and tangency surfaceorOne guide and tangency surface.
Mandatory elements
Guide curve 1,2,3 Defines the three curves through which the circle will pass
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Select the four curves as shown below and select Preview. The surface passes through
the three guide curves and uses the other curve as its spine. The cross section remains
circular with respect to the normal planes of the spine.
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Key 1.5 for theRadiusand selectPreview. There are four possible solutions. The first
one is highlighted.
Select the >> button until you get the second solution, then selectOK.
Hide this surface.
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Center and two angles
Select the sweep icon again. TheSwept Surface Definitionwindow appears.
Change theSubtypeto Center and two angles. The options change.
Mandatory elements
Center curve Defines the curve that represents the center of the circle
Reference curve Defines the curve used as the base for the angles as well as the
radius of the circle
Angle 1,2 Specifies a starting and ending angle for the circle
Optional elements
Use fixed radius Specifies the radius you want the circle to have, thus using the
Reference curveonly for an angle reference
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Select the two curves as shown below, key -45.0 for Angle 1and 45.0 forAngle 2.
Select the reference curve again to define the spine and selectPreview. The surface
appears centered around the first curve and passing through the second curve. If you were
to turn on theUse fixed radiusoption and specify a value, the reference curve would only be
used to determine the angles and the surface would not pass through the curve.
SelectOK. The surface is created.
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Center and radius
Select the sweep icon again. TheSwept Surface Definitionwindow appears.
Change theSubtypeto Center and radius. The options change.
Mandatory elements
Center curve Defines the curve that represents the center of the circle
Radius Specifies the radius of the circle
Select the curve as shown below, key 1.5 for theRadiusand selectPreview. The surface
appears. By default the spine is theCenter curve. This option is excellent for making quick
pipes or tubing.
SelectOK. The surface is created.
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Two guides and tangency surface
Select the sweep icon again. TheSwept Surface Definitionwindow appears.
Change theSubtypetoTwo guides and tangency surface. The options change.
Mandatory elements
Limit curve with tangency Defines the curve on theTangency surfacethat will
define one end of the circle
Tangency surface Defines the surface to which the circle will be tangent
Limit curve Defines the other end of the circle
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Select the curves and surface as shown below and select Preview. Two solutions appear.
Both are tangent to the existing surface and contain the two curves. By default the first
curve is the spine.
Keep the first solution and select OK. The surface is created.
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One guide and tangency surface
Select the sweep icon again. TheSwept Surface Definitionwindow appears.
Change theSubtypetoOne guide and tangency surface. The options change.
Mandatory elements
Guide curve 1 Defines one limit of the circle
Tangency surface Defines the surface to which the circle will be tangent
Radius Specifies the radius of the circle. It needs to be large
enough for the circle to exist between the tangent of
the surface and the curve.
Optional elements
Trim with tangency surface Trims theTangency surface
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Select the curve and surface as shown below, key 1.5 for theRadiusand selectPreview.
Two solutions appear. Both solutions go from the curve to the tangent of the surface using a
radius of 1.5 inches. Again, by default, the first curve is the spine.
Keep the first solution and select OK. The surface is created.
Save and close your document.
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Conical
A conical swept surface forces the cross section to be a conic. You can choose to have two,
three, four or five guides to define the surface. However, the number of guides you use will
limit the number of tangencies you can define. Regardless of which options you choose, the
cross section will always remain conical.
Open theSwept Surfaces onical
document. You should see some wireframegeometry and some surfaces.
Select the sweep icon. TheSwept Surface Definitionwindow appears.
Two guide curves
Change theProfiletype to conic and theSubtypetoTwo guide curves. The options
change.
Subtype Specifies what type of conical swept surface you are going to create.
This determines theMandatory elementsand theOptional elements.
You can choose fromTwo guide curves, Three guide curves, Four
guide curvesorFive guide curves.
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Mandatory elements
Guide curve 1,Last Defines the two curves that will be used as the beginning and
the end of the conic
Tangency Defines the tangency at that guide curve
Angle Modifies the tangency by a specified angle
Parameter Specifies the conic parameter to use. The parameter
determines the type of conic that will be created.
Select the two curves and the respective surfaces and the line as shown below, key 0.5
for theParameter,and selectPreview. The surface appears; it is tangent to the two
existing surfaces and due to the parameter, is parabolic in shape. The parameter determines
the type of conical curve that is created, as explained in the conic section. The parameter
can vary as it follows the spine, if you use a law.
Note: You were able to define two tangencies but you had to define a parameter.
SelectCancel. The window closes.
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Three guide curves
Select the sweep icon again. TheSwept Surface Definitionwindow appears.
Change theSubtypetoThree guide curves. The options change.
Mandatory elements
Guide curve 1,2, Last Defines the three curves that will be used to define the
conic. The first and last define the beginning and the
end of the conic. The second one defines a curve that
the conic will pass through, instead of using a
parameter value.
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Select the three curves, the two surfaces and the line as shown below and select
Preview. The surface appears, passing through the second guide curve instead of using a
parameter.
SelectCancel. The window closes.
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Four guide curves
Select the sweep icon again. TheSwept Surface Definitionwindow appears.
Change theSubtypetoFour guide curves. The options change.
Mandatory elements
Guide curve 1,2,3, Last Defines the four curves that will be used to define the
conic. The first and the last one define the beginning
and end of the conic. The other two define curves that
the conic will pass through. With this option, only one
tangency can be defined.
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Select the four curves, the surface and the line as shown below and select Preview. The
surface appears, passing through all four curves and tangent to the surface.
SelectCancel. The window closes.
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Five guide curves
Select the sweep icon again. TheSwept Surface Definitionwindow appears.
Change theSubtypetoFive guide curves. The options change.
Mandatory elements
Guide curve 1,2,3,4, Last Defines the five curves that will be used to define the
conic. The first and the last one define the beginning
and end of the conic. The other three define curves
that the conic will pass through. With this option, no
tangencies can be defined.
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Select the five curves and the line as shown below and select Preview. The surface
appears, passing through all five curves.
SelectOK. The surface is created.
Save and close your document.
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Other available courses
CATIA V5 and ENOVIA
CATIA Basic Concepts
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CATIA Functional Tolerancing & Annotation CATIA Stress Analysis
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