survey on migration and human trafficking in...

SURVEY ON MIGRATION AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN UKRAINE, 2017

A survey on migration and human trafficking in Ukraine was conducted by GfK Ukraine on request of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) Mission in Ukraine with finan-cial support from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the U.S. Department of State in April-June 2017. This publication was made possible through support provided by the United States Department of State, under the terms of Award No. S-SJTIP-15-GR-1013. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect

the views of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the United States Department of State and IOM.

The survey was conducted using

an All-Ukrainian, in-home interview methodology.

The sample consisted of 5000 respondents,

16 years of age and older – 200 people selected from each of the 24 oblast and the city of Kyiv (government controlled areas only).

The sample represents the population

of each oblast by the size of residence; population of each oblast and Kyiv Cityby sex and age.

The general sample is representative

of the Ukrainian population (government controlled areas only) by sex, age, region and the size of the settlement – the data was weighted proportionally to the population in each oblast.

SURVEY METHODOLOGY

VOLYN OBLAST

LVIV OBLAST

ZAKARPATTIA OBLAST

IVANO-FRANKIVSK OBLAST

CHERNIVTSI OBLAST

TERNOPIL OBLAST KHMELNYTSKYI OBLAST

RIVNE OBLAST

ZHYTOMYR OBLAST

KYIV OBLAST

CHERKASY OBLAST

VINNYTSIA OBLAST

KIROVOHRAD OBLAST

MYKOLAIV OBLAST

ODESA OBLAST

KHERSON OBLAST

CHERNIHIV OBLASTSUMY OBLAST

POLTAVA OBLAST

DNIPROPETROVSK OBLAST

KHARKIV OBLAST

ZAPORIZHIA OBLAST

KYIV CITY

77,000

57,000

63,000

61,000

39,000

54,000

46,000

44,000

35,000

48,000

28,000

28,000

60,000

21,000

27,00048,000

30,000

29,000

15,00030,000

20,000

5,000

6,000

11%

C

16%

15%

5%

18%

10%

15%

17%

14%

KYIV

15%

23% 10%

9%

16%

11%

9%

16%

6%

14%

10%21%

13%

8%

CRIMEA

THE ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PEOPLE FROM UKRAINE WORKING ABROAD AT THE TIME OF THE SURVEY

915,000

PREVALENCE OF LABOUR MIGRATION AND NUMBER

OF POTENTIAL LABOUR MIGRANTS

*GOVERNMENT CONTROLLED AREAS

The potential migration rate (those who have found or plan to find a job abroad in the near future) is highest in those oblasts where there is the highest rate of labour migration – Ternopil, Zakarpattia, and Rivne Oblasts. MEN WOMEN

17% 8%

The rate of potential migrants

is significantly higher among men than among women: 17% of men

have already found a job abroad or plan to find it in the nearest future,

whereas it is only 8% for women.

(% of the total population of the oblast)

DONETSK OBLAST

GCA*

30,000

6%

LUHANSK OBLASTGCA*

12%

14,000

HAVE ALREADY FOUND

A JOB ABROAD

PLAN TO FIND ONE IN THE NEAREST

FUTURE

of the total population of Ukraine

12%

2% 10%

THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTORSIN DECIDING TO ACCEPT WORK ABROAD (among the respondents who expressed their desire to work abroad)

LEVEL OF SALARY

LEGALITY OF EMPLOYMENT

(offi cial documents)

WORKING CONDITIONS

DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT THE EMPLOYER

SPHERE OF EMPLOYMENT (domestic work, construction works, production or other spheres)

LIVING CONDITIONS

PERSONAL CONNECTIONS (family, relatives, friends in the country of supposed employment)

POSSIBILITY OF ACQUIRING

NEW SKILLS PERIOD OF EMPLOYMENT

ABROAD

COUNTRY OF POSSIBLE EMPLOYMENT

For men the level of salary and possibility to acquire new skills are more important factors than for women, who placed legality of the employment and living conditions as the most important determinant.

THE SPHERES OF EMPLOYMENT ABROAD IN WHICH RESPONDENTS WOULD BE WILLING TO WORK (multiple answers possible)

27%In total

27% 27%

17%In total

31% 3%

16%In total

3% 29%

10%In total

17% 3%

10%In total

12% 7%

9%In total

5% 13%

14%In total

17% 10%

9%In total

5% 12%

10%In total

3% 17%

8%In total

8% 7%

Job that corresponds to your current

occupation

Construction or reconstruction

works

Domestic work (child care/elder care,

house cleaning)

Agricultural work

Employment in hotel business

(housemaid, receptionist)

Employment in transport or communication spheres

Low-skilled job at a plant/factory/production

Job in commerce sphere (sales)

Job in restaurant/café (waiter, bartender)

Any job

MEN WOMEN

THE MOST PREFERRED COUNTRIES FOR EMPLOYMENT ABROAD (% of respondents who were ready to consider a job opportunity abroad, multiple answers possible)

14%In total

15% 14%

MEN WOMENThe preference of the Russian Federation as a country of destination continues to decrease (from 18% of respondents who expressed

the desire to work abroad in 2011, 12% in 2015, and 9% in 2017). Simultaneously, the preference of Poland increased to 40% in 2017 (7% in 2006 according to the data of the first similar study, 30% in 2015).

12%In total

13% 10%

10%In total

11% 9%

7%In total

7% 8%

6%In total

6% 6%

5%In total

6% 5%

9%In total

11% 8%

5%In total

6% 4%

9%In total

10% 8%

5%In total

4% 4%

40%In total

40% 39%

32%In total

35% 29%

17%In total

11% 23%

Poland Germany Italy

USA Canada Czech Republic Russian Federation Great Britain

Spain Portugal Montenegro Denmark Belarus

VOLYN OBLAST

LVIV OBLAST

ZAKARPATTIA OBLAST


CHERNIVTSI OBLAST

TERNOPIL OBLAST

KHMELNITSKYI OBLAST

RIVNE OBLAST

ZHYTOMYR OBLAST

KYIV OBLAST

CHERKASY OBLAST

VINNYTSIA OBLAST

KIROVOHRAD OBLAST

MYKOLAIV OBLAST

ODESA OBLAST

KHERSON OBLAST

CHERNIHIV OBLAST

SUMY OBLAST

POLTAVA OBLAST


KHARKIV OBLAST

ZAPORIZHIA OBLAST

KYIV CITY

49%

48%

47%

37%

33%32%

28%

28%

23%

23%

23%

22%

21%

17%

16%

13%

13%

11%

10%

9%

8%

8%

5%

CRIMEA


In general the rate of men

who belong to the vulnerable group is higher than among

women

MEN WOMEN

24% 19%

To work without official employment; To work in a closed room (without the possibility

to freely leave your working place); To illegally cross the border; To work at an illegal production factory/plant

(unregistered enterprise); To give your passport to your employer

for the whole period of your employment.

21%

of the total population of Ukraine belong to the vulnerable group

In this study the definition of persons who risk becom-ing victims of human trafficking abroad (hereinafter — the vulnerable group) is not as potential migrants, but those who tended to agree (answering “yes” and “ more yes than no ”) with at least one of the risky condi-tions of working abroad.If the person whom you trust offered you a high-paid job abroad in the sphere that suits you, would you agree:

DONETSK OBLAST

GCA*

14%

LUHANSK OBLASTGCA*

25%

VULNERABILITY TO HUMAN TRAFFICKING

(% of the oblast population who belong to the vulnerable group)

THE READINESS TO ACCEPT RISKY JOB OFFERS ABROAD (% of the total population of Ukraine)

TO WORK WITHOUT LEGAL EMPLOYMENT

17% 6% 3%TO WORK IN LOCKED PREMISES

(without the possibility to freely leave your working place)

TO WORK AT AN ILLEGAL PRODUCTION FACTORY/PLANT

(unregistered enterprise)

2%TO CROSS THE BORDER ILLEGALLY

1%TO GIVE THEIR PASSPORT TO EMPLOYER FOR THE TIME OF EMPLOYMENT

7,100 800

4,600

7,500 6,600

CRIMEA


60,900

Ukrainians suffered from human trafficking in 2014-2017, according to the estimates.

9,200

6,600

4,100

8,700

1,700

800

BASED ON ESTIMATIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM), MISSION IN UKRAINE, MORE THAN 230 000 UKRAINIANS SUFFERED FROM HUMAN TRAFFICKING FROM 1991 TO 2017.

VOLYN OBLAST

LVIV OBLAST

ZAKARPATTIA OBLAST


CHERNIVTSI OBLAST

TERNOPIL OBLAST

KHMELNITSKYI OBLAST

RIVNE OBLAST

ZHYTOMYR OBLAST

KYIV OBLAST

CHERKASY OBLAST

VINNYTSIA OBLAST

KIROVOHRAD OBLAST

MYKOLAIV OBLASTODESA OBLAST

KHERSON OBLAST

CHERNIHIV OBLAST

SUMY OBLAST

POLTAVA OBLAST


KHARKIV OBLAST

ZAPORIZHIA OBLAST

KYIV CITY

800

LUHANSK OBLAST

GCA*

DONETSK OBLAST

GCA*

PREVALENCE OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING

The estimated number of victims of human trafficking in Ukraine broken down

by oblast, 2014-2017

AWARENESS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING (% of total number)

HEARD ABOUT HUMAN TRAFFICKING

84% 11%HAVE NOT HEARD ABOUT HUMAN TRAFFICKING

5%NOT SURE

Volyn

Oblast

98%

Kyiv

Oblast

96%

Cherkasy

Oblast

96%

Luhansk

Oblast

60%

Zakarpattia

Oblast

53%

The greatest number of Ukrainians who have heard about human trafficking are located in Volyn, Kyiv, and Cherkasy Oblasts, while the lowest number was observed among representatives of Lu-hansk and Zakarpattia Oblasts.

UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING (among the respondents who heard about human trafficking (multiple answers possible)

SEXUAL SLAVERY

83% 74%KIDNAPPING PEOPLE WITH THE AIM OF TRANSFERRING THEM TO A THIRD PARTY FOR THE PURPOSE OF THEIR EXPLOITATION

65%BUYING AND SELLING OF PEOPLE

54%FORCED DONATION OF ORGANS

TRANSPORTATION OF A PERSON WITH THE AIM OF FORCED BEGGING

54% 52%FORCING VULNERABLE POPULATIONS TO WORK WITHOUT WAGES OR FOR LOW WAGES THAT DO NOT CORRESPOND WITH PREVIOUSLY AGREED CONDITIONS

10%MIGRATION OF POPULATION

0.3%NOTHING LISTED ABOVE

THE PERSONAL RISK ESTIMATIONS OF BECOMING A VICTIM OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING (% of respondents who heard about human trafficking)

I AM SURE THIS WILL NEVER HAPPEN TO ME

The highest percentage of those who are confident that they will never become victims of human trafficking are among representatives of Kherson, Volyn, Luhansk, Ivano-Frankivsk, and Ternopil Oblasts.

54% 23% 19%THERE IS A LOW POSSIBILITY

HARD TO ANSWER/ REFUSE TO ANSWER

4%THERE IS A HIGH POSSIBILITY

Kherson Oblast

78%Volyn Oblast

74%Luhansk Oblast

72%Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast

74%Ternopil Oblast

74%

THE NATIONAL TOLL-FREE COUNTER-TRAFFICKINGAND MIGRANT ADVICE HOTLINE

0 800 505 501(toll-free from all landline phones in Ukraine)

527(toll-free from all cell phones in Ukraine)

WWW.STOPTRAFFICKING.ORG WWW.527.ORG.UA

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