8/11/2019 SUSTAINABILITY ACROSS HUMAN, NATIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALES: THREE KEYSTONES AND FIRE

1/5

_X_YFBMFEB@BYR FOUJ__ GXNFM, MFYBJMF@

FMI C@JEF@ _OF@H_

Ygrhh Lhystjmhs fmi Dbrh

Y. Ogu`uum fmi _.Jyum

Bm tgh Njmcj`bfm mjnfibo ou`turh, tgrhh lhystjmhs(tu`cym curvfm ogu`uu) synej`bzh sustfbmfeb`bty1 tgrhh

ebc stjmhs frh mhohssfry tj stfeb`bzh f pjt djr ojjlbmc jvhr tgh dbrh). Drjn tgbs pjbmt jd vbhw, wjr`i

hojmjnbo ihvh`jpnhmt wfs mjt sustfbmfe`h ehofush bt gfpphmhi ft tgh hxphmsh jd hmvbrjmnhmtf`

ihcrfiftbjm fmi crhfthr bmhquf`bty wbtg pj`frbzftbjm jd sjobhty. Ygh Hfrtgs `bdh-suppjrt systhn (fs f

djumiftbjm), gunfm wh``ehbmc fmi mftbjmf` hojmjny, rhprhshmthi ey tgh tgrhh lhystjmhs, gfvh tj eh

ef`fmohi. Dbrh synej`bzhs prjsphrbty bm tgh Njmcj`bfm ou`turh. F sht jd tgrhh lhystjmhs fmi dbrh nfy

synej`bzh prjsphrbty jd phjp`h, mftbjms fmi gunfmbty bm sustfbmfe`h wfys.

8/11/2019 SUSTAINABILITY ACROSS HUMAN, NATIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALES: THREE KEYSTONES AND FIRE

2/5

6

_X_YFBMFEB@BYR FOUJ__ GXNFM, MFYBJMF@

FMI C@JEF@ _OF@H_1

YGUHH LHR_YJMH_ FMI DBUH

Y. OGX@XXM

Mftbjmf` Ihvh`jpnhmt Bmstbtuth, Njmcj`bf

_. JRXM

Tbsbtbmc Dh``jw, _ogjj` jd C`jef` Hmvbrjmnhmtf` _ustfbmfeb`bty, Oj`jrfij _tfth Xmbvhrsbty

C`jef` sustfbmfeb`bty bs ehojnbmc fm bssuh jd oj``fpsh jr prjsphrbty djr obvb`bzftbjm, ihphmibmc jm wghtghr

wh ofm ojjribmfth hddjrts ft bmibvbiuf`, mftbjmf` fmi c`jef` sof`hs. Ygh UBJ-5; ihobihi tj bmtrjiuoh tgh

_ustfbmfe`h Ihvh`jpnhmt Cjf`s fdthr 5;68, wghm tgh Nb``hmmbun Ihvh`jpnhmt Cjf`s frh ojnp`hthi, bmjrihr tj prjvbih c`jef` sustfbmfeb`bty. F lhy quhstbjm bs gjw tj nflh tgh [jst 68 ihvh`jpnhmt fchmif fe`h tj

fiirhss sustfbmfeb`bty forjss sof`hs. F orbtbof` c`jef` cjvhrmfmoh nhogfmbsn bs mhohssfry tj tfol`h c`jef`

systhnbo rbsls fmi ibrhot _ustfbmfe`h Ihvh`jpnhmt Cjf`s pjst 5;68 tjwfris sustfbmfeb`bty forjss sof`hs.

F`jmc tghsh `bmhs, wh frh prjpjsbmc f _ustfbmfe`h Ihvh`jpnhmt Bmihx djr rfmlbmc f`` ojumtrbhs fmi tfol`bmc

tgh njst `blh`y c`jef` systhnbo rbsls djr tgh mhxt ihofih. Sh f`sj wju`i `blh tj sgfrh jur hddjrts bm

Njmcj`bf, hnerfobmc crhhm ihvh`jpnhmt fmi _ustfbmfe`h Ihvh`jpnhmt Cjf`s bm tgh [jst 68 sustfbmfe`h

ihvh`jpnhmt fchmif.

F mhw`y prjpjshi _ustfbmfe`h Ihvh`jpnhmt Bmihx (_IB) bmojrpjrfths f`` tgrhh hojmjnbo, sjobf` fmi

hmvbrjmnhmtf` ibnhmsbjms1 _gfrhi [rjsphrbty (CMB phr ofpbtf & hqubty), Gunfm Sh``ehbmc (hxphothi

`jmchvbty) fmi _fdh Hmvbrjmnhmt (ofrejm ibjxbih hnbssbjm phr ofpbtf). _ustfbmfeb`bty forjss sof`hs bs

rhprhshmthi ey hxphothi `jmchvbty ft tgh gunfm sof`h, sgfrhi prjsphrbty ft tgh mftbjmf` sof`h, fmi rhiuohi

crhhmgjush cfs hnbssbjms ft tgh c`jef` sof`h.

Ygh C`jef` _ustfbmfe`h Ihvh`jpnhmt Bmihx fiirhsshs sustfbmfeb`bty ft f`` tghsh `hvh`s. Ft tgh c`jef` sof`h, bt

`hfis tjwfris tgh rhiuotbjm jd crhhmgjush cfs hnbssbjms fmi ihorhfshs bmojnh ibspfrbty, wgb`h crjwbmc

hojmjny. Ygh c`jef` ehmhdbts frh o`hfr1 o`bnfth ogfmch rbsl wb`` eh rhiuohi< fmi orbnh, vbj`hmoh, nbcrftbjm

fmi prjefeb`bty jd wfrs jvhrf`` wb`` eh rhiuohi, bmorhfsbmc tgh phfohdu` hmvbrjmnhmt. Ft tgh mftbjmf` sof`h,

hojmjnbhs wb`` ehojnh crhhmhr fmi njrh hqubtfe`h. Ft tgh gunfm sof`h, c`jef` fmi mftbjmf` sjobf` fmi

hmvbrjmnhmtf` ojmibtbjms wb`` ehojnh dfvjrfe`h djr gunfm wh``ehbmc. Ygh nbii`h o`fss wb`` ehojnh

strjmchr fmi pjvhrty wb`` eh ihorhfshi trhnhmijus`y, fmi phrgfps hvhm hrfibofthi bm tgh ojumtrbhs

suoohssdu``y fivfmohi bm _IB rfmlbmc.

Ygh bmthcrftbjm jd sgfrhi prjsphrbty, gunfm wh``ehbmc fmi sfdh hmvbrjmnhmt gfs crhfthr nhfmbmc fmi vf`uh,

fmi `hfis tjwfris sustfbmfeb`bty djr phjp`h, ojumtrbhs fmi tgh Hfrtg systhn ehofush sjobhty, tgh hojmjny fmi

jur hmvbrjmnhmt frh bmtrbmsbof``y bmthrihphmihmt. Ygh bmthrshotbjm ehtwhhm sgfrhi prjsphrbty fmi gunfm

wh``ehbmc fiirhsshs prjsphrbty djr phjp`h fmi tgh mftbjmf` hojmjny, bnprjvbmc hquf`bty fmi quf`bty jd `bdh.

Ygh Crhhm Bmo`usbvh Hojmjny, prjpjshi ey tgh XMH[, bs fm bmthrdfoh ehtwhhm sgfrhi prjsphrbty fmi f sfdh

hmvbrjmnhmt. Bmorhfsh jd ofrejm prjiuotbvbty/bmthmsbty (CI[/CMB phr OJ5 umbt hnbssbjm), fm bmorhfsh jr

ihorhfsh jd OJ5 hnbssbjms phr umbt jd crjss mftbjmf` bmojnh, fmi pjvhrty hrfiboftbjm frh lhy h`hnhmts jd f

8/11/2019 SUSTAINABILITY ACROSS HUMAN, NATIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALES: THREE KEYSTONES AND FIRE

3/5

5

crhhm hojmjny. Sh``ehbmc jd phjp`h fmi p`fmht, bmthrfotbjm jd gunfm fotbvbtbhs fmi f sfdh hmvbrjmnhmt

ihphmi jm ghf`tg jd gunfm-hmvbrjmnhmtf` systhn.

Sh gfvh rfmlhi ojumtrbhs ey tgh _ustfbmfe`h Ihvh`jpnhmt Bmihx fmi ojnpfrhi tghn tj tgh rfmlbmc jd tgh

ojumtrbhs ey tgh Gunfm Ihvh`jpnhmt Bmihx (Gunfm Ihvh`jpnhmt Uhpjrt 5;6?). Irfnftbo ogfmchs

gfpphmhi fnjmc tgh `hfihrs foojribmc tj tgh GIB rfmlbmc. _whihm, _wbtzhr`fmi, Boh`fmi fmi Afpfm rfmlhi

bm tgh tjp 9 pjsbtbjms ey tgh _ustfbmfe`h Ihvh`jpnhmt Bmihx 5;65, wgb`h Mjrwfy, Fustrf`bf, X_F fmi

Mhtghr`fmis whrh tgh tjp 9 ojumtrbhs ey tgh GIB 5;65. _whihm, _wbtzhr`fmi fmi Afpfm fivfmohi 7-6; p`fohs

bm tgh _IB ojnpfrhi wbtg tghbr GIB rfmlbmc. Nhfmwgb`h, tgh tjp 3 ojumtrbhs umihr tgh GIB rfmlbmcs hvhm ij

mjt fpphfr fnjmc tgh tjp 6; `hfihrs bm tgh _IB rfmlbmcs. Jm`y Chrnfmy fmi Mjrwfy stfy o`jsh tj tgh tjp 6;

umihr/bm tgh _IB rfmlbmc, tflbmc tgh 65tg fmi 69tg spjts.

Vftfr, _hyogh``hs, Yrbmbifi fmi Yjefcj, fmi tgh X_F `hfi tgh `bst jd tgh ojumtrbhs tgft irjpphi njrh tgfm

6;; p`fohs umihr tgh _IB rh`ftbvh tj tgh GIB. Ygh vhry gbcg ofrejm hnbssbjms whrh tgh nfbm rhfsjm djr tgh

ebc irjp bm rfmlbmc, djr bmstfmoh, djr Vftfr, Yrbmbifi fmi Yjefcj fmi tgh X_F. Gjwhvhr, tgh hxtrhnh`y gbcg

bmhqubty wfs tgh nfbm rhfsjm djr tgh ebc irjp bm rfmlbmc djr _hyogh``hs.

Ojnpfrbsjm ehtwhhm tgh X_F, Fustrf`bf fmi Ofmfif nfy cbvh f ehtthr hxp`fmftbjm djr tghbr ogfmchs bm

rfmlbmcs ey tgh _IB rh`ftbvh tj tgh GIB. Ygh X_F irjpphi ey 6;5 p`fohs bm rfmlbmcs umihr tgh _IB rh`ftbvh

tj tgh GIB< Fustrf`bf irjpphi 8; spjts fmi Ofmfif ?4 p`fohs. Yghbr ofrejm hnbssbjms phr ofpbtf frh gbcg1

tghy frh 63,4 nhtrbo tjms phr ofpbtf djr tgh X_F< 63 djr Fustrf`bf< fmi 69,4 djr Ofmfif. Gjwhvhr, tghbr Cbmb

bmihx ibddhrs crhft`y1 98 djr tgh X_F, ?; djr Fustrf`bf fmi ?5 djr Ofmfif. Ejtg tgh gbcg bmhquf`bty fmi

hnbssbjms ojmtrbeuthi tj tgh ebc irjp djr tgh X_F. Ygh vhry `frch irjp jd tgh X_F ey tgh rfmlbmc jd tgh

_ustfbmfe`h Ihvh`jpnhmt Bmihx rh`ftbvh tj bts rfmlbmc ey tgh Gunfm Ihvh`jpnhmt Bmihx bmibofths tgft tgh

X_F gfs ejtg f rhspjmsbeb`bty fmi fm jppjrtumbty tj `hfi tgh wjr`i djr c`jef` sustfbmfeb`bty fmi mftbjmf`

prjsphrbty.

Nfmy ojumtrbhs wbtg `frch `fmis frh jm umsustfbmfe`h pftgwfys, bmo`uibmc hnhrcbmc ojumtrbhs `blh Ogbmf,

Bmibf, Erfzb`, fmi Uussbf. Ygbs bmibofths tgh bnpjrtfmoh jd tgh _ustfbmfe`h Ihvh`jpnhmt Bmihx djr cubifmoh

tjwfris c`jef` sustfbmfeb`bty ehofush tgh duturh jd tgh p`fmht wb`` `frch`y ihphmi jm wgbog trfahotjry tghsh

hnhrcbmc hojmjnbhs wju`i tflh bm thrns jd tghbr prjiuotbjm fmi ojmsunptbjm. Ygbs bs hsphobf``y truh djr

Bmibf fmi Ogbmf wbtg `frchst pjpu`ftbjms.

_bnb`fr pftthrm jd umsustfbmfe`h ihvh`jpnhmt joourrhi bm Njmcj`bf jvhr tgh `fst twj ihofihs sbmoh tgh

trfmsbtbjm tj f mhw hojmjnbo fmi pj`btbof` jrihr. Njmcj`bf gfs dj``jwhi tgh Luzmhts ourvh, ihcrfibmc bts

hmvbrjmnhmt (fbr, wfthr, `fmi fmi ebjibvhrsbty), fmi hxphrbhmobmc bmorhfsbmc bmojnh ibspfrbty fmi pjvhrty

iurbmc tgh `fst twj ihofihs.

Gjwhvhr, f mhw Cjvhrmnhmt jd Njmcj`bf bm 5;65 gfs nfih f mje`h ihobsbjm tj rhvhrsh tgbs trhmi. F mhw

Nbmbstry jd Hmvbrjmnhmt fmi Crhhm Ihvh`jpnhmt wfs upcrfihi fs jmh jd tgh ojrh nbmbstrbhs. Ys. H`ehcijra,

Ogfnpbjm jd tgh Hfrtg, gfs prjnjthi crhhm ihvh`jpnhmt. F`` tghsh dfotjrs orhfthi dfvjrfe`h ojmibtbjms djr

tgh pj`boy rhdjrns tjwfris mftbjmf` sustfbmfeb`bty.

O`bnfth-ojnpftbe`h ihvh`jpnhmt, crhhm hojmjny, hqubty, ou`turf`-mfturf` bmthcrbty fmi cjvhrmfmoh djr

sustfbmfeb`bty frh ogfpthrs jd tgh crhhm ihv`jpnhmt strfthcy, suenbtthi tj tgh [fr`bfnhmt ey tgh Cjvhrmnhmt

jd Njmcj`bf. _ymhrcy jd fifptftbjm, nbtbcbftbjm fmi ihvh`jpnhmt, hnpgfsbzhi fs o`bnfth ojnpftbe`h

ihvh`jpnhmt, gfs gbcg prbjrbty djr Njmcj`bf iuh tj bts gbcg vu`mhrfeb`bty tj o`bnfth ogfmch. Crhhm hojmjny

wfs foohpthi fs f tjj` djr sustfbmfe`h ihvh`jpnhmt. Hqubty bs f ebcchr ojmohpt tgfm aust pjvhrty hrfiboftbjm,

fmi bt bs f`sj lhy h`hnhmt djr eub`ibmc rhsb`bhmt sjobhty. Mjnfibo obvb`bzftbjm tj wgbog Njmcj`s gfvh nfih

8/11/2019 SUSTAINABILITY ACROSS HUMAN, NATIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALES: THREE KEYSTONES AND FIRE

4/5

?

f crhft ojmtrbeutbjm bs f ou`turf` djumiftbjm djr tgh trfmsdjrnftbjm jd tgh ojumtry tjwfris crhhm obvb`bzftbjm.

Hiuoftbjm, sobhmoh, thogmj`jcy, bmmjvftbjm fmi ohrtfbm ehgfvbjr ogfmch frh fnp`bdybmc nhogfmbsns djr

trfmsdjrnftbjm. Dbmf``y, cjvhrmfmoh djr sustfbmfeb`bty bs hsshmtbf` djr suoohssdu` trfmsdjrnftbjm jd sjobf`-

hoj`jcbof` systhns.

[jthmtbf` sustfbmfe`h ihvh`jpnhmt cjf`s djr tgh pjst 5;68 ihvh`jpnhmt fchmif, eut sphobdbo djr Njmcj`bf,

whrh bmojrpjrfthi bmtj tgh crhhm ihvh`jpnhmt strfthcy up tj 5;?;. Ygh Crhhm Ihvh`jpnhmt strfthcy jd

Njmcj`bf gfs 7 cjf`s fmi ?2 tfrchts, njst`y nhfsurhfe`h.

Ygh trfibtbjmf` ou`turh, wfy jd `bdh fmi phjp`hs wbsijn hnhrchi fmi hvj`vhi iurbmc `jmc gunfm gbstjry,

bmo`uibmc ejtg bmibchmjus lmjw`hich bm hvhry ojrmhr jd tgh wjr`i fmi njihrm thogmj`jcbhs jd ihvh`jphi

mftbjms fs f djrn jd c`jef` wbsijn frjumi tgh wjr`i frh orbtbof` djr tgh trfmsdjrnftbjm jr rhmhwf` jd sjobf`-

hoj`jcbof` systhns bm Njmcj`bf fs f ihvh`jpbmc ojumtry.

Njmcj`bf wfs rfmlhi eh`jw fvhrfch ey tgh 5;65 _ustfbmfe`h Ihvh`jpnhmt Bmihx. Njmcj`bf gfs tj rhiuoh

crhhmgjush cfs hnbssbjms, bnprjvbmc sustfbmfeb`bty fmi hddbobhmoy jd prjiuotbjm fmi ojmsunptbjm systhns,

fmi bmorhfsh hquf`bty, hrfiboftbmc pjvhrty bm fiibtbjm tj suppjrtbmc trfibtbjmf` hojmjnbo crjwtg fmi gunfmihvh`jpnhmt bm jrihr tj suoohhi bm bts sustfbmfe`h ihvh`jpnhmt rfmlbmc bm tgh wjr`i. Crhhm ihvh`jpnhmt jd

Njmcj`bf fmi c`jef` sustfbmfeb`bty wju`i eh bmthr`bmlhi hvhm strjmchr bd tgh _ustfbmfe`h Ihvh`jpnhmt Bmihx

bs foohpthi bm tgh [jst 68 ihvh`jpnhmt fchmif.

Ygh _ustfbmfe`h Ihvh`jpnhmt Bmihx nbcgt shrvh fs f nhogfmbsn bm tfol`bmc 5 jut jd ? jd tgh njst `blh`y

c`jef` rbsls djr tgh mhxt ihofih, suog fs rbsbmc crhhmgjush cfshs fmi shvhrh bmojnh ibspfrbty (B[OO Uhpjrt

5;69 fmi C`jef` Hojmjnbo Djrun Uhpjrt jm C`jef` Ubsls 5;6?). Eut dbrst, tgh XM nust foohpt bt fs f nfajr

rfmlbmc bmihx jd tgh ojumtrbhs bm bts pjst-68 sustfbmfe`h ihvh`jpnhmt fchmif.

Ygh fijptbjm jd tgh _ustfbmfe`h Ihvh`jpnhmt Bmihx wb`` eh f pfrfibcn sgbdt rh`ftbvh tj tgh Gunfm

Ihvh`jpnhmt Bmihx, ey of``bmc djr `jw ofrejm fmi hqubtfe`h ihvh`jpnhmt forjss tgh sof`hs. Yghrhdjrh, tgh

_ustfbmfe`h Ihvh`jpnhmt Bmihx oju`i rhp`foh tgh XM Gunfm Ihvh`jpnhmt Bmihx bm jrihr tj fiirhss

ihvh`jpnhmt, mjt jm`y ft mfrrjw gunfm sof`h, eut f`sj wbtg rhcfri tj njrh erjfi hmvbrjmnhmtf`

sustfbmfeb`bty fmi sjobf` rhsb`bhmoh ft tgh c`jef` fmi mftbjmf` sof`hs.

Bm tgh Njmcj`bfm mjnfibo ou`turh, tgrhh lhystjmhs(tu`cym curvfm ogu`uu) synej`bzh sustfbmfeb`bty1 tgrhh ebc

stjmhs frh mhohssfry tj stfeb`bzh f pjt djr ojjlbmc jvhr tgh dbrh). Drjn tgbs pjbmt jd vbhw, wjr`i hojmjnbo

ihvh`jpnhmt wfs mjt sustfbmfe`h ehofush bt gfpphmhi ft tgh hxphmsh jd hmvbrjmnhmtf` ihcrfiftbjm fmi

crhfthr bmhquf`bty wbtg pj`frbzftbjm jd sjobhty. Ygh Hfrtgs `bdh-suppjrt systhn (fs f djumiftbjm), gunfm

wh``ehbmc fmi mftbjmf` hojmjny, rhprhshmthi ey tgh tgrhh lhystjmhs, gfvh tj eh ef`fmohi. Dbrh synej`bzhs

prjsphrbty bm tgh Njmcj`bfm ou`turh. F sht jd tgrhh lhystjmhs fmi dbrhnfy synej`bzh prjsphrbty jd phjp`h,

mftbjms fmi gunfmbty bm sustfbmfe`h wfys.

8/11/2019 SUSTAINABILITY ACROSS HUMAN, NATIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALES: THREE KEYSTONES AND FIRE

5/5

9