sustainable building european frame

Sustainable building Sustainable building

European frameNeccesity and oportunity

Luis Esteban Dominguez

Arquitecto

[email protected]

de

saco

pla

mie

nto

life quality

A model for global

economic development …

… planet compatible

capacity economic growth

EUROPEAN COUNCIL 16-17 de June 2005:-”sustainable development is a key issue in all European policy, as established in the treaty”

European strategy and Regulation

de

saco

pla

mie

nto

natural resources use

capacity economic growth

FuturePast

Luis Esteban Dominguez Arquitecto

CO

2 p

er

cap

ita

Source: UNEP Buildings and climate change GNI per capita


Climate change and clean energy/green energy:

Limiting climate change and its costs and negative effects for society

and the environment.

• 8% reduction EGEI in 2008-2012 (and 20% in 2020 ... and 60%

European Council in June 2006:

Sustainable Development Strategy

ecoinnovation factor of competitiveness

• 8% reduction EGEI in 2008-2012 (and 20% in 2020 ... and 60%

in 2050?)

• 12% of energy consumption and 21% of electricity from FER

renewable sources in 2010 (15% in 2015)

• Global energy saving 9% of final energy consumption over a

period of nine years until 2017 (potential of 20% in 2020)

• 5.75% biofuels in 2010 (8% in 2015) of total consumption


kyoto target

99.499.1

95.4

92.0

90

100

92

GHG emissions (base year=100)

20102005200019951990

EU 15 kyoto target

EU 15 target incl. Kyoto mechanisms and sink

2012

EU 15 tends

EU 15 with existing measures projections

80

EU 15 with additional measures projections


% Energy Consumption by sector

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Industry

Residential

Transportation

Commercial

construction contribution

Construction sector

Sources: US Architecture 2030 and Bre

0%

10%

base Use Correction Manufacture

Correction

Transport

correction

Commercial


Houston

Phoneix

DetroitDenver

Los Angeles

San FranciscoBoston

Washington

Chicago

New YorkBrisbane

PerthMelbourne

Adelaide

Sydney Toronto

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

cap

ita

(US

MJ)

United

States

Australia

urban developmen

Source: Newman and Kenworthy 1989

Sydney Toronto

ZurichHamburg Paris

Copenhagen

BrusselsLondon

BerlinVienna Tokyo

Singapore

Hong KongMoscow

0

10000

20000

30000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Population Density (people/hectare )

Pe

tro

lu

se p

er

cap

ita

Europe

Far East


2006 COMMUNICATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL

Thematic Strategy on the Urban Environment

Quality Water Use/ Treatment

Waste disposal

Greenhouse gas emissions

Noise

Scope of Obligations in the

Member States for town

Scope of Obligatory

Sustainable Urban Transport Plans

Increasing Public Transport use

Increasing Cycling

Increasing walking

Reducing car use

urban environment

Noise

Nature /Biodiversity

Energy usage

Land quality

Litter

Urban sprawl

Transport and mobility

Sustainable construction

Reducing car use

Increasing access to Public Transport

Reducing traffic accidents

Reducing traffic noise

Reducing transport emissions

Reducing traffic congestion

Reducing journey times

Reducing the need to travel

Employer/employee travel plans

School travel plan


where to act

Source: energy and environment report 2008


DIRECTIVE 2002/91/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL

Energy Performance of Buildings

Drivers:

Meet EU obligation under Kyoto Protocol

Improve long-term energy supply security

Applicable to new and existing buildings

climate change

Applicable to new and existing buildings

Requirements:

development of building energy performance methodology

application of minimal energy performance requirements

implementation of certification and inspections


upgrading directive on energy performance

Net zero energy buildings:

All new buildings are at least net zero energy buildings by 31 December 2016

“If is occupied by public authorities, Member States shall ensure that, by 2015, both

carbon dioxide emissions and primary energy consumption are low or zero”

Energy performance certificate:

Energy performance certificate, ..include the actual annual energy that is consumed.

Existing buildings: Existing buildings:

In relation to buildings undergoing major renovation, the following high-efficiency

alternative systems being considered and taken into account:

energy from renewable sources; cogeneration; district or block heating or

cooling, heat pumps; ICT equipment for monitoring and control purposes .

Technical building systems and building components:

Minimum energy performance requirements must be set in respect of building

components and of technical building systems which are installed and brought into

operation in buildings…


US climate change

Source: DOE 2006 UNEP Building and Climate Change


district heating and cooling


energy use reduction opportunity

100

150

200

250

300

Others

Lights

Cooling

Heating

200

300

400

500

600

700

Others

Lights

Cooling

Heating

Energy consumption in simulated

residential buildings (energy-10)

Energy consumption in simulated

office buildings (energy-10)

Source: UNEP Building and Climate Change

RC: reference

LE: low demanding


0

50

Ne

w Y

ork

, R

C

Ne

w Y

ork

, LE

Ne

w D

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i, R

C

Ne

w D

elh

i, L

E

Be

jin

g,

RC

Be

jin

g,

LE

Ma

dri

d,

RC

Ma

dri

d,

LEHeating

0

100

Ne

w Y

ork

, R

C

Ne

w Y

ork

, LE

Ne

w D

elh

i, R

C

Ne

w D

elh

i, L

E

Be

jin

g,

RC

Be

jin

g,

LE

Ma

dri

d,

RC

Ma

dri

d,

LE

Heating

priorities according to the climate zone

PASSIVE COMFORT

MEASURES

ACTIVE COMFORT

MEASURES Ice

Ca

ps

Tu

nd

ra

Up

-la

nd

s

Co

nti

ne

nta

l

Te

mp

era

te

Me

dit

err

an

ea

n

Su

btr

op

ica

l

Tro

pic

al

Sa

va

nn

ah

Ste

pp

es

De

sert

Natural Ventilation

mechanical Ventilation

Night Ventilation

Artifcial cooling

Evaporative Cooling

Free Cooling

Heavy Construction

Lightweight Construction

Source: Jones 1998littel importance

important

very important

essential

Lightweight Construction

Artificial Heating

Solar Heating

Free Heating

Incidental heat

Insulation/Permeability

Solar Control/Shading

Artificial Lighting in Day

Daylight


Operating

Energy

Demolition

and Recyclin

Energy consumption

Embodied and Grey

Materials

performance and

Source: Jones 1998.

10 20 30 40 50 60

Embodied

Energy

Grey Energy

Years

Energy consumed in the life of a building, estimated at 60 years


performance and

durability

material: sustainable use of natural resources

Directive (89/106) (CPD): Construction Products Proposal revision 2008, new basic requirement:

sustainable use of natural resources

Integrated Policy on Products, 7 de February de 2001

The construction works must be designed, built and demolished in such a way that the use of

natural resources is sustainable and ensure the following:

a) recyclability of the construction works, their materials and parts after demolition;

b) durability of the construction works;

c) use of environmentally compatible raw and secondary materials in construction.

Integrated Policy on Products, 7 de February de 2001Reduction and management of wastes from construction material

Green products development

Fostering green product marketExtend manufacturer responsibility

Communication if essential information over the whole supply chain

Environmental declaration of products Certification class III based on LCA

Directive 2006/12/CE on wastes2020 the 70% in weight of construction wastes will have to be reused or recycled


S.

material

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Building materials Construction

Use of building Maintenance

Demolition

Criteria

1- Low energy incorporated per functional unit

2- Local Materials or low transport impact

3- Low content of heavy metals, SO2, C2H4…

4- Environmental certification of products

Sou

rce

: Ju

nn

ila

S.

Environment impact 24000m2 office

0%

10%

20%

30%

Cli

ma

te c

ha

ng

e

[Tn

CO

2-e

kv.

]

Aci

dif

ica

tio

n

[kg

SO

2-e

kv.

]

Su

mm

er

smo

g

[kg

C2

H4

-ek

v.]

Eu

tro

ph

ica

tio

n

[kg

PO

4-e

kv.

]

He

av

y m

eta

ls

[g P

b-e

kv.

]


BREEAM

ENVEST

ECOQUANTUM

GREENCALQ

ECO-PRO

EQUER

LEED

ATHENA

• informing on choice of main construction materials

• enabling the environmental impacts of both construction and

operation to be balanced over the life of the building

• giving comparisons for different buildings and specifications

• optimising for least environmental impact

TOOLS Impact analysis

evaluation

ATHENA

GBC 2000

PdC 2008

…

•estimating the extent of environmental damage by using life-cycle

analysis (LCA)


64.723 €

97.409 €

60000

80000

100000

120000

Euros

Coste económico alcanzar el perfil

Nivel ALTO Nivel MUY ALTO

59 dwellings in Valencia

5628,36 m2

40.000

60.000

80.000

100.000

120.000

140.000

160.000

Demanda (kWh)

Demanda energética teorica en un año (0,5ren/h)

Proyecto (0,5 ren/h) Nivel ALTO (0,5 ren/h) Nivel MUY ALTO (0,5 ren/h)

perfil de calidad

0

20000

40000

Euros

Edificio de 59 viviendas

0 100.000 200.000 300.000 400.000 500.000

10

20

50

Coste (€)

Tiempo (año)

Ahorro energético según el nivel de perfil elegido (0,5 ren/h)

Nivel MUY ALTO considerando el aumento del precio de la energía

Nivel ALTO considerando el aumento del precio de la energía

0

20.000

40.000

Calefacción Refrigeración

Demanda (kWh)


European Tends

• Materials selection based on their environmental statement, its life

cycle, and the distance of production.

building

• Territorial planning taking into account the impacts associated with mobility.

• District-level planning systems of heating and cooling

territory

• ZERO CO2 emissions building design

• Low energy building or passive buildings

• Incorporating green power systems

• Type III Certificate by third based on LCA- building

products• Redesigning products and processes to reduce the built-in energy

• Elimination of harmful substances in processes and products


Know how: passive architecture

Low Temp. heating and cooling Geothermic - air temperature exchange

Thermal storage

Low Temp. heating and cooling Geothermic - air temperature exchange

Skin thermal exchange

Source: Vegara -Metropoli


know how: active energy generation

Weber Thompson eco-laboratory


know how: active energy generation


know how: water use reduction

Weber Thompson eco-laboratory


new markets: passive house

South and Central Europe:heating energy demand 15 kWh/m2

cooling energy demand 15 kWh/m2

Primary energy demand 120 kWh/m2

Nordic countries above 60o latitudeHeating energy demand 20 - 30 kWh/m2

Primary energy demand 120 - 140 kWh/m2

according to location

Basic definition

Passive solar gain Close to 40% contribution to space heating

Cepheus project

Passive solar gain Close to 40% contribution to space heating

Superglazing U-value £ 0.75 W/(m²K), solar transmission factor ³ 50%

Superframes windows U-value £ 0.8 W/(m²K)

Building shell U-value ca. 0.1 W/(m²K)

Building junctions Y (linear thermal transmittance) below 0.01 W/(mK)

Airtightness less than 0.6 air changes per hour

Hygienic ventilation Around 30 m³ per hour and person

Heat recovery Heat transfer efficiency h ³ 80%

Air Latent heat recovery Max. heat load 10 W/m²

Subsoil heat exchanger Fresh air temperature ³ 8°C


new markets: passive house

Comparison of conventional new construction, planned and measured space heat and energyComparison of conventional new construction, planned and measured space heat and energy

Cepheus projectCost and market


new markets: zero co2 buildings

Energía Primaria

Climatización e

iluminación

345.800 kwh/año

100%

Ahorro pasivo

181.402 kwh/año

52%

producción renovables

164.398 kwh/año

48%

116 T

CO2/año

0 T

CO2/año

Edificio referencia Edificio ACCIONA

N E

O SPhotovoltaic panels

262 m2 + 204 (28,3 kWp)


t4 madrid airport lamela&rogers


foster & partners

singapur

‘city in a garden’ ; sky gardens

energy efficiency; green mark

new markets: cool very cool

“great indoor air quality…

energy and water efficient…effects of the sky gardens”

daniel Liebeskind

madison Avenue

“double skin… like a thermos bottle…

…green building concept, wind turbines…

gensler architects

shanghai tower

foster & partners

New york

“The 'Icefall,' a two-storey waterfall , ..the greenest

skyscraper in skyline; Glass coating ; collects rainwater …”


Luis Esteban Dominguez

ArquitectoArquitecto

[email protected]

Valencian Institute for building

Valencian Institute for construction materials