sustainable construction - sustainable energy(3) (1).doc

8/14/2019 Sustainable construction - Sustainable Energy(3) (1).doc

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Introduction

Sustainable construction is a necessity of modern life, and one of the important measures to

combat climate change and adapt our civilization to global warming. It is certainly one of the

most important seegmenata sustainable developments, including the use of building materials

that are not harmful to the environment, energy efficiency of buildings and waste from

construction and demolition of buildings (Sandy Halliday, 202!.

"onan #oss (200$!, described that Sustainable buildings are generally more energy efficient

than their conventional %cousins% (up to &0' or more!. etter system design, proper sizing of

e)uipment and )uality seal, all contributing to reduce need for heating and cooling. *ith the

increasing price of energy, the sustainable buildings of savings over time will only grow.

+he basic types of fuelefficient houses are-

ow energy houses, unli/e conventional construction, heating use only &0 /*hm2 per year,

which can be e1pressed in the e)uivalent of 2. liters of fuel oil, so called trolitars/om house.

ow energy consumption can be achieved in the reconstruction of the e1isting building, and

depending on individual cases, and the historic buildings.

3an also be used standards to passive solar design techni)ues and active solar technologies.

4ou can also use the technology to recycle heat from the water that was used in the shower

or in the dishwasher.

+he general definition of a passive house is a 5passive house is a building in which thermal

comfort can be achieved only subse)uent heating or cooling fresh air mass, and that the

)uality of air inside the house is high with no need for recirculation of air.5

Standard 56assivhaus5 for central 7urope re)uires the fulfillment of the following

re)uirements-


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+he house must not use more than 8 /*hm2 for heating and cooling rooms.

+otal energy consumption (energy for heating and cooling unit, hot water and

electricity! must not be greater than &2 /*hm2 per year.

+he total consumption of primary energy (source energy for electricity, etc.! must not

be greater than 20 /*hm2 per year.

9ero house or power plant achieves sufficient energy coverage for their own purposes,

and may e1ceed the specified re)uirements, with architecture really becomes

powerhouse.

In practice this means that in some periods of the energy obtained from the power grid,

and at other times returns to the grid (because renewables are mostly seasonal!. +o

achieve this energy must be generated within the comple1 using renewable energy

sources that do not pollute the environment. 9ero 7nergy Houses are interesting

because of the environmental as the renewable energy emits very little greenhouse

gases.

9ero net energy buildings (net zero site energy use! In this type of home zero energy

the amount of energy produced within the comple1 using renewable energy e)ual to the

amount of energy that is consumed within the comple1. In the :.S. House of zero

consumption is defined in the definition.

9ero net energy source energy (net zero source energy use! +his type of zero energy

home produces the same amount of energy and e1hausted, and it also has to produce

energy that is consumed in transport energy to the house. +his type accounts for losses

during electricity transmission. +his type of home zero energy must generate more

electricity than the home with zero net energy consumption.

9ero net energy emissions (net zero energy emissions! ;utside the :.S. and 3anada

house zero energy is defined as a house with zero net energy emissions, and it has been


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/nown as a zero carbon building or zero emissions. :nder this definition implies

balancing carbon emissions generated from fossil fuel use inside or outside the comple1

with the amount of energy that is within the comple1 produced using renewable energy

sources. ;ther definitions include not only carbon emissions in the use phase of the

house, but add the emissions produced during the design and construction of the house.

+here is still debate about whether they should be ta/en into the calculation and

emissions due to energy transfer to the house and the house bac/ to the grid.

9ero net energy prices (net zero cost! In this type of home purchase price of energy is

balanced with the cost of energy that is sold online and generated onsite. +his status

depends on how the utility credits generate energy within the comple1 (payment,

compensation, or something else!.

9ero power consumption out of the comple1 (net offsite zero energy use!


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then be used to build more efficient houses. +his /nowledge will be increasingly used,

and with the help of civil law all the new construction in the future will have to respect

the principles of energy efficient homes. "esidential buildings were built and e)uipped

with the highest )uality materials and the latest technology that provides customers

with a pleasant and comfortable life and stay in the area. *hen choosing materials

guiding principle was the best )uality of natural materials that provide a healthy and

comfortable space that will be maintained with minimal cost.

=or activities in daily life we use energy from different sources. =or e1ample, the energy

used for coo/ing, heating water, heating, cooling, transport and other activities. 7nergy

sources can be divided into renewable and nonrenewable. +he advantage of renewable

energy sources is that they are e1haustive and continually updated in nature, as opposed to

nonrenewable whose stoc/s are limited (>ohn "oss, 200?!.

7nergy consumption in buildings and households heavily dependent on the technical

characteristics of the building itself (the form and construction materials!, the characteristics

of the energy systems that are located in the building (lighting, appliances, heating, etc.!, and

the climatic conditions in which the building is located. In addition to energy losses,

buildings have energy gains. +he energy gains include heat given off by residents in the

building and the various devices that are used inside the building, and a significant

contribution from solar radiation. 7nergy losses are related to the passage of heat through the

insulation of the building (walls, insulation, windows, doors!, losses caused by ventilation or

ventilated rooms and efficient duty of all the system (heating system hot water preparation!

and devices inside the building (ion @. Howard, 2000!.


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energy . #ost energy we spend on heating to about A2' of the total energy consumed. In the

services sector the most consumed electricity, accounting for 8' of total energy

consumption. =rom here the above data it can be concluded that much of the spending in the

services sector accounted for computers, lighting, refrigeration and other office e)uipment.

;nly by identifying the structure of energy we can get ade)uate and optimal energy savings

measures (6+I, $$A!.

Bo matter what /ind of heating system in order to obtain the heat we need a fuel whose

combustion releases the necessary heat which warms the room. Heating systems can be

classified based on their location of heat sources (local, central, remote!, according to the

method of separation of heat (convection, radiation!, the holder of heat (radiators, hot water,

steam, air!, and the type of fuel used (solid, li)uid, gas, el. energy, the sun!. +he most

e1pensive heating is on electricity. If it is not possible to replace the heating electricity and

other energy source If we use tariff counter a possible way to save is to replace the twotariff

meter Cednotarfno or apply heat pump. +he second is the high cost of heating oil. Diven the

proCected longterm increase in prices of petroleum products is e1pected to price and heating

oil continues to rise, so it is recommended to replace fuel oil gas or wood. ;f these energy

sources to wood gas is the cheapest fuel for heating. @oing poorly developed distribution

networ/ at the national level are relatively small number of households have the ability to use

this resource. Such households remains possible use of li)uefied petroleum gas (6D! (Dreen

Spec!.

It is imperative to comprehend the ethics and signiEcance of more senior structures, and to

attempt to ma/e contemporary mediations that improve the aforementioned values and don%t

dominate them. +ime and again this is finished unsympatbetically, and the old fabricating

feelsli/e a hindrance to new signature wor/. +his sort of methodology will reasonable be


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inconvenient to the city as it will 3reate contending fabricating shapes and unfortunate

uniformity. Some structures won%t be suitable for retrofFtting and will re)uire lo be

decimated. +hen again, the e1isting edifices ought to be painsta/ingly ac/nowledged after

this decision is made. +ime and again a constructing of social worth is evacuated for

something new, since it was chosen that the more senior constructing wouldn%t furnish the

needed thic/ness or meet another utilization. =re)uently with better attention both

alternatives might be attained, bringing about maintenance of e1isting fabricating esteem and

the encapsulated vigor inside.


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how to do. It%s the change that e1penses not the green edifices. ir/eland states that and

tending to worldwide

warming, her approach could assist resolve social and health issues. < case is the urban

hotness island impact the syndrome which sees urban areas numerous degrees more sizzling

than their encompasses. ir/eland claims this impact was e1tensively answerable for the

e1pirations throughout the 200 7uropean heatwaves, evaluated by the International "ed

3ross to have

asserted between 22,000 and 8,000 lives. :nderprivileged urban outline and architecrure

e1ecutes more individuals every year than different types of terrorism. +imber on the mar/et,

available in several forms, either as logs, chips, pellets and bri)uettes. In addition to the price

specified forms differ and calorific value and application.


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higher efficiency of 820'. If replacing an old boiler of 20 years on new oil condensing

boilers to gas for energy saving gain of ' with a paybac/ of three years (>ohn "oss, 200?!.

*hen heating wood stove must have a capacity that matches the size of the room or the

needs of the heating system. Storage for wood must be dry to wood wetted. =or better

combustion efficiency, the logs should not be thic/er than 8 cm. *hen firing is not

desirable overloaded firebo1 with wood, but it is better furnace charging small amounts of

wood. *hen fire doors should be closed when not in use to prevent heat loss through the

chimney. "eplacing an old wood stove more efficient new furnace or boiler to wood saving

of up to 80' wood. If your electricity is the only available power source is recommended

installed heat pump. Heat pump consumes appro1imately 2.8& times less energy than

electric heaters or furnaces ("onan #oss, 200$!.

< particular challenge of this proCect was a total of 80 accommodation collector fields each

of which consists of A00?00 m of pipes used by the heat of the surface layers of soil whose

temperature is relatively constant throughout the year. Heat soil mainly comes from solar

radiant energy to a lesser e1tent of heat flow from the depths of the earth. Heat soil through

pipes that are laid at a depth of .2.8 m ta/es up heat pump that uses it for heating and hot

water in winter or cooling and domestic hot water in summer (>ohn "oss, 200?!.

=or a house area of 80m J of living space should be about 00&00 mJ of land for laying the

collector array. +he collector shall be deposited with the help of a multifunctional machine

for digging that pipes made of polyvinylchloride or high density polyethylene lay at a depth

of 20 cm in our climate without additional unnecessary e1cavation country. +he machine

digs a trench width 8 cm, which is immediately after the pipe is bac/filled.

In the heating season 200?200$. outside air temperature during @ecember and >anuary and

fell to K 3 in these negudnim climatological conditions indoor spaces are appropriate


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temperate to 222& K 3 with a remar/ that I feel the heat more and more comfortable than the

conventional heating because all surfaces ( under! and furniture and things heated and

pleasant to the touch. It should however be noted that the humidity of the air is not drained

("onan #oss, 200$!.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, 0' of energy consumed in the household is used for space heating. ow

energy building heating needs from .8 to A.28 times less energy than a conventional

building, and if you still use the energy of the soil that surrounds us is a significant savings.

@uring the construction of facilities investment are higher due to higher thermal insulation

and the installation of the collector field, heat pumps and pipe registers that replace

conventional heating system.

ut the listed investment returns within 0 years, with more comfort and )uality of life,

healthy climate and partial independence from energy suppliers (re)uires only electricity!.

3onstruction of houses for each individual is a great challenge, but also a great investment.

efore the start of construction of the house is to decide on a lot of things- how big will be

the house, as it will have any room, any of the materials will be built, what will be the

windows, what /ind of roof, how the heating, cooling, insulation and facade, and more and

any time the house will be energy standards regular, low energy or passive. +he names of

lowenergy houses and passive houses do not indicate directly the way of building houses,

but primarily indicate the energy consumption for heating. +hese houses are now built to

save energy for heating and cooling, and more than that, and reduce pollution that reduce

emissions of carbon dio1ide in the environment. In addition to saving and preserving the

environment to such a way of building also increases the comfort of living. It should be noted


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that until called lowenergy or passive house can be reached only by bold insulation and

replacing doors. In such a house should be paid much attention to the first step designing

that in such houses re)uired to be multidisciplinary, which means the participation of e1perts

from multiple fields, from architects, engineers, electricians to engineers (


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References


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6+IUUU 6ublic +echnology, Inc., Sustainable building design manual. Bew @elhi- +he 7nergy and

"esources Institute, $$A-

sustainable construction - sustainable energy(3) (1).doc

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