sustainable green building 1220990539673324 9
DESCRIPTION
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INTRODUCTION
Green Building
What is a Green Building? A Green Building, also known as a sustainable building, is a structure
that is designed, built, renovated, operated, or re-used in an ecological and resource efficient manner.
Sustainable development is maintaining a delicate balance
between the human need to improve lifestyles and feeling of well-being on one hand, and preserving natural resources and ecosystems, on which we & future generations depend
Objectives of a green building:
• Protecting occupant health• Improving employee productivity• Using energy, water and other resources more efficiently • Reducing overall impact to the environment• Optimal environmental and economic performance• Satisfying and quality indoor spaces
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
Benefits of Green Buildings
Environmental Benefits• Reduce the impacts of natural resource consumption
Economic Benefits• Reduced operating costs• Marketing advantages• Increased building valuation• Optimizes life-cycle performance cost
Health and Safety Benefits • Enhance occupant comfort and health
Community Benefits• Minimize strain on local infrastructure and improve quality of
life
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
Considerations of a green building:
• Control erosion to reduce negative impacts on water and air quality
• Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use
• Limit disruption of natural water hydrology by reducing impervious cover, increasing on-site infiltration and managing storm water run-off
• Encourage and recognize increasing levels of self supply through renewable technologies to reduce environmental impacts associated with fossil fuel energy use
• Provide a high level of individual occupant control of ventilation and lighting systems to support good health, better productivity and a comfortable atmosphere
• Provide a connection between indoor spaces and outdoor environment through the introduction of sunlight and views into the occupied areas of the building
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
• Sustainable site planning with bioclimatic architectural planning• Incorporate solar passive techniques in a building design to
minimize load on conventional systems• Design energy efficient lighting and HVAC (heating, ventilation,
and air conditioning) system• Use low energy and renewable materials• Choose construction materials and interior finishes products with
zero or low emissions to improve indoor air quality• Use dimensional planning and other material efficiency strategies• Design for a gray water system that recovers rain water for site
irrigation and a dual plumbing system for use of recycled water for toilet flushing
• Use re-circulating systems for centralized hot water distribution
How to make a building green:
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
Building design• Orientation• Building insulation (walls of AEC block and roof with over deck insulation
and roof lawn)• Window sizing• Window shading (fixed overhangs)• Glass selection (with low thermal conductivity, low shading co-efficient
and high light transmission) Envelope efficiency measures contributed to 12% savings over base case
System design• Energy efficient lighting (CFLs , efficient tubelights and electronic
ballasts)• Daylight sensing (90% lighting energy savings)• Efficient chillers, Variable air volume systems.• Wind towers for pre cooling of fresh air. Lighting efficiency measures contributed to 15% savings over base case
and HVAC efficiency measures contributed 20% savings over base case
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
Use efficient systems and controls
• Lighting systems (CFLs, T-5 fluorescent lamps, LEDs, efficient ballasts, etc)
• HVAC systems (Properly sized plants, efficient chillers, VAV based air handling systems, economizers, variable speed drives for pumps, chillers and fans etc.)
• Water heating systems (solar assisted water heating systems, efficient boilers etc)
• Energy management and control system
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
High Efficiency Pumps
High EfficiencyAHUs, FCUs
High Efficiency Cooling Towers
High EfficiencyChillers
Reduced HVAC
requirements
Reduced Energy
requirements
High EfficiencyWater Heating
Reduced Lighting requirements
Building Envelope
design
Sensors, Controls
Daylighting
High Performance Glazing
Insulation
Passive Systems
High Efficiency Lamps, Ballasts,
Luminaires
Controls:Enthalpy control,
Economizer, Reheat by Steam
Occupancy Load,Equipment Schedule
Whole building energy optimization
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
High Efficiency Pumps
High EfficiencyAHUs, FCUs
High Efficiency Cooling Towers
High EfficiencyChillers
HVAC requirementsHAP 4.05
Energy requirements
VisDOE 3.1
High EfficiencyWater Heating
Lighting requirements
Lumen Designer
Building Envelope
design
Sensors, Controls
Daylighting(Adeline)
High Performance Glazing (Window 5.0)
Insulation
Passive Systems(CFD,Suntect etc)
High Efficiency Lamps, Ballasts,
Luminaires
Controls:Enthalpy control,
Economizer, Reheat by Steam
Occupancy Load,Equipment Schedule
Whole building energy optimization
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
Whole designWhole design
HVAC design
Lighting design
Water system design
Architectural design/Site planning
Energy management and control design
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
Architectural design & Site planning
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
Bioclimatic architectural principles• Orientation• Thermal mass• Surface to volume ratio• Positioning of windows , shading• Selection of materials for wall , roof, windows, including insulation• LandscapingBuildings in hot climate…• Orientation to cut off sun protected insulated windows external wall
insulation• Lower surface to volume, Lighter finishes, Water as landscape elementBuildings in cold climate…• Large windows to capture sun• Thermal mass to store heat• Minimum Shading• Insulated walls and windows• Darker finishes• Well protected north
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
Effect of orientation on cooling load
• North – south orientation would reduce cooling loads by 1.5%
Effect of efficient materials • Roof and wall insulation reduced cooling load by 23• Insulated windows reduced cooling load by 9% (window to wall ratio
7%)
Use onsite sources and sinks• Day lighting• Earth cooling• Natural Ventilation (night cooling)
Earth cooling• Earth cooling has helped do away with conventional space cooling and
heating techniques for about 8 months a year
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
Lighting Design
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
The passive solar practice of placing windows, or other transparentmedia, and reflective surfaces so that, during the day, natural sunlight provides effective internal illumination.
• Use of effective solar control strategies (overhangs) and high performance glazings limit associated solar gains.
• Achieving this daylight credit will likely increase energy savings in the Energy and Atmosphere credits. This is largely due to savings in the electric lighting that results from well daylit spaces.
• Daylighting strategies can have synergies with other energy efficiency strategies such as displacement ventilation.
• Minimize site lighting where possible • Full cutoff-luminaries • Low-reflectance surfaces • Low-angle spotlights
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
Water System design
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
Reduce potable water consumption for landscape by 50% over a theoretical baseline design for the specific region.Successful Strategies:• Drought tolerant plants • Drip irrigation, moisture-sensing irrigation technologies • Recycled rainwater system • Municipally-provided non-potable water source use
Water Use Reduction, 20% and 30% ReductionSuccessful Strategies:• Dual flush water closets • Ultra low-flow water closets and urinals • Waterless Urinals • Sensor-operated, Low-flow lavatories • Rainwater collection reuse systems • Graywater reuse systems
Landscaping & Water use reduction
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
Energy management system
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
• Photovoltaic (Solar electric) is a device which produce free electrons
when exposed to light resulting in power generation.
• Photovoltaic does not release any of the green house gases when in use.
• Photovoltaic uses a non-conventional, renewable source of energy which has no adverse effects on the environment.
• 23 kW solar photovoltaic system 55% energy savings over base building
Photovoltaic
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
Photovoltaic Applications
Flat Roofs
Facades
Roof TopAtria & Skylight
Shading Elements
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
• Replace asphalt with concrete where possible • Plant trees in vegetation strips around parking lots or sidewalks. • Consolidate parking into a parking garage • Bioswales • Filtration basins (filters) • Detention Ponds / Retention Ponds • Vegetated filter strips • Pervious paving • Vegetated/Garden Roofs • Energy Star rated roofing systems • High reflectivity coatings
Sustainability at Site
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
The main purpose of commercial HVAC (Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning) systems is to provide the people working inside the building with “conditioned “ air .
"Conditioned" air means that air is clean and odor-free, andthe temperature, humidity, and movement of the air are within certain comfort ranges• Systems may be clustered at a central location and
serve an entire campus of buildings• Locate system away from acoustically sensitive areas of
the building• Selecting efficient air conditioning based on your
climate.• Selecting the proper type of and efficient heating
system for your climate• Designing and sealing air distribution systems properly.
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
• Replace CFC-based refrigerant. • Consider non-refrigerant based cooling such as evaporative
cooling in dryer climates. • Consider photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal, wind, biomass,
and bio-gas energy technologies • Sophisticated Electrical Management Systems, Building
Automation Systems or Direct Digital Control systems inherently include most of the required monitoring points.
• Combine carbon dioxide monitors with demand based ventilation. • Include carbon dioxide sensor points in BAS/DDC for system
design automation. • Consider adjustable underfloor air diffusers, or thermostat
controlled VAV boxes. • Operable windows can be used in lieu of comfort controls for
occupants of areas that are 20 feet inside of and 10 feet to either side of the operable part of the window
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) has established standardswhich outline air quality for indoor comfort conditions that are acceptable to 80% or more of a commercial building's occupants. Generally, these indoor comfort conditions, sometimes called the "comfort zone," are between 68 degreesF and 75 degrees F for winter and 73 degrees F to 79 degrees F during the summer. Both these temperature ranges are for room air at approximately 50% relative humidity and moving at velocity of 30 feet per minute or slower
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
Renewable energy systemsOptimize energy performance
• Use of integrated building and system design process yields a savings of up to 50-60% over conventionally designed buildings.
• Efficiency measures typically payback in 1-3 year time
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
Composite Commercial Building in 2020
• Solid state lighting integrated into hybrid solar daylighting systems
• Smart windows • Photovoltaic roof shingles,
walls, and awnings• Solar heating and
superinsulation• Combined heat and
power-gas turbines and fuel cells
• Intelligent building systems
INTRODUCTION
Green Building
Commercial Buildings
• End uses requiring the greatest energy are lighting, space heating, space cooling, and office equipment.
Absorption-based
chillers and heat pumps
High-efficiency
office lighting
Primary Energy Consumption, 2002
Source: Table A5. Residential Sector Key Indicators and Consumption, Energy Information Administration's Annual Energy Outlook 2004