sustainable management in oil palm waste
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Sustainable Waste Management in Palm Oil Mills
Tjandra Se*adi 1) and Udin Hasanudin 2) 1) Centre for Environmental Studies
Centre of Resource Ecient and Cleaner Produc*on Indonesia Ins*tut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
[email protected] 2) Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung,
Jl. Sumantri Brojonegoro No. 1, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
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Country Profile - Indonesia Area : 1,904,000 km2 Popula*on : 246.9 millions (2012) Growth rate : 5.6 % (2013) GDP per capita : USD 3,420 (2012) (source: h\p://data.worldbank.org/country/indonesia)
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h\p://www.geographicguide.net/globes/pacic-islands.htm
INDONESIA
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MALDIVES
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Palm Oil In Indonesia
Largest Crude Palm Oil (CPO) producer in the world since 2006
45.5 % of the worlds CPO are from Indonesia
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Source: h\p://ers.usda.gov/
Indonesia Produc*on
Indonesia Exports
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Mass Balances for 40 ton FFB/hour
Electricity
Steam
FFB
WATER
FUEL
PALM OIL MILL
40 ton/hr
60 ton/hr
720 kWh/hr
Palm oil
EFB
Kernel
Fiber
Shell
POME
9.4 ton/hr
1.7 ton/hr
4.8 ton/hr
2.8 ton/hr
24 ton/hr
5.6 ton/hr
85%
55%
24 ton/hr
Diesel oil 0.075 kL/hr
9.7 ton/hr
FFB Fresh Fruit Bunches; POME Palm Oil Mill Euents; EFB Empty Fruit Bunches
WASTE Kernel
EFB 9.4 ton/hr
1.7 ton/hr
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Waste from Palm Oil Ac9vi9es
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Plantation POM FFB
Waste POME
EFB
Oil palm trunk
Oil palm frond
Palm kernel shell
root
Biomass waste
FFB-Fresh Fruit Bunches POM Palm Oil Mill EFB Empty Fruit Bunches
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Current Prac9ces in Indonesia POM
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BIOMASS UTILIZATION IN PALM OIL MILL
FFB
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Open Anaerobic Ponds
The anaerobic ponds emit a huge amount of the strong greenhouse gas, i.e. methane and the euent of the ponds contains nutrients responsible for pollu*on of surface and ground water
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Land Applica9on for Palm Oil Mill Euents
POME, either in fresh or treated form, contains a high level of plant nutrient. When the BOD level is brought down to below 5,000 mg/l, the treated POME is allowed to u9lize for land applica9on in oil palm planta9ons. Studies by various groups have demonstrated that such an applica*on has been benecial to oil palm, besides the saving on fer*lizer cost extensively.
However, controlling the ground and surface water pollu9on is the key factor for successful of the land applica*on.
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Liquid Waste Palm Oil Mill Effluent
Remnant Oil from EFB
Excess Palm Kernel Shells
Empty Fruit Bunches
Oil Palm Trunk
Oil Palm Frond
Refining Process
Crude Palm Oil
Crude Palm Oil Extraction
Fresh Fruit Bunches
SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT
Palm Plantation
Root
EFB incineration mulch or fertilizer
Dewatered EFB heat and/or electricity or organic diesel
EFB co-composting with POME
The recovered remnant oil supplement for CPO production or used to produce bio-diesel
Biogas from POME existing energy system or for electricity generation
Possible Options
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Electricity Genera9on from POME
The benet of methane capture from POME and their impact to reduce global and local environmental burden
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The poten9al of electricity produc9on and CO2e emission reduc9on from POME at palm oil mill with capacity
45 tons of FFB/hour
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Integrated Solu9on for zero-waste euent and palm oil solid waste
Remarks: 1. Thesser 6. Transport from mill 2. Bunch Crusher 7. Heap making 3. Mini Thresser 8. Mixing 4. Bunch Shredder 9. Spraying heap using POME 5. Hopper 10. Maturation
EFB-POME compost produc9on
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EFB-POME co-compos9ng plant shown that about 13.06% of POME s9ll remain and need to be treated or u9lized for land applica9on
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Palm Oil Industries as an Eco-Industrial Cluster
Case Study: Riau Siak Hulu Cluster Source: IGES Report, 2008
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POTENTIAL SOURCES OF RAW MATERIAL IN SIAK HULU (IGES Study, 2008)
No Palm Oil Mill FFB, ton/year 1 Indo Sawit 210,000 2 Sinar Agro 150,000 3 Multi Palma Sejahtera 150,000 4 Sinar Siak Dian Permai 250,000 5 Sei Pagar PTPN V 150,000 6 Meridan Sejati Surya 150,000
Total 1,530,000
CPO : 336,600 ton/year Solid waste EFB : 351,900 ton/year PKS : 91,800 ton/year MF : 198,900 ton/year Liquid waste POME : 918,000 ton/year
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The Possible Eco-Industrial Cluster
Biomass waste
PLANTATION CPO & DERIVATIVES
LOCAL DEMAND & EXPORT
Industrial & economic DEVELOPMENT
POM
UTILIZATION OF WASTE
Value added products
Power generation
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Conclusions The benets of POME u*liza*on for biogas produc*on and
compos*ng are the renewable energy produc*on, saved POME treatment cost in pond systems, total u*liza*on of the POME nutrients, reduced cost for EFB transport and u*liza*on, and higher FFB yields in the planta*on. With the process of mulch or compost produc*on from EFB in combina*on of POME, with or without biogas produc*on before, it is possible to realize a sustainable process in palm oil mills with zero waste.
In palm industries cluster, signicant amount of biomass waste generated and disposed leading to environment and local health issue. Introduc*on of new technologies, cluster management system, market orienta*on are essen*al for a successful transforma*on of these biomass waste
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West Hall INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG