Sustainable ManagementMetropolia, Business Ethics IP week.

4 Ecological Footprint; measuring human impact

The Big Question

• Can Human Development go hand in hand with Sustainable Lifestyle?

• For Human Development we need Economic Development

• Economic Development leads to higher Environmental Impact ( Ecological Footprint)

• From world values survey 1990, 1996

• Under 10k US$ per capita, more income is very effective in increasing Life Expectancy

Relation LE and Income

• From world values survey 1990, 1996

• Direct question: would you say you are:

• Very happy• Quite happy• Not very happy• Not at all happy• Don’t know

• Under 9K US$, increase in income adds a lot to subjective feeling of happiness

Relation EF and Income

Econ. Dev. needed to become Sustainable

• Poor countries more involved in survival, low level of well-being

• Rich countries are involved in life-styles (like sustainability), high well-being

Increase in footprint

Ecological Footprint per Country

Human Development Index (HDI)

• 3 dimensions of Human Development• Long, healthy life (life expectancy at birth)• Knowledge (literacy and education enrolment)• A decent standard of living (GDP in PPP)

1Norway 0,9712Australia 0,9703Iceland 0,9694Canada 0,9665Ireland 0,9656Netherlands 0,9647Sweden 0,9638France 0,9619Switzerland 0,960

10Japan 0,96012Finland 0,95913United States 0,95615Spain 0,95517Belgium 0,95322Germany 0,94771Russian Federation 0,81779Turkey 0,80692China 0,772

134India 0,612147Kenya 0,541151Tanzania 0,530164Zambia 0,481181Afghanistan 0,352182Niger 0,340

Human Development Index in 2007

Trends of HDI and Earth Capacity ratio for 93 Countries between 1975-2003

Conclusion

• Despite growing adoption of sustainable development as an explicit policy goal, most countries do not meet Human Development and Ecological Capacity minimum requirements