sustainable water use technology in resorts
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Background
Objective & Methodology
Case study findings Discussion
Conclusion
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DECLINING WATER AVAILABILITYSCENARIO
Climate change Pollution
Poor water management
Higher consumption
Tourism industry
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Why hotels should be wise about water Polluted water bodies affect destinations
environmental quality
Poor environmental quality affects tourismexperience
Corporate Social Responsibility Businesss handling of its own social and
environmental externalities
a corporations commitment in minimizing oreliminating any harmful effects and maximizingits long-run beneficial impact on society.
Mohr, Webb and Harris (2001)
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THE NEED FOR ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT
Objective of paper Present a proven technology for resorts in
tropical climate
Methodology
Personal interview, content analysis
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HOTELBACKGROUND
115 rooms
130 staff
Beach resort facingAndaman Sea
Green Team green activities
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A pond filled withplants that are naturalwater recyclers
Like a wetland
Used water frombathrooms ischanneled to theseptic tank before
being mixed withwater from kitchenand passed throughthe man-madewetland system
(Partially) Treated wastewater flows to thewetland for further treatment
Treated blackwater mixed with graywater
From kitchen sinks To treatment tank
blackwater
From bathroom To septic tank
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Point 1
Water mimosa (Neptuniaspp): to reduce total nitrogen and phosphorussvalues; absorb organic compounds and suspended solid
Point 2
ThaliaGeniculata: absorbs nutrients and stabilizes the suspended solids.
Point 3
Water hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes): very efficient in removing suspendedmaterials, BOD, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), organic matter and uptake heavy metals (lead, chrome, cadmium, copper, aluminum, nickel, mercury)and pathogens
Point 4
Duckweed (Lemna minor): absorbs nitrates, phosphate, potassium, calcium,sodium and carbon
Vetiver (Veteveriazizanioides): helps to regulate the amount of water and filtersediment-bound contaminants (heavy metals and some pesticides residues)
Water lily (Nymphaea): removes cadmium in the water, help reduce algaegrowth in ponds
Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsskal): provide a large surface area for thegrowth of beneficial micro-organisms that can enhance nitrogen removal.
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Neptuniaspp(water mimosa).
a floating aquatic perennialthat roots in the banks orbottoms of water bodies.
Its stems protrude from thewater surface and are filledwith a spongy fibrous materialthat covers the stems.
is used first in water treatment
as its stems are able to reducetotal nitrogen andphosphoruss values; absorborganic compounds andsuspended solids.
has the potential to restrict
water flow in creeks andchannels, so all the suspendedsolid can settle down slowly.
is an edible plant species andhas been traditionallycollected as a source of food.
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Thalia Geniculata, ormore commonlyknown as Bent
Alligator-Flag. This is non-woody
plant that is notgrass, also known as
forb/herb of thegenus Thalia.
It is a perennial plantmeans it will growyear after year. Thisspecie absorbsnutrients andstabilizes thesuspended solids.
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Eichhorniacrassipes(waterhyacinth)
a free-floating perennial plant thatcan grow up to a height of 3 feet.
If left unattended, the specie canbecome a very aggressiveinvader by forming thick mats thatcan cover the entire surface ofthe pond, causing oxygendepletions and fish kills. Therefore,constant care is needed tocontrol them
can be very efficient in removingvast range of pollutants, fromsuspended materials, BOD,nutrients like nitrogen andphosphorus to organic matter.They also have high capacity ofup taking heavy metals like lead,chrome, cadmium, copper,aluminum, nickel, mercury andpathogens.
This is an important attribute of thisspecie as a natural waterrecycler.
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Veteveriazizanioides.
Also known as miraculous grassbecause helps to regulate theamount of water.
Its hard and erect stems canwithstand high velocity waterflows thereby increasing detentiontime. Its thick growth form livingporous barrier that can effectivelyfilter both fine and coarsesediments, as well as sediment-bound contaminants (e.g. heavymetals and some pesticidesresidues).
has deep, dense and penetratingroot system that can reduce andprevent drainage, improve bedstability and nutrient uptake.
highly tolerant to tough climaticconditions and to high soil acidityand alkalinity, elevated levels ofheavy metals such as arsenic,cadmium, copper, chromium,lead, mercury, nickel, seleniumand zinc.
easy to grow and very handy tohave in the wetland system.
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Nymphaea's
has broad leaves thatcan shade the waterkeeping it cool. Thisallows for moredissolved oxygen.
also efficient inproviding hiding
places for smallaquatic creatures.
Nymphaearemovescadmium in the water,helps reduce algae
growth in ponds andadds oxygen to thewetland itself.
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Ipomoea aquatic Forsskalisan edible plant that is afavourite in many parts ofAsia.
Similar nutritionally to spinach,
this swamp cabbage belongsto the same genus as sweetpotato, and a member of themorning glory family.
can be found wild in aquaticenvironments or grown byfarmers in well irrigated fields
as a source of side income asthis specie is a favorite foodwithin many Asian cultures.
Its roots hang down therebyproviding a large surface areafor the growth of beneficialmicro-organisms that can
enhance nitrogen removal. As they float, the specie is
forced to take nutrients andheavy metals from the waterrather than from thesediments.
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Process is easily adopted in other hotelsof similar characteristics
Land space Tropical climate
Requires auditing from monitoring bodies
Requires policy incentives forwidespread adoption
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CSR initiatives should include watermanagement considerations
Best practices exist and can beemulated
But need more research on the use of
plants for water recycling in otherclimates
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