synapseindia android apps development

8/10/2019 Synapseindia Android Apps Development

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Android Development Tutorial


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Contents

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Whats AndroidAndroid architecture

Android software development

Hello World on AndroidMore


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Whats Android

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Android Phones

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Mobile Devices

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ts obvious that mobile device ma! ta"e the place of PC in future

#$ pla!s a vital part


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6


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#HA and Android

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#HA%#pen Handset Alliance& is a 'roup of () technolo'! and mobile companies* includin' +oo'le* ntel*Dell* HTC and China Mobile

#HAs aim ,accelerate innovation in mobile phones

offer consumers a richer* less e-pensive* and better mob

ile e-perience#HA developed Android.* the first complete* open*and free mobile platform

#HA was initiall! called up b! +oo'le* and +oo'le isthe captain


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Whats Android

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+enerall!* Android is a software stac" for mobile devices that includes an operatin' s!stem* middleware and "e! applica

tionsAndroid is based on /A0A and all its applications are developed in /A0A

The /A0A 0M* "nown as Dalvi"* is hi'hl!customi1ed and optimi1ed for mobile devices

ndroid $D2 offers rich tools for andro

id application development and man! u

The core of Android


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Android 4eatures 5)

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Application framewor" enablin' reuse and replacement of components

#ptimi1ed /ava virtual machine6 Dalvi"

#ptimi1ed +raphics Processin'* supportin' 7D and8D 'raphics%#pen+9 :$ );< &

nte'rated open source web browser6 Web2it

$=9ite for structured data stora'e


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Android 4eatures 57

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Multimedia capabilit!* supportin' varieties ofaudio* video and still ima'e formats

+$M Telephon!

>luetooth* :D+:* 8+ and Wi?4i support

Camera* +P$* compass* accelerometer

and other sensors support

@ich development environment* includin' an emulator* debu''in' tools* memor! probe tools* lo' tools and powerful eclipse plu'ins

Hardwaredependent


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Android architecture

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12


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9inu- 2ernel

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ote that Android based on a 9inu- "ernel not a 9inu- #$

$upplies $ecurit!* Memor! mana'ement* Process m

ana'ement* etwor" stac" and Driver modelActs as an abstraction la!er between the hardware and the rest of the software stac"


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9ibraries

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@un in s!stem bac"'round

Bsin' C C 9an'ua'e

E t!pes of 9ibraries>ionic 9ibc* s!stem C libraries

4unction 9ibraries* supportin' multimedia* web browser* $=9ite;;;

ative $erversHardware

Abstraction 9ibraries


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Core 9ibraries

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$!stem C librar!* the standard C s!stem librar!* tuned for embedded 9inu-?based devices

Media 9ibraries* support pla!bac" and recordin' of man! popular audio and video formats* as well as ima'e files* includin' MP:+E* H;7FE* MP8* AAC* AM@*

/P+* and P +

$urface Mana'er* mana'es access to the displa! subs!stem and seamlessl! composites 7D and 8D 'raphic la!ers from multiple applications

Web2it* a modern web browser en'ine which powers both the Android browser and an embeddable w

eb view


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Andoid @untime

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The core of ndroid platformDalvi" 0irtual Machine

@e'ister?based

:-ecutes files in the Dalvi" :-ecutable %;de-& format

/ava core 9ibraries

Provides most of the functionalit! of the /ava pro'rammin' lan'ua'e;


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Android @untime %cont;&

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The functions of /ava core libraries rel! on the Dalvi" 0M and the underl!in' 9inu- "ernel

Multiple Dalvi" 0Ms ma! run at the same time

:ver! Android application runs in its own process* with its own instance of the Dalvi" virtual machine

The Gd-G tool in Android $D2 can transform compiled /A0A class into the ;de- format


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Dalvi" 0irtual Machine

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Android custom implementation virtual machineProvides application portabilit! and runtime consistenc!

@uns optimi1ed file format %;de-& and Dalvi" b!tecode

/ava ;class ; ar files converted to ;de- at build timeDesi'ned for embedded environment

$upports multiple virtual machine processes per device

Hi'hl! CPB?optimi1ed b!tecode interpreter:fficientl! Bsin' runtime memor!

Core 9ibraries

Core AP s for /ava lan'ua'e provide a powerful* !et simple and familiar develo ment latform


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D0M vs; /0M

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D0M+oo'le

Dalvi" e-ecutable

#nl! supports a subset of standard /ava 9ibrar! /0M

$un

/ava b!tecode$ome worries that /ava world ma! be divided into different communities* each has its own /ava standard


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Application 4ramewor"

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$implif! the reuse of components

Applications can publish their capabilities and an! otherapplication ma! then ma"e use of those capabilities

Applications is a set of services and s!stems* include

0iews s!stem* content providers* resources mana'er and so on


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Application 4ramewor" %cont;&

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ctivit! Mana'er* mana'es the lifec!cle of applications and provides a common navi'ation bac"stac"

Aotification Mana'er* enables all applications to displa! custom alerts in the status bar

@esource Mana'er * providin' access to non?code resources such as locali1ed strin's* 'raphics* and la!out files

Content Providers* access data from other applications %such as Contacts&* or to share their own data

0iews* used to build an application* includin' lists* 'rids* te-t bo-es* buttons* and even an embeddableweb browser


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Applications

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A set of core applications shipped with Android platf orm

an email client* $M$ pro'ram* calendar* maps* browser*

contacts* and othersAll written in /ava

#ur applications are in the same level as these appli

cations


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Android software development

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Development :nvironment

D: I :clipse:clipse plu'?in ? ADT

$oftware Development 2it %$D2&

Android :mulatorDebu''er


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$etup Android $D2

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Download Android $D2 and e-tract the 1ip file to anarbitrar! folder

http6 androidappdocs;appspot;com sd" inde-;html

:;';6 e-tract to C6J

The $D2 will be used b! ADT in eclipse
http://androidappdocs.appspot.com/sdk/index.htmlhttp://androidappdocs.appspot.com/sdk/index.html


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$etup ADT plu'in

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nstall :clipse ADT plu'in

:clipse must be /7:: edition* 8;K recommended

Bpdate site6https6 dl?ssl;'oo'le;comandroid eclipse

nstall all the plu'ins in th

e repositor!@estart needed after installation
https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/


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Confi'ure ADT Plu'in

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#pen eclipse Window?LPreferences* select Android

$etup the $D2 location as the folder where !ou e-tracted the downloaded $D2 1ip file


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$etup :mulators

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After $D2 AP s installation*clic" 0irtual Devices

Clic" new* there will be a di

alo' input a name

choose a runnin' tar'et anda s"in

specif! the $D card si1e


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Hello World on Android

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Create a new Android Pro ect

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#pen 4ile?L ew?LAndroid pro ect

Pro ect name

>uild Tar'et

Application name

Pac"a'e name

Create Activit!


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Hello World Pro ect

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src6 source folder

'en6 $D2 'enerated file

android 7;76 reference lib

assets6 binar! resources

res6 resource files and resource description files

AndroidManifest;-ml6 application description file

default;properties6 pro ectproperties file


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$a! Hello World

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modif! HelloWorld; ava


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@un Hello World

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$elect HelloWorld Pro ect* @un?L@un as?LAndroid Application

ADT will start a proper A0D and run HelloWorld app

on it


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>ehind HelloWorld 5)

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@; ava* 'enerated b! Android $D2* represents all the resources of the app; resources are all inres folder

resources are pre?compiled into binar! format

/* AUTO-GENERATED FILE. DO NOT MODIFY. * * This class was automatically !"!#at!$ %y th! * aa&t tool '#om th! #!sou#c! $ata it 'ou"$. It

* shoul$ "ot %! mo$i'i!$ %y ha"$. */ package sample.hello; public final class R {

public static final class attr { ( public static final class drawable { public static final int icon =0x7f020000; ( public static final class layout { public static final int main =0x7f030000; ( public static final class string { public static final int app_name =0x7f040001; public static final int hello =0x7f040000;

((


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LinearLayout

>ehind HelloWorld 57

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res la!out * contains la!out declarations of the app*in M9 format* B s are built accordin' to the la!outfile

main.xml) +ml ,!#sio" "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?> ) Li"!a#Layout +ml"s a"$#oi$ http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android a"$#oi$ o#i!"tatio" "vertical"

android:la out! idth = "fill!parent" a"$#oi$ layout h!i ht "fill!parent" >

) T!+t0i!w a"$#oi$ layout wi$th "fill!parent" a"$#oi$ layout h!i ht " rap!content"android:te#t = "$string/hello" />

)/ Li"!a#Layout 1

Text iew!di"p#ay "tatic

text

A referenceto $trin%

re"ource&he##o'
http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/androidhttp://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android


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referencedin

re"(#ayout()ain*x)#

>ehind HelloWorld 58

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res values* contains strin' declarations or other values%e;';6colors& of the app

strin';-ml* contains strin' resources

) +ml ,!#sio" "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?> ) #!sou#c!s 1 ) st#i" "am! "hello" > %ello &orld' %ello&orld( )/ string > ) st#i" "am! "app!name" > %ello&orld )/ string > )/ #!sou#c!s 1

referenced inAndroid+anife"t

*x)#


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>ehind HelloWorld 5E

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res drawable* contains all ima'e resources

folders ma! have suffi-es* app will choose the most suitable one* so do the other resources

three folders6 drawable?ldpi* drawable?hdpi* drawable?mdpi* each contains an icon;pn' file

app will choose the proper icon accordin' to the deviceDP

reference name6Ndrawable icon

other folders we ma! use in futuremenu* anim %animation&* -ml % preference and searchable&


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>ehind HelloWorld 5K

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AndroidManifest;-ml describe the application

declare apps name* version* icon* permission* etc

declare the applicationOs components6 activit!* service *receiver or provider) +ml ,!#sio" "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>

) ma"i'!st +ml"s a"$#oi$ "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"&ac2a ! "sample.hello" android:version*ode = "1" android:version+ame = "1.0" > ) a&&licatio" a"$#oi$ ico" "$dra a,le/icon" android:la,el = "$string/app!name" >

) acti,ity a"$#oi$ "am! ".%ello&orld" android:la,el = "$string/app!name" > ) i"t!"t-'ilt!# 1

) actio" a"$#oi$ "am! "android.intent.action. +" /> ) cat! o#y a"$#oi$ "am! "android.intent.categor . +*%234 /> )/ i"t!"t-'ilt!# 1

)/ acti,ity 1)/ a&&licatio" 1) us!s-s$2 a"$#oi$ mi"3$20!#sio" "8" /> )/ ma"i'!st 1


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Core Components?Activit! 5)

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>asicall!* An activit! presents a visual user interface for one focused endeavor the user can underta"e

An application mi'ht consist of ust one activit! or several* each Activit! is derived from android.app. ctivit and should be declared in AndroidManifest;-mlfile

:ach activit! is 'iven a default window to draw in* the window ma! be full screen or smaller and on topof other window

The visual content of the window is provided b! a hierarch! of views ob ects derived from the base 0i


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Core Components?Activit! 57

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Activities are activated b! as!nchronous messa'es called intents

An intent is an ntent ob ect that holds the content of themessa'e

The action bein' reQuested or the B@ of the data to acton

The Rintent?filterL label in AndroidManifest;-ml file

specifies the ntent that can start the Activit!

declares the main activit!* it will be started automaticall!when the app starts


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Activit! lifec!cle

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h


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#ther Core Components

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$ervice

A service doesnOt have a visual user interface* runs in thebac"'round for a period of time

>roadcast receivers

a component that does nothin' but receive and react tobroadcast announcements

Content providers

A content provider ma"es a specific set of the applicationOs data available to other applications;

The data can be stored in the file s!stem* in an $=9ite database* or in an! other manner that ma"es sense

d ll ld )


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>e!ond HelloWorld 5)

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>uild up an app that !ou can input !our 'reetin's and displa! !our 'reetin's

nput6 :ditTe-t

Displa!6 Te-t0iew

#f course* we have to add an button

:dit res la!out main;-ml file to add these components

each has an android6id propert!* used to reference it in code

! d H ll W ld 57


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>e!ond HelloWorld 57

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modif! HelloWorld; ava

firstl! 'et the references declared in main;-ml

then add event response for >utton

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>e!ond HelloWorld 58

4inishedS

@un?L@un as?LAndroid Application

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