Dr Iram Tassaduq

SYNOVIAL JOINT

SYNOVIAL JOINTJoint in which

two bones are separated by a space called a joint cavity

Most are freely movable

Articular capsule Synovial membrane and fluid Articular cartilage Articular discs and menisciTendon Ligament Fatty padBursae

FEATURES OF SYNOVIAL JOINT

•continuous with the periosteum of articulating bones and unites the articulating bones;•consists of two layers – the outer fibrous membrane that may contain ligaments • the inner synovial membrane • highly innervated, but avascular

CAPSULE

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ARTICULAR CARTILAGE• Articular cartilage covers the ends of bones. It has a smooth, slippery surface, which allows the bones to slide over each other without rubbing.

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

SYNOVIAL MEMBRANEIt is the partition found between capsule and the joint cavity.

SYNOVIAL FLUIDLubricating fluid in joint cavity to reduce friction

ARTICULAR DISC

thin, oval plate, placed between the condyle of the mandible and mandibular fossa

LIGAMENTS Fibrous bands or sheets of connective tissue linking two or more bones or cartilages together. One or more ligaments provide stability to a joint during rest and movement.

TENDONtough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension.

BURSAE

the fluid sacs and synovial pockets that surround and sometimes communicate with the joint cavity.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joint.png

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TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS

Plane jointHinge jointPivot jointCondyloid jointEllipsoid jointSaddle jointBall and socket joint

PLANE JOINT  a synovial joint in

which the opposed surfaces are flat or only slightly curved.

HINGE JOINTResemble door

hingeFlexion and

extension possible

PIVOT JOINTCentral bony

pivot surrounded by bony ligamentous ring

Rotation is only possible movement

CONDYLOID JOINTOval convex surfaces on one bone fits into a concave shaped depressions on the next

ELLIPSOID JOINTElliptical convex

surface fits into elliptical concave surface

Flexion, extension,abduction and

adduction occur• Rotation is not

possible

SADDLE JOINTSArticular surfaces

resemble a saddle on a horse back

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation are permitted

BALL AND SOCKET JOINTMost mobile joints

of the bodyAll movements

possible