synovial joint medicosnotes.com
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Synovial Joint
• Joint in which two bones are separated by a space called a joint cavity
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SALIENT FEATURES• Articular cartilage• Capsule• Synovial membrane• Synovial cavity• Synovial fluid• Articular discs• Ligaments• Menisci• Bursa• Intra articular structures
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ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
Hyaline cartilage covering the bone surfaces
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CAPSULE
Fibrous capsule lined by synovial membraneContinuous with periosteum
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SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
• Synovial membrane attaches to the margins of the joint surfaces at the interface between cartilage and bone and encloses the articular cavity
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SYNOVIAL CAVITY
• Joint cavity is synovial cavity• Surrounded by
synovial membrane
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SYNOVIAL FLUID
Viscous slippery fluid rich in albumin & hyaluronic acid and similar to raw egg white
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ARTICULAR DISC
• Circular rim of fibrous cartilage between articular surfaces of two bones
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MENISCUS
• Meniscus is an incomplete rim of white fibrous cartilage between articular cartilages.
• Shock absorber• Enhancement of
congruence• Protection of edges• Weight distribution• Facilitation of movement
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BURSA
• Lubricating device consist of a closed fibrous sac.
• Present wherever tendon rub against bones,ligaments or other tendons
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Tendon Sheaths and Bursae
• Tendon sheaths = cylinders of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane and wrapped around a tendon
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INTRACAPSULAR STRUCTURE
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TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINT
• Classified according to arrangement of articular surfaces and types of movement
• Plane joint• Hinge• Pivot• Condyloid• Ellipsoid• Saddle• Ball and socket
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PLANE JOINT
• Opposed articular surfaces are flat, allowing bones to slide on one another
• Sternoclavicular and acromio clavicular joint
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HINGE JOINT
• Resemble hinge on door• Flexion and extension possible• Elbow, knee and ankle joint
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CONDYLOID JOINTS
• These are also known as bicondylar joints. There articular surfaces consist of two distinct condyles in which one is fitting into a concave surface of the other bone. These joints mainly permit the movement in plane around a transverse axis. Example of this type of joints is knee joint
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PIVOT JOINTS
• Pivot joints are formed by a central bony pivot surrounded by an osteo-ligamentous ring. Movements are permitted in one plane around a vertical axis. Examples of this type are superior and inferior radioulnar joints and atlantoaxial joint
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SADDLE JOINT
• Each articular surface is shaped like a saddle, concave in one direction and convex in the other–Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
and rotation– carpometacarpal joint at the base of the
thumb
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BALL and SOCKET
• Socket deepened by acetabular labrum• Blood supply to head of femur found in ligament of the head of the femur
Joint capsule strengthened by ligaments
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