Syntax: Sentence is composed from a subject and a predicate. The subject is what or who we are

talking about and the predicate is what we say about it. Ex: the boy is old.

subject

predicate

Each word in the sentence has its category: N, V, Adj, Adv.

Ex: the boy is old det n v adj

NP VP

S

The sentence has a structure. Noun phrase + verb phrase = sentence.

Lexical categories ex:

Noun (N) moisture, policy Verb (V) melt, remain Adjective (A) good, intelligent Preposition (P) to, near Adverb (Adv) slowly, now Non-lexical categories

Determiner (Det) the, this Degree word (Deg) very, more Qualifier (Qual) always, perhaps Auxiliary (Aux) can, will Conjunction (Conj) and, or

Complementizer (Comp) that (clause))

Semantic Semantic is the study of meaning, that is word and sentence meaning. This involves

relationship between words known as sense relation namely:

Hyponymy

Synonymy

Antonymy

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Hyponymy:

Is the relationship of inclusion that is a word included in another word.

Is the relationship that includes a specific word in a general word.

The general word is called: super ordinate.

The specific word is called: hyponym.

The words in the same category are called: co-hyponyms.

Example:

Fruit (super ordinate)

Banana kiwi orange cherry lemon apple (Hyponyms of fruit)

Co-hyponyms Co-hyponyms Co-hyponyms

Some times a hyponym can be a super ordinate at the same time.

Plant (super ordinate)

(Super ordinate) Flower grass tree (hyponyms of plant)

Lilac rose tulips peony (hyponyms of flowers)

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