system architectures for wireless & internet application systems speaker: jerry gao ph.d. san...

System Architectures for Wireless & Internet Application Systems

Speaker: Jerry Gao Ph.D.

San Jose State Universityemail: [email protected]

URL: http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/gaojerry

Topic: Wireless System Architecture

- Basic Wireless Network Architecture

- Analysis and Design Issues for System Architectures

- Classification of Wireless-Based Software Systems Architectures

- Architectures of Wireless Internet Application Systems

- Architectures of Smart Client-Based Application Systems

- Mobile-Based System Architectures

- Web Clipping System Architecture

- The Web ASP System Architecture

- Extending Web to Wireless World

- Wireless Enterprise System Architecture

Jerry Gao Ph.D. 9/2002

Presentation Outline

All Rights Reserved

Jerry Gao Ph.D. 8/2002 All Rights Reserved

Topic: System Architectures for Wireless & Internet Application Systems

Network

Radio tower

Web Phone

Base StationSwitchMobile Switching

Center

Radio tower

Base Station

Phone

Mobile SwitchingCenter

Wireless Network Architecture and Its Major Components

VLR

HLR

EIR

AUC

Basic Wireless Network Architecture includes the following components:

• Cell tower: A cell tower is the site of a cellular telephone transmission facility. Wireless coverage of any city is generally divided into rough hexagonal boundaries, with one cell tower to cover each region.

• Base station controller (BSC) – A BSC controls a cluster of cell towers.

It is responsible for setting up a voice or data call with the mobile terminal and managing handoff when the mobile unit transitions from one cell tower boundary to another without disruption of service.

• Mobile switching center (MSC). An MSC connects all the base stations to pass communication signals and messages to and from subscribers operating on the network.

• Home location register (HLR). An HLR keeps track of information regarding the subscriber. (such as last time connection, location,..)

• Visitor location register (VLR). A VLR records information about mobile units that have roamed into their network from other networks – that is, it tracks visitors.



Basic Wireless Network Architecture includes the following components:

• Mobile identity number (MIN) and electronic serial number (ESN).

all phone equipment used in a wireless network carries these Ids. They are used for verification, authentication, and billing purposes.

• Equipment identity register (EIR). An EIR stores and checks the status of MINs and ESNs.

• Authentication center (Auc). An AuC is responsible for authentication and validation of services for each mobile device attempting to use the network.

• Operations and Maintenance Center (OMC). An OMC is connected to the network to provide functions such as billing, network management, customer care, and service provisioning.

• Redio Frequency (RF) transceiver. An RF transceiver is a combination transmitter/receiver in a single package.




PSTN

Cell tower

Web Phone

Base Station (BSC)

SwitchMobile SwitchingCenter (MSC)

Phone


VLR

HLR

EIR

AUC

1. Outgoing Call

2. Setup connectionTo BSC

3. Setup connectionTo MSC

4. Query for authentication, serviceQualification, feature, location

5. Return information

6. Call routed to destination


What kind of spectrum and power? ( 20-year cycle )- what spectrum?- what power and speed?- anticipate standards. Evaluate WAN, LAN, and PAN utility.- decide wireless business model.

What is the network structure? ( 10-year cycle )

- towers and base stations - network structure- match application to network data rates.

What kind of services? ( 5-year cycle )- identify servers and browsers?- design XML architecture, 3-tier services, and application server.


Design Issues for Mobile-Based System Architectures

All Rights Reserved


What kind of mobile devices? ( 2-year cycle )- evaluate emulators and SDK.- prepare for devices and chipset capability.

What types of protocols?- air interface protocols- wired communication protocols

What kind of content? ( every season, month, week)- determine publication model, databases, editing workflow, and information design- content layout, organization, and structure

Who are the users?- Evaluate user interface, voice, media, and data use

What technology?- Evaluate and select technology



All Rights Reserved


What is the security solution?- Network security (air security)- User access control- Secured communication, channels, sessions- Secured server and applications- Client security

What are the standards?

- network standards- protocol standards- technology standards



All Rights Reserved

Classification of Wireless-Based Software Applications:

• It is the proprietary language for Palm PDAs.

• Users can access specific content on the Internet over BellSouth’s Mobitex network (Palm.net) or use OmniSky’s data network (AT&T).

• Palm also offers email applications for Palm VII.

Two key design principles:

• Information transfer (user navigation and interaction) is based on simple query and response (rather than hyperlinks). Each client request is in the form of a query back to the server.

• An application is partitioned so that the query portion resides on the PDA (PQA).


Wireless-Based Software System Architectures

Jerry Gao Ph.D. 3/2004All Rights Reserved


Different Types of Wireless-Based Software Applications

Mobile Commerce Systems

Wireless Marketing Systems

Mobile Billing and Payment Systems

Wireless Advertising SystemsWireless Groupware Systems

Wireless Answering SystemWireless Yellow Page Mobile Portal Systems

Mobile-Based Trading SystemsLocation-Based Sales Systems

Wireless Instant Messaging Systems

Wireless Information Service Systems

Wireless eCRM Systems

Wireless Navigation Systems

Wireless Personal Groupware

Wireless Address BookWireless GroupwareWireless Email SystemMobile Scheduling SystemPersonal Navigation System

Wireless Entertainment Systems

Mobile Digital GamesWireless Music BoxWireless e-BooksMobile Movie StationMobile Travel System



Different Types of Wireless-Based Software Applications

Wireless-Based Enterprise Systems

Mobile-Based Rental Car Service Systems

Mobile-Based School Service Systems

Mobile-Based Hotel Service SystemsWireless-Based Flood Forecasting System

Wireless-Based Security Monitoring SystemWireless-Based Sensor Control Systems

Mobile-Based Government Service Systems

Wireless-Based Weather Forecasting System

Wireless-Based Real-Time Control Systems

Mobile-Based Healthcare Service Systems

Wireless-Based Customer Service Systems

Mobile Parking Service System Mobile Restaurant Service SystemWireless Email SystemPersonal Navigation System

Mobile Publishing Systems

Mobile Magazine & NewsMobile Content PortalsMobile Copy and PrintingMobile Media Service


Different Architectures of Wireless-Based Application Systems

Wireless-Based Internet Application Systems- Mobile Content Access Systems- Mobile Interactive Application Systems- Complex Mobile Application Systems

Wireless-Based Messaging Systems- Peer-to-Peer Messaging Systems- Application-to-Application Messaging Systems

Mobile Smart Application Systems- PDA-based smart application systems- PocketPC-oriented smart application systems

Mobile Enterprise Application Systems


Wireless Internet Architecture

PDA

WirelessWebServer

DB Sever

Wireless Network

Wireless Network

Web Phone

Pocket PC Firewall

Middleware

ApplicationServer

Data Store

Wireless Network

WirelessMicro browser




Wireless-Based Internet Application Systems

- Client Layer:-Micro-browser client using a URL address to connect with a wireless web server.-To support complex wireless internet applications, other mobile APIs are used as frameworks at the client side.

-Middle Layer: (Wireless Web Server and Middleware) -It listens to the incoming HTTP requests and sends the appropriate responses back to the client.-To accommodate the large no. of micro-browsers and markup languages used in wireless computing, some wireless middleware are added to work with the wireless web server to help in formatting of wireless content.

-Application Layers: -The wireless Web Server will access the enterprise data source using the preferred mechanism.-The data store system supports the access and management of mobile contents in a data store.-Application systems provide various service functions


Wireless Internet System Architectures

Advantages of wireless Internet System architectures:

- Minimal to zero software deployment.-Minimize client software and configuration.

- Easy for use of mobile device users.- Avoiding software updates at the client side.- Familiar user interface due to the use of Internet.

- Extends Internet computing model.- Extending and integrating current internet-based application systems by adding wireless connectivity and accesses for customers and users.

- Enterprise integration.-To accommodate the large no. of micro-browsers and markup languages used in wireless computing, some wireless middleware are added to work with the wireless web server to help in formatting of wireless content.



Advantages of wireless Internet System architectures:

- Broad deployment to multiple mobile devices.

- Fresh data. No worry about stale data. - Security.

-All of the data is stored on the server behind corporate firewalls. No data is stored on the client.

Disadvantages of wireless Internet System architectures:

-Wireless connectivity.- You need wireless connectivity for all data in the application servers.- This could be the problematic due to users’ mobility.

-Simple user interface.- Limited caching and data and functions at the client side.



Disadvantages of wireless Internet System architectures: (continued)- Application performance:

- This application systems over the wireless internet infrastructure may a performance issue due to network throughput and partially to network latency.

- Application testing:-Controlling, predicting, and testing the behaviors of the application is difficult on the full range of micro-browsers due to limits of emulators of mobile devices.

- Availability: Server single fault problem will halt all users’ accesses.

- Security:Total security solution is not available now for

wireless internet infrastructure and applications.

- Cost: Airtime cost may be issues and connectivity time could be issues when- The circuit-switched networks are used.- Wireless applications needs constantly be connected

to mobile users.


Thin-Client Architecture of Wireless Internet Application Systems

PDA/Palm OS

Web Server DB Sever

Wireless Network

Wireless Network

Web Phone

Pocket PC/Window CE

Firewall

Middleware

Mobile ContentDatabasePocket IE

Palm Web Clipping

Openwavebrowser

WAP Protocol

Wireless Network

Mobile pages



(A) Mobile-Based Content Access Systems

What is mobile-based content access systems?

-These systems can be viewed as thin client-based wireless internet systems.-They allow mobile device users to access mobile contents through wireless internet infrastructure.-No complicated application functions and services are provided.

Special features:- Simple thin client architecture supported with a content server.- client software usually is written using cHTML, WML, HDML, XHTML- Needs a micro browser on a mobile device- Simple functional features to support content access and retrieval.- No performance issues- No complex applications- No strong security requirements


Architecture of Interactive Wireless Internet Application Systems

Web Server

DB Sever

Wireless Network

Wireless Network

Web Phone

Pocket PC

Firewall

Middleware

ApplicationServer

Data Store

J2ME

JAVA



(B) Mobile-Based Interactive Application Systems

What is mobile-based interactive application systems?-These systems can be viewed as client/server-based wireless internet application systems.-They allow mobile device users to access mobile contents through wireless internet infrastructure.- Interactive oriented application functions and services are provided.

Special features:- The system supports users to access application systems and services on the service side through interactive access.- client software can be written using script-based wireless programming languages, such as J2ME, WML, cHTML, HDML..- Need a micro browser on a mobile device- Need a wireless web server to support the communications- Need WAP (or other Internet Protocols) to support the communications - High security requirements


Architecture of Complex Wireless Internet Application Systems

WirelessWeb Server

DB Sever

Wireless Network

Wireless Network

Mobile Phone

Pocket PC

Firewall

Middleware

ApplicationServer

Data Store

Java Applets

Java Applets

IntegratorServer

Mainframe

eCRM

EPR



(C) Mobile-Based Complex Application Systems

What is mobile-based complex application systems?-These systems can be viewed as fat client based wireless internet applications.-They allow mobile device users to access complex wireless application systems through wireless internet infrastructure.- At the client side, complex functional features and rich GUI are provided to mobile device users.

Special features:- The system supports users to access complex application function servers.- The client software can be written using more powerful wireless programming languages, such as C++ and Java.-Need more powerful mobile platform on the client side, such as Palm OS, Window CE or Sybain OS.- Use diverse internet communication protocols to connect wireless networks.- High security requirements



Internet

The WAP-Based System Architecture

WAP Gateway

BearerNetwork

WAP Browser

Client

Web Server

WAP BrowserApplication Server

Middleware

WAP Protocol

WML

WMLHTML

WAP-Based System Architecture includes the following components:

• WAP Browser

– The WAP browser is similar to Web (HTTP) browsers. It provides a standard user interface to various wireless internet users.

– It interacts with mobile users based on WML (the Wireless Markup Language) and WML Script (a scripting language for the WAP browser).

– It access WML and WML Script content by specifying a URL. Furthermore, it can access dynamic content via CGI and Java Servlets on the Internet server.

• WAP gateway:

- It is responsible for interfacing the wireless bearer network to

the wired Internet.

- It enables WAP browsers to access standard HTTP servers.

- It moves traffic between the bearer network and the Internet, therefore, providing Internet traffic to the wireless devices.


WAP-Based System Architecture

• Bearer Network:

– Since wireless devices exist with a variety of IP and non-IP based infrastructures. The primary function of the bearer network from a WAP perspective is to connect individual wireless devices to a WAP gateway.

• Internet Server:

– Internet server provides various kinds of Internet wireless content services and application services to mobile users.

– It provides web-based applications and web content to web users.

• Internet Client:

- Internet client software, such as web browser, which interact with web users to support web accesses.


WAP-Based System Architecture



The WAP Software Architecture

WAE

WSP

WTP

UDP

IP

BearerNetwork

WAE

WSP

WTP

WTLS

WDP

BearerNetwork

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data LinkNetwork(HW)

IP-Based WAP Non IP-Based WAP

The WAP architecture consists of six layers:

• Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP)

– It provides essentially the same services as the UDP in an IP network.

• Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)

– It is the layer in the WAP architecture that is responsible for data integrity, privacy, and authentication.

– WTLS is similar to the industry-standard Transport Layer Security (TLS) security protocol.

– It has been optimized for use on bandwidth-constrained networks

• Wireless Transport Protocol (WTP)

– It is a lightweight transaction-oriented transport protocol. It provides three classes of communications: a) unreliable one-way messaging, b) reliable one-way messaging, and c) reliable two-way transactions.

– It has been optimized for use in bandwidth-constrained networks


WAP Software Architecture


WAP Software Architecture

• Wireless Session Protocol (WSP)

– It provides upper layers with two forms of services:

• Connection-oriented service and datagram service.

• Wireless Application Environment (WAE)

– It is the layer of the WAP architecture that is of greatest interest to the WAP Servlet developer.

– At the layer, applications use the WSP to communicate with HTTP servers on the Internet.

– All applications pertain to specific types of WAP clients (phones, pages, …)


Wireless-Based Smart Client Application System Architecture

PDA

SynchronizationServer Enterprise

Data Source

Wireless Network

Wired Network

Smart Phone Pocket PC

Java Application

Java Application

Java Application


Architecture of Smart Client Application Systems

Smart Client Application Systems:

- Smart client application systems are a powerful alternative to wireless internet applications.

- Instead of using a micro-browser on the client, customer software is developed.

- Smart client software usually contains a persistent data storage mechanism as well as business logic.

- Smart client applications can be executed at any time, even when a wireless connection is unavailable.

- Integration to the enterprise is typically provided via a synchronization process whereby the client application communication data to back-end data sources trough a synchronization server.

- Wireless or wired communications are necessary for data synchronization with a server.



Smart Client Architecture Components:

• Smart Client:

The smart client application is where client-side business logic is executed. Application is either native executable or java application that is deployed to the mobile device.

- To provide offline data access, mobile data store products are incorporated into the applications.

- To communicate to the enterprise systems, a synchronization or messaging layer is also part of the smart client application.

• Synchronization Server:

– Data is sent from the client application to the synchronization server.

– This happens over a wireless or wired connections to the server.

– The server with associated logic to ensure the data synchronization.

– Communication layer is provided to support the client-server communications.



Advantages:

• Always available data and services.

• Rich user interfaces.

• Better performance.

• Distributed computing

• Good security

• Low cost for wireless access

Disadvantages:

• Enterprise integration

• Application deployment – users must deploy whenever new versions are generated.

• Mobile viruses

• Development complexity

• Multiple development cycles

– When mobile devices (os, languages) updated or upgrades, software must be updated.



Smart Client Architecture Components:

• Smart Client:

The smart client application is where client-side business logic is executed. Application is either native executable or java application that is deployed to the mobile device.

- To provide offline data access, mobile data store products are incorporated into the applications.

- To communicate to the enterprise systems, a synchronization or messaging layer is also part of the smart client application.

• Synchronization Server:

– Data is sent from the client application to the synchronization server.

– This happens over a wireless or wired connections to the server.

– The server with associated logic to ensure the data synchronization.

– Communication layer is provided to support the client-server communications.



Internet

The Web Clipping Network Architecture

Data Center

PDA

WirelessData

Network

What is SMS?








Web Clipping Network Architecture

Key differences between WAP and Palm.net are:

• A WAP user can browse any web site that handles WAP.Palm.net users. A Palm.net user only can only access those sites that have been stipulated as readable via a Palm Query Application (PQA), which must be downloaded to the Palm device.

• WAP applications can run over a wide range of networks – CDMA, TDMA, CDPD, GPRS, Mobitex, and so on. However, only numbers applications can be run on the top of Palm OS, including WAP applications or applications for accessing a corporate LAN.


Web Clipping Network Architecture



Internet

Cell tower

Web Phone

Microsoft Exchange

Lotus Notes

A Typical Web ASP Network Architecture

Conduit Server

Microsoft Exchange

Lotus Notes

Conduit Server

PDA

Firewall

WirelessNetwork

Microsoft Exchange:

• It is one of the predominant corporate electronic mail packages available today.

• Wireless Knowledge’s Workstyle Server allows corporations to connect multiple Exchange servers with wireless handhelds and phones, so that users can real mail, check their calendars, or look up their phone books using mobile devices.

Lotus Notes:

• Lotus mobile service for Domino software package from Lotus allows mobile users to connect to their Lotus Notes applications like email, calendar, address book, discussion database etc.



Companies, such as Wireless Knowledge and Saraide are becoming the application service providers (ASP)s of the wireless world.

They hook up employees to corporate networks to provide access to email, calendar, contacts, and intranet content.

Company Mobile Offering

Wireless Knowledge Connectivity to Microsoft Exchange Servers

Saraide Messaging (synchronize with M.S, outlook, and Lotus Schedule), news, travel, financial services

Infinite Mobility Hosting solutions



The system architectures differ depending on mobile devices:

• WAP phones and Smart phones

• Palm PDAs

• WinCE PDAs (or Pocket PC)

• Blackberry handhelds

Two approaches to place existing content on WML and/or HDML devices:

• Rewrite all or sections of the Web Site into WML or HDML

• Use rendering/extraction techniques to transfer existing content and then apply transcoding to produce the content into multiple formats such as WML, HDML, HTML, cHTML, and VXML.


Extending Existing Web-Based Applications to Wireless Devices



Internet

AvantGo’s Architecture

Data Center

BellSouthData NetworkAT&T CDPD

EnterpriseResources

Palm PDACommercialContent

Palm PDA



A Personalization Framework

PDA

Mobile Phone

Phone

Web ServerRules and Logic

Engine

ContentRepository

Web ServerLogs

User Information

& Preferences

ClientStream Data

Device Capability and Profile

Security Infoand E-commerce

History

User inputuser navigation

Web Content, Email., fax, Instant Message



Internet

Web Phone

Architecture For A Wireless Enterprise Solution

PDA

Wireless Platforms

Wireless MD Application

HMO

Radiology

LabsHospital

Pharmacy

Physician

PharmaceuticalManufacturers

Web Users



XML Publishing Server Publishing Framework

XML Application

Server

Appliance

Web Phone

PDA, Handheld

Pager

Web PC

WML, cHTML, XHTML Basic

XML, HTTP, Java

SMS, IMAP, POP

VoiceXMLVoice portal

HTML, XHTML

XML, HTTP, Java

To reach many kinds of wireless devices from your server, you must be able to handle each device efficiently as a presentation device.

There are a number of useful approaches:

• Using a server for each type of devices.

– Simple but costly.

• Using a page translator.

- This approach is simple, but the end product has not been received well by mobile users. We need an application built for them with content edited to suit their mobile devices.

• an XML application server.

- This approach provides the maximum coverage and is the easiest setup to maintain in the long run.

- XML has great flexibility and deliver portable content from application servers.


Wireless Publishing Framework



The Speech Recognition Process

Capture & Digitization

Wireless Phone

Phone

Network

Spectral Representation

and Segmentation

Feature Extraction

RecognitionCommunication

WirelessNetwork

•Speech recognition is a computer’s ability to receive and understand (process) spoken commands and words.

•Voice recognition is a computer’s ability to recognize a specific voice or speaker and is used for security and authentication purposes.

Speech recognition systems have two functions:- understanding the words being spoken and then converting them into text for

further use.

- converting text to speech for the purposes of information access

There are three basic components of speech recognition:

• Capture and preprocessing (from analog signal -> digital format)

• Recognition and feature extraction– analyze the acoustic signals and recognize common sound patterns

(phonemes)

– Words, phrases, and sentences can be represented digitally (segmented and restructured)

• Communication with other application software and hardware


The Speech Recognition System and Components


Wireless Messaging Value Chain

Gateway

PDA

Gateway

ProprietaryInterface

ProprietaryInterfaceWireless

Network

Wireless Network

Mobile Message-OrientedMiddleware

SystemAggregator

WirelessCarrier

WirelessDevice

Basic of messaging systems:

- Asynchronous vs. synchronous messaging

- Push vs. Pull

Different types of messaging systems:

Email: SMTP Server

POP3 Server

Paging

Short Message Service (SMS)

Enhanced Message Service (EMS)

Multimedia Message Service (MMS)

Instant Messaging

HDML Notification

WAP Push


Wireless-Based Messaging Systems


Application-to-Application Messaging System Architecture

MessagingServer Database

Wireless Network

Wired Network

Firewall

ClientApplication

Message Queue

ClientApplication

Message Queue

Application-to-application messaging

- In many cases, user interaction is not required for the message to be successful.

- Enterprises can communicate data directly from an enterprise server to a client application without user interaction.

Major components of application-to-application messaging systems:

(A) Messaging client: The client contains i) message queues, ii) client user interface, and iii) messaging communication support for outgoing and incoming message transactions.

Simple persistent data store for messages.

Typical technology for client will be Java or scripted language.



Wireless-Based Messaging Application Systems:

There are many forms:

- Emails, alters, and notifications- Messages that are urgent in nature can be pushed to mobile users on their

mobile devices.

- These types pf messages are called actionable alters, since the recipient performs an action based on the message content.

- Two leading technologies for notifications and alerts are HDML alters and WAP push.

- User-to-user messaging systems- Messages can be sent from one user to another using various of mechanisms,

including email, paging, and wireless text messaging (for example, Short Message Service (SMS), or Instant Messaging (IM).

- Richer messages with graphics and formatted text can be sent using the Enhanced Message Service (EMS).

- Multimedia content can be sent using the Multimedia Message Service (MMS).



(B) Messaging server:It supports the communications with messaging clients

It interact with enterprise data store.

Typical technologies:

- Message Oriented Middleware (MOM)

- Java Message Service (JMS).

(C) Enterprise data source:

- The messaging system can interact with many different types of back-end systems, including database, business applications, and other messaging systems.

- Asynchronous nature of messaging systems is well suited for systems that require complex enterprise integration since the user does not have to wait for a response.



Advantages:

- Push capabilities.

- Store-and-forward.

- Personalized data delivery.

- Wired and wireless communication.

Disadvantages:

- Add complexity to the wireless client and server.

- Testing and performance validation become issue due the lack of testing tools for wireless application systems.




SMS-Based Messaging System Architecture

SMSC


Wireless Network

Wireless Network

EnterpriseSystem

WirelessDevice

SMSC


What is SMS?

• The SMS was first introduced in Europe in 1991 as a part of GSM Phase 1 standard.

• Since then, it has had tremendous success, more than 1 billion messages sent around the world daily. (2003)

• SMS is supported on digital wireless networks such as GSM, CDMA, and TDMA.

• SMS makes it possible to send and receive short text messages to and from mobile telephones.



What is MMS?

• Multimedia Message Service (MMS)







Multimedia Message Service (MMS)

What is Web Clipping?









system architectures for wireless & internet application systems speaker: jerry gao ph.d. san...

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