system definition – awast

System Definition – AWAST

Report

(Vers. 1.7)

Project AWAST Aid in the Management and European Comparison of Municipal Solid WASte Treatment

methods for a Global and Sustainable Approach

Project Nr. EVK4-CT-2000-00015

Workpackage 7 Model integration – Simulator development – Validation

Task 1: Design of a simulator structure Task 2: Model implementation for each channel

Task 3: Check for consistency both on available experimental and on theoretical data (definition of default values for model parameters)

D25: Documented models for predicting material and energy balance for all channels, with their methods of use

D26: Documented models and databases for economic balance calculation D27: Software allowing the simulation of all possible organisation of solid waste management

D28: Methodology, use and limits of the software; report generation options for different types of end user

Annex 3: System Definition - AWAST

Roland Fehringer, Bernd Brandt, Paul H. Brunner Vienna University of Technology Institute for Water Quality and Waste Management

Hans Daxbeck, Stefan Neumayer, Roman Smutny Resource Management Agency

Table of content

1 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................1

2 SYSTEM BOUNDARY ........................................................................................................3

3 SYSTEM DEFINITION.........................................................................................................5 3.1 Waste definitions ........................................................................................................5 3.2 System structure AWAST ..........................................................................................9

4 DEFINITION OF PROCESSES AND GOODS..................................................................13 4.1 Collection and transport of waste (CT)...................................................................16

4.1.1 Collection of mixed waste (CM).........................................................................17 4.1.1.1 Collection of mixed waste - detail (CMD) .................................................18

4.1.2 Separate waste collection – curbside (SC)........................................................19 4.1.2.1 Separate collection of secondary materials (SCS)...................................20 4.1.2.2 Separate collection of bulky waste (SCB) ................................................22 4.1.2.3 Separate collection of other waste (SCO)................................................23

4.1.3 Separate waste collection - collecting point (CP) ..............................................25 4.1.3.1 Collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) .......................................27 4.1.3.2 Collecting point TIBS (CPT) .....................................................................29 4.1.3.3 Collecting point for bulky waste (CPB).....................................................31 4.1.3.4 Collecting point for other waste (CPO).....................................................32

4.1.4 Collection of other waste (CO) ..........................................................................34 4.1.4.1 Cleaning of the road (COR) .....................................................................36 4.1.4.2 Collection of other organic waste (COO) .................................................37 4.1.4.3 Transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS)...............................38

4.1.5 Transport of imported waste (TI) .......................................................................39 4.1.5.1 Transport of imported waste - detail (TID) ...............................................40

4.2 Treatment of waste (TW) ..........................................................................................43 4.2.1 Sorting (S) .........................................................................................................44

4.2.1.1 Sorting of paper and cardboard (SPC).....................................................45 4.2.1.2 Sorting of plastic (SP) ..............................................................................46 4.2.1.3 Sorting of metal (SM) ...............................................................................47 4.2.1.4 Sorting of glass (SG)................................................................................48 4.2.1.5 Sorting of composite packaging (SCP) ....................................................49 4.2.1.6 Sorting of mixed secondary materials (SMS)...........................................50 4.2.1.7 Sorting of bulky waste (SB)......................................................................52 4.2.1.8 Sorting of road waste (SR).......................................................................53

4.2.2 Mechanical chemical treatment (MT) ................................................................54

AWAST D25 – D 28 Annex 3: System Definition – Report i

4.2.2.1 Mixed waste splitting (MWS)....................................................................55 4.2.2.2 Organic waste splitting (OWS) .................................................................56 4.2.2.3 Follow up treatment (FT)..........................................................................57

4.2.3 Biological treatment (BT) ...................................................................................58 4.2.3.1 Mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT) ...........................................60 4.2.3.2 Other biological treatment plant (OBT) ....................................................62 4.2.3.3 Composting plant (C) ...............................................................................64

4.2.4 Thermal treatment (TT) .....................................................................................65 4.2.4.1 Grate incineration plant (GI) .....................................................................67 4.2.4.2 Fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) .........................................................69 4.2.4.3 Cement kiln incineration plant (CI) ...........................................................71 4.2.4.4 Other incineration plant (OI) .....................................................................73

4.2.5 Recycling (REC) ................................................................................................75 4.2.5.1 Recycling –detail (RECD) ........................................................................76

4.3 Transport of treated waste (T) .................................................................................79 4.3.1 Transport of sorted waste (TS)..........................................................................81

4.3.1.1 Transport of paper and cardboard sorting products (TPCS) ....................82 4.3.1.2 Transport of plastic sorting products (TPS)..............................................83 4.3.1.3 Transport of metal sorting products (TMS)...............................................84 4.3.1.4 Transport of glass sorting products (TGS) ...............................................85 4.3.1.5 Transport of composite packaging sorting products (TCPS)....................86 4.3.1.6 Transport of mixed secondary materials sorting products (TMSS) ..........87 4.3.1.7 Transport of bulky waste sorting products (TBS) .....................................89 4.3.1.8 Transport of road waste sorting products (TRS) ......................................90

4.3.2 Transport of mechanically chemically treated waste (TMT) ..............................91 4.3.2.1 Transport of mixed waste splitting products (TMWS)...............................92 4.3.2.2 Transport of organic waste splitting products (TOWS).............................93 4.3.2.3 Transport of follow up treatment products (TFT)......................................94

4.3.3 Transport of biologically treated waste (TBT)....................................................95 4.3.3.1 Transport of mechanical biological treatment plant products (TMBT)......96 4.3.3.2 Transport of other biological treatment plant products (TOBT) ................98 4.3.3.3 Transport of composting plant products (TC).........................................100

4.3.4 Transport of thermally treated waste (TTT) .....................................................101 4.3.4.1 Transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) ..............................102 4.3.4.2 Transport of fluidized bed incineration plant products (TFI) ...................103 4.3.4.3 Transport of cement kiln incineration plant products (TCI).....................104 4.3.4.4 Transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) ..............................106

4.4 Landfill (L) ...............................................................................................................107 4.4.1 Landfill - detail (LD) .........................................................................................108

4.4.1.1 Landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) ...................................................109 4.4.1.2 Landfill for inert waste (LI) ......................................................................112

AWAST D25 – D 28 Annex 3: System Definition – Report ii

4.4.1.3 Landfill for hazardous waste (LH) ..........................................................113

5 LINKS BETWEEN CHANNEL-DEDICATED WORKPACKAGES .................................115

6 SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES ....................................................................................119

7 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................121

AWAST D25 – D 28 Annex 3: System Definition – Report iii

AWAST D25 – D 28 Annex 3: System Definition – Report iv

1 Background

This section deals with the definition of an adequate system for the project AWAST. Basis for the system are project objectives (see deliverable 1+2; chapter 1) and MFA methodology (deliverable 1+2; chapter 3). The first part is dedicated to the definition of the system boundary, then follow definitions of the investigated types of waste and the design of the system structure. The next step covers definitions of processes and goods and illustrates links between processes and between workpackages. Finally the selection of substances and the waste matrix complete the system definition. Objectives of project AWAST The task of this chapter is to establish a system that can be used, if filled with proper data, to reach the objectives and answer the questions of the project AWAST. The general objective of the project is to improve city waste management by creating a decision aid tool with the following aspects:

flexibility adaptability to local context possibility for simulations:

o investigation of alternative MSW management paths o define and plan sustainable degrees of progress o accompany, control and reorient the choices

using experience of Central and Western EU countries including energetic and economic aspects of the whole waste management evaluating present situation in terms of waste processing efficiency, cost, energetic

balance, residual streams, etc. Linking AWAST workpackages The system AWAST has to suit to these aspects and got also the task to link and coordinate the work of all partners involved in the project. This is achieved by determining and defining interfaces guaranteeing that the key questions between the partners can be answered appropriately and uniformly. Interfaces are needed

between channel dedicated workpackages (WP): o Collection and transport (WP 4) o Sorting and material recovery (WP 4) o Landfill (WP 4) o Biological treatment (WP 5) o Thermal treatment (WP 6)

between parameter dedicated workpackages (WP): o Waste matter aspects (WP 1) o Energetic aspects (WP 2) o Economic aspects (WP 3)

The connection between channel dedicated workpackages is achieved by the structure (levels and processes) of the system (see chapter 3.2) while the connection of parameter dedicated workpackages is achieved through consideration of all relevant goods and definition of data processing.

AWAST D25 – D 28 Annex 3: System Definition – Report 1

Major system components System AWAST represents municipal solid waste management. Waste management can roughly be divided into waste transport, waste treatment and sanitary landfill. The major good is solid waste from private households. Other relevant goods are business waste similar to household waste, waste from public places (roads, markets, parks), waste treatment products, supplies and emissions.

Figure 1-1: Structure of the AWAST project

Case studies (Lisbon, Orleans, Stuttgart) According to the project objectives mentioned before, the system will be defined to develop a flexible, globally applicable decision aid tool. For the first experimental application of this tool, the three case studies, the processes and goods that are relevant for these cities will be marked and separately described.


2 System boundary

Regional boundary The regional component of the system boundary is the political boundary of the city and the plant boundaries of treatment plants and landfills, where waste or waste products from the city are treated or disposed. For treatment plants and landfills outside the city, only waste or waste products, costs and energy shares from the city are investigated and balanced. The system boundary comprises the municipal solid waste management from collection to treatment and landfilling. Construction and maintenance of the infrastructure (machinery, buildings, roads) are not investigated. Also not investigated is the abrasion of machinery (e.g. tires). Temporal boundary The temporal component of the system boundary is one year. The data set should be as current and complete as possible (e.g. 1999, 2000 or 2001).


3 System definition

This section delivers the AWAST system. The AWAST system is already roughly outlined by the system boundary (see chapter 2) and will be designed more detailed by defining the investigated wastes. The system is determined according to the coordinating of the project workpackages (WP). 3.1 Waste definitions

The AWAST system represents municipal solid waste management. The definition of waste and municipal solid waste in the European legislation is used for this project. Waste shall mean any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard. [Directive 91/156/EEC, 1991] Liquid waste means, according to the European directive on the landfill of waste [Directive 1999/31/EC, 1999], any waste in liquid form including wastewaters but excluding sludge. Municipal waste means, according to the European directive on the landfill of waste [Directive 1999/31/EC, 1999] waste from households, as well as other waste which, because of its nature or composition, is similar to waste from household. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is defined and classified in the European waste catalogue (EWC). The EWC was established in 1994 [Decision 94/3/EC, 1994] (valid from 1994 to 2001), harmonised in 2000 [Decision 2000/532/EC, 2000] and amended in 2001 [Decision 2001/118/EC, 2001] (applies from 1. January 2002). Municipal solid waste (EWC 20) can be divided in (see Table 3-1):

EWC 20 01: separately collected fractions EWC 20 02: garden and park waste (including cemetery waste) EWC 20 03: other municipal waste (incl. mixed household waste)

The definition of MSW through EWC includes hazardous wastes, electronic equipment, discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons and septic tank sludge. Additionally to the wastes of code number 20 of EWC, the following wastes are investigated in the system:

EWC 15 01: municipal packaging wastes EWC 16 01: end-of-life vehicles. This category was classified as municipal solid waste

in the first edition of the EWC (valid from 1994 to 2001) and therefore investigated during the development of the AWAST system. In order to avoid loss of already collected data, this waste will be further investigated. However, for the three case studies it is not relevant and therefore this good will not be investigated in the first step of the development of the simulation software.

EWC 19 08 05: sewage sludge (from urban wastewater). This solid waste is often co-processed with mixed MSW in biological waste treatment plants. For the three case studies it is not relevant and therefore this good will not be investigated in the first step of the development of the simulation software.



Mixed municipal waste means, according to the European directive on the incineration of waste [Directive 2000/76/EC, 2000], waste from households as well as commercial, industrial and institutional waste, which because of its nature and composition is similar to waste from households, but excluding fractions indicated in the Annex to Decision 94/3/EC(22) under heading 20 01 that are collected separately at source (e.g. paper, glass, plastic, metal) and excluding the other wastes indicated under heading 20 02 of that Annex (e.g. park and garden waste). The following table (Table 3-1) lists all waste categories that are investigated in the AWAST system. The categories are based on the EWC. Table 3-2 shows which categories are subsumed in each good of the AWAST system.

Table 3-1: European waste catalogue (EWC) [Decision 2001/118/EC, 2001]

catalogue number description

15 01 packaging (including separately collected municipal packaging waste) 15 01 01 paper and cardboard packaging 15 01 02 plastic packaging 15 01 03 wooden packaging 15 01 04 metallic packaging 15 01 05 composite packaging 15 01 06 mixed packaging 15 01 07 glass packaging 15 01 09 textile packaging 15 01 10*1) packaging containing residues of or contaminated by dangerous substances

15 01 11*1) metallic packaging containing a dangerous solid porous matrix (for example asbestos), including empty pressure containers

16 01 end-of-life vehicles 19 08 05 sludges from treatment of urban wastewater

20 MUNICIPAL WASTES (HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND SIMILAR COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL WASTES) INCLUDING SEPARATELY COLLECTED FRACTIONS

20 01 separately collected fractions (except 15 01) 20 01 01 paper and cardboard 20 01 02 glass 20 01 08 biodegradable kitchen and canteen waste 20 01 10 clothes 20 01 11 textiles 20 01 13* solvents 20 01 14* acids 20 01 15* alkalines 20 01 17* photochemicals 20 01 19* pesticides 20 01 21* fluorescent tubes and other mercury containing waste 20 01 23* discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) 20 01 25 edible oil and fat 20 01 26* oil and fat other than those mentioned in 20 01 25 20 01 27* paint, inks, adhesives and resins containing dangerous substances 20 01 28 paint, inks, adhesives and resins other than those mentioned in 20 01 27 20 01 29* detergents containing dangerous substances 20 01 30 detergents other than those mentioned in 20 01 29 20 01 31* cytotoxic and cytostatic medicines 20 01 32 medicines other than those mentioned in 20 01 31


Table 3-1 continued catalogue number description

20 01 33* batteries and accumulators included in 16 06 01 (lead batteries), 16 06 02 (Ni-Cd batteries) or 16 06 03 (mercury-containing batteries) and unsorted batteries and accumulators containing these batteries

20 01 34 batteries and accumulators other than those mentioned in 20 01 33

20 01 35* discarded electrical and electronic equipment other than those mentioned in 20 01 21 and 20 01 23 containing hazardous components

20 01 36 discarded electrical and electronic equipment other than those mentioned in 20 01 21, 20 01 23 and 20 01 35

20 01 37* wood containing dangerous substances 20 01 38 wood other than that mentioned in 20 01 37 20 01 39 plastics 20 01 40 metals 20 01 411) wastes from chimney sweeping 20 01 991) other fractions not otherwise specified 20 02 garden and park waste (including cemetery waste) 20 02 01 biodegradable waste 20 02 02 soil and stones 20 02 03 other non-biodegradable wastes 20 03 other municipal waste 20 03 01 mixed municipal waste 20 03 02 waste from markets 20 03 03 street-cleaning residues 20 03 041) septic tank sludge 20 03 06 waste from sewage cleaning 20 03 07 bulky waste 20 03 991) municipal wastes not otherwise specified

Remark: Any waste marked with an asterisk (*) is considered as a hazardous waste pursuant to Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste and subject to the provisions of that Directive unless Article 1(5) of that Directive applies.

1) Not further investigated.


Table 3-2: Relationship of the “goods” within the AWAST system and the European waste catalogue (EWC)

AWAST good EWC numbers description

mixed waste 150105,150106, 200301

Mixed municipal waste from households as well as commercial, industrial and institutional waste, which because of its nature and composition is similar to waste from households. Including composite and mixed packaging

paper 150101, 200101 paper and cardboard packaging, paper and cardboard plastics 150102, 200139 plastic packaging and other waste plastics metals 150104, 200140 metallic packaging and other waste metals glass 150107, 200102 glass packaging and other waste glass

textiles 150109, 200110, 200111 textile packaging, other textiles and clothes

composite packaging 150105 composite packaging

mixed secondary materials

seco

ndar

y m

ater

ials

150106 mixed packaging (mixed secondary materials; collected together)

batteries 200133, 200134 batteries and accumulators

chemicals 200113-200119 200126-200131

solvents, acids, alkalines, photochemicals, pesticides, hazardous oil and fat, paint (incl. inks, adhesives and resins), detergents, cytotoxic and cytostatic medicines

fluorescent tubes 200121 fluorescent tubes and other mercury containing waste

medicines 200132 medicines (excl. cytotoxic and cytostatic medicines) oil and fat 200125 edible oil and fat

WEEE 200135, 200136 waste of electric and electronic equipment (e.g. printed circuit boards)

CFCE 200123 chlorofluorocarbons-containing equipment (e.g. refrigerators, air-conditioning equipment)

end-of-life vehicles

haza

rdou

s w

aste

16 01 end-of-life vehicles

biowaste 200108 biodegradable kitchen and canteen waste (food waste) cemetery waste 2002 cemetery waste: biodegradable waste, soil and stones other

non-biodegradable wastes

garden and park waste 2002

garden and park waste (excluding cemetery waste): biodegradable waste, soil and stones other non-biodegradable wastes

market waste orga

nic

was

te

200302 waste from markets

bulky waste 150103, 200137 200138, 200307

wooden packaging, other wood and furniture. Excluding construction and demolition waste and electric equipment.

manually collected road waste

200303 street cleaning residues

road waste collected by sweepers

200303 street cleaning residues (grit, etc.)

sewer waste 200306 residues from cleaning the sand catchers and grills of the sewer system

sewage sludge

othe

r was

te

190805 dried sludges from treatment of urban waste water.


Sometimes it is necessary to use a term for a group of waste goods. In the AWAST system, the following terms are applied for waste categories: Secondary materials: Separate collected wastes that are or are to be reused or reclaimed as secondary raw materials [Buchner & Manu, 1994]. In the AWAST system, the following waste goods from the preceding table are subsumed to this category: glass, metals, paper, plastics, textiles. Hazardous waste: In the AWAST project, only small scale hazardous waste included e.g. in household waste or business waste is investigated, because industrial wastes are not in the scope of the project. The following waste goods from the preceding table belong to this category: batteries, chemicals, fluorescent tubes, medicines, oil and fat, WEEE (waste of electric and electronic equipment), CFCE (chlorofluorocarbons-containing equipment) and end-of-life vehicles. This waste category is not identical with the definition of hazardous waste in the European legislation (see Table 3-1). Physical-chemical treatment of hazardous waste is not in the scope of project AWAST and therefore will not be further examined. However, thermal treatment and disposal will be investigated. Organic waste: Biowaste (from kitchens and canteens), garden waste, cemetery waste and market waste is characterised as organic waste. Other waste: Waste categories, that don’t fit into the preceding waste groups, like bulky waste, road waste, sewer waste and sewage sludge, are characterised as other waste. 3.2 System structure AWAST

The system needs to deliver a structure for detailed data input, a link between the workpackages (WP) of the project partners and a proper overview of municipal solid waste management. To fulfil these tasks, the system is structured into three hierarchy levels. Each level covers the entire system, but the difference is the level of aggregation of the system parts (processes1 and goods). Level-1: Overview level (see Figure 4-1) In order to obtain an easy comprehensible and clear picture, the aggregation of system parts at this level is very high and focuses on the path of waste. The level-1 processes could also be referred to as subsystems containing level-2 processes. Level-2: Link level This level serves as connection between levels and between workpackages:

Connection between levels: Each level-2 process consists of one or more level-3 processes (subprocesses) and is itself a part (subprocess) of one level-1 process.

Connection between workpackages (WP): Each channel dedicated WP is represented by one or more level-2 processes:

1 Each process can also be a subprocess (of a process at a higher level) or a subsystem (containing subprocesses).


Table 3-3: Channel dedicated workpackages and their related processes.

WP No. WP-Title Level-2 processes WP 5 Biological treatment Biological treatment WP 6 Thermal treatment Thermal treatment WP 4 Collection/transport – sorting - landfill All other processes

Level-3: Plant level This is the most detailed level and it serves as a structure for data input. According to the objective of flexibility, it is possible to add new processes (e.g. for new or alternative waste treatment technologies) or to delete processes (if they are not needed) at this level. The following table lists all the processes and their relation from level to level. The description of the processes and their goods delivers chapter 4.

Table 3-4: Processes of the system AWAST

LEVEL-1 PROCESSES LEVEL-2 PROCESSES LEVEL-3 PROCESSES

OVERVIEW LEVEL LINK LEVEL PLANT LEVEL

collection of mixed waste CMD collection of mixed waste - detail SCS separate collection of secondary materials SCB separate collection of bulky waste

separate waste collection -curbside

SCO separate collection of other waste collection CPS collecting point for secondary materials

and separate waste collection - CPT collecting point TIBS transport collecting point CPB collecting point for bulky waste of waste CPO collecting point for other waste

COR cleaning of the road collection of other waste COO collection of other organic waste TSS transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste transport of imported waste TID transport of imported waste - detail


Table 3-4 continued SPC sorting of paper and cardboard SP sorting of plastic SM sorting of metal SG sorting of glass SCP sorting of composite packaging SMS sorting of mixed secondary materials SB sorting of bulky waste

sorting

SR sorting of road waste MWS mixed waste splitting OWS organic waste splitting mechanical chemical

treatment FT follow up treatment MBT mechanical biological treatment plant OBT other biological treatment plant biological treatment C composting plant GI grate incineration plant FI fluidized bed incineration plant CI cement kiln incineration plant

thermal treatment

OI other incineration plant

treatment of waste

recycling1) RECD recycling - detail1)

TPCS transport of paper and cardboard sorting productTPS transport of plastic sorting products TMS transport of metal sorting products TGS transport of glass sorting products TCPS transport of composite packaging sorting product

TMSS transport of mixed secondary materials sorting products

TBS transport of bulky waste sorting products

transport of sorted waste

TRS transport of road waste sorting products TMWS transport of mixed waste splitting products TOWS transport of organic waste splitting products transport of mechanically

chemically treated waste TFT transport of follow up treatment products

TMBT transport of mechanical biological treatment plant products

TOBT transport of other biological treatment plant products

transport of biologically treated waste

TC transport of composting plant products TGI transport of grate incineration plant products

TFI transport of fluidized bed incineration plant products

TCI transport of cement kiln products

transport of treated waste

transport of thermally treated waste

TOI transport of other incineration plant products LN landfill for non hazardous waste LI landfill for inert waste landfill landfill - detail LH landfill for hazardous waste

1) Not to be balanced. See next section for explanation.

4 Definition of processes and goods

Subsequent to the definitions of the system towards it surroundings (system boundary), this section determines the internal structure at all three levels:

justification of the selection of processes and goods exact definition and description of all processes and goods determination of links between processes and goods

The purpose of giving such strict definitions is to precisely link goods and processes in an unambiguous way and to allow for an easily comprehensible system structure. This section is split into 5 parts. The first part gives an introduction and determines the AWAST system at level-1 (overview level). The following four parts (Chapters 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4) deal with the four level-1 processes. Each level-1 process is defined and structured through its related level-2 and level-3 processes. The headings to these section parts represent the hierarchical structure of the levels:

system AWAST: one-digit heading (4) Level-1 processes: two-digit headings (4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4) Level-2 processes: three-digit headings Level-3 processes: four-digit headings

An overview over all processes is given in Table 3-4. Section 5 subsumes the links between channel-orientated workpackages. Introduction The AWAST system deals with municipal solid waste from private households and similar waste from businesses (commercial, industrial and institutional waste) and follows this waste from the collection to treatment and landfill. The processes of waste origin (trade, industry, business, service and private household) and the destination processes for emissions (atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere) are not investigated in the project, not part of the system and therefore outside the system boundary as illustrated in Figure 4-1. Inside the system boundaries of AWAST Inside the AWAST system, there are four investigated processes that will be defined in the following sections:

collection and transport of waste treatment of waste transport of treated waste landfill

Transport of waste and transport of treated waste are not combined for reasons of more comprehensibly illustrating the system with regard to the path of waste. For a technical, energetic, economic, social or environmental assessment of waste management of a city, it is necessary to observe the whole treatment path of waste, that means, to include also waste treatment plants outside the city (e.g. filter ash that is exported



to a landfill for hazardous waste), because otherwise assessments would show that the most effective action to improve waste management would be to export waste out of the city. Therefore, the treatment and landfill of waste originating from the city but taking place outside of it are parts of the system AWAST. Recycling is a part of waste treatment. The process “recycling” covers recycling plants (e.g. for steel, paper, plastic, electric and electronic equipment, end-of-life vehicles, hazardous waste etc.) and physical-chemical treatment plants for hazardous waste. Due to the limited scope of the AWAST project, this topic can not be investigated here any further. However, for a further development of the simulation software it is important to extend the scope and the system boundaries, so to include recycling aspects as well. Outside the system boundaries of AWAST Outside of the AWAST system are located:

Business waste management: Business waste is commercial, industrial and institutional waste and also includes construction and demolition waste. The management of business waste which, because of its nature and composition is not similar to waste from households, is not in the project scope and therefore outside the system. This concerns also the management of construction and demolition waste.

Liquid waste treatment: Liquid waste management is also not part of the project and therefore outside the system boundary. But some biological treatment plants need sewage sludge for their composting process. Therefore, the sewage sludge for these biological treatment plants is taken into account as an import into the system.

Waste production: Production, trade and consumption of goods. Environment.

For the definition of goods that cross the system boundary (imports1 and exports), processes of origin or destination outside the system have to be determined. These external processes are:

Environment (ENV): Atmosphere and hydrosphere. Origin of air and water for the demand of the processes and destination of gaseous and liquid emissions.

Private household (PHH): Consumption of goods in private households in the city. Trade, industry, business, service (TIBS): Production of supplies (e.g. fuel) for the

demand of the processes of the AWAST system. Consumption of goods (e.g. food, paper) inside the city, that results in production of waste similar to household waste. Destination of useable products from waste treatment processes.

Neighbouring region (NR): The neighbouring region is the origin of imported waste, e.g. waste from neighbouring municipalities that is treated in the incineration plant of the city.

Other waste relevant processes (OWP): Other waste relevant processes are located inside the city and can be split up into: o Sewage treatment plants: Origin of sewer waste and sewage sludge. Sewage

sludge is investigated only as a necessary input in biological treatment plants. o Road cleaning: Origin of road waste. o Gardens, parks, markets and cemeteries: Origin of organic waste.

All processes of the AWAST system (collection and transport of waste, treatment of waste, transport of treated waste, landfill) are linked very similarly to the external processes. Links to

1 Imports and exports are material flows that run into and out of a system.

“environment” (ENV) through resources and emissions and links to “trade, industry, business, service” (TIBS) through supplies and eventually valuable products. Flow diagram of the AWAST system The following material flow figure shows the system AWAST (level-1). There are two main chains and one loop of processes:

Chain 1: Collection and transport of waste treatment of waste transport of treated waste landfill (e.g. collection of mixed waste, thermal treatment and transport of bottom ash to a landfill for non hazardous waste)

Chain 2: Collection and transport of waste landfill Loop: Treatment of waste transport of treated waste treatment of waste (e.g.

collection of mixed waste, mixed waste splitting, transport of produced thermal fraction with high calorific value to thermal treatment, transport of filter ashes to follow up treatment and transport of treated ashes to a landfill for non hazardous waste)

design: Inge Hengl /awast-system-level1. dsf

R. Fehringer, 2001

Level 1: total system

collection& transport

of waste(CT)

wasteOWP

system boundary "AWAST"

other wasterelevant pro-cesses (OWP)

private house-hold (PHH)

trade, industry,business, service(TIBS)

wasteTIBS

(recycling)productswaste

PHH

importedwaste

residues

emissionsCT

resourcesCT

untreatedwaste

exportedwaste

pretreatedwaste

treatedwaste

waste totreatment

emissionsTW

neighbouringregion (NR)

treatmentof waste

(TW)

transportof treatedwaste (T)

landfill(L)

neighbouringregion (NR)

suppliesTW

resourcesTW

emissionsT

resourcesT

emissionsL

resourcesL

environment(ENV)

environment(ENV)

environment(ENV)

environment(ENV)

environment(ENV)

environment(ENV)

environment(ENV)

environment(ENV)

trade, industry,buseiness, service

(TIBS)


suppliesCT

suppliesL


suppliesT

trade, industry,buseiness, service

(TIBS)


Figure 4-1: System definition of the AWAST system (level-1)

The following sections deliver detailed determinations of all processes. They are structured into:

Process definition Process boundary: Declaration what is inside and outside the process. Goods: Relevant goods Connections: Major processes of origin and destination. Importance for workpackages and case studies: Indication of the AWAST-

workpackage, responsible for data collection and balancing. Definition of links to other


workpackages. Importance of the process and goods for the three case studies (Lisbon, Orleans and Stuttgart).

Process table: The rows contain all goods (input goods, stock and stock variations1, output goods) and the columns contain the processes of origin and destination and the descriptions of all goods. Each good got exactly one process of origin and one process of destination (see following figure). As far as possible, the definitions of the goods refer to the European waste catalogue 2002 (EWC) shown in Table 3-1.

4.1 Collection and transport of waste (CT)

This section deals with all kinds of transports of untreated waste. These transports are classified in four categories - waste pick-up systems, waste drop-off systems, other waste transports (e.g. cleaning of the road) and transport of imported waste. Process definition The process “Collection and transport of waste” (CT) covers the transport of waste from the source (pick-up system) or from collecting points (drop-off system) to treatment plants and landfill sites. Process boundary The transported goods and the consumption of supplies are investigated. Not investigated is the production and maintenance of machinery (vehicles), containers and roads and the abrasion of tires, because their environmental effect is estimated to be not relevant regarding the scope of the project. The economical effect of production and maintenance of transport vehicles can be considered through factors for transported waste. These boundaries are also valid for the following subsections (chapters 4.1.1 - 4.1.5). Goods The investigated goods are transported waste, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “waste PHH” and major output goods are “waste to treatment” and “untreated waste” Connections Major origin of goods is “private household” (PHH) and major destinations are “treatment of waste” (TW) and “landfill” (L). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output good “waste to treatment” is the link to workpackage 5 and to workpackage 6.

1 Stock and stock variations are only investigated in landfill processes. For all other processes it has been assumed that all waste is transported and processed within one year and so there exists no stock and no stock variation.


Table 4-1: Level 1 - Process „Collection and transport of waste” (CT)

process of origin input good process of destination good description

private household (PHH) waste PHH collection and transport of waste (CT)

mixed waste, packaging waste and secondary materials. EWC: 1501, 1601, 20 excl. 2002, 200302 - 200306

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) waste TIBS collection and transport of

waste (CT)

mixed waste, packaging waste and secondary materials. EWC: 1501, 1601, 20 excl. 2002, 200302 - 200306

other waste relevant processes (OWP) waste OWP collection and transport of

waste (CT)

road waste, garden and park waste, market waste, cemetery waste, sewer waste, sewage sludge. EWC: 2002, 200302, 200303, 200306, 190805

neighbouring region (NR) imported waste

collection and transport of waste (CT)

MSW from neighbouring region. EWC: 1501, 1601, 190805, 20

environment (ENV) resources CT collection and transport of waste (CT) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies CT collection and transport of

waste (CT) fuel for transport vehicles

process of origin output good process of destination good description


waste to treatment treatment of waste (TW) MSW. EWC: 1501, 1601, 190805, 20


untreated waste landfill (L) MSW. EWC: 1501, 1601, 190805, 20

collection and transport of waste (CT) emissions CT environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.1.1 Collection of mixed waste (CM)

Process definition This process covers the collection (pick-up system) of mixed waste from households, as well as from other sources (TIBS - trade, industry, business and service) which produce waste that, because of its nature or composition, is similar to mixed waste from households. Investigated is the transport to transfer stations and further to treatment plants or landfill sites. "Mixed municipal waste" means, according to the European directive on the incineration of waste [Directive 2000/76/EC, 2000], waste from households as well as commercial, industrial and institutional waste, which because of its nature and composition is similar to waste from households, but excluding fractions indicated in the Annex to Decision 94/3/EC(22) under heading 20 01 (see Table 3-1) that are collected separately at source (e.g. paper, glass, plastic, metal) and excluding the other wastes indicated under heading 20 02 of that Annex (e.g. park and garden waste). Mixed municipal waste is separated into “mixed waste PHH” and “mixed waste TIBS” according to its origins private household (PHH) and trade, industry, business, service (TIBS). The composition of these two goods is assumed to be roughly the same. Process boundary Investigated is the transport of mixed waste from the containers at source to treatment plants and landfill sites. Not investigated is the maintenance of containers and machines.


Goods The investigated goods are transported mixed waste, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “mixed waste PHH” and major output goods is “mixed waste” to the different treatment plants or landfill sites. Connections Major origin of goods is “private household” (PHH) and major destinations are “thermal treatment” (TT), “biological treatment” (BT), “mechanical chemical treatment” (MT) and “landfill” (L). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output good “mixed waste BT” is the link to workpackage 5 and the output good “mixed waste TT” is the link to workpackage 6.

Table 4-2: Level 2 - Process „Collection of mixed waste“ (CM)


private household (PHH) mixed waste PHH

collection of mixed waste (CM) EWC 200301

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS)

mixed waste TIBS

collection of mixed waste (CM) EWC 200301

environment (ENV) resources CM collection of mixed waste (CM) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies CM collection of mixed waste

(CM) fuel for transport vehicles


collection of mixed waste (CM)

mixed waste TT thermal treatment (TT) EWC 200301


mixed waste BT biological treatment (BT) EWC 200301


mixed waste MT

mechanical chemical treatment (MT) EWC 200301

collection of mixed waste (CM) mixed waste L landfill-detail (LD) EWC 200301

collection of mixed waste (CM) emissions CM environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.1.1.1 Collection of mixed waste - detail (CMD)

Process definition, process boundary and major goods are very similar to the superior process (see preceding chapter 4.1.1). The difference to the superior process is a more detailed level for the investigated output goods. Connections Major origin of goods is “private household” (PHH) and major destinations are the different biological, thermal and mechanical treatment plants and landfill for non hazardous waste. Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located within the task range of workpackage 4. Some output goods link to workpackage 5 and workpackage 6 (see chapter 5).


Table 4-3: Level 3 - Process „Collection of mixed waste - detail“ (CMD)


private household (PHH) mixed waste PHH collection of mixed waste - detail (CMD) EWC 200301

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) mixed waste TIBS collection of mixed waste -

detail (CMD) EWC 200301

environment (ENV) air CMD collection of mixed waste - detail (CMD) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies CMD collection of mixed waste -

detail (CMD) fuel for transport vehicles


collection of mixed waste - detail (CMD) mixed waste GI grate incineration plant (GI) EWC 200301

collection of mixed waste - detail (CMD) mixed waste FI fluidized bed incineration plant

(FI) EWC 200301

collection of mixed waste - detail (CMD) mixed waste OI other incineration plant (OI) EWC 200301

collection of mixed waste - detail (CMD) mixed waste MBT mechanical biological

treatment plant (MBT) EWC 200301

collection of mixed waste - detail (CMD) mixed waste OBT other biological treatment plant

(OBT) EWC 200301

collection of mixed waste - detail (CMD) mixed waste MWS mixed waste splitting (MWS) EWC 200301

collection of mixed waste - detail (CMD) mixed waste LN landfill for non hazardous

waste (LN) EWC 200301

collection of mixed waste - detail (CMD) offgas CMD environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.1.2 Separate waste collection – curbside (SC)

The main differences to the processes above (Chapter 4.1.1) are transported goods (secondary materials and bulky waste instead of mixed waste) and their destination (sorting and material recovery). Other differences are different transport vehicles, less frequent collection intervals and different waste density. Another reason for the separation of this process from the process above was to create the possibility for comparing mixed with separated waste collection. Process definition This process covers the separate collection and transport of homogeneous secondary material fractions and bulky waste from source to treatment plants and landfill sites, done by public services, non-profit organisations and private enterprises acting in the field of organised waste collection. Process boundary Investigated is the transport of separately collected and bulky waste from the containers at source (curbside) to treatment plants (i.e. pick-up system). Not investigated is the maintenance of containers and machinery (vehicles). Neither is covered by this process the separate waste collection in collecting points (i.e. drop-off system). Goods The investigated goods are transported curbside waste (secondary materials, bulky waste and small scale hazardous waste), supplies (fuel), resources (incineration air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “curbside waste PHH” and major output goods are “curbside waste S” and “curbside waste REC” with the destination to sorting and recycling plants.


Connections Major origin of goods is “private household” (PHH) and major destinations are “sorting” (S) and “recycling” (REC). Physical-chemical treatment of hazardous waste is integrated in the recycling process. Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output good “curbside waste BT” is the link to workpackage 5 and the output good “curbside waste TT” is the link to workpackage 6.

Table 4-4: Level 2 - Process „Separate waste collection – curbside” (SC)


private household (PHH) curbside waste PHH

separate waste collection - curbside (SC)

secondary materials , organic waste and bulky waste. EWC 1501, 200101-200111, 200137-200140, 200201, 200202, 200307


curbside waste TIBS



environment (ENV) resources SC separate waste collection - curbside (SC) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies SC separate waste collection -

curbside (SC) fuel for transport vehicles



curbside waste TT thermal treatment (TT)



curbside waste BT biological treatment (BT) organic waste. EWC 200108, 200201,

200202


curbside waste MT

mechanical chemical treatment (MT)

biodegradable kitchen and canteen waste (food waste) and biodegradable garden and park waste EWC 200108, 200201


curbside waste S sorting (S)

paper, plastics, metals, road waste. EWC 150101, 150102, 150104, 200101, 200139, 200140, 200303


curbside waste LD landfill-detail (LD) bulky waste. EWC 200137, 200138, 200307


curbside waste REC recycling (REC) secondary materials incl. wood. EWC 1501,

200101-200111, 200137-200140, 200307separate waste collection - curbside (SC) emissions SC environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.1.2.1 Separate collection of secondary materials (SCS)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see preceding chapter 4.1.2). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of secondary materials only and a more detailed level for the investigated goods. Process definition This process covers the collection and transport of secondary materials from source (curbside) to treatment plants and landfill sites, done by public services, non-profit organisations and private enterprises acting in the field of organised waste collection.


Process boundary Investigated is the transport of secondary materials from the curbside (pick-up system) to treatment plants and landfill sites. Not covered by this process is the collection of secondary materials in public waste collecting points or supermarkets (i.e. drop-off system). Goods The investigated goods are transported biowaste and secondary materials (paper, glass, metal, plastic, textiles, composite packaging, mixed secondary materials), supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Connections Major origin of goods is “private household” (PHH) and major destinations are sorting and recycling plants. Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output goods “organic waste CP-MBT”, “-OBT” and “-C” are links to workpackage 5 and the output goods “plastic CP-GI”, “-FI”, “-CI” and “–OI” are links to workpackage 6.

Table 4-5: Level 3 - Process „Separate collection of secondary materials” (SCS) process of origin input good process of destination good description

private household (PHH) biowaste PHH separate collection of secondary materials (SCS)


private household (PHH) paper PHH separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) paper and cardboard. EWC 150101, 200101

private household (PHH) glass PHH separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) glass. EWC 150107, 200102

private household (PHH) metal PHH separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) metal. EWC 150104, 200140

private household (PHH) plastic PHH separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

private household (PHH) textile PHH separate collection of secondary materials (SCS)

clothes and textiles. EWC 150109, 200110, 200111

private household (PHH) composite packaging PHH

separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) e.g. Tetra Pak . EWC 150105

private household (PHH) mixed secondary materials PHH

separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) mixed packaging waste. EWC 150106

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) biowaste TIBS separate collection of

secondary materials (SCS)


trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) paper TIBS separate collection of

secondary materials (SCS) paper and cardboard. EWC 150101, 200101

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) glass TIBS separate collection of

secondary materials (SCS) glass. EWC 150107, 200102

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) metal TIBS separate collection of

secondary materials (SCS) metal. EWC 150104, 200140

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) plastic TIBS separate collection of

secondary materials (SCS) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) textile TIBS separate collection of

secondary materials (SCS)clothes and textiles. EWC 150109, 200110, 200111


composite packaging TIBS

separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) e.g. Tetra Pak . EWC 150105


mixed secondary materials TIBS

separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) mixed packaging waste. EWC 150106

environment (ENV) air SCS separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies SCS separate collection of

secondary materials (SCS) fuel for transport vehicles

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Table 4-5 continued process of origin output good process of destination good descriptionseparate collection of secondary materials (SCS) plastic SC-GI grate incineration plant (GI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) plastic SC-FI fluidized bed incineration plant

(FI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) plastic SC-CI cement kiln incineration plant

(CI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) plastic SC-OI other incineration plant (OI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

separate collection of secondary materials (SCS)

organic waste SC-MBT

mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT)



organic waste SC-OBT

other biological treatment plant (OBT)


separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) organic waste SC-C composting plant (C)



organic waste SC-OWS organic waste splitting (OWS)


separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) paper SC-SPC sorting of paper and cardboard

(SPC) paper and cardboard. EWC 150101, 200101

separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) glass SC-SG sorting of glass (SG) glass. EWC 150107, 200102

separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) metal SC-SM sorting of metal (SM) metal. EWC 150104, 200140

separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) plastic SC-SP sorting of plastic (SP) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139


composite packaging SC-SCP

sorting of composite packaging (SCP) e.g. Tetra Pak . EWC 150105


mixed secondary materials SC-SMS

sorting of mixed secondary materials (SMS) mixed packaging waste. EWC 150106


secondary materials SC-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) paper, glass, metal, plastic, textile. EWC

1501, 200101-200111, 200139, 200140

separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) offgas SCS environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.1.2.2 Separate collection of bulky waste (SCB)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.1.2). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of bulky waste only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition This process covers the collection and transport of bulky waste from source (curbside) to treatment plants and landfill sites, done by public services, non-profit organisations and private enterprises acting in the field of organised waste collection. Process boundary Investigated is the transport of bulky waste from the curbside (pick-up system) to treatment plants and landfill sites. Not investigated is the collection and transport of construction and demolition waste from construction sites, because the collection of this kind of waste is a part of the business waste management. Neither is covered by this process the bulky waste collection in collecting points (i.e. drop-off system).


Goods The investigated goods are transported bulky waste (e.g. old furniture), supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Not investigated are construction and demolition waste and road waste. Connections Major origin of goods is „private household“ (PHH) and major destinations are recycling plants and landfill sites. Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output goods “wood -GI”, “-FI”, “-CI” and “-OI” are links to workpackage 6.

Table 4-6: Level 3 - Process „Separate collection of bulky waste” (SCB)


private household (PHH) bulky waste PHH separate collection of bulky waste (SCB)

furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137, 200138, 200307

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) bulky waste TIBS separate collection of bulky

waste (SCB)furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137, 200138, 200307

environment (ENV) air SCB separate collection of bulky waste (SCB) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies SCB separate collection of bulky

waste (SCB) fuel for transport vehicles


separate collection of bulky waste (SCB) bulky waste SC-GI grate incineration plant (GI) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,

200138, 200307separate collection of bulky waste (SCB) bulky waste SC-FI fluidized bed incineration plant

(FI)furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137, 200138, 200307

separate collection of bulky waste (SCB) bulky waste SC-CI cement kiln incineration plant

(CI)furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137, 200138, 200307

separate collection of bulky waste (SCB) bulky waste SC-OI other incineration plant (OI) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,

200138, 200307separate collection of bulky waste (SCB) bulky waste SC-SB sorting of bulky waste (SB) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,

200138, 200307separate collection of bulky waste (SCB) bulky waste SC-LN landfill for non hazardous

waste (LN)furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137, 200138, 200307

separate collection of bulky waste (SCB)

bulky waste SC-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,

200138, 200307separate collection of bulky waste (SCB) offgas SCB environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.1.2.3 Separate collection of other waste (SCO)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the process “Separate collection of secondary materials” (see chapter 4.1.2.1) and “Separate collection of bulky waste” (see chapter 4.1.2.2). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of bulky waste only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition This process covers the collection and transport of small scale hazardous waste from source (curbside) to treatment plants and landfill sites, done by public services, non-profit organisations and private enterprises acting in the field of organised waste collection.



Process boundary Investigated is the transport of small scale hazardous waste from the curbside (pick-up system) to treatment plants and landfill sites. Not investigated is the maintenance of containers and machinery (vehicles). Neither is covered by this process the collection of small scale hazardous waste in collecting points (i.e. drop-off system). Goods The investigated goods are small scale hazardous waste (batteries, medicines, fluorescent tubes, oil and fat, chemicals, WEEE, CFCE and end of life vehicles), supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). WEEE (Waste of electric and electronic equipment) covers equipment containing printed circuit boards and other consumer and household electronics. CFCE (chlorofluorocarbons-containing equipment) covers e.g. refrigerators and air conditioning equipment. Connections Major origin of goods is „private household“ (PHH). Destinations are incineration plants, landfills for hazardous waste and recycling plants (physical-chemical treatment of hazardous waste is integrated in the recycling process). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output good “hazardous waste -OI” is the link to workpackage 6.

Table 4-7: Level 3 - Process „Separate collection of other waste” (SCO)


private household (PHH) batteries SC-PHH separate collection of other waste (SCO) batteries. EWC 200133, 200134

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) batteries SC-TIBS separate collection of other

waste (SCO) batteries. EWC 200133, 200134

private household (PHH) medicines SC-PHH separate collection of other waste (SCO) medicines. EWC 200131, 200132

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) medicines SC-TIBS separate collection of other

waste (SCO) medicines. EWC 200131, 200132

private household (PHH) fluorescent tubes SC-PHH

separate collection of other waste (SCO) fluorescent tubes. EWC 200121


fluorescent tubes SC-TIBS

separate collection of other waste (SCO) fluorescent tubes. EWC 200121

private household (PHH) oil and fat SC-PHH separate collection of other waste (SCO) oil and fat. EWC 200125, 200126

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) oil and fat SC-TIBS separate collection of other

waste (SCO) oil and fat. EWC 200125, 200126

private household (PHH) chemicals SC-PHH separate collection of other waste (SCO)

e.g. solvents, acids, photochemicals, pesticides, paints, detergents. EWC 200113-200119, 200127-2001230

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) chemicals SC-TIBS separate collection of other

waste (SCO)


private household (PHH) WEEE SC-PHH separate collection of other waste (SCO)

waste of electric and electronic equipment. EWC 200135, 200136

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) WEEE SC-TIBS separate collection of other

waste (SCO)waste of electric and electronic equipment. EWC 200135, 200136

private household (PHH) CFCE SC-PHH separate collection of other waste (SCO)

chlorofluorocarbons-containing equipment. EWC 200123

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) CFCE SC-TIBS separate collection of other

waste (SCO)chlorofluorocarbons-containing equipment. EWC 200123

private household (PHH) end of life vehicles SC-PHH

separate collection of other waste (SCO) EWC 1601


end of life vehicles SC-TIBS

separate collection of other waste (SCO) EWC 1601

environment (ENV) air SCO separate collection of other waste (SCO) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies SCO separate collection of other

waste (SCO) fuel for transport vehicles


separate collection of other waste (SCO)

hazardous waste SC-OI other incineration plant (OI)

batteries, chemicals, fluorescent tubes, medicines, oil and fat, WEEE, CFCE, end of life vehicles. EWC 1601, 200113-200136


hazardous waste SC-LH

landfill for hazardous waste (LH)



hazardous waste SC-RECD recycling - detail (RECD)


separate collection of other waste (SCO) offgas SCO environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.1.3 Separate waste collection - collecting point (CP)

In contrast to the preceding processes (Chapters 4.1.1 and 4.1.2), with waste collection by means of a pick-up system, this process covers the drop-off system. Process definition This process covers the transport of separately collected waste from public waste collecting points to treatment plants and landfill sites. The transported good is separate waste that is



selectively delivered in homogeneous fractions by private persons or small business enterprises to public waste collecting points. Process boundary The storage of separately collected waste at the collecting point and the transport of separately collected waste to treatment plants and landfill sites are investigated. The maintenance of containers and machinery (vehicles) is not investigated. Neither is covered by this process the private transport of separate waste from households or other sources to collecting points. Because the storage lasts less than one year there won’t be investigated any stock or stock variation in this process. Goods The investigated goods are stored and transported delivered waste (secondary materials, bulky waste and small scale hazardous waste), supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “delivered waste PHH” and major output goods are “collected delivered waste S” and “collected delivered waste REC” with the destination to sorting and recycling plants. Connections Major origin of goods is „private household“ (PHH) and major destinations are “sorting” (S) and “recycling” (REC). Physical-chemical treatment of hazardous waste is integrated in the recycling process. Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output good “collected delivered waste BT” is the link to workpackage 5 and the output good “collected delivered waste TT” is the link to workpackage 6.

Table 4-8: Level 2 - Process „Separate waste collection – collecting point” (CP)


private household (PHH) delivered waste PHH

separate waste collection - collecting point (CP)

secondary materials, hazardous waste, organic waste and bulky waste. EWC 1501, 200101-200140, 200201, 200202, 200307


delivered waste TIBS


secondary materials, hazardous waste, organic waste and bulky waste. EWC 1501, 200101-200140, 200201, 200202, 200307

environment (ENV) resources CP separate waste collection - collecting point (CP) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies CP separate waste collection -

collecting point (CP) fuel for transport vehicles



collected delivered waste TT

thermal treatment (TT)plastics, hazardous waste and bulky waste (wood). EWC 150102, 150103, 200113-200139, 200307


collected delivered waste BT

biological treatment (BT) organic waste. EWC 200108, 200201, 200202


collected delivered waste MT




collected delivered waste S

sorting (S) paper, plastics and metals. EWC 150101, 150102, 150104, 200101, 200139, 200140


collected delivered waste LD

landfill-detail (LD) bulky and hazardous waste. EWC 150103, 200113-200136, 200137, 200138, 200307


collected delivered waste REC

recycling (REC)secondary materials, hazardous waste and bulky waste (wood). EWC 1501, 200101-200140

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4.1.3.1 Collecting point for secondary materials (CPS)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.1.3). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of secondary materials only and a more detailed level for the investigated goods. Process definition This process covers the transport of secondary materials from public waste collecting points to treatment plants. The transported goods are secondary materials that are selectively delivered in homogeneous fractions by private persons or small business enterprises to public waste collecting points. Process boundary The storage of secondary materials at the collecting point and the transport of secondary materials to treatment plants is investigated. The maintenance of containers and machinery (vehicles) is not investigated. Neither is covered by this process the private transport of secondary materials from households or other sources to collecting points. The transport of secondary materials that have been delivered back to the dealer (e.g. deposit glass collection in supermarkets) is investigated separate in the following process.


Goods The investigated goods are stored and transported organic waste and secondary materials (paper, glass, metal, plastic, textiles, composite packaging, mixed secondary materials), supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Connections Major origin of goods is „private household“ (PHH) and major destinations are sorting and recycling plants. Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output goods “organic waste CP-MBT”, “-OBT” and “-C” are links to workpackage 5 and the output goods “plastic CP-GI”, “-FI”, “-CI” and “–OI” are links to workpackage 6.

Table 4-9: Level 3 - Process „Collecting point for secondary materials” (CPS) process of origin input good process of destination good description

private household (PHH) delivered biowaste PHH

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS)


private household (PHH) delivered paper PHH collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) paper and cardboard. EWC 150101, 200101

private household (PHH) delivered glass PHH collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) glass. EWC 150107, 200102

private household (PHH) delivered metal PHH collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) metal. EWC 150104, 200140

private household (PHH) delivered plastic PHH

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

private household (PHH) delivered textile PHH collecting point for secondary materials (CPS)


private household (PHH) delivered composite packaging PHH

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) e.g. Tetra Pak . EWC 150105

private household (PHH)delivered mixed secondary materials PHH

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) mixed packaging waste. EWC 150106


delivered biowaste TIBS



trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) delivered paper TIBS collecting point for secondary

materials (CPS) paper and cardboard. EWC 150101, 200101

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) delivered glass TIBS collecting point for secondary

materials (CPS) glass. EWC 150107, 200102

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) delivered metal TIBS collecting point for secondary

materials (CPS) metal. EWC 150104, 200140


delivered plastic TIBS

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139


delivered textile TIBS




delivered composite packaging TIBS

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) e.g. Tetra Pak . EWC 150105


delivered mixed secondary materials TIBS

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) mixed packaging waste. EWC 150106

environment (ENV) air CPS collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies CPS collecting point for secondary

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Table 4-9 continued process of origin output good process of destination good descriptioncollecting point for secondary materials (CPS) plastic CP-GI grate incineration plant (GI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) plastic CP-FI fluidized bed incineration plant

(FI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) plastic CP-CI cement kiln incineration plant

(CI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) plastic CP-OI other incineration plant (OI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139


organic waste CP-MBT




organic waste CP-OBT



collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) organic waste CP-C composting plant (C)



organic waste CP-OWS organic waste splitting (OWS)


collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) paper CP-SPC sorting of paper and cardboard


collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) glass CP-SG sorting of glass (SG) glass. EWC 150107, 200102

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) metal CP-SM sorting of metal (SM) metal. EWC 150104, 200140

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) plastic CP-SP sorting of plastic (SP) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139


composite packaging CP-SCP



mixed secondary materials CP-SMS



secondary materials CP-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) paper, glass, metal, plastic, textile. EWC

1501, 200101-200111, 200139, 200140

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) offgas CPS environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.1.3.2 Collecting point TIBS (CPT)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.1.3). The difference to the preceding process (see chapter 4.1.3.1) lies in the location of the collecting point being not only a waste collecting point but mainly a merchant place like a supermarket, that takes back deposit goods, small scale hazardous waste and some packages. Process definition This process deals with transports of secondary materials from private waste collecting points (e.g. supermarkets) to recycling processes (e.g. cleaning of deposit goods) or other treatment processes. The transported goods are secondary materials and small scale hazardous waste that are selectively delivered by private persons or small enterprises back to the dealer. Process boundary Collecting points at supermarkets, electric equipment stores and similar merchant places but not scrap yards or second hand stores are investigated. The process covers the storage of secondary materials at this collecting points and the transport of secondary materials to recycling and treatment plants. Not investigated is the maintenance of containers and



machinery (vehicles) and the private transport of secondary materials from households or other sources to collecting points. Goods The investigated goods are secondary materials (deposit glass, deposit plastic, waste plastic), small scale hazardous waste (batteries, medicines and fluorescent tubes), supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Connections Major origin of goods is „private household“ (PHH) and major destination is “recycling - detail” (REC). Physical-chemical treatment of hazardous waste is integrated in the recycling process. Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output goods “plastic CPT-GI”, “-GI”, “-CI” and “–OI” are links to workpackage 6.

Table 4-10: Level 3 - Process „Collecting point TIBS” (CPT)


private household (PHH) delivered deposit glass PHH collecting point TIBS (CPT) deposit glass. EWC 150107, 200102


delivered deposit glass TIBS collecting point TIBS (CPT) deposit glass. EWC 150107, 200102

private household (PHH) delivered deposit plastic PHH collecting point TIBS (CPT) deposit plastic. EWC 150102, 200139


delivered deposit plastic TIBS collecting point TIBS (CPT) deposit plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

private household (PHH) delivered waste plastic PHH collecting point TIBS (CPT) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139


delivered waste plastic TIBS collecting point TIBS (CPT) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

private household (PHH) delivered batteries PHH collecting point TIBS (CPT) batteries. EWC 200133, 200134


delivered batteries TIBS collecting point TIBS (CPT) batteries. EWC 200133, 200134

private household (PHH) delivered medicines PHH collecting point TIBS (CPT) medicines. EWC 200131, 200132


delivered medicines TIBS collecting point TIBS (CPT) medicines. EWC 200131, 200132

private household (PHH)delivered fluorescent tubes PHH

collecting point TIBS (CPT) fluorescent tubes. EWC 200121


delivered fluorescent tubes TIBS

collecting point TIBS (CPT) fluorescent tubes. EWC 200121

environment (ENV) air CPT collecting point TIBS (CPT) combustion air for transport vehiclestrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies CPT collecting point TIBS (CPT) fuel for transport vehicles


collecting point TIBS (CPT) deposit glass RECD recycling - detail (RECD) deposit glass. EWC 150107, 200102

collecting point TIBS (CPT) plastic CPT-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) deposit plastic and plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

collecting point TIBS (CPT) plastic CPT-GI grate incineration plant (GI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

collecting point TIBS (CPT) plastic CPT-FI fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

collecting point TIBS (CPT) plastic CPT-CI cement kiln incineration plant (CI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

collecting point TIBS (CPT) plastic CPT-OI other incineration plant (OI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139collecting point TIBS (CPT) batteries RECD recycling - detail (RECD) batteries. EWC 200133, 200134collecting point TIBS (CPT) medicines RECD recycling - detail (RECD) medicines. EWC 200131, 200132

collecting point TIBS (CPT) fluorescent tubes RECD recycling - detail (RECD) fluorescent tubes. EWC 200121

collecting point TIBS (CPT) offgas CPT environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.1.3.3 Collecting point for bulky waste (CPB)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the process “Collecting point for secondary materials” (see chapter 4.1.3.1). The main difference is the investigation of bulky waste instead of secondary materials. Process definition This process covers the transport of bulky waste from public waste collecting points to treatment plants and landfill sites. The transported good is selectively delivered by private persons or small business enterprises to public waste collecting points.


Process boundary The storage of bulky waste at the collecting point and the transport of bulky waste to treatment plants and landfill sites is investigated. Not investigated is the maintenance of containers and machinery (vehicles). Neither is covered by this process the private transport of bulky waste from households or other sources to collecting points. Goods The investigated goods are bulky waste (wood and other bulky waste e.g. furniture), supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Bulky electric waste (e.g. TV-sets or refrigerators) is regarded as small scale hazardous waste and therefore treated in the following process. Compared to “Separate collection of bulky waste” (SCB), wood is seen as being separated at the collecting point. Therefore the output goods are named “wood-GI”, FI”, “-CI” and “-OI”. Connections Major origin of goods is „private household“ (PHH) and major destinations are thermal treatment plants and landfill sites. Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output goods “wood -GI”, “-FI”, “-CI” and “-OI” are links to workpackage 6.

Table 4-11: Level 3 - Process „Collecting point for bulky waste” (CPB)


private household (PHH) delivered bulky waste PHH

collecting point for bulky waste (CPB)



delivered bulky waste TIBS



environment (ENV) air CPB collecting point for bulky waste (CPB) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies CPB collecting point for bulky waste

(CPB) fuel for transport vehicles


collecting point for bulky waste (CPB) wood GI grate incineration plant (GI) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,

200138, 200307collecting point for bulky waste (CPB) wood FI fluidized bed incineration plant


collecting point for bulky waste (CPB) wood CI cement kiln incineration plant


collecting point for bulky waste (CPB) wood OI other incineration plant (OI) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,

200138, 200307collecting point for bulky waste (CPB) bulky waste CP-SB sorting of bulky waste (SB) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,

200138, 200307collecting point for bulky waste (CPB) bulky waste CP-LN landfill for non hazardous



bulky waste CP-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,

200138, 200307collecting point for bulky waste (CPB) offgas CPB environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.1.3.4 Collecting point for other waste (CPO)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the processes “Collecting point for secondary materials” (see chapter 4.1.3.1) and “Collecting point for bulky waste” (see



chapter 4.1.3.3) with the major difference of the investigated goods: Small scale hazardous waste. Process definition This process covers the transport of small scale hazardous waste from public waste collecting points to treatment plants and landfill sites. The transported goods are selectively delivered by private persons or small business enterprises to public waste collecting points. Process boundary The storage of small scale hazardous waste at the collecting point and the transport of small scale hazardous waste to treatment plants and landfill sites is investigated. Not investigated is the maintenance of containers and machinery (vehicles). Neither is covered by this process the private transport of small scale hazardous waste from households or other sources to collecting points nor the separate waste collection of small scale hazardous waste. Goods The investigated goods are small scale hazardous waste (batteries, medicines, fluorescent tubes, oil and fat, chemicals, WEEE, CFCE and end of life vehicles), supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). WEEE (Waste of electric and electronic equipment) covers equipment containing printed circuit boards and other consumer and household electronics. CFCE (chlorofluorocarbons-containing equipment) covers e.g. refrigerators and air conditioning equipment. Connections Major origin of goods is „private household“ (PHH). Destinations are incineration plants, landfills for hazardous waste and recycling plants (physical-chemical treatment of hazardous waste is integrated in the recycling process). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process id located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output good “hazardous waste -OI” is the link to workpackage 6.

Table 4-12: Level 3 - Process „Collecting point for other waste” (CPO)


private household (PHH) batteries CP-PHH collecting point for other waste (CPO) batteries. EWC 200133, 200134

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) batteries CP-TIBS collecting point for other waste

(CPO) batteries. EWC 200133, 200134

private household (PHH) medicines CP-PHH collecting point for other waste (CPO) medicines. EWC 200131, 200132

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) medicines CP-TIBS collecting point for other waste

(CPO) medicines. EWC 200131, 200132

private household (PHH) fluorescent tubes CP-PHH

collecting point for other waste (CPO) fluorescent tubes. EWC 200121


fluorescent tubes CP-TIBS

collecting point for other waste (CPO) fluorescent tubes. EWC 200121

private household (PHH) oil and fat CP-PHH collecting point for other waste (CPO) oil and fat. EWC 200125, 200126

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) oil and fat CP-TIBS collecting point for other waste

(CPO) oil and fat. EWC 200125, 200126

private household (PHH) chemicals CP-PHH collecting point for other waste (CPO)


trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) chemicals CP-TIBS collecting point for other waste

(CPO)


private household (PHH) WEEE CP-PHH collecting point for other waste (CPO)

waste of electric and electronic equipment. EWC 200135, 200136

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) WEEE CP-TIBS collecting point for other waste

(CPO)waste of electric and electronic equipment. EWC 200135, 200136

private household (PHH) CFCE CP-PHH collecting point for other waste (CPO)

chlorofluorocarbons-containing equipment. EWC 200123

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) CFCE CP-TIBS collecting point for other waste

(CPO)chlorofluorocarbons-containing equipment. EWC 200123

private household (PHH) end of life vehicles CP-PHH

collecting point for other waste (CPO) EWC 1601


end of life vehicles CP-TIBS

collecting point for other waste (CPO) EWC 1601

environment (ENV) air CPO collecting point for other waste (CPO) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies CPO collecting point for other waste

(CPO) fuel for transport vehicles


collecting point for other waste (CPO)

hazardous waste CP-OI other incineration plant (OI)



hazardous waste CP-LH




hazardous waste CP-RECD recycling - detail (RECD)


collecting point for other waste (CPO) offgas CPO environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.1.4 Collection of other waste (CO)

This process deals with special waste collections which are not covered by the preceding processes (chapters 4.1.1 - 4.1.3), because of their different management, transport vehicles and waste characteristics.


Process definition This process covers road cleaning, collection of other organic waste (garden, park, market and cemetery waste) and transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste from source to treatment plants and landfill sites. These activities are mainly done by public services. Process boundary Investigated is the transport from source to treatment plants (i.e. pick-up system) and landfill sites. Not investigated is the maintenance of containers and machines (vehicles). Goods The investigated goods are road waste, organic waste, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “other waste CO” and major output goods is other waste with the destination to treatment plants and landfill sites. Connections Major origin of goods is the external process „other waste relevant processes“ (OWP) that covers roads, markets, parks, cemeteries and sewage treatment plants. Major destinations are landfill sites and treatment plants, especially biological treatment plants. One destination is “sorting” (S) to deal with the sorting of road waste to recover grit used against the danger of icy roads. Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output good “other waste BT” is the links to workpackage 5 and the output good “other waste TT” is the link to workpackage 6.

Table 4-13: Level 2 - Process „Collection of other waste” (CO)


other waste relevant processes (OWP)

other waste CO

collection of other waste (CO)

road waste, garden waste, market waste, cemetery waste, sewer waste and sewage sludge. EWC 2002, 200302, 200303, 200306, 190805

environment (ENV) resources CO collection of other waste (CO) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies CO collection of other waste

(CO) fuel for transport vehicles


collection of other waste (CO) other waste TT thermal treatment (TT) road waste and sewer waste. EWC 200303,

200306

collection of other waste (CO) other waste BT biological treatment (BT)



other waste MT

mechanical chemical treatment (MT) road waste. EWC 200303

collection of other waste (CO) other waste S sorting (S) road waste to recover grit. EWC 200303

collection of other waste (CO) other waste LD landfill-detail (LD)

road waste, garden waste, market waste, cemetery waste and sewer waste. EWC 2002, 200302, 200303, 200306

collection of other waste (CO) emissions CO environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.1.4.1 Cleaning of the road (COR)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.1.4). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of road waste only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition This process includes road cleaning by sweeping-lorries, manual collection of road waste, emptying of public litter bins and the transport of the collected wastes to treatment plants and landfill sites. Process boundary Investigated is the transport from source to treatment plants (i.e. pick-up system) and landfill sites. Not investigated is the maintenance of containers and machinery (vehicles). Goods The investigated goods are manually and automatically collected road waste, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Connections Major origin of goods is the external process „other waste relevant processes“ (OWP). Major destinations are landfill sites and treatment plants, especially biological treatment plants. One destination is „sorting“ (S) to deal with the sorting of road waste to recover grit used against the danger of icy roads. Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output goods “road waste-MBT and -OBT” are links to workpackage 5 and the output goods “road waste-GI, -FI, -CI and -OI” are links to workpackage 6.

Table 4-14: Level 3 - Process „ Cleaning of the Road” (COR)


other wasterelevant processes (OWP)

manually collected road waste cleaning of the road (COR) road waste and content of public litter bins.

EWC 200303


road waste collected by sweepers cleaning of the road (COR) road waste collected by road-sweeping

lorries. EWC 200303

environment (ENV) air COR cleaning of the road (COR) combustion air for transport vehiclestrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies COR cleaning of the road (COR) fuel for transport vehicles


cleaning of the road (COR) road waste GI grate incineration plant (GI) road waste and content of public litter bins. EWC 200303

cleaning of the road (COR) road waste FI fluidized bed incineration plant (FI)

road waste and content of public litter bins. EWC 200303

cleaning of the road (COR) road waste OI other incineration plant (OI) road waste and content of public litter bins. EWC 200303

cleaning of the road (COR) road waste MBT mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT)


cleaning of the road (COR) road waste OBT other biological treatment plant (OBT)


cleaning of the road (COR) road waste MWS mixed waste splitting (MWS) road waste and content of public litter bins. EWC 200303

cleaning of the road (COR) road waste SR sorting of road waste (SR) road waste, mainly grit. EWC 200303

cleaning of the road (COR) road waste LN landfill for non hazardous waste (LN)


cleaning of the road (COR) offgas COR environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.1.4.2 Collection of other organic waste (COO)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.1.4). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of organic waste only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition This process covers the collection of organic waste from public places like markets, cemeteries, parks and public gardens. Process boundary Investigated is the transport of the collected organic wastes from source to biological treatment plants (i.e. pick-up system) and landfill sites. Not investigated is the maintenance of containers and machinery (vehicles). Goods The investigated goods are organic waste (garden and park waste, market waste, cemetery waste), supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Connections Major origin of goods is the external process „other waste relevant processes“ (OWP). Major destinations are landfills for municipal solid waste and biological treatment plants. Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output goods “organic waste CO-MBT, -OBT and -C” are links to workpackage 5.


Table 4-15: Level 3 - Process „Collection of other organic waste” (COO)



garden and park waste

collection of other organic waste (COO)

biodegradable waste from garden and parks. EWC 200201, 200202

other wasterelevant processes (OWP) market waste collection of other organic

waste (COO)biodegradable waste from markets. EWC 200302

other wasterelevant processes (OWP) cemetery waste collection of other organic

waste (COO)primarily biodegradable waste from cemeteries. EWC 2002

environment (ENV) air COO collection of other organic waste (COO) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies COO collection of other organic

waste (COO) fuel for transport vehicles



organic waste CO-MBT

mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT) biodegradable waste. EWC 2002, 200302


organic waste CO-OBT

other biological treatment plant (OBT) biodegradable waste. EWC 2002, 200302

collection of other organic waste (COO) organic waste CO-C composting plant (C) biodegradable waste. EWC 2002, 200302


organic waste CO-OWS organic waste splitting (OWS) biodegradable waste. EWC 2002, 200302


organic waste CO-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) biodegradable waste. EWC 2002, 200302

collection of other organic waste (COO) soil and stones landfill for inert waste (LI) soil and stones from garden and cemetery.

EWC 200202collection of other organic waste (COO) offgas COO environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.1.4.3 Transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS)

This process deals with the collection of solid residues from sewage management. The AWAST project partners have agreed to investigate only sewage sludge which is treated in biological treatment plants. For a future extension of the simulation software, it is important to take into account the total amount of sewage sludge. Process definition The process covers cleaning of the sewer, collection and transport of sewer waste to treatment plants and landfill sites and transport of sewage sludge to biological treatment plants. Process boundary Investigated is the transport from source to treatment plants (i.e. pick-up system) and landfill sites. Not investigated is the maintenance of containers and machinery (vehicles) and also not investigated is the pre-treatment (drying) of sewage sludge and the transport of sewage sludge to other than biological treatment plants or to landfill sites. Goods The investigated goods are sewer waste, sewage sludge, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Connections Major origin of goods is the external process „other waste relevant processes“ (OWP). Major destinations are landfill sites and treatment plants, especially biological treatment plants.


Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output goods “sewer waste-MBT” and “-OBT” and “sewage sludge-MBT”, “-OBT” and “-C” are links to workpackage 5 and the output goods “sewer waste-GI”, “-FI”, “-CI” and “-OI” are links to workpackage 6. In the three case studies, no biological treatment plant appears that processes sewage sludge. Therefore, sewage sludge is generally not investigated in the case studies.

Table 4-16: Level 3 - Process „Transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste” (TSS)


other wasterelevant processes (OWP) sewage sludge transport of sewage sludge

and sewer waste (TSS)dried sewage sludge from treatment of urban waste water. EWC 190805

other wasterelevant processes (OWP) sewer waste transport of sewage sludge

and sewer waste (TSS) sewer sediments. EWC 200306

environment (ENV) air TSS transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TSS transport of sewage sludge

and sewer waste (TSS) fuel for transport vehicles


transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewer waste GI grate incineration plant (GI) sewer sediments. EWC 200306

transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewer waste FI fluidized bed incineration plant

(FI) sewer sediments. EWC 200306

transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewer waste CI cement kiln incineration plant

(CI) sewer sediments. EWC 200306

transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewer waste OI other incineration plant (OI) sewer sediments. EWC 200306

transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewage sludge MBT mechanical biological

treatment plant (MBT)dried sewage sludge from treatment of urban waste water. EWC 190805

transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewer waste MBT mechanical biological

treatment plant (MBT) sewer sediments. EWC 200306

transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewage sludge OBT other biological treatment plant

(OBT)dried sewage sludge from treatment of urban waste water. EWC 190805

transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewer waste OBT other biological treatment plant

(OBT) sewer sediments. EWC 200306

transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewage sludge C composting plant (C) dried sewage sludge from treatment of

urban waste water. EWC 190805transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewer waste LN landfill for non hazardous

waste (LN) sewer sediments. EWC 200306

transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) offgas TSS environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.1.5 Transport of imported waste (TI)

This process deals waste transports from other regions to treatment plants inside the city. These waste imports are of no economical burden for the municipalities, but they are important for mass balance of the process, energetic assessment and environmental assessment. Process definition This process covers transports of municipal waste from regions outside the city to treatment plants in the city. Process boundary Investigated is the transport to treatment plants and landfill sites. Not investigated is the maintenance of containers and machinery (vehicles).


Goods The investigated goods are imported waste, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “imported waste”. Connections Major origin of goods is the external process „neighbouring region“ (NR). Major destinations are landfill sites and treatment plants. Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output good “imported waste BT” is the link to workpackage 5 and the output good “imported waste TT” is the link to workpackage 6.

Table 4-17: Level 2 - Process „Transport of imported waste” (TI)


neighbouring region (NR) imported waste

transport of imported waste (TI)

MSW. EWC 200301, 1501, 200101-200140, 2002, 200303 200307

environment (ENV) resources TI transport of imported waste (TI) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TI transport of imported

waste (TI) fuel for transport vehicles



imported waste TT thermal treatment (TT)

mixed waste, plastic, bulky waste (wood) and hazardous waste. EWC 200301, 150102, 200113-200139, 200307


imported waste BT biological treatment (BT) mixed waste, organic waste. EWC 200301,

200108, 2002transport of imported waste (TI)

imported waste MT


mixed waste and road waste. EWC 200301, 200303


imported waste S sorting (S) paper, plastics and metals. EWC 150101,

150102, 150104, 200101, 200139, 200140


imported waste LD landfill-detail (LD)

mixed waste, hazardous waste and bulky waste. EWC 200301, 200113-200138, 200307


imported waste REC recycling (REC)

secondary materials, hazardous waste and bulky waste (wood). EWC 1501, 200101-200140

transport of imported waste (TI) emissions TI environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.1.5.1 Transport of imported waste - detail (TID)

Process definition, process boundary and major goods are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.1.5). The difference to the superior process is a more detailed level in the investigated output goods. Goods The investigated goods are imported waste (mixed waste, secondary materials, bulky waste, hazardous waste), supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Connections Major origin of goods is the external process „neighbouring region“ (NR). Major destinations are landfill sites and treatment plants.


Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. Some output goods link to workpackage 5 and workpackage 6 (see chapter 5).

Table 4-18: Level 3 - Process „Transport of imported waste - detail” (TID)


neighbouring region (NR) imported mixed waste

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) EWC 200301

neighbouring region (NR) imported organic waste

transport of imported waste - detail (TID)

biodegradable waste. EWC 200108, 2002, 200302

neighbouring region (NR) imported paper transport of imported waste - detail (TID)

paper and cardboard. EWC 150101, 200101

neighbouring region (NR) imported glass transport of imported waste - detail (TID) glass. EWC 150107, 200102

neighbouring region (NR) imported metal transport of imported waste - detail (TID) metal. EWC 150104, 200140

neighbouring region (NR) imported plastic transport of imported waste - detail (TID) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

neighbouring region (NR) imported textile transport of imported waste - detail (TID)


neighbouring region (NR) imported composite packaging

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) e.g. Tetra Pak . EWC 150105

neighbouring region (NR) imported mixed secondary materials

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) mixed packaging waste. EWC 150106

neighbouring region (NR) imported bulky waste



neighbouring region (NR) imported hazardous waste



environment (ENV) air TID transport of imported waste - detail (TID) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TID transport of imported waste -

detail (TID) fuel for transport vehicles

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Table 4-18 continued process of origin output good process of destination good descriptiontransport of imported waste - detail (TID)

imported mixed waste GI grate incineration plant (GI) EWC 200301


imported mixed waste FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) EWC 200301


imported mixed waste OI other incineration plant (OI) EWC 200301


imported mixed waste MBT

mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT) EWC 200301


imported mixed waste OBT

other biological treatment plant (OBT) EWC 200301


imported mixed waste MWS mixed waste splitting (MWS) EWC 200301


imported mixed waste LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) EWC 200301

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported plastic GI grate incineration plant (GI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported plastic FI fluidized bed incineration plant

(FI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported plastic CI cement kiln incineration plant

(CI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported plastic OI other incineration plant (OI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139


imported organic waste MBT




imported organic waste OBT




imported organic waste C composting plant (C) biodegradable waste. EWC 200108, 2002,

200302transport of imported waste - detail (TID)

imported organic waste OWS organic waste splitting (OWS) biodegradable waste. EWC 200108, 2002,

200302transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported paper SPC sorting of paper and cardboard


transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported glass SG sorting of glass (SG) glass. EWC 150107, 200102

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported metal SM sorting of metal (SM) metal. EWC 150104, 200140

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported plastic SP sorting of plastic (SP) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139


imported composite packaging SCP



imported mixed secondary materials SMS



imported secondary materials RECD recycling - detail (RECD) paper, glass, metal, plastic, textile

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported wood GI grate incineration plant (GI) wood. EWC 150103, 200137, 200138,

200307transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported wood FI fluidized bed incineration plant

(FI)wood. EWC 150103, 200137, 200138, 200307

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported wood CI cement kiln incineration plant

(CI)wood. EWC 150103, 200137, 200138, 200307

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported wood OI other incineration plant (OI) wood. EWC 150103, 200137, 200138,

200307transport of imported waste - detail (TID)

imported bulky waste SB sorting of bulky waste (SB) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,

200138, 200307transport of imported waste - detail (TID)

imported bulky waste LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN)



imported bulky waste RECD recycling - detail (RECD) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,

200138, 200307


imported hazardous waste OI other incineration plant (OI)



imported hazardous waste LH




imported hazardous waste RECD recycling - detail (RECD)


transport of imported waste - detail (TID) offgas TID environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.2 Treatment of waste (TW)

This section deals with all kinds of waste treatment. Beginning with sorting and splitting, then mechanical chemical treatment - including also follow up treatment of pre-treated waste and residues (e.g. ash treatment) - biological and thermal treatment and finally recycling. Process definition The process covers all kinds of plants, where waste and residues originating from the investigated city are treated. Process boundary The process boundary correspond to the boundaries of all investigated treatment plants: sorting, splitting, mechanical treatment, chemical treatment, biological treatment, thermal treatment and recycling. The investigation starts from the waste and residues delivery point at the treatment plants and ends at the treatment products collection points at the treatment plants. Investigated are the transformation of wastes and residues, the consumption of supplies and the treatment of emissions (flue gas, sewage). Not investigated are landfill sites (see chapter 4.4) and transport processes between treatment plants (see chapter 4.3). Neither are investigated the production and maintenance of containers, machinery, kilns and buildings, because their environmental effect is estimated to be not relevant regarding the scope of the project. The economical effect of production and maintenance can be considered through factors for treated waste. These boundaries are also valid for the following subsections (chapters 4.2.1 - 4.2.5). Goods The investigated goods are treated waste, supplies (chemicals), resources (combustion air, water) and emissions (flue gas, sewage). Major input good is “waste to treatment” and major output good is “treated waste”. Connections Major origin of goods is „collection and transport of waste“ (CT) and major destination is „transport of treated waste“ (T). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of all channel dedicated workpackages (WP4, WP5 and WP6).

Table 4-19: Level 1 - Process „Treatment of waste” (TW)



waste to treatment treatment of waste (TW) collected and imported MSW. EWC: 1501,

1601, 190805, 20transport of treated waste (T)

pretreated waste treatment of waste (TW) pretreated MSW

environment (ENV) resources TW treatment of waste (TW) combustion air for transport vehiclestrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TW treatment of waste (TW) fuel for transport vehicles


treatment of waste (TW) treated waste transport of treated waste (T)

treated MSW and other products (e.g. sorted secondary materials)

treatment of waste (TW) emissions TW environment (ENV) gaseous and liquid emissions

inpu

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4.2.1 Sorting (S)

Process definition This process covers manual and automatic sorting of paper, plastic, metal, glass, composite packaging, mixed secondary materials, bulky waste and road waste from separate collection, collecting sites and imports. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of all investigated sorting plants. Not investigated are the production and maintenance of containers, machines and buildings. Goods The investigated goods are delivered wastes, operating supplies, resources (air), sorted secondary materials, residues and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “curbside waste S” and major output good is “sorted secondary materials”. Connections Major origin of goods is “separate waste collection - curbside” (SC) and major destination is “transport of sorted waste” (TS). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. There are no direct links (input and output goods) to other channel-dedicated workpackages.

Table 4-20: Level 2 - Process „Sorting” (S)



curbside waste S sorting (S)

paper, plastics, metals, road waste. EWC 150101, 150102, 150104, 200101, 200139, 200140, 200303


collected delivered waste S

sorting (S) paper, plastics and metals. EWC 150101, 150102, 150104, 200101, 200139, 200140

collection of other waste (CO) other waste S sorting (S) road waste to recover grit. EWC 200303


imported waste S sorting (S) paper, plastics and metals. EWC 150101,

150102, 150104, 200101, 200139, 200140environment (ENV) resources S sorting (S) combustion airtrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies S sorting (S) operating supply, fuel


sorting (S) residues S transport of sorted waste (TS) sorting residues

sorting (S)sorted secondary materials

transport of sorted waste (TS)

paper, cardboard, plastic-fractions, metal-fractions, grit

sorting (S) emissions S environment (ENV) exhaust

inpu

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4.2.1.1 Sorting of paper and cardboard (SPC)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of paper and cardboard only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition This process covers manual and automatic sorting of paper and cardboard from separate collection, collecting sites and imports. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of all investigated sorting plants. Not investigated are the production and maintenance of containers, machines and buildings. Goods The investigated goods are delivered waste paper, sorted paper, sorting residues, supplies (fuel), resources (air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “paper SC-SPC” (waste paper from separate collection – curbside) and major output good is “sorted paper”. Connections Major origins of goods are “separate waste collection of secondary materials” (SCS) and “collecting point for secondary materials” (CPS). Major destination is “transport of paper and cardboard sorting products” (TPCS). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. There are no direct links (input and output goods) to other channel dedicated workpackages.

Table 4-21: Level 3 - Process „Sorting of paper and cardboard” (SPC)


separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) paper SC-SPC sorting of paper and cardboard

(SPC)paper and cardboard. EWC 150101, 200101

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) paper CP-SPC sorting of paper and cardboard


transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported paper SPC sorting of paper and cardboard


environment (ENV) air SPC sorting of paper and cardboard (SPC) combustion air

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies SPC sorting of paper and cardboard

(SPC) operating supply, fuel


sorting of paper and cardboard (SPC)

sorting residues SPC-GI

transport of paper and cardboard sorting products (TPCS)

paper sorting residues


sorting residues SPC-FI




sorting residues SPC-CI




sorting residues SPC-OI




sorting residues SPC-LN




sorted paper SPC-RECD


sorted paper and cardbord, that is going to be transported to a paper factory

sorting of paper and cardboard (SPC) offgas SPC environment (ENV) combustion air

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4.2.1.2 Sorting of plastic (SP)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of plastic only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition This process covers manual and automatic sorting of plastic from separate collection, collecting sites and imports. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of all investigated sorting plants. Not investigated are the production and maintenance of containers, machines and buildings. Goods The investigated goods are delivered waste plastic, sorted plastic, sorting residues, supplies (fuel), resources (air) and emissions (exhaust). Major output good is “sorted plastic”. Connections Major origins of goods are “separate collection of secondary materials” (SCS) and “collecting point for secondary materials” (CPS). Major destination is “transport of plastic sorting products” (TPS).


Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. There are no direct links (input and output goods) to other channel-dedicated workpackages.

Table 4-22: Level 3 - Process „Sorting of plastic” (SP)


separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) plastic SC-SP sorting of plastic (SP) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) plastic CP-SP sorting of plastic (SP) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported plastic SP sorting of plastic (SP) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

environment (ENV) air SP sorting of plastic (SP) combustion airtrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies SP sorting of plastic (SP) operating supply, fuel


sorting of plastic (SP) sorting residues SP-GI

transport of plastic sorting products (TPS) plastic sorting residues

sorting of plastic (SP) sorting residues SP-FI


sorting of plastic (SP) sorting residues SP-CI


sorting of plastic (SP) sorting residues SP-OI


sorting of plastic (SP) sorting residues SP-LN


sorting of plastic (SP) sorted plastic SP-RECD

transport of plastic sorting products (TPS)

sorted plastic, that is going to be transported to a plastic factory

sorting of plastic (SP) offgas SP environment (ENV) combustion air

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4.2.1.3 Sorting of metal (SM)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of metal only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition This process covers sorting of metals from separate collection, collecting sites and imports. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of all investigated sorting plants. Not investigated are the production and maintenance of containers, machines and buildings. Goods The investigated goods are delivered waste metal, sorted metal, sorting residues, supplies (fuel), resources (air) and emissions (exhaust). Major output good is “sorted metal”. Connections Major origins of goods are “separate collection of secondary materials” (SCS) and “collecting point for secondary materials” (CPS). Major destination is “transport of metal sorting products” (TMS). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. There are no direct links (input and output goods) to other channel-dedicated workpackages.


Table 4-23: Level 3 - Process „Sorting of metal” (SM)


separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) metal SC-SM sorting of metal (SM) metal. EWC 150104, 200140

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) metal CP-SM sorting of metal (SM) metal. EWC 150104, 200140

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported metal SM sorting of metal (SM) metal. EWC 150104, 200140

environment (ENV) air SM sorting of metal (SM) combustion airtrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies SM sorting of metal (SM) operating supply, fuel


sorting of metal (SM) sorting residues SM-GI

transport of metal sorting products (TMS) metal sorting residues

sorting of metal (SM) sorting residues SM-FI


sorting of metal (SM) sorting residues SM-CI


sorting of metal (SM) sorting residues SM-OI


sorting of metal (SM) sorting residues SM-LN


sorting of metal (SM) sorted metal SM-RECD

transport of metal sorting products (TMS)

sorted metal, that is going to be transported to a metal factory

sorting of metal (SM) offgas SM environment (ENV) combustion air

inpu

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4.2.1.4 Sorting of glass (SG)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of glass only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition This process covers manual and automatic sorting of glass from separate collection, collecting sites and imports. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of all investigated sorting plants. Not investigated are the production and maintenance of containers, machines and buildings. Goods The investigated goods are delivered waste glass, sorted glass, sorting residues, supplies (fuel), resources (air) and emissions (exhaust). Major output good is “sorted glass”. Connections Major origins of goods are “separate collection of secondary materials” (SCS) and “collecting point for secondary materials” (CPS). Major destination is “transport of glass sorting products” (TPS). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. There are no direct links (input and output goods) to other channel-dedicated workpackages.


Table 4-24: Level 3 - Process „Sorting of glass” (SG)


separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) glass SC-SG sorting of glass (SG) glass. EWC 150107, 200102

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) glass CP-SG sorting of glass (SG) glass. EWC 150107, 200102

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported glass SG sorting of glass (SG) glass. EWC 150107, 200102

environment (ENV) air SG sorting of glass (SG) combustion airtrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies SG sorting of glass (SG) operating supply, fuel


sorting of glass (SG) sorting residues SG-GI

transport of glass sorting products (TGS) glass sorting residues

sorting of glass (SG) sorting residues SG-FI


sorting of glass (SG) sorting residues SG-CI


sorting of glass (SG) sorting residues SG-OI


sorting of glass (SG) sorting residues SG-LN


sorting of glass (SG) sorted glass SG-RECD

transport of glass sorting products (TGS)

sorted glass, that is going to be transported to a glass factory

sorting of glass (SG) offgas SG environment (ENV) combustion air

inpu

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4.2.1.5 Sorting of composite packaging (SCP)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of composite packaging only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition This process covers manual and automatic sorting of composite packaging from separate collection, collecting sites and imports. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of all investigated sorting plants. Not investigated are the production and maintenance of containers, machines and buildings. Goods The investigated goods are delivered composite packaging waste, sorted composite packaging, sorting residues, supplies (fuel), resources (air) and emissions (exhaust). Major output good is “sorted composite packaging”. Connections Major origins of goods are “separate collection of secondary materials” (SCS) and “collecting point for secondary materials” (CPS). Major destination is “transport of composite packaging sorting products” (TPS). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. There are no direct links (input and output goods) to other channel-dedicated workpackages.


Table 4-25: Level 3 - Process „Sorting of composite packaging” (SCP)



composite packaging SC-SCP



composite packaging CP-SCP



imported composite packaging SCP


environment (ENV) air SCP sorting of composite packaging (SCP) combustion air

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies SCP sorting of composite

packaging (SCP) operating supply, fuel


sorting of composite packaging (SCP)

sorting residues SCP-GI

transport of composite packaging sorting products (TCS)

composite packaging sorting residues


sorting residues SCP-FI




sorting residues SCP-CI




sorting residues SCP-OI




sorting residues SCP-LN




sorted composite packaging SCP-RECD


sorted composite packaging that is going to be transported to a recycling factory

sorting of composite packaging (SCP) offgas SCP environment (ENV) combustion air

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4.2.1.6 Sorting of mixed secondary materials (SMS)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of mixed secondary materials only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition This process covers manual and automatic sorting of mixed secondary materials from common collection, collecting sites and imports. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of all investigated sorting plants. Not investigated are the production and maintenance of containers, machines and buildings. Goods The investigated goods are delivered mixed secondary materials waste, sorted mixed secondary materials, sorting residues, supplies (fuel), resources (air) and emissions (exhaust). Major output good is “sorted mixed secondary materials”.


Connections Major origins of goods are “separate collection of secondary materials” (SCS) and “collecting point for secondary materials” (CPS). Major destination is “transport of mixed secondary materials sorting products” (TPS). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. There are no direct links (input and output goods) to other channel-dedicated workpackages.

Table 4-26: Level 3 - Process „Sorting of mixed secondary materials” (SMS)



mixed secondary materials SC-SMS



mixed secondary materials CP-SMS



imported mixed secondary materials SMS


environment (ENV) air SMS sorting of mixed secondary materials (SMS) combustion air

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies SMS sorting of mixed secondary

materials (SMS) operating supply, fuel


sorting of mixed secondary materials (SMS)

sorting residues SMS-GI

transport of mixed secondary materials sorting products (TMSS)

mixed secondary materials sorting residues


sorting residues SMS-FI




sorting residues SMS-CI




sorting residues SMS-OI




sorting residues SMS-LN




sorted paper SMS-RECD




sorted glass SMS-RECD




sorted metal SMS-RECD




sorted plastic SMS-RECD




sorted composite packaging SMS-RECD



sorting of mixed secondary materials (SMS) offgas SMS environment (ENV) combustion air

inpu

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4.2.1.7 Sorting of bulky waste (SB)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of bulky waste only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition This process covers the sorting of bulky waste from separate collection, collecting sites and imports. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of all investigated sorting plants. Not investigated are the production and maintenance of containers, machines and buildings. Goods The investigated goods are delivered bulky waste, sorted bulky waste, sorting residues, supplies (fuel), resources (air) and emissions (exhaust). Major output good is “sorted bulky waste”. Connections Major origins of goods are “separate collection of secondary materials” (SCS) and “collecting point for secondary materials” (CPS). Major destination is “transport of bulky waste sorting products” (TPS). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. There are no direct links (input and output goods) to other channel-dedicated workpackages.

Table 4-27: Level 3 - Process „Sorting of bulky waste” (SB)


separate collection of bulky waste (SCB) bulky waste SC-SB sorting of bulky waste (SB) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,

200138, 200307collecting point for bulky waste (CPB) bulky waste CP-SB sorting of bulky waste (SB) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,


imported bulky waste SB sorting of bulky waste (SB) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,

200138, 200307environment (ENV) air SB sorting of bulky waste (SB) combustion airtrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies SB sorting of bulky waste (SB) operating supply, fuel


sorting of bulky waste (SB) thermal fraction SB-GI

transport of bulky waste sorting products (TBS) material with high calorific value

sorting of bulky waste (SB) thermal fraction SB-FI


sorting of bulky waste (SB) thermal fraction SB-CI


sorting of bulky waste (SB) thermal fraction SB-OI


sorting of bulky waste (SB) landfill fraction SB-LN

transport of bulky waste sorting products (TBS) bulky waste sorting residues

sorting of bulky waste (SB) recycling fraction SB-RECD

transport of bulky waste sorting products (TBS) sorted secondary material (e.g. wood)

sorting of bulky waste (SB) offgas SB environment (ENV) combustion air

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4.2.1.8 Sorting of road waste (SR)

The process deals with sorting of road waste to recover grit used against the danger of icy roads. Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of road waste only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition This process covers automatic sorting of road waste to recover grit. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundary of the investigated sorting plant. Not investigated are the production and maintenance of containers, machines and buildings. Goods The investigated goods are delivered road waste, sorted grit, sorting residues, supplies (fuel), resources (air) and emissions (exhaust). Connections Major origin of goods is “cleaning of the road” (COR) and major destination is “transport of road waste sorting products” (TRS). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. There are no direct links (input and output goods) to other channel-dedicated workpackages.

Table 4-28: Level 3 - Process „Sorting of road waste” (SR)


cleaning of the road (COR) road waste SR sorting of road waste (SR) road waste, mainly grit. EWC 200303environment (ENV) air SR sorting of road waste (SR) combustion airtrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies SR sorting of road waste (SR) operating supply, fuel


sorting of road waste (SR) sorting residues SR-GI

transport of road waste sorting products (TRS) grit sorting residues

sorting of road waste (SR) sorting residues SR-FI


sorting of road waste (SR) sorting residues SR-CI


sorting of road waste (SR) sorting residues SR-OI


sorting of road waste (SR) sorting residues SR-LN


sorting of road waste (SR) sorting residues SR-LI


sorting of road waste (SR) sorted grit transport of road waste sorting products (TRS) sorted grit, that is going to be reused again.

sorting of road waste (SR) offgas SR environment (ENV) combustion air

inpu

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4.2.2 Mechanical chemical treatment (MT)

The main difference of this process to the sorting processes before (chapter 4.2.1) is the use of mechanical treatment by means of a shredder. Also investigated here is the treatment of residues (incineration ashes) with heat and chemicals. Process definition This process covers mechanical waste treatment (shredding and waste splitting) and ash treatment. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of all investigated treatment plants. Goods The investigated goods are delivered wastes, thermally pre-treated waste (ash), produced waste fractions (thermal, biological, recycling and landfill fraction), residues, supplies (fuel), resources (air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “mixed waste MT”. Connections Major origin of goods is “collection of mixed waste” (CM) and major destination is “transport of mechanically chemically treated waste” (TMT). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4 (for splitting procedures) and workpackage 6 (for ash treatment).

Table 4-29: Level 2 - Process „Mechanical chemical treatment” (MT)



mixed waste MT

mechanical chemical treatment (MT) EWC 200301


curbside waste MT




collected delivered waste MT




other waste MT

mechanical chemical treatment (MT) road waste. EWC 200303


imported waste MT


mixed waste and road waste. EWC 200301, 200303

transport of thermally treated waste (TTT)

thermally pretreated waste MT

mechanical chemical treatment (MT) ashes to be treated

environment (ENV) resources MT mechanical chemical treatment (MT) combustion air

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies MT mechanical chemical

treatment (MT) operating supply, fuel



thermal fraction

transport of mechanically chemically treated waste (TMT)

split material with high calorific value


biological fraction


split biodegradable material


recycling fraction


split secondary material

mechanical chemical treatment (MT) landfill fraction


split residues

mechanical chemical treatment (MT) emissions MT environment (ENV) exhaust

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4.2.2.1 Mixed waste splitting (MWS)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.2). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of waste splitting procedures only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition This process covers waste shredding and splitting of mixed waste. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of the investigated waste splitting plant. Goods The investigated goods are delivered waste, produced waste fractions, residues, supplies (fuel), resources (air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “mixed waste MWS” and major output goods are “thermal fraction”, “biological fraction”, “recycling fraction” and “landfill fraction”.


Connections Major origin of goods is “collection of mixed waste - detail” (CMD) and major destination is “transport of mixed waste splitting products” (TMWS). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. There are no direct links (input and output goods) to other channel-dedicated workpackages.

Table 4-30: Level 3 - Process „Mixed waste splitting” (MWS)


collection of mixed waste - detail (CMD) mixed waste MWS mixed waste splitting (MWS) EWC 200301

cleaning of the road (COR) road waste MWS mixed waste splitting (MWS) road waste and content of public litter bins. EWC 200303


imported mixed waste MWS mixed waste splitting (MWS) EWC 200301

environment (ENV) air MWS mixed waste splitting (MWS) combustion airtrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies MWS mixed waste splitting (MWS) operating supply, fuel


mixed waste splitting (MWS) thermal fraction MWS-GI

transport of mixed waste splitting products (TMWS)

material with high calorific value (e.g. paper, cardboard, plastic)

mixed waste splitting (MWS) thermal fraction MWS-FI



mixed waste splitting (MWS) thermal fraction MWS-CI



mixed waste splitting (MWS) thermal fraction MWS-OI



mixed waste splitting (MWS) biological fraction MWS-MBT

transport of mixed waste splitting products (TMWS) split biodegradable material

mixed waste splitting (MWS) biological fraction MWS-OBT


mixed waste splitting (MWS) biological fraction MWS-C


mixed waste splitting (MWS) landfill fraction MWS-LN

transport of mixed waste splitting products (TMWS) split residues

mixed waste splitting (MWS) recycling fraction MWS-RECD


split secondary material (paper, metal, plastics)

mixed waste splitting (MWS) offgas MWS environment (ENV) combustion air

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4.2.2.2 Organic waste splitting (OWS)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.2). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of waste splitting procedures only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition This process covers shredding and splitting of organic waste (e.g. wood fraction, composting fraction etc.). Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of the investigated waste splitting plant. Goods The investigated goods are delivered waste, produced waste fractions, residues, supplies (fuel), resources (air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “organic waste OWS” and


major output goods are “thermal fraction”, “biological fraction”, “recycling fraction” and “landfill fraction”. Connections Major origin of goods is “separate collection of secondary materials” (SCS), “collecting point for secondary materials” (CPS) and “collection of other organic waste” (COO). The major destination is “transport of organic waste splitting products” (TMWS). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. There are no direct links (input and output goods) to other channel-dedicated workpackages.

Table 4-31: Level 3 - Process „Organic waste splitting” (OWS)



organic waste SC-OWS organic waste splitting (OWS)



organic waste CP-OWS organic waste splitting (OWS)



organic waste CO-OWS organic waste splitting (OWS) biodegradable waste. EWC 2002, 200302


imported organic waste OWS organic waste splitting (OWS) biodegradable waste. EWC 200108, 2002,

200302

environment (ENV) air OWS organic waste splitting (OWS) combustion air

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies OWS organic waste splitting (OWS) operating supply, fuel


organic waste splitting (OWS) thermal fraction OWS-GI

transport of organic waste splitting products (TOWS)


organic waste splitting (OWS) thermal fraction OWS-FI



organic waste splitting (OWS) thermal fraction OWS-CI



organic waste splitting (OWS) thermal fraction OWS-OI



organic waste splitting (OWS) biological fraction OWS-MBT

transport of organic waste splitting products (TOWS) split biodegradable material

organic waste splitting (OWS) biological fraction OWS-OBT


organic waste splitting (OWS) biological fraction OWS-C


organic waste splitting (OWS) landfill fraction OWS-LN

transport of organic waste splitting products (TOWS) split residues

organic waste splitting (OWS) recycling fraction OWS-RECD



organic waste splitting (OWS) offgas OWS environment (ENV) combustion air

inpu

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tput

4.2.2.3 Follow up treatment (FT)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.2). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of follow up treatment procedures only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods.


Process definition This process covers follow up treatments of ashes from waste incineration plants. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of the investigated follow up treatment plants. Goods The investigated goods are untreated ashes, treated ashes, supplies (fuel, cement, chemicals), resources (air) and emissions (exhaust). Connections Major origin of goods are transport processes from incineration plants and major destination is “transport of follow up treatment products” (TFT). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 6. The input goods “untreated ashes” and the output goods “treated ashes” are links to workpackage 4.

Table 4-32: Level 3 - Process „Follow up treatment” (FT)


transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI)

untreated ashes GI-FT follow up treatment (FT) ashes are cemented , glazed or separated

by size, magnetic and electric separation

transport of fluidized bed incineration plant products (TFI)

untreated ashes FI-FT follow up treatment (FT) ashes are cemented , glazed or separated


transport of cement kiln incineration plant products (TCI)

untreated ashes CI-FT follow up treatment (FT) ashes are cemented , glazed or separated


transport of other incineration plant products (TOI)

untreated ashes OI-FT follow up treatment (FT) ashes are cemented , glazed or separated


trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) chemicals FT follow up treatment (FT) cement, silcate, chemicals

environment (ENV) air FT follow up treatment (FT) combustion airtrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies FT follow up treatment (FT) operating supply, fuel


follow up treatment (FT) treated ashes LN transport of follow up treatment products (TFT)

ashes are cemented , glazed or separated by size, magnetic and electric separation

follow up treatment (FT) treated ashes TIBS transport of follow up treatment products (TFT)


follow up treatment (FT) treated ashes RECD transport of follow up treatment products (TFT) scrap

follow up treatment (FT) offgas FT environment (ENV) combustion air

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4.2.3 Biological treatment (BT)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of biological treatment procedures only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods.


Process definition The process consists of decomposition by micro-organisms of the organic waste materials into their constituent components, under controlled conditions in different types of plants. Also investigated are shredder, air classifier and metal deposition equipment (magnets) if existent at the biological treatment plant. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of the investigated biological treatment plants. Goods The investigated goods are mixed waste, organic waste, resources (air, water), supplies (gas, chemicals), treated waste (biologically pre-treated waste, compost), residues (light fraction, scrap, screen residues) and emissions (exhaust). Major input goods are mixed waste and organic waste (other waste BT, transported biological fraction) and major output goods are compost, pre-treated waste and residues. Connections Major origin of goods are “collection of mixed waste” (CM) and “transport of mechanically chemically treated waste” (TMT) and major destination is “transport of biologically treated waste” (TBT).

Table 4-33: Level 2 - Process “Biological treatment” (BT)



mixed waste BT biological treatment (BT) EWC 200301


curbside waste BT biological treatment (BT) organic waste. EWC 200108, 200201,

200202


collected delivered waste BT

biological treatment (BT) organic waste. EWC 200108, 200201, 200202

collection of other waste (CO) other waste BT biological treatment (BT)



imported waste BT biological treatment (BT) mixed waste, organic waste. EWC 200301,

200108, 2002transport of mechanically chemically treated waste (TMT)

transported biological fraction

biological treatment (BT) biodegradable material from splitting plants

environment (ENV) resources BT biological treatment (BT) air, watertrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies BT biological treatment (BT) gas, chemicals, etc.


biological treatment (BT) residues BT transport of biologically treated waste (TBT)

light fraction, scrap and oversize screen products

biological treatment (BT)biologically pretreated waste

transport of biologically treated waste (TBT)

anorganic materials with low content of organics

biological treatment (BT) compost transport of biologically treated waste (TBT) organic fertiliser

biological treatment (BT) emissions BT environment (ENV) cleaned waste water and cleaned flue gas

inpu

tou

tput



4.2.3.1 Mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.3). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of aerobic biological treatment procedures only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition Mechanical separation and decomposition process of mixed waste, organic waste and sewage sludge under controlled conditions. Also investigated are shredder, air classifier and metal deposition equipment (magnets) if used at the biological treatment plant. This process does not cover anaerobic treatment plants or treatment plants that mainly produce compost (see next sections). However, a relatively small fraction of compost could be produced by some plants. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of the investigated mechanical-biological treatment plant. Goods The investigated goods are mixed waste, organic waste, road waste, sewage sludge, sewer waste, resources (air, water), supplies (gas, chemicals), treated waste, residues (light fraction, heavy fraction, sorted paper, scrap) and emissions (exhaust). Connections Major origin of goods are „collection of mixed waste - detail” (CMD) and “transport of mixed waste splitting products” (TMWS) and the major destination process is ”transport of mechanical biological treatment plant products” (TMBT). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 5. The waste input and output goods are links to workpackage 4.

Table 4-34: Level 3 - Process “Mechanical biological treatment plant” (MBT) process of origin input good process of destination good descriptioncollection of mixed waste - detail (CMD) mixed waste MBT mechanical biological

treatment plant (MBT) EWC 200301


organic waste SC-MBT



cleaning of the road (COR) road waste MBT mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT)


transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewer waste MBT mechanical biological

treatment plant (MBT) sewer sediments. EWC 200306


organic waste CO-MBT

mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT) biodegradable waste. EWC 2002, 200302

transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewage sludge MBT mechanical biological

treatment plant (MBT)dried sewage sludge from treatment of urban waste water. EWC 190805


organic waste CP-MBT




imported mixed waste MBT

mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT) EWC 200301


imported organic waste MBT




biological frac-tion TMWS-MBT

mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT) split biodegradable material


biological frac-tion TOWS-MBT


environment (ENV) air MBT mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT) natural gas for composting process

environment (ENV) water MBT mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT) natural water for composting process

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies MBT mechanical biological

treatment plant (MBT) gas, chemicals, etc.

inpu

t


Table 4-34 continued process of origin output good process of destination good descriptionmechanical biological treatment plant (MBT) light fraction MBT-GI

transport of mechanical biological treatment plant products (TMBT)


mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT) light fraction MBT-FI



mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT) light fraction MBT-CI



mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT) light fraction MBT-OI




light fraction MBT-LN


paper, cardboard and plastics that is landfilled


heavy fraction MBT-GI


heavy refuse fraction that is incinerated


heavy fraction MBT-FI




heavy fraction MBT-OI




heavy fraction MBT-LN


heavy refuse fraction that is landfilled


biologically pretreated waste MBT-LN


fraction that is landfilled after biological treatment


sorted paper MBT-RECD




composted MSW MBT-RECD


fraction that is used as organic fertilizer after biological treatment

mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT) scrap MBT-RECD


iron metals


loss during composting MBT environment (ENV) offgas (CH 4 , CO 2 )

outp

ut

4.2.3.2 Other biological treatment plant (OBT)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.3) and to the previous process. The difference to the previous process is a more detailed level in the investigated goods. This process investigates biological treatments (e.g. anaerobic treatments) that are not covered by the previous process. Process definition This process covers the decomposition of organic waste under controlled conditions. Also investigated are shredder, air classifier and metal deposition equipment (magnets) if used at the biological treatment plant. This process does not cover treatment plants that mainly produce compost (see next section). However, a relatively small fraction of compost could be produced by some plants. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of the investigated other biological treatment plant.


Goods The investigated goods are mixed waste, organic waste, road waste, sewage sludge, sewer waste, resources (air, water), supplies (gas, chemicals), treated waste, residues (light fraction, heavy fraction, sorted paper, scrap) and emissions (offgas). Connections Major origin of goods are “collection of mixed waste - detail” CMD and “transport of mixed waste splitting products” (TMWS) and the major destination process is ”transport of other biological treatment plant products” (TOBT). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 5. The waste input and output goods are links to workpackage 4.

Table 4-35: Level 3 - Process ”Other biological treatment plant” (OBT) process of origin input good process of destination good descriptioncollection of mixed waste - detail (CMD) mixed waste OBT other biological treatment plant

(OBT) EWC 200301


organic waste SC-OBT



cleaning of the road (COR) road waste OBT other biological treatment plant (OBT)


transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewer waste OBT other biological treatment plant

(OBT) sewer sediments. EWC 200306


organic waste CO-OBT

other biological treatment plant (OBT) biodegradable waste. EWC 2002, 200302

transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewage sludge OBT other biological treatment plant

(OBT)dried sewage sludge from treatment of urban waste water. EWC 190805


organic waste CP-OBT




imported mixed waste OBT

other biological treatment plant (OBT) EWC 200301


imported organic waste OBT




biological frac-tion TMWS-OBT

other biological treatment plant (OBT) split biodegradable material


biological frac-tion TOWS-OBT


environment (ENV) air OBT other biological treatment plant (OBT) natural gas for composting process

environment (ENV) water OBT other biological treatment plant (OBT) natural water for composting process

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies OBT other biological treatment plant

(OBT) gas, chemicals, etc.

inpu

t


Table 4-35 continued process of origin output good process of destination good descriptionother biological treatment plant (OBT) light fraction OBT-GI

transport of other biological treatment plant products (TOBT)


other biological treatment plant (OBT) light fraction OBT-FI



other biological treatment plant (OBT) light fraction OBT-CI



other biological treatment plant (OBT) light fraction OBT-OI




light fraction OBT-LN




heavy fraction OBT-GI




heavy fraction OBT-FI




heavy fraction OBT-OI




heavy fraction OBT-LN




biologically pretreated waste OBT-LN




sorted paper OBT-RECD




composted MSW OBT-RECD



other biological treatment plant (OBT) scrap OBT-RECD


iron metals


loss during composting OBT environment (ENV) offgas (CH 4 , CO 2 )

outp

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4.2.3.3 Composting plant (C)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.3). The difference to the two processes before is the investigation of treatment procedures of organic waste only and the production of compost. Process definition The process covers the decomposition by micro-organisms of the organic waste materials at a certain speed, temperature and under controlled moisture and aeration and production of a marketable product, compost. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of the investigated composting plant. Goods The investigated input goods are organic waste, sewage sludge, resources (air, water), supplies (gas, chemicals), compost, screen residues and emissions (offgas).


Connections Major origin of goods are “collection of other organic waste” (COO) and “transport of mixed waste splitting products” (TMWS) and the major destination process is ”transport of composting plant products” (TC). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 5. The waste input and output goods are links to workpackage 4.

Table 4-36: Level 3 - Process “Composting plant” (C)


separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) organic waste SC-C composting plant (C)


collection of other organic waste (COO) organic waste CO-C composting plant (C) biodegradable waste. EWC 2002, 200302

transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewage sludge C composting plant (C) dried sewage sludge from treatment of

urban waste water. EWC 190805

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) organic waste CP-C composting plant (C)



imported organic waste C composting plant (C) biodegradable waste. EWC 200108, 2002,

200302transport of mixed waste splitting products (TMWS)

biological fraction TMWS-C composting plant (C) split biodegradable material


biological fraction TOWS-C composting plant (C) split biodegradable material

environment (ENV) water C composting plant (C) natural water for composting processenvironment (ENV) air C composting plant (C) natural gas for composting processtrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies C composting plant (C) gas, chemicals, etc.


composting plant (C) compost C transport of composting plant products (TC) organic fertiliser

composting plant (C) residues C transport of composting plant products (TC)

oversize screen products (plastics and other materials)

composting plant (C) loss during composting C environment (ENV) offgas (CH 4 , CO 2 )

outp

utin

put

4.2.4 Thermal treatment (TT)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of thermal treatment procedures only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition The process consists in incineration of the generated wastes under controlled conditions (with cleaning devices installed) with energy recovery. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of the investigated thermal treatment plants. Investigated are waste incineration, dry and wet exhaust treatment, sewage treatment and energy recovery. Not investigated are transports (of waste, treated waste, residues and recovered energy) and the maintenance of machines and the incineration furnace.


Goods The investigated input goods are mixed waste, curbside waste, thermal fraction, light fraction, resources (air, water) and supplies (gas, chemicals). The major output goods are residues (ashes, scrap), treated waste, products (cement) and emissions (cleaned flue gas, water). Connections Major origin of goods are “collection of mixed waste” (CM), “separate waste collection” (SC) and transports of treated waste and the major destination process is ”transport of thermally treated waste” (TT). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 6. The waste input and output goods are links to workpackage 4.

Table 4-37: Level 2 - Process “Thermal treatment” (TT)



mixed waste TT thermal treatment (TT) EWC 200301


curbside waste TT thermal treatment (TT)



collected delivered waste TT

thermal treatment (TT)plastics, hazardous waste and bulky waste (wood). EWC 150102, 150103, 200113-200139, 200307

collection of other waste (CO) other waste TT thermal treatment (TT) road waste and sewer waste. EWC 200303,

200306


imported waste TT thermal treatment (TT)

mixed waste, plastic, bulky waste (wood) and hazardous waste. EWC 200301, 150102, 200113-200139, 200307


transported thermal fraction

thermal treatment (TT) material with high heating value from splitting plants

transport of sorted waste (TS) residues S-TT thermal treatment (TT) sorting residues


thermal fraction BT thermal treatment (TT) residues with high heating value from

biological treatmentenvironment (ENV) resources TT thermal treatment (TT) air, watertrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TT thermal treatment (TT) gas, chemicals, etc.


thermal treatment (TT) residues TT transport of thermally treated waste (TTT)

solid combustion residues to be landfilled, scrap

thermal treatment (TT)thermally pretreated waste

transport of thermally treated waste (TTT) ashes to be treated

thermal treatment (TT) product transport of thermally treated waste (TTT)

product of thermal waste treatment e.g. cement, gypsum

thermal treatment (TT) emissions TT environment (ENV) cleaned waste water and cleaned flue gas

inpu

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4.2.4.1 Grate incineration plant (GI)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.4). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of grate incineration plants only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition The process consists in incineration of municipal solid waste on a grate under controlled conditions with recovery of the energy generated. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of the investigated grate incineration plant. Goods The investigated input goods are mixed waste, wood waste, sewer waste, thermal fractions, sorting residues, resources (air, water) and supplies (gas, chemicals). The major output goods are untreated ashes, products (steam, district heating) and emissions (cleaned flue gas and water). Connections Major origin of goods are “collection of mixed waste - detail” (CMD), “separate collection of secondary materials” (SCS) and transports of treated waste and major destination is “transport of grate incineration plant products” (TGI). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 6. The waste input and output goods are links to workpackage 4.

Table 4-38: Level 3 - Process “Grate incineration plant” (GI)


collection of mixed waste - detail (CMD) mixed waste GI grate incineration plant (GI) EWC 200301

separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) plastic SC-GI grate incineration plant (GI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) plastic CP-GI grate incineration plant (GI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

collecting point TIBS (CPT) plastic CPT-GI grate incineration plant (GI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

cleaning of the road (COR) road waste GI grate incineration plant (GI) road waste and content of public litter bins. EWC 200303

transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewer waste GI grate incineration plant (GI) sewer sediments. EWC 200306

separate collection of bulky waste (SCB) bulky waste SC-GI grate incineration plant (GI) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,

200138, 200307collecting point for bulky waste (CPB) wood GI grate incineration plant (GI) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,


imported mixed waste GI grate incineration plant (GI) EWC 200301

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported wood GI grate incineration plant (GI) wood. EWC 150103, 200137, 200138,

200307transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported plastic GI grate incineration plant (GI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139


thermal fraction TMWS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) material with high calorific value (e.g. paper,

cardboard, plastic)transport of organic waste splitting products (TOWS)

thermal fraction TOWS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) material with high calorific value (e.g. paper,

cardboard, plastic)transport of paper and cardboard sorting products (TPCS)

sorting residues TPCS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) paper sorting residues


sorting residues TPS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) plastic sorting residues


sorting residues TMS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) metal sorting residues


sorting residues TGS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) glass sorting residues

transport of composite packaging sorting products (TCPS)

sorting residues TCPS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) composite packaging sorting residues


sorting residues TMSS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) mixed secondary materials sorting residues

transport of bulky waste sorting products (TBS)

thermal fraction TBS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) material with high calorific value

transport of road waste sorting products (TRS)

sorting residues TRS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) grit sorting residues


light fraction TMBT-GI grate incineration plant (GI) material with high calorific value (e.g. paper,

cardboard, plastic)


heavy fraction TMBT-GI grate incineration plant (GI) heavy refuse fraction that is incinerated


light fraction TOBT-GI grate incineration plant (GI) material with high calorific value (e.g. paper,

cardboard, plastic)


heavy fraction TOBT-GI grate incineration plant (GI) heavy refuse fraction that is incinerated

environment (ENV) air GI grate incineration plant (GI) combustion airenvironment (ENV) water GI grate incineration plant (GI) for cooling the slagtrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies GI grate incineration plant (GI) gas, chemicals, etc.

inpu

t


continued process of origin output good process of destination good descriptiongrate incineration plant (GI) bottom ash GI transport of grate incineration

plant products (TGI) solid combustion residue

grate incineration plant (GI) fly ash GI transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) ash from the dry flue gas cleaning system

grate incineration plant (GI) ESP-ash GI transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI)

ash from the dry flue gas cleaning system - electrostatic precipiator ash

grate incineration plant (GI) filter cake GI transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) from the wet flue gas cleaning system

grate incineration plant (GI) scrap GI transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) iron metals

grate incineration plant (GI) untreated ashes GI transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI)


grate incineration plant (GI) products GI transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) e.g. gypsum

grate incineration plant (GI) cleaned waste water GI environment (ENV) treated water from the incineration process

(cooling the ash)

grate incineration plant (GI) cleaned offgas GI environment (ENV) mixture of combustion gases and air escaping after the flue gas cleaning unit

outp

ut

4.2.4.2 Fluidized bed incineration plant (FI)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.4). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of fluidized bed incineration plants only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition This process covers the incineration of defined goods (e.g. light fraction from biological treatment) under controlled conditions with recovery of the energy generated. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of the investigated fluidized bed incineration plant. Goods The investigated input goods are light fraction, mixed waste, wood waste, sewer waste, thermal fraction, sorting residues, resources (air, water), supplies (gas, chemicals). The major output goods are untreated ashes, scrap, products (steam, district heating) and emissions (cleaned flue gas and water). Connections Major origin of goods are “collection of mixed waste - detail” (CMD), “separate collection of secondary materials” (SCS) and transports of treated waste and major destination is “transport of fluidized bed incineration plant products” (TFI). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 6. The waste input and output goods are links to workpackage 4.


Table 4-39: Level 3 - Process “Fluidized bed incineration plant” (FI)


collection of mixed waste - detail (CMD) mixed waste FI fluidized bed incineration plant

(FI) EWC 200301

separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) plastic SC-FI fluidized bed incineration plant

(FI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) plastic CP-FI fluidized bed incineration plant

(FI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

collecting point TIBS (CPT) plastic CPT-FI fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

cleaning of the road (COR) road waste FI fluidized bed incineration plant (FI)


transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewer waste FI fluidized bed incineration plant

(FI) sewer sediments. EWC 200306

separate collection of bulky waste (SCB) bulky waste SC-FI fluidized bed incineration plant


collecting point for bulky waste (CPB) wood FI fluidized bed incineration plant


transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported plastic FI fluidized bed incineration plant

(FI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139


imported mixed waste FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) EWC 200301

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported wood FI fluidized bed incineration plant

(FI)wood. EWC 150103, 200137, 200138, 200307


thermal fraction TMWS-FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI)



thermal fraction TOWS-FI




sorting residues TPCS-FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) paper sorting residues


sorting residues TPS-FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) plastic sorting residues


sorting residues TMS-FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) metal sorting residues


sorting residues TGS-FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) glass sorting residues


sorting residues TCPS-FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) composite packaging sorting residues


sorting residues TMSS-FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) mixed secondary materials sorting residues


thermal fraction TBS-FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) material with high calorific value


sorting residues TRS-FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) grit sorting residues


light fraction TMBT-FI




heavy fraction TMBT-FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) heavy refuse fraction that is incinerated


light fraction TOBT-FI




heavy fraction TOBT-FI


environment (ENV) air FI fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) combustion air

environment (ENV) water FI fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) for cooling the ash

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies FI fluidized bed incineration plant

(FI) gas, chemicals, etc.

inpu

t


continued process of origin output good process of destination good descriptionfluidized bed incineration plant (FI) bottom ash FI


solid combustion residue

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) fly ash FI


ash from the dry flue gas cleaning system

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) ESP-ash FI



fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) filter cake FI


from the wet flue gas cleaning system

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) scrap FI


iron metals

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) untreated ashes FI



fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) products FI


depending upon the input into the incineration process (e.g. construction material)


cleaned waste water FI environment (ENV) treated water from the incineration process

(cooling the ash)fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) cleaned offgas FI environment (ENV) mixture of combustion gases and air

escaping after the flue gas cleaning unit

outp

ut

4.2.4.3 Cement kiln incineration plant (CI)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.4). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of cement plants only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition Industrial cement production plants, which also uses treated waste and separately collected plastic and wood as fuel. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of the investigated cement plant. Goods The investigated input goods are light fraction, wood waste, thermal fraction, resources (air) and supplies (gas, chemicals). The major output goods are untreated ashes, cement and cleaned flue gas. Connections Major origin of goods is “transport of mechanical biological treatment plant products” (TMBT) and major destination is “transport of cement kiln incineration plant products” (TCI). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 6. The waste input and output goods are links to workpackage 4.


Table 4-40: Level 3 - Process “Cement kiln incineration plant” (CI)


separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) plastic SC-CI cement kiln incineration plant

(CI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) plastic CP-CI cement kiln incineration plant

(CI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

collecting point TIBS (CPT) plastic CPT-CI cement kiln incineration plant (CI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewer waste CI cement kiln incineration plant

(CI) sewer sediments. EWC 200306

separate collection of bulky waste (SCB) bulky waste SC-CI cement kiln incineration plant


collecting point for bulky waste (CPB) wood CI cement kiln incineration plant


transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported plastic CI cement kiln incineration plant

(CI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported wood CI cement kiln incineration plant

(CI)wood. EWC 150103, 200137, 200138, 200307


thermal fraction TMWS-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI)



thermal fraction TOWS-CI




sorting residues TPCS-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) paper sorting residues


sorting residues TPS-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) plastic sorting residues


sorting residues TMS-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) metal sorting residues


sorting residues TGS-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) glass sorting residues


sorting residues TCPS-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) composite packaging sorting residues


sorting residues TMSS-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) mixed secondary materials sorting residues


thermal fraction TBS-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) material with high calorific value


sorting residues TRS-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) grit sorting residues


light fraction TMBT-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) plastics, paper cardboard, wood


light fraction TOBT-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) plastics, paper cardboard, wood

environment (ENV) air CI cement kiln incineration plant (CI) combustions air

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies CI cement kiln incineration plant

(CI) gas, chemicals, etc.


cement kiln incineration plant (CI) cement CI


product of the cement industry

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) ESP ash CI



cement kiln incineration plant (CI) filter cake CI



cement kiln incineration plant (CI) untreated ashes CI



cement kiln incineration plant (CI) cleaned offgas CI environment (ENV) mixture of combustion gases and air

escaping after the flue gas cleaning unit

inpu

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4.2.4.4 Other incineration plant (OI)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.4). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of other incineration plants only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. This process deals also with hazardous waste. Process definition Thermal treatment of mixed waste, plastic and wood waste and hazardous waste under controlled conditions. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of the investigated other incineration plant. Goods The investigated input goods are light fraction, mixed waste, wood waste, plastic, hazardous waste, thermal fraction, sorting residues, resources (air, water) and supplies (gas, chemicals). The major output goods are untreated ashes, scrap and emissions (cleaned flue gas and water). Connections Major origin of goods are “collection of mixed waste - detail” (CMD), “separate collection of secondary materials” (SCS) and transports of treated waste and major destination is “transport of other incineration plant products” (TOI). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 6. The waste input and output goods are links to workpackage 4.

Table 4-41: Level 3 - Process “Other incineration plant” (OI)


collection of mixed waste - detail (CMD) mixed waste OI other incineration plant (OI) EWC 200301

separate collection of secondary materials (SCS) plastic SC-OI other incineration plant (OI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139


hazardous waste SC-OI other incineration plant (OI)



hazardous waste CP-OI other incineration plant (OI)


cleaning of the road (COR) road waste OI other incineration plant (OI) road waste and content of public litter bins. EWC 200303

transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewer waste OI other incineration plant (OI) sewer sediments. EWC 200306

collecting point for secondary materials (CPS) plastic CP-OI other incineration plant (OI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

collecting point TIBS (CPT) plastic CPT-OI other incineration plant (OI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139separate collection of bulky waste (SCB) bulky waste SC-OI other incineration plant (OI) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,

200138, 200307

collecting point TIBS (CPT) wood OI other incineration plant (OI) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137, 200138, 200307


imported mixed waste OI other incineration plant (OI) EWC 200301

transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported wood OI other incineration plant (OI) wood. EWC 150103, 200137, 200138,

200307transport of mixed waste splitting products (TMWS)

thermal fraction TMWS-OI other incineration plant (OI) material with high calorific value (e.g. paper,


thermal fraction TOWS-OI other incineration plant (OI) material with high calorific value (e.g. paper,

cardboard, plastic)transport of imported waste - detail (TID) imported plastic OI other incineration plant (OI) plastic. EWC 150102, 200139


imported hazardous waste OI other incineration plant (OI)



sorting residues TPCS-OI other incineration plant (OI) paper sorting residues


sorting residues TPS-OI other incineration plant (OI) plastic sorting residues


sorting residues TMS-OI other incineration plant (OI) metal sorting residues


sorting residues TGS-OI other incineration plant (OI) glass sorting residues


sorting residues TCPS-OI other incineration plant (OI) composite packaging sorting residues


sorting residues TMSS-OI other incineration plant (OI) mixed secondary materials sorting residues


thermal fraction TBS-OI other incineration plant (OI) material with high calorific value


sorting residues TRS-OI other incineration plant (OI) grit sorting residues


continued process of origin input good process of destination good description


light fraction TMBT-OI other incineration plant (OI) material with high calorific value (e.g. paper,

cardboard, plastic)


heavy fraction TMBT-OI other incineration plant (OI) heavy refuse fraction that is incinerated


light fraction TOBT-OI other incineration plant (OI) material with high calorific value (e.g. paper,

cardboard, plastic)


heavy fraction TOBT-OI other incineration plant (OI) heavy refuse fraction that is incinerated

environment (ENV) air OI other incineration plant (OI) combustion airenvironment (ENV) water OI other incineration plant (OI) for cooling the slagtrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies OI other incineration plant (OI) gas, chemicals, etc.


other incineration plant (OI) bottom ash OI transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) solid combustion residue

other incineration plant (OI) fly ash OI transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) ash from the dry flue gas cleaning system

other incineration plant (OI) ESP-ash OI transport of other incineration plant products (TOI)


other incineration plant (OI) filter cake OI transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) from the wet flue gas cleaning system

other incineration plant (OI) scrap OI transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) iron metals

other incineration plant (OI) untreated ashes OI transport of other incineration plant products (TOI)


other incineration plant (OI) products OI transport of other incineration plant products (TOI)

depending upon the (industrial) incineration process

other incineration plant (OI) cleaned waste water OI environment (ENV) treated water from the incineration process

(cooling the ash)

other incineration plant (OI) cleaned offgas OI environment (ENV) mixture of combustion gases and air escaping after the flue gas cleaning unit

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4.2.5 Recycling (REC)

Recycling is a part of waste treatment. The process “recycling” covers recycling plants (e.g. for steel, paper, plastic, electric and electronic equipment, end-of-life vehicles, hazardous waste etc.) and physical-chemical treatment plants for hazardous waste. This process will not be balanced in the AWAST project. Process definition Technological process that transforms waste materials into marketable or technologically useful solid products. Also investigated are the physical-chemical treatment of hazardous waste. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of all the investigated plants. Goods The investigated input goods are secondary materials, hazardous waste, resources (air, water), supplies (gas, chemicals) and the output goods investigated are residues, products


and emissions (cleaned gas and waste water). Residues are considered as business and industry waste and therefore their treatment is located outside the system. Connections Major origin of goods is separate waste collection (curbside and collecting points). Major destination of the goods is “trade, industry, business, service” (TIBS). Importance for workpackages and case studies This process is not supposed to be investigated in any of the workpackages of the AWAST project and will not be used in the case studies. However, for a further development of the simulation software, it is important to extend the scope and include recycling plants as well as treatment plants towards hazardous waste and (recycling) residues.

Table 4-42: Level 2 - Process “Recycling” (REC)



curbside waste REC recycling (REC) secondary materials incl. wood. EWC 1501,

200101-200111, 200137-200140, 200307


collected delivered waste REC

recycling (REC)secondary materials, hazardous waste and bulky waste (wood). EWC 1501, 200101-200140


imported waste REC recycling (REC)

secondary materials, hazardous waste and bulky waste (wood). EWC 1501, 200101-200140

environment (ENV) resources REC recycling (REC) air and water

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies REC recycling (REC) raw materials, chemicals, fuel, oil


recycling (REC) residues REC trade, industry, business, service (TIBS)

waste from recycling processes. Treatment of industrial and business waste is outside the system.

recycling (REC) recycling products

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) valuable products

recycling (REC) emissions REC environment (ENV) cleaned waste water and cleaned flue gas

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4.2.5.1 Recycling –detail (RECD)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.2.5). The difference to the superior process is a more detailed level in the investigated goods. This process is not going to be balanced in the AWAST project. Process definition Technological process that transforms waste materials into marketable or technologically useful solid products. Also investigated are the physical-chemical treatment of hazardous waste. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of all investigated recycling plants.



Goods The investigated input goods are secondary materials (sorted and unsorted), wood, scrap, hazardous waste (including fluorescent tubs, end of life vehicles etc.), resources (air, water) and supplies (gas, chemicals) and the output goods investigated are recycling residues, recycling products and emissions (flue gas). Residues are considered as business and industry waste and therefore their treatment is located outside the system. Connections Major origin of goods are separate collection of secondary materials, collecting points and transports of treated waste. Major destination of the goods is “trade, industry, business, service” (TIBS). Importance for workpackages and case studies This process is not supposed to be investigated in any of the workpackages of the AWAST project and will not be used in the case studies. However, for a further development of the simulation software, it is important to extend the scope and include recycling plants as well as treatment plants towards hazardous waste and (recycling) residues.

Table 4-43: Level 3 - Process “Recycling-detail” (RECD) process of origin input good process of destination good description


secondary materials SC-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) paper, glass, metal, plastic, textile. EWC

1501, 200101-200111, 200139, 200140

separate collection of bulky waste (SCB)

bulky waste SC-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,

200138, 200307


hazardous waste SC-RECD recycling - detail (RECD)



secondary materials CP-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) paper, glass, metal, plastic, textile. EWC

1501, 200101-200111, 200139, 200140

collecting point TIBS (CPT) deposit glass RECD recycling - detail (RECD) deposit glass. EWC 150107, 200102

collecting point TIBS (CPT) plastic CPT-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) deposit plastic and plastic. EWC 150102, 200139

collecting point TIBS (CPT) batteries RECD recycling - detail (RECD) batteries. EWC 200133, 200134collecting point TIBS (CPT) medicines RECD recycling - detail (RECD) medicines. EWC 200131, 200132

collecting point TIBS (CPT) fluorescent tubes RECD recycling - detail (RECD) fluorescent tubes. EWC 200121


bulky waste CP-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,

200138, 200307


hazardous waste CP-RECD recycling - detail (RECD)



imported secondary materials RECD recycling - detail (RECD) paper, glass, metal, plastic, textile


imported bulky waste RECD recycling - detail (RECD) furniture and wood. EWC 150103, 200137,

200138, 200307


imported hazardous waste RECD recycling - detail (RECD)



recycling fraction TMWS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) split secondary material (paper, metal,

plastics)transport of organic waste splitting products (TOWS)

recycling fraction TOWS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) split secondary material (paper, metal,

plastics)transport of paper and cardboard sorting products (TPCS)

sorted paper TPCS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted paper and cardbord, that is going to

be transported to a paper factory


sorted plastic TPS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted plastic, that is going to be

transported to a plastic factorytransport of metal sorting products (TMS)

sorted metal TMS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted metal, that is going to be transported

to a metal factorytransport of glass sorting products (TGS)

sorted glass TGS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted glass, that is going to be transported

to a glass factorytransport of composite packaging sorting products (TCPS)

sorted composite packaging TCPS-RECD

recycling - detail (RECD) e.g. Tetra Pak . EWC 150105


sorted paper TMSS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted paper and cardbord, that is going to



sorted plastic TMSS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted plastic, that is going to be

transported to a plastic factory


sorted metal TMSS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted metal, that is going to be transported

to a metal factory


sorted glass TMSS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted glass, that is going to be transported

to a glass factory


sorted composite packaging TMSS-RECD



recycling fraction TBS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted secondary material (e.g. wood)

transport of road waste sorting products (TRS) sorted grit RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted grit, that is going to be reused again.

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continued process of origin input good process of destination good description

transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) scrap GI-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) iron metals


scrap FI-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) iron metals

transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) scrap OI-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) iron metals


sorted paper TMBT-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted paper and cardbord, that is going to



composted MSW TMBT-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) fraction that is used as organic fertilizer after

biological treatment


scrap TMBT-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) iron metals


sorted paper TOBT-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted paper and cardbord, that is going to



composted MSW TOBT-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) fraction that is used as organic fertilizer after



scrap TOBT-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) iron metals

transport of follow up treatment products (TFT)

treated ashes TFT-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) split secondary material (paper, metal,

plastics)environment (ENV) water RECD recycling - detail (RECD) waterenvironment (ENV) air RECD recycling - detail (RECD) combustion airtrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies RECD recycling - detail (RECD) operating supply, fuel


recycling - detail (RECD) recycling residues trade, industry, business, service (TIBS)

waste from recycling processes (i.e. industrial and business waste) that is treated outside the system.

recycling - detail (RECD) recycling product trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) valuable products

recycling - detail (RECD) (cleaned) waste water RECD environment (ENV) treated water from the recycling process

recycling - detail (RECD) offgas RECD environment (ENV) combustion air

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4.3 Transport of treated waste (T)

This section deals with all kinds of transports of treated waste. These are transports from waste treatment plants (e.g. sorting plants) either to further waste treatment plants (e.g. incineration of the thermal fraction from waste splitting) or to landfill sites or to trade (e.g. compost). These transports in this section are similar to the transport processes in section „collection and transport of waste“ (CT). The reason why both sections are separated is a transparent presentation for the path of waste. Process definition The process covers the transport of treated waste from treatment plants to other treatment plants, landfill sites and trade. This definition is also valid for the following subsections (chapters 4.3.1 - 4.3.4).


Process boundary Investigated are the transported goods and the consumption of supplies. Not investigated is the production and maintenance of machines (vehicles), containers and roads and the abrasion of tires, because their environmental effect is estimated to be not relevant regarding the scope of the project. The economic effect of production and maintenance of transport vehicles can be considered through factors for transported waste. These boundaries are also valid for the following subsections (chapters 4.3.1 - 4.3.4). Goods The investigated goods transported are treated waste, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “treated waste” and major output goods are “pre-treated waste” and “residues” Connections Major origin of goods is “treatment of waste” (TW) and major destinations are “treatment of waste” (TW) and “landfill” (L). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4.

Table 4-44: Level 1 - Process „Transport of treated waste” (T)


treatment of waste (TW) treated waste transport of treated waste (T)

treated MSW and other products (e.g. sorted secondary materials)

environment (ENV) resources T transport of treated waste (T) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies T transport of treated waste

(T) fuel for transport vehicles


transport of treated waste (T)

pretreated waste treatment of waste (TW) treated MSW, that is going to a further

treatmenttransport of treated waste (T) residues landfill (L) depending upon the treatment process (e.g.

ash from thermal treatment)transport of treated waste (T)

(recycling) products


depending upon the treatment process (e.g. cement)

transport of treated waste (T) emissions T environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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Structure of the inferior processes All inferior processes in this section are very similarly structured and linked. Beside the transported goods, the definitions and boundaries of these processes are nearly the same and will therefore not be described for each process. On the input side, the inferior processes are unambiguously linked to a single special process in section waste treatment. That means that the different transports of all products of one waste treatment plant (e.g. waste splitting plant) are summarized and investigated as a single process. On the output side, the inferior processes prove multi-links, i.e. as links:

with all treatment processes of section waste treatment which deal with pre-treated waste.

with all landfill processes.


with the external process “trade, industry, business, service” (TIBS) for valuable products from waste treatment (e.g. compost, electricity).

Also there are links to other external processes similarly to all other processes in the system. Links to “environment” (ENV) through resources and emissions and links to “trade, industry, business, service” (TIBS) through supplies. If the process on the input side does not exist in a case study (e.g. no incineration plant), the connected transport process of course does not exist, either. 4.3.1 Transport of sorted waste (TS)

This section deals with all kinds of transports of products and residues from waste sorting plants. Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.3). Goods The investigated goods are sorted secondary materials, sorting residues, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “sorted secondary materials” and major output good is “transported sorted secondary materials”. Connections Major origin of goods is „sorting“ (S) and major destination is “recycling” (REC). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output good “residues S-TT” is the link to workpackage 6.

Table 4-45: Level 2 - Process „Transport of sorted waste” (TS)


sorting (S) residues S transport of sorted waste (TS) sorting residues

sorting (S)sorted secondary materials


paper, cardboard, plastic-fractions, metal-fractions, grit

environment (ENV) resources TS transport of sorted waste (TS) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TS transport of sorted waste

(TS) fuel for transport vehicles


transport of sorted waste (TS) residues S-TT thermal treatment (TT) sorting residues

transport of sorted waste (TS) residues S-LD landfill-detail (LD) sorting residues


transported sorted secondary materials

recycling (REC) paper, cardboard, plastic-fractions, metal-fractions, grit

transport of sorted waste (TS) emissions TS environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.1.1 Transport of paper and cardboard sorting products (TPCS)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (chapter 4.3.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of paper and cardboard sorting products only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Goods The investigated goods are sorted paper (paper and cardboard), sorting residues, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “sorted paper SPC-RECD” and major output good is “sorted paper TPCS-RECD”. Connections Major origin of goods is “sorting of paper and cardboard” (SPC) and major destination is “recycling - detail” (RECD). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output goods “sorting residues TPCS-GI”, “-FI”, “-CI” and “-OI" are the links to workpackage 6.

Table 4-46: Level 3 - Process „Transport of paper and cardboard sorting products” (TPCS)



sorting residues SPC-GI




sorting residues SPC-FI




sorting residues SPC-CI




sorting residues SPC-OI




sorting residues SPC-LN




sorted paper SPC-RECD



environment (ENV) air TPCStransport of paper and cardboard sorting products (TPCS)

combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TPCS


fuel for transport vehicles



sorting residues TPCS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) paper sorting residues


sorting residues TPCS-FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) paper sorting residues


sorting residues TPCS-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) paper sorting residues


sorting residues TPCS-OI other incineration plant (OI) paper sorting residues


sorting residues TPCS-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) paper sorting residues


sorted paper TPCS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted paper and cardbord, that is going to



offgas TPCS environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.1.2 Transport of plastic sorting products (TPS)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (chapter 4.3.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of plastic sorting products only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Goods The investigated goods are sorted plastic, sorting residues, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “sorted plastic SP-RECD” and major output good is “sorted plastic TPS-RECD”.


Connections Major origin of goods is “sorting of plastic” (SP) and major destination is “recycling - detail” (RECD). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output goods “sorting residues TPS-GI”, “-FI”, “-CI” and “-OI" are the links to workpackage 6.

Table 4-47: Level 3 - Process „Transport of plastic sorting products” (TPS)


sorting of plastic (SP) sorting residues SP-GI


sorting of plastic (SP) sorting residues SP-FI


sorting of plastic (SP) sorting residues SP-CI


sorting of plastic (SP) sorting residues SP-OI


sorting of plastic (SP) sorting residues SP-LN


sorting of plastic (SP) sorted plastic SP-RECD



environment (ENV) air TPS transport of plastic sorting products (TPS) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TPS transport of plastic sorting

products (TPS) fuel for transport vehicles



sorting residues TPS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) plastic sorting residues


sorting residues TPS-FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) plastic sorting residues


sorting residues TPS-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) plastic sorting residues


sorting residues TPS-OI other incineration plant (OI) plastic sorting residues


sorting residues TPS-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) plastic sorting residues


sorted plastic TPS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted plastic, that is going to be

transported to a plastic factorytransport of plastic sorting products (TPS) offgas TPS environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.1.3 Transport of metal sorting products (TMS)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (chapter 4.3.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of metal sorting products only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Goods The investigated goods are sorted metal, sorting residues, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “sorted metal SM-RECD” and major output good is “sorted metal TMS-RECD”. Connections Major origin of goods is “sorting of metal” (SM) and major destination is “recycling - detail” (RECD).


Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output goods “sorting residues TMS-GI”, “-FI”, “-CI” and “-OI" are the links to workpackage 6.

Table 4-48: Level 3 - Process „Transport of metal sorting products” (TMS)


sorting of metal (SM) sorting residues SM-GI


sorting of metal (SM) sorting residues SM-FI


sorting of metal (SM) sorting residues SM-CI


sorting of metal (SM) sorting residues SM-OI


sorting of metal (SM) sorting residues SM-LN


sorting of metal (SM) sorted metal SM-RECD



environment (ENV) air TMS transport of metal sorting products (TMS) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TMS transport of metal sorting

products (TMS) fuel for transport vehicles



sorting residues TMS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) metal sorting residues


sorting residues TMS-FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) metal sorting residues


sorting residues TMS-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) metal sorting residues


sorting residues TMS-OI other incineration plant (OI) metal sorting residues


sorting residues TMS-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) metal sorting residues


sorted metal TMS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted metal, that is going to be transported

to a metal factorytransport of metal sorting products (TMS) offgas TMS environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.1.4 Transport of glass sorting products (TGS)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (chapter 4.3.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of glass sorting products only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Goods The investigated goods are sorted glass, sorting residues, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “sorted glass SG-RECD” and major output good is “sorted paper TGS-RECD”. Connections Major origin of goods is “sorting of glass” (SG) and major destination is “recycling - detail” (RECD). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output goods “sorting residues TGS-GI”, “-FI”, “-CI” and “-OI" are the links to workpackage 6.


Table 4-49: Level 3 - Process „Transport of glass sorting products” (TGS)


sorting of glass (SG) sorting residues SG-GI


sorting of glass (SG) sorting residues SG-FI


sorting of glass (SG) sorting residues SG-CI


sorting of glass (SG) sorting residues SG-OI


sorting of glass (SG) sorting residues SG-LN


sorting of glass (SG) sorted glass SG-RECD



environment (ENV) air TGS transport of glass sorting products (TGS) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TGS transport of glass sorting

products (TGS) fuel for transport vehicles



sorting residues TGS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) glass sorting residues


sorting residues TGS-FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) glass sorting residues


sorting residues TGS-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) glass sorting residues


sorting residues TGS-OI other incineration plant (OI) glass sorting residues


sorting residues TGS-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) glass sorting residues


sorted glass TGS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted glass, that is going to be transported

to a glass factorytransport of glass sorting products (TGS) offgas TGS environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.1.5 Transport of composite packaging sorting products (TCPS)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (chapter 4.3.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of composite packaging sorting products only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Goods The investigated goods are sorted composite packaging, sorting residues, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “sorted composite packaging SCP-RECD” and major output good is “sorted paper TCPS-RECD”. Connections Major origin of goods is “sorting of composite packaging” (SCP) and major destination is “recycling - detail” (RECD). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output goods “sorting residues TCPS-GI”, “-FI”, “-CI” and “-OI" are the links to workpackage 6.


Table 4-50: Level 3 - Process „Transport of composite packaging sorting products” (TCPS)



sorting residues SCP-GI




sorting residues SCP-FI




sorting residues SCP-CI




sorting residues SCP-OI




sorting residues SCP-LN




sorted composite packaging SCP-RECD



environment (ENV) air TCStransport of composite packaging sorting products (TCPS)


trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TCS





sorting residues TCPS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) composite packaging sorting residues


sorting residues TCPS-FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) composite packaging sorting residues


sorting residues TCPS-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) composite packaging sorting residues


sorting residues TCPS-OI other incineration plant (OI) composite packaging sorting residues


sorting residues TCPS-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) composite packaging sorting residues


sorted composite packaging TCPS-RECD



offgas TCPS environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.1.6 Transport of mixed secondary materials sorting products (TMSS)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (chapter 4.3.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of mixed secondary materials sorting products only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Goods The investigated goods are sorted mixed secondary materials, sorting residues, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input goods are “sorted paper SMS-RECD”, “sorted plastic SMS-RECD”, “sorted metal SMS-RECD”, “sorted glass SMS-RECD”, “sorted composite packaging SMS-RECD” and major output good is “sorted


paper TMSS-RECD”, “sorted plastic TMSS-RECD”, “sorted metal TMSS-RECD”, “sorted glass TMSS-RECD” and “sorted composite packaging TMSS-RECD”. Connections Major origin of goods is “sorting of mixed secondary materials” (SMS) and major destination is “recycling - detail” (RECD). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output goods “sorting residues TMSS-GI”, “-FI”, “-CI” and “-OI" are the links to workpackage 6.

Table 4-51: Level 3 - Process „Transport of mixed secondary materials sorting products” (TMSS)



sorting residues SMS-GI




sorting residues SMS-FI




sorting residues SMS-CI




sorting residues SMS-OI




sorting residues SMS-LN




sorted paper SMS-RECD




sorted glass SMS-RECD




sorted metal SMS-RECD




sorted plastic SMS-RECD




sorted composite packaging SMS-RECD



environment (ENV) air TMSStransport of mixed secondary materials sorting products (TMSS)


trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TMSS



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continued process of origin output good process of destination good description


sorting residues TMSS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) mixed secondary materials sorting residues


sorting residues TMSS-FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) mixed secondary materials sorting residues


sorting residues TMSS-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) mixed secondary materials sorting residues


sorting residues TMSS-OI other incineration plant (OI) mixed secondary materials sorting residues


sorting residues TMSS-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) mixed secondary materials sorting residues


sorted paper TMSS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted paper and cardbord, that is going to



sorted glass TMSS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted glass, that is going to be transported

to a glass factory


sorted metal TMSS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted metal, that is going to be transported

to a metal factory


sorted plastic TMSS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted plastic, that is going to be

transported to a plastic factory


sorted composite packaging TMSS-RECD



offgas TMSS environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.1.7 Transport of bulky waste sorting products (TBS)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (chapter 4.3.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of bulky waste sorting products only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Goods The investigated goods are sorted bulky waste, sorting residues, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “sorted bulky waste SB-RECD” and major output good is “sorted bulky waste TBS-RECD”. Connections Major origin of goods is “sorting of bulky waste” (SB) and major destination is “recycling - detail” (RECD). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output goods “sorting residues TBS-GI”, “-FI”, “-CI” and “-OI" are the links to workpackage 6.


Table 4-52: Level 3 - Process „Transport of bulky waste sorting products” (TBS)


sorting of bulky waste (SB) thermal fraction SB-GI


sorting of bulky waste (SB) thermal fraction SB-FI


sorting of bulky waste (SB) thermal fraction SB-CI


sorting of bulky waste (SB) thermal fraction SB-OI


sorting of bulky waste (SB) landfill fraction SB-LN

transport of bulky waste sorting products (TBS) bulky waste sorting residues

sorting of bulky waste (SB) recycling fraction SB-RECD

transport of bulky waste sorting products (TBS) sorted secondary material (e.g. wood)

environment (ENV) air TBS transport of bulky waste sorting products (TBS) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TBS transport of bulky waste

sorting products (TBS) fuel for transport vehicles



thermal fraction TBS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) material with high calorific value


thermal fraction TBS-FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) material with high calorific value


thermal fraction TBS-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) material with high calorific value


thermal fraction TBS-OI other incineration plant (OI) material with high calorific value


landfill fraction TBS-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) bulky waste sorting residues


recycling fraction TBS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted secondary material (e.g. wood)

transport of bulky waste sorting products (TBS) offgas TBS environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.1.8 Transport of road waste sorting products (TRS)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (chapter 4.3.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of road waste sorting products only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Goods The investigated goods are sorted grit, sorting residues, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is “sorted grit” and major output good is “sorted grit RECD”. Connections Major origin of goods is “sorting of road waste” (SR) and major destination is “recycling - detail” (RECD). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output goods “sorting residues TRS-GI”, “-FI”, “-OI” and “-CI" are the links to workpackage 6.


Table 4-53: Level 3 - Process „Transport of road waste sorting products” (TRS)


sorting of road waste (SR) sorting residues SR-GI


sorting of road waste (SR) sorting residues SR-FI


sorting of road waste (SR) sorting residues SR-CI


sorting of road waste (SR) sorting residues SR-OI


sorting of road waste (SR) sorting residues SR-LN


sorting of road waste (SR) sorting residues SR-LI


sorting of road waste (SR) sorted grit transport of road waste sorting products (TRS) sorted grit, that is going to be reused again.

environment (ENV) air TRS transport of road waste sorting products (TRS) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TRS transport of road waste sorting

products (TRS) fuel for transport vehicles



sorting residues TRS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) grit sorting residues


sorting residues TRS-FI

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) grit sorting residues


sorting residues TRS-CI

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) grit sorting residues


sorting residues TRS-OI other incineration plant (OI) grit sorting residues


sorting residues TRS-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) grit sorting residues


sorting residues TRS-LI landfill for inert waste (LI) grit sorting residues

transport of road waste sorting products (TRS) sorted grit RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted grit, that is going to be reused again.

transport of road waste sorting products (TRS) offgas TRS environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.2 Transport of mechanically chemically treated waste (TMT)

This section deals with all kinds of transports of products from mechanical chemical waste treatment plants. Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.3). Goods The investigated goods are waste fractions (thermal fraction, biological fraction, recycling fraction, landfill fraction), supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). The landfill fraction and recycling fraction include also treated ashes from waste incineration. Connections Major origin of goods is “mechanical chemical treatment” (MT) and major destinations are “recycling” (REC) and “landfill - detail” (LD). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output good “transported biological fraction” is the link to workpackage 5 and the output good “transported thermal fraction” is the link to workpackage 6.


Table 4-54: Level 2 - Process „Transport of mechanically chemically treated waste“ (TMT)



thermal fraction


split material with high calorific value


biological fraction


split biodegradable material


recycling fraction


split secondary material

mechanical chemical treatment (MT) landfill fraction


split residues

environment (ENV) resources TMTtransport of mechanically chemically treated waste (TMT)


trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TMT





transported thermal fraction

thermal treatment (TT) material with high heating value


transported biological fraction

biological treatment (BT) biodegradable material


transported recycling fraction

recycling (REC) secondary material


transported landfill fraction landfill-detail (LD) residues


emissions TMT environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.2.1 Transport of mixed waste splitting products (TMWS)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.3.2). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of waste splitting products only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Goods The investigated goods are waste fractions (thermal fraction, biological fraction, recycling fraction, landfill fraction), supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Connections Major origin of goods is “mixed waste splitting” (MWS) and major destinations are thermal and biological treatment plants and landfill sites. Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output goods “biological fraction TMWS-MBT”, “-OBT” and “-C” are links to workpackage 5 and the output goods “thermal fraction TMWS-GI”, “-FI”, “-CI” and “-OI” are links to workpackage 6.


Table 4-55: Level 3 - Process „Transport of mixed waste splitting products” (TMWS)


mixed waste splitting (MWS) thermal fraction MWS-GI



mixed waste splitting (MWS) thermal fraction MWS-FI



mixed waste splitting (MWS) thermal fraction MWS-CI



mixed waste splitting (MWS) thermal fraction MWS-OI



mixed waste splitting (MWS) biological frac-tion MWS-MBT


mixed waste splitting (MWS) biological frac-tion MWS-OBT


mixed waste splitting (MWS) biological fraction MWS-C


mixed waste splitting (MWS) landfill fraction MWS-LN

transport of mixed waste splitting products (TMWS) split residues

mixed waste splitting (MWS) recycling fraction MWS-RECD



environment (ENV) air TMWS transport of mixed waste splitting products (TMWS) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TMWS transport of mixed waste

splitting products (TMWS) fuel for transport vehicles



thermal fraction TMWS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) material with high calorific value (e.g. paper,

cardboard, plastic)transport of mixed waste splitting products (TMWS)

thermal fraction TMWS-FI




thermal fraction TMWS-CI




thermal fraction TMWS-OI other incineration plant (OI) material with high calorific value (e.g. paper,

cardboard, plastic)transport of mixed waste splitting products (TMWS)

biological frac-tion TMWS-MBT



biological frac-tion TMWS-OBT



biological fraction TMWS-C composting plant (C) split biodegradable material


landfill fraction TMWS-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) split residues


recycling fraction TMWS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) split secondary material (paper, metal,

plastics)transport of mixed waste splitting products (TMWS) offgas TMWS environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.2.2 Transport of organic waste splitting products (TOWS)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.3.2). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of waste splitting products only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Goods The investigated goods are waste fractions (thermal fraction, biological fraction, recycling fraction, landfill fraction), supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Connections Major origin of goods is “organic waste splitting” (OWS) and major destinations are thermal and biological treatment plants and landfill sites.


Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The output goods “biological fraction TOWS-MBT”, “-OBT” and “-C” are links to workpackage 5 and the output goods “thermal fraction TOWS-GI”, “-FI”, “-CI” and “-OI” are links to workpackage 6.

Table 4-56: Level 3 - Process „Transport of organic waste splitting products” (TOWS) process of origin input good process of destination good descriptionorganic waste splitting (OWS) thermal fraction

OWS-GItransport of organic waste splitting products (TOWS)


organic waste splitting (OWS) thermal fraction OWS-FI



organic waste splitting (OWS) thermal fraction OWS-CI



organic waste splitting (OWS) thermal fraction OWS-OI



organic waste splitting (OWS) biological frac-tion OWS-MBT


organic waste splitting (OWS) biological frac-tion OWS-OBT


organic waste splitting (OWS) biological fraction OWS-C


organic waste splitting (OWS) landfill fraction OWS-LN

transport of organic waste splitting products (TOWS) split residues

organic waste splitting (OWS) recycling fraction OWS-RECD



environment (ENV) air TOWS transport of organic waste splitting products (TOWS) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TOWS transport of organic waste

splitting products (TOWS) fuel for transport vehicles

process of origin output good process of destination good descriptiontransport of organic waste splitting products (TOWS)

thermal fraction TOWS-GI grate incineration plant (GI) material with high calorific value (e.g. paper,


thermal fraction TOWS-FI




thermal fraction TOWS-CI




thermal fraction TOWS-OI other incineration plant (OI) material with high calorific value (e.g. paper,


biological frac-tion TOWS-MBT



biological frac-tion TOWS-OBT



biological fraction TOWS-C composting plant (C) split biodegradable material


landfill fraction TOWS-LN



recycling fraction TOWS-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) split secondary material (paper, metal,

plastics)transport of organic waste splitting products (TOWS) offgas TOWS environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.2.3 Transport of follow up treatment products (TFT)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.3.2). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of follow up treatment products only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Goods The investigated goods are treated ashes, supplies (fuel), resources (air) and emissions (exhaust).


Connections Major origin of goods is “follow up treatment” (FT) and major destinations are landfill sites and trade. Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The input goods “treated ashes” are links to workpackage 6.

Table 4-57: Level 3 - Process „Transport of follow up treatment products” (TFT)


follow up treatment (FT) treated ashes LN transport of follow up treatment products (TFT)


follow up treatment (FT) treated ashes TIBS transport of follow up treatment products (TFT)


follow up treatment (FT) treated ashes RECD transport of follow up treatment products (TFT) scrap

environment (ENV) air TFT transport of follow up treatment products (TFT) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TFT transport of follow up treatment

products (TFT) fuel for transport vehicles



treated ashes TFT-LN




treated ashes TFT-TIBS




treated ashes TFT-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) split secondary material (paper, metal,

plastics)transport of follow up treatment products (TFT) offgas TFT environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.3 Transport of biologically treated waste (TBT)

This section deals with all kinds of transports of products from biologically treatment plants. Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.3). Goods The investigated goods are residues, biologically pre-treated waste, compost, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air), light fraction, scrap and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is compost and biologically pre-treated waste and major output good are transported compost and the light fraction. Connections Major origin of goods is “biological treatment” (BT) and major destination is “thermal treatment” (TT) and “landfill - detail” (LD). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The waste input are links to workpackage 5 and output goods are links to workpackage 4 (landfill) and 6 (thermal treatment).


Table 4-58: Level 2 - Process „Transport of biologically treated waste” (TBT)


biological treatment (BT) residues BT transport of biologically treated waste (TBT)

light fraction, scrap and oversize screen products

biological treatment (BT)biologically pretreated waste


anorganic materials with low content of organics

biological treatment (BT) compost transport of biologically treated waste (TBT)

organic fertiliser (including compost & composted MSW)

environment (ENV) resources TBT transport of biologically treated waste (TBT) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TBT transport of biologically

treated waste (TBT) fuel for transport vehicles



landfill fraction BT landfill-detail (LD) residues and biologically treated waste


thermal fraction BT thermal treatment (TT) residues with high heating value


transported compost


organic fertiliser (including compost & composted MSW)


sorted paper BT recycling (REC) secondary material

transport of biologically treated waste (TBT) scrap BT recycling (REC) secondary material

transport of biologically treated waste (TBT) emissions BT environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.3.1 Transport of mechanical biological treatment plant products (TMBT)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.3.3). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of transport of mechanical biological treatment plant products only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Goods The investigated goods are biologically pre-treated municipal solid waste, light fraction, heavy fraction, composted MSW, sorted paper, scrap, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is light fraction and biologically pre-treated municipal solid waste and major output good are the transported light fraction and the biologically pre-treated municipal solid waste. Connections Major origin of goods is “mechanical biological treatment plant” (MBT) and major destinations are thermal treatment plants and “landfill for non hazardous waste” (LN). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The waste input are links to workpackage 5 and output goods are links to workpackage 6 (incineration) and 4 (landfill). See also chapter 5.


Table 4-59: Level 3 - Process „Transport of mechanical biological treatment plant products” (TMBT)

process of origin input good process of destination good descriptionmechanical biological treatment plant (MBT) light fraction MBT-GI



mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT) light fraction MBT-FI



mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT) light fraction MBT-CI



mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT) light fraction MBT-OI




light fraction MBT-LN




heavy fraction MBT-GI




heavy fraction MBT-FI




heavy fraction MBT-OI




heavy fraction MBT-LN




biologically pretreated waste MBT-LN




sorted paper MBT-RECD




composted MSW MBT-RECD



mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT) scrap MBT-RECD


iron metals

environment (ENV) air TMBTtransport of mechanical biological treatment plant products (TMBT)


trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TMBT



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continued process of origin output good process of destination good descriptiontransport of mechanical biological treatment plant products (TMBT)

light fraction TMBT-GI grate incineration plant (GI) material with high calorific value (e.g. paper,

cardboard, plastic)


light fraction TMBT-FI




light fraction TMBT-CI




light fraction TMBT-OI other incineration plant (OI) material with high calorific value (e.g. paper,

cardboard, plastic)


light fraction TMBT-LN




heavy fraction TMBT-GI grate incineration plant (GI) heavy refuse fraction that is incinerated


heavy fraction TMBT-FI



heavy fraction TMBT-OI other incineration plant (OI) heavy refuse fraction that is incinerated


heavy fraction TMBT-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) heavy refuse fraction that is landfilled


biologically preatreated waste TMBT-LN




sorted paper TMBT-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted paper and cardbord, that is going to



composted MSW TMBT-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) fraction that is used as organic fertilizer after



scrap TMBT-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) iron metals


offgas TMBT environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.3.2 Transport of other biological treatment plant products (TOBT)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.3.3). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of transport of other biological treatment plant products only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Goods The investigated goods are biologically pre-treated municipal solid waste, light fraction, heavy fraction, composted MSW, sorted paper, scrap, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good are light fraction and biologically pre-treated municipal solid waste and major output good are transported light fraction and biologically pre-treated municipal solid waste. Connections Major origin of goods is “other biological treatment plant” (OBT) and major destination are thermal treatment plants and “landfill for non hazardous waste” (LN).


Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The waste input are links to workpackage 5 and output goods are links to workpackage 6 (incineration) and 4 (landfill). See also chapter 5.

Table 4-60: Level 3 - Process „Transport of other biological treatment plant products” (TOBT) process of origin input good process of destination good descriptionother biological treatment plant (OBT) light fraction OBT-GI



other biological treatment plant (OBT) light fraction OBT-FI



other biological treatment plant (OBT) light fraction OBT-CI



other biological treatment plant (OBT) light fraction OBT-OI




light fraction OBT-LN




heavy fraction OBT-GI




heavy fraction OBT-FI




heavy fraction OBT-OI




heavy fraction OBT-LN




biologically pretreated waste OBT-LN




sorted paper OBT-RECD




composted MSW OBT-RECD



other biological treatment plant (OBT) scrap OBT-RECD


iron metals

environment (ENV) air TOBTtransport of other biological treatment plant products (TOBT)


trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TOBT



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continued process of origin output good process of destination good descriptiontransport of other biological treatment plant products (TOBT)

light fraction TOBT-GI grate incineration plant (GI) material with high calorific value (e.g. paper,

cardboard, plastic)


light fraction TOBT-FI




light fraction TOBT-CI




light fraction TOBT-OI other incineration plant (OI) material with high calorific value (e.g. paper,

cardboard, plastic)


light fraction TOBT-LN




heavy fraction TOBT-GI grate incineration plant (GI) heavy refuse fraction that is incinerated


heavy fraction TOBT-FI



heavy fraction TOBT-OI other incineration plant (OI) heavy refuse fraction that is incinerated


heavy fraction TOBT-LN



biologically preatreated waste TOBT-LN




sorted paper TOBT-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) sorted paper and cardbord, that is going to



composted MSW TOBT-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) fraction that is used as organic fertilizer after



scrap TOBT-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) iron metals


offgas TOBT environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.3.3 Transport of composting plant products (TC)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.3.3). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of transport of composting plant products only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Goods The investigated goods are residues, compost, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is compost and major output good is transported compost (TC). Connections Major origin of goods is “composting plant” (C) and major destination is “trade, industry, business, service” (TIBS).


Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The waste input are links to workpackage 5 and output goods “residues TC-LN” are links to workpackage 4 (landfill). See also Chapter 5.

Table 4-61: Level 3 - Process „Transport of composting plant products” (TC)


composting plant (C) compost C transport of composting plant products (TC) organic fertiliser

composting plant (C) residues C transport of composting plant products (TC)

oversize screen products (plastics and other materials)

environment (ENV) air TC transport of composting plant products (TC) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TC transport of composting plant

products (TC) fuel for transport vehicles


transport of composting plant products (TC) compost TC-TIBS trade, industry, business,

service (TIBS) organic fertiliser

transport of composting plant products (TC) residues TC-LN landfill for non hazardous

waste (LN)oversize screen products (plastics and other materials)

transport of composting plant products (TC) offgas TC environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.4 Transport of thermally treated waste (TTT)

This section deals with all kinds of transports of products from thermally treatment plants. Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.3). Goods The investigated goods are residues, thermally pre-treated waste, cement, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air), scrap and emissions (exhaust). Major input good are residues and major output good are transported residues. Connections Major origin of goods is “thermal treatment” (TT) and major destinations are “landfill - detail” (LD), “mechanical chemical treatment” (MT) and “trade, industry, business, service” (TIBS). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The waste input goods are links to workpackage 6. The output good “thermally pretreated waste” is the link to workpackage 6.


Table 4-62: Level 2 - Process „Transport of thermally treated waste” (TTT)


thermal treatment (TT) residues TT transport of thermally treated waste (TTT)

solid combustion residues to be landfilled, scrap

thermal treatment (TT)thermally pretreated waste

transport of thermally treated waste (TTT) ashes to be treated

thermal treatment (TT) product transport of thermally treated waste (TTT)

product of thermal waste treatment e.g. cement, gypsum

environment (ENV) resources TTT transport of thermally treated waste (TTT) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TTT transport of thermally

treated waste (TTT) fuel for transport vehicles



residues TT-LD landfill-detail (LD) solid combustion residues to be landfilled

transport of thermally treated waste (TTT) scrap TT recycling (REC) secondary material


thermally pretreated waste MT

mechanical chemical treatment (MT) ashes to be treated

transport of thermally treated waste (TTT) product TIBS trade, industry, business,

service (TIBS)product of thermal waste treatment e.g. cement, gypsum

transport of thermally treated waste (TTT) emissions TTT environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.4.1 Transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.3.4). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of transport of grate incineration plant products only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Goods The investigated goods are untreated ashes, scrap, products, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is ash and major output good is transported ash. Connections Major origin of goods is “grate incineration plant” (GI) and major destinations are “landfill for non hazardous waste” (LN), “follow up treatment” (FT) and “recycling - detail” (RECD). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The waste input goods are links to workpackage 6 and the output good “untreated ashes” is the link to workpackage 6.


Table 4-63: Level 3 - Process „Transport of grate incineration plant products” (TGI)


grate incineration plant (GI) bottom ash GI transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) solid combustion residue

grate incineration plant (GI) fly ash GI transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) ash from the dry flue gas cleaning system

grate incineration plant (GI) ESP-ash GI transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI)


grate incineration plant (GI) filter cake GI transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) from the wet flue gas cleaning system

grate incineration plant (GI) scrap GI transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) iron metals

grate incineration plant (GI) products GI transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) e.g. gypsum

grate incineration plant (GI) untreated ashes GI transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI)


environment (ENV) air TGI transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TGI transport of grate incineration

plant products (TGI) fuel for transport vehicles


transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) bottom ash GI-LN landfill for non hazardous

waste (LN) solid combustion residue

transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) fly ash GI-LN landfill for non hazardous

waste (LN) ash from the dry flue gas cleaning system

transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) ESP-ash GI-LN landfill for non hazardous

waste (LN)ash from the dry flue gas cleaning system - electrostatic precipiator ash

transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) filter cake GI-LH landfill for hazardous waste

(LH) from the wet flue gas cleaning system

transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) scrap GI-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) iron metals

transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI)

untreated ashes GI-FT follow up treatment (FT) ashes are cemented , glazed or separated


transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) products GI-TIBS trade, industry, business,

service (TIBS) e.g. gypsum

transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) offgas TGI environment (ENV) combustion air for transport vehicles

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4.3.4.2 Transport of fluidized bed incineration plant products (TFI)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.3.4). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of transport of fluidized bed incineration plant products only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Goods The investigated goods are untreated ashes, scrap, products, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is ash and major output good is transported ash. Connections Major origin of goods is “fluidized bed incineration plant” (FI) and major destinations are “landfill for non hazardous waste” (LN), “follow up treatment” (FT) and “recycling - detail” (RECD).


Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The waste input goods are links to workpackage 6 and the output good “untreated ashes” is the link to workpackage 6.

Table 4-64: Level 3 - Process „Transport of fluidized bed incineration plant products” (TFI) process of origin input good process of destination good descriptionfluidized bed incineration plant (FI) bottom ash FI


solid combustion residue

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) fly ash FI


ash from the dry flue gas cleaning system

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) ESP-ash FI



fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) filter cake FI



fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) scrap FI


iron metals

fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) products FI



fluidized bed incineration plant (FI) untreated ashes FI



environment (ENV) air TFItransport of fluidized bed incineration plant products (TFI)


trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TFI



process of origin output good process of destination good descriptiontransport of fluidized bed incineration plant products (TFI)

bottom ash FI-LN landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) solid combustion residue


fly ash FI-LN landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) ash from the dry flue gas cleaning system


ESP-ash FI-LN landfill for non hazardous waste (LN)



filter cake FI-LH landfill for hazardous waste (LH) from the wet flue gas cleaning system


scrap FI-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) iron metals


untreated ashes FI-FT follow up treatment (FT) ashes are cemented , glazed or separated



products FI-TIBS trade, industry, business, service (TIBS)



offgas TFI environment (ENV) combustion air for transport vehicles

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4.3.4.3 Transport of cement kiln incineration plant products (TCI)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.3.4). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of transport of


cement kiln incineration plant products only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Goods The investigated goods are untreated ashes, cement, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is cement and major output good is transported cement. Connections Major origin of goods is “cement kiln incineration plant” (CI) and major destination is “trade, industry, business, services” (TIBS) and “landfill for non hazardous waste” (LN). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The waste input goods are links to workpackage 6 and the output good “untreated ashes” is the link to workpackage 6.

Table 4-65: Level 3 - Process „Transport of cement kiln incineration plant products” (TCI)


cement kiln incineration plant (CI) cement CI


product of the cement industry

cement kiln incineration plant (CI) ESP ash CI



cement kiln incineration plant (CI) filter cake CI



cement kiln incineration plant (CI) untreated ashes CI



environment (ENV) air TCItransport of cement kiln incineration plant products (TCI)


trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TCI





ESP ash CI-LN landfill for non hazardous waste (LN)



filter cake CI-LH landfill for hazardous waste (LH) from the wet flue gas cleaning system


untreated ashes CI-FT follow up treatment (FT) ashes are cemented , glazed or separated



cement TIBS trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) product of the cement industry


offgas TCI environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

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4.3.4.4 Transport of other incineration plant products (TOI)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.3.4). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of transport of other incineration plant products only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Goods The investigated goods are untreated ashes, scrap, products, supplies (fuel), resources (combustion air) and emissions (exhaust). Major input good is treated ash and major output good is transported ash. Connections Major origin of goods is “other incineration plant” (OI) and major destination is “trade, industry, business, services” (TIBS) and “landfill for non hazardous waste” (LN). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. The waste input goods are links to workpackage 6 and the output good “untreated ashes” is the link to workpackage 6.

Table 4-66: Level 3 - Process „Transport of other incineration plant products” (TOI)


other incineration plant (OI) bottom ash OI transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) solid combustion residue

other incineration plant (OI) fly ash OI transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) ash from the dry flue gas cleaning system

other incineration plant (OI) ESP-ash OI transport of other incineration plant products (TOI)


other incineration plant (OI) filter cake OI transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) from the wet flue gas cleaning system

other incineration plant (OI) scrap OI transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) iron metals

other incineration plant (OI) untreated ashes OI transport of other incineration plant products (TOI)


other incineration plant (OI) products OI transport of other incineration plant products (TOI)

depending upon the (industrial) incineration process

environment (ENV) air TOI transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) combustion air for transport vehicles

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies TOI transport of other incineration

plant products (TOI) fuel for transport vehicles


transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) bottom ash OI-LN landfill for non hazardous


transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) fly ash OI-LN landfill for non hazardous


transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) ESP-ash OI-LN landfill for non hazardous


transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) filter cake OI-LH landfill for hazardous waste


transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) scrap OI-RECD recycling - detail (RECD) iron metals

transport of other incineration plant products (TOI)

untreated ashes OI-FT follow up treatment (FT) ashes are cemented , glazed or separated


transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) products OI-TIBS trade, industry, business,

service (TIBS)depending upon the (industrial) incineration process

transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) offgas TOI environment (ENV) exhaust from transport vehicles

inpu

tou

tput



4.4 Landfill (L)

This section deals with depositing and compacting of untreated waste, treated waste and waste treatment residues. Landfills are very different to other waste management processes, because chemical transformation processes take much longer than the temporal boundary of system AWAST (1 year). This is reflected in the way the emission and resource flows are calculated and in the data processing procedures. Process definition Disposal site for untreated municipal solid waste, construction and bulky waste, residues of thermal, mechanical and biological waste treatment. According to the EU Directive on the landfill of waste [Directive 1999/31/EC, 1999], "landfill" means a waste disposal site for the deposit of the waste onto or into land (i.e. underground), including:

internal waste disposal sites (i.e. landfill where a producer of waste is carrying out its own waste disposal at the place of production) and

a permanent site (i.e. more than one year) which is used for temporary storage of waste,

but excluding:

facilities where waste is unloaded in order to permit its preparation for further transport for recovery, treatment or disposal elsewhere and

storage of waste prior to recovery or treatment for a period less than three years as a general rule, or

storage of waste prior to disposal for a period less than one year; The process represents all investigated landfill sites. Investigated are deposition and compaction of wastes, coverage of the landfill area and treatment of leachates and landfill gas. Not investigated are transports of delivered waste. The period of calculating the emission flows (offgas, leachate) and resource flows (air and water from atmosphere) is set to 100 years. That means, investigated are the emissions that result over a time period of 100 years from the waste input of one year. In some cases, especially landfills for residues of waste treatment, a longer time period might be more appropriate. Goods Investigated goods are untreated waste, residues, resources (air, water), supplies (fuel, chemicals) and emissions (leachates, landfill gas). Connections Major origin of goods are collection and transport of waste and transport of treated waste. Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. There are no links to other workpackages.

Table 4-67: Level 1 - Process “Landfill” (L)



untreated waste landfill (L) MSW. EWC: 1501, 1601, 190805, 20

transport of treated waste (T) residues landfill (L) depending upon the treatment process (e.g.

ash from thermal treatment)environment (ENV) resources L landfill (L) water and air from athmospheretrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies L landfill (L) gas, chemicals, etc.

stock


landfill (L) emissions L environment (ENV) landfill gas and leachate

landfill (L) emissions L other waste relevant process (OWP) leachate (sewerage system)

build up by the input goods

outp

utin

put

stoc

k

4.4.1 Landfill - detail (LD)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.4). The difference to the superior process is a more detailed level in the investigated input goods. Goods The investigated goods are collected wastes (mixed, curbside, road, organic and imported waste), transported residues (from mechanically-chemically, biologically and thermally treatments and sorting), resources (air, water), supplies (fuel, chemicals) and emissions (leachates, landfill gas). Connections Major origin of goods are waste collection processes (“separate waste collection – curbside” SC, “collection of mixed waste” CM, “collection of other waste” CO) and transport processes of treated waste. Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. There are no links to other workpackages.


Table 4-68: Level 2 - Process “Landfill - detail” (LD)



mixed waste LD landfill-detail (LD) EWC 200301


curbside waste LD landfill-detail (LD) bulky waste. EWC 200137, 200138, 200307


collected delivered waste LD

landfill-detail (LD) bulky and hazardous waste. EWC 150103, 200113-200136, 200137, 200138, 200307

collection of other waste (CO) other waste LD landfill-detail (LD)

road waste, garden waste, market waste, cemetery waste and sewer waste. EWC 2002, 200302, 200303, 200306


imported waste LD landfill-detail (LD)

mixed waste, hazardous waste and bulky waste. EWC 200301, 200113-200138, 200307


transported landfill fraction landfill-detail (LD) residues

transport of sorted waste (TS) residues S-LD landfill-detail (LD) sorting residues


residues TT-LD landfill-detail (LD) solid combustion residues to be landfilled


landfill fraction BT landfill-detail (LD) residues and biologically treated waste

environment (ENV) resources LD landfill-detail (LD) water and air from atmosphere

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies LD landfill-detail (LD) gas, chemicals, etc.

stock

process of origin good process of destinatio good descriptionlandfill-detail (LD) emissions LD environment (ENV) landfill gas and leachate

landfill-detail (LD) emissions LD other waste relevant process (OWP) leachate (sewerage system)

build up by the input goods

inpu

tou

tput

4.4.1.1 Landfill for non hazardous waste (LN)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.4.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of landfill for non hazardous waste only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition Landfill for non hazardous waste according to the european landfill directive (Directive 1999/31/EC). Used for municipal waste; non-hazardous waste of any other origin; stable, non-reactive hazardous waste (e.g. solidified) with leachnig behaviour equivalent to those of the non-hazardous wastes. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of the investigated landfill for non hazardous waste. Goods The investigated input goods are mixed waste, bulky waste, sorting residues, resources (air, water) and supplies (gas, chemicals) and the output goods investigated are emissions (landfill gas, leachate).



Connections Major origin of goods are “collection of mixed waste - detail” (CMD) and transports of treated waste (e.g. sorting residues). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. There are no links to other workpackages.

Table 4-69: Level 3 - Process “Landfill for non hazardous waste” (LN) process of origin input good process of destination good description

collection of mixed waste - detail (CMD) mixed waste LN landfill for non hazardous

waste (LN) EWC 200301

separate collection of bulky waste (SCB) bulky waste SC-LN landfill for non hazardous


cleaning of the road (COR) road waste LN landfill for non hazardous waste (LN)


transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste (TSS) sewer waste LN landfill for non hazardous

waste (LN) sewer sediments. EWC 200306


organic waste CO-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) biodegradable waste. EWC 2002, 200302

collecting point for bulky waste (CPB) bulky waste CP-LN landfill for non hazardous



imported mixed waste LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) EWC 200301


imported bulky waste LN




landfill fraction TMWS-LN



landfill fraction TOWS-LN



treated ashes TFT-LN




sorting residues TPCS-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) paper sorting residues


sorting residues TGS-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) glass sorting residues


sorting residues TMS-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) metal sorting residues


sorting residues TPS-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) plastic sorting residues


sorting residues TCPS-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) composite packaging sorting residues


sorting residues TMSS-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) mixed secondary materials sorting residues


landfill fraction TBS-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) bulky waste sorting residues


sorting residues TRS-LN

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) grit sorting residues

transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) bottom ash GI-LN landfill for non hazardous


transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) fly ash GI-LN landfill for non hazardous


transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) ESP-ash GI-LN landfill for non hazardous



bottom ash FI-LN landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) solid combustion residue


fly ash FI-LN landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) ash from the dry flue gas cleaning system


ESP-ash FI-LN landfill for non hazardous waste (LN)


inpu

t


continued transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) bottom ash OI-LN landfill for non hazardous


transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) fly ash OI-LN landfill for non hazardous


transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) ESP-ash OI-LN landfill for non hazardous



ESP ash CI-LN landfill for non hazardous waste (LN)



light fraction TMBT-LN




heavy fraction TMBT-LN



biologically preatreated waste TMBT-LN




light fraction TOBT-LN




heavy fraction TOBT-LN



biologically preatreated waste TOBT-LN



transport of composting plant products (TC) residues TC-LN landfill for non hazardous

waste (LN)oversize screen products (plastics and other materials)

environment (ENV) water LN landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) natural water for composting process

environment (ENV) air LN landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) natural gas for composting process

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies LN landfill for non hazardous

waste (LN) gas, chemicals, etc.

stock


landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) offgas LN environment (ENV) offgas (CH 4 , CO 2 )

landfill for non hazardous waste (LN) leachate LN-ENV environment (ENV) water with easy solvable metals and non

metalslandfill for non hazardous waste (LN) leachate LN-OWP other waste relevant process

(OWP) sewerage system, sewage treatment plant

Build up by the input goods

inpu

tst

oou

tput

4.4.1.2 Landfill for inert waste (LI)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.4.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of landfill for inert waste only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition Landfill for inert waste according to the european landfill directive (Directive 1999/31/EC). inert waste means waste that does not undergo any significant physical, chemical or biological transformations. Inert waste will not dissolve, burn or otherwise physically or chemically react, biodegrade or adversely affect other matter with which it comes into contact in a way likely to give rise to environmental pollution or harm human health. the total


leachability and pollutant content of the waste and the ecotoxicity of the leachate must be insignificant, and in particular not endanger the quality of surface water and/or groundwater. Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of the investigated landfill for inert waste. Goods The investigated input goods are sorting residues, soil and stones, resources (air, water) and supplies (gas, chemicals) and the output goods investigated are emissions (landfill gas, leachate). Connections Major origin of goods are “transport of road waste sorting products (TRS)” and “collection of other organic waste” (COO). Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. There are no links to other workpackages.

Table 4-70: Level 3 - Process “Landfill for inert waste” (LI)



sorting residues TRS-LI landfill for inert waste (LI) grit sorting residues

collection of other organic waste (COO) soil and stones landfill for inert waste (LI) soil and stones from garden and cemetery.

EWC 200202environment (ENV) water LI landfill for inert waste (LI) natural water for composting processenvironment (ENV) air LI landfill for inert waste (LI) natural gas for composting processtrade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies LI landfill for inert waste (LI) gas, chemicals, etc.

stock


landfill for inert waste (LI) offgas LI environment (ENV) offgas (CH 4 , CO 2 )

landfill for inert waste (LI) leachate LI-ENV environment (ENV) water with easy solvable metals and non metals

landfill for inert waste (LI) leachate LI-OWP other waste relevant process (OWP) sewerage system, sewage treatment plant


outp

utst

oin

put

4.4.1.3 Landfill for hazardous waste (LH)

Process definition and process boundary are very similar to the superior process (see chapter 4.4.1). The difference to the superior process is the investigation of landfill for hazardous waste only and a more detailed level in the investigated goods. Process definition Landfill for hazardous waste according to the european landfill directive (Directive 1999/31/EC). Process boundary The process boundary represents the boundaries of the investigated landfill for hazardous waste.


Goods The investigated input goods are hazardous waste, filter cake from all incineration plants, resources (air) and supplies (gas, chemicals) and the output good investigated is offgas. Connections Major origin of goods are transports of incineration plant products. Importance for workpackages and case studies The process is located in the task range of workpackage 4. There are no links to other workpackages.

Table 4-71: Level 3 - Process “Landfill for hazardous waste” (LH)



hazardous waste SC-LH




hazardous waste CP-LH



transport of grate incineration plant products (TGI) filter cake GI-LH landfill for hazardous waste



filter cake FI-LH landfill for hazardous waste (LH) from the wet flue gas cleaning system


filter cake CI-LH landfill for hazardous waste (LH) from the wet flue gas cleaning system

transport of other incineration plant products (TOI) filter cake OI-LH landfill for hazardous waste



imported hazardous waste LH



environment (ENV) air LH landfill for hazardous waste (LH) natural gas

trade, industry, business, service (TIBS) supplies LH landfill for hazardous waste

(LH) gas, chemicals, etc.

stock


landfill for hazardous waste (LH) offgas LH environment (ENV) offgas

sto

outp

utin

put



5 Links between channel-dedicated workpackages

Links between processes are mass flows of goods (and substances). The aim of this chapter is to show which goods link the channel-dedicated workpackages (WP 4, WP 5, WP 6). For example, the good “mixed waste GI (grate incineration)” as an output good of the processes in the task area of WP 4 (collection/transport – sorting – landfill) and as an input good of the processes in task area WP 6 (thermal treatment) is linking these two workpackages. The mass flow of all workpackages linking goods has to be determined by both workpackage responsible partners and is to be calibrated afterwards.


Table 5-1: Links between collection-transport and waste treatment-landfill

6 - WP

REC

rec.

SP

CS

PS

MS

GS

CP

SM

SS

BS

RM

WS

OW

SFT M

BT

OB

TC G

IFI C

IO

I

RE

CD

LN LI LH

sorti

ng o

f pap

er a

nd c

ardb

oard

so

rting

of p

last

icso

rting

of m

etal

sorti

ng o

f gla

ssso

rting

of c

ompo

site

pac

kagi

ngso

rting

of m

ixed

sec

onda

ry

sorti

ng o

f bul

ky w

aste

sorti

ng o

f roa

d w

aste

mix

ed w

aste

spl

ittin

gor

gani

c w

aste

spl

ittin

gfo

llow

up

treat

men

tm

echa

nica

l bio

logi

cal t

reat

m. p

lant

othe

r bio

logi

cal t

reat

men

t pla

ntco

mpo

stin

g pl

ant

grat

e in

cine

ratio

n pl

ant

fluid

ized

bed

inci

nera

tion

plan

tce

men

t kiln

inci

nera

tion

plan

tot

her i

ncin

erat

ion

plan

t

recy

clin

g - d

etai

l

land

fill f

or n

on h

azar

dous

was

tela

ndfil

l for

iner

t was

tela

ndfil

l for

haz

adou

s w

aste

CM collection of mixed waste CMD collection of mixed waste -

detail X X X X X X X

SCS separate collection of secondary materials X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

SCB separate collection of bulky waste X X X X X X

SCO separate collection of other waste X X X

CPS collecting point for secondar

X

y materials X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

CPT collecting point TIBS X X X X X

CPB collecting point for bulky waste X X X X X X

CPO collecting point for other waste X X X

COR cleaning of the road X X X X X X X X

COO collection of other organic waste X X X X X X

TSS transport of sewage sludge and sewer waste X X X X X X X X

TI transport of im

X

p. waste TID transport of imported waste - detail X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

TPCS transport of paper and cardboard sorting products X X X X X X

TPS transp. of plastic sorting products X X X X X X

TMS transp. of metal sorting products X X X X X X

TGS transp. of glass sorting products X X X X X X

TCPS transp. of composite packaging sorting products X X X X X X

TMSS transp. of mixed secondary materials sorting products X X X X X X

TBS transp. of bulky wastel sorting products X X X X X X

TRS transport of road waste sorting products X X X X X X X

TMWS transport of mixed waste splitting products X X X X X X X X X

TOWS transport of organic waste splitting products X X X X X X X X X

TFT transport of follow up treatment products X X

TMBT transp. of mechanical biol. treatment plant products X X X X X X

TOBT transport of other biological treatment plant products X X X X X X

TC transport of composting plant products X

TGI transport of grate incineration plant products X X

TFI transport of fluidized bed incineration

X X

plant products X X

TCI transport of cement kiln incineration

X X

plant products X X

TOI transport of other incineration

X

plant products X X

collection &

transport of waste

Ttransport of treated

waste

SC

CP

CO

TTT

TMT

TBT

TS

transport of thermally treated waste

MT

mech chem treat

collection of other waste


separate waste

collection - collecting

point

transport of mech. chem.

treated waste

transport of biologically

treated waste

sorting

separate waste

collection - curbside

TW

CT

L 1

LEVE

L 2

LEVE

L 3

PROCESSES OF ORIGIN

PR

OC

ESSE

S O

F D

ESTI

NA

TIO

NLEVEL 1:

overview levelLEVEL 2: link

level LEVEL 3: plant level

thermal treatment

S TT

treatment of waste

BTbio-

logical treat-ment

WP 5 WP 6WP 4

landfill - detail

Llandfill

LDWP 4

X X


Table 5-2: Links between waste treatment and transport-landfill

TPC

STP

STM

STG

STC

PS

TMS

STB

STR

S

TMW

S

TOW

S

TFT

TMB

T

TOB

TTC TG

ITF

ITC

ITO

I

trans

port

of p

aper

and

car

dboa

rd s

ortin

g pr

oduc

tstra

nspo

rt of

pla

stic

sor

ting

prod

ucts

trans

port

of m

etal

sor

ting

prod

ucts

trans

port

of g

lass

sor

ting

prod

ucts

trans

port

of c

ompo

site

pac

kagi

ng s

ortin

g pr

oduc

tstra

nspo

rt of

mix

ed s

econ

dary

mat

eria

ls s

ortin

g pr

oduc

tstra

nspo

rt of

bul

ky w

aste

sor

ting

prod

ucts

trans

port

of ro

ad w

aste

sor

ting

prod

ucts

trans

port

of m

ixed

was

te s

plitt

ing

prod

ucts

trans

port

of o

rgan

ic w

aste

spl

ittin

g pr

oduc

ts

trans

port

of fo

llow

up

treat

men

t pro

duct

s

trans

port

of m

echa

nica

l bio

logi

cal t

reat

men

t pla

nt

prod

ucts

trans

port

of o

ther

bio

logi

cal t

reat

men

t pla

nt p

rodu

cts

trans

port

of c

ompo

stin

g pl

ant p

rodu

cts

trans

port

of g

rate

inci

nera

tion

plan

t pro

duct

stra

nspo

rt of

flui

dize

d be

d in

cine

ratio

n pl

ant p

rodu

cts

trans

port

of c

emen

t kiln

inci

nera

tion

plan

t pro

duct

stra

nspo

rt of

oth

er in

cine

ratio

n pl

ant p

rodu

cts

SPC sorting of paper and cardboard X

SP sorting of plastic XSM sorting of metal XSG sorting of glass X

SCP sorting of composite packaging X

SMS sorting of mixed secondary materials X

SB sorting of bulky waste X

SR sorting of road waste X

MWS mixed waste splitting X

OWS organic waste splitting X

FT follow up treatment X

MBT mechanical biolog. treatment plant X

OBT other biological treatment plant X

C composting plant X

GI grate incineration plant X

FI fluidized bed incineration plant X

CI cement kiln incineration plant X

OI other incineration plant X

REC recycling REC recycling

TW treat-ment of waste

S sorting

TT thermal treatment

MTmechanical chemical treatment

BT biological treatment

transport of thermally

treated waste

TS TTTTBT

transport of bio-logically

treated waste

transport of mechanically chemically

treated waste

TMT


PROCESSES OF ORIGIN

P

RO

CES

SES

OF

DES

TIN

ATI

ON

LEVE

L 3

LEVEL 1: overview level

LEVEL 2: link level LEVEL 3: plant level

LEVE

L 2

L 1

transport of treated waste T


6 Selection of substances

The methodology of Material Flow Analysis (MFA) includes the analysis of goods and substances within the selected system boundary. An analysis of substances commonly asks for more efforts, as substances are parts of goods. Substances can be chemical elements (carbon, cadmium) or their compounds (CO2, HCl, PCB (organic halogen compounds)). Not all substances can be taken into account for a study. Therefore it is necessary to identify and choose some indicator substances which

are qualified to meet the goals and answer the questions of a study are representative for a large number of substances concerning their chemical

behaviour in the waste treatment plants (especially in biological and thermal waste treatment plants, and in landfills).

if changed, lead to the most pronounced reaction of the considered system. On the one hand, anthropogenic residual matter may be an important resource for the future, and on the other hand it poses a threat to the environment. By estimation of the substances contained in the wastes and their pathways, it is possible to know their pollution or resource potentials. The Figure 6-1 shows how much of the substances cadmium, mercury, lead and zinc entering the boundary of Austria, are disposed with the municipal solid waste. More than 40 % of the input of cadmium and mercury are in the municipal solid waste. This waste fraction is a relevant conveyor belt for cadmium and mercury. Therefore waste management studies should consider cadmium and mercury. Vice versa studies concerning the cadmium or mercury flow should consider municipal solid waste.

0

20

40

60

80

100

Cd Hg Pb Zn

%

Figure 6-1: Share of the amount of cadmium, mercury, lead and Zinc going into the boundary of Austria which is disposed with the municipal solid waste

In order to meet the aim of the present work, the following substances have been chosen for the case studies in the AWAST project: C, N, S, Cl, F, P, Fe, Al, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg. With regard to the main criteria for selection, they have been considered as waste relevant substances and or process relevant substances.



Table 6-1: Characteristics of selected substances

Substance chem. Sym-bol

Indication Pollution potential Criterion of choice

Carbon C • transformable by micro organisms or a biotic by oxidation (combustion or pyrolysis)

• indicator for the efficient use of energy

• carrier of toxic substances

• landfill: gas building potential

♦ remain of carbon in residues

♦ efficiency of combustion

♦ resource ♦ quality for indication

Nitrogen N • nutrient • air pollutant ♦ nutrient resource Sulphur S • transformed by

combustion into SO2 • as sulphide creation of

H2S

• smell emissions • strong acid • binds metals • hard solvable

♦ pollutant

Chlorine Cl • generates solvable salts

• generates with carbon chlorinated compounds

• transformed by combustion into HCl

• toxic and heavy degradable substances

• strong acid • volatile metal

compound

♦ pollutant ♦ resource ♦ quality for indication

Flour F • as fluoride strong inorganic . Ligand

• transformed by combustion into HF

• mobilise Aluminium • carrier of protons • strong acid

♦ pollutant

Phosphorus P • nutrient • fertiliser • detergent

(phosphate)

♦ nutrient resource

Iron Fe • lithophilic substance • small ♦ resource ♦ quality for indication

Aluminium Al • important building material

• ♦ resource

Lead Pb • lithophilic substance • toxic heavy metal • accumulation in soil

♦ pollutant

Zink Zn • as cation easy solvable • important surface

protection

• toxic for monads in small concentrations

♦ pollutant

Cadmium Cd • atmophilic element • included in a lot of

consumer goods

• toxic for monads in small concentrations

• easily volatile

♦ pollutant ♦ resource ♦ quality for indication

Mercury Hg • atmophilic substance • toxic for monads in small concentrations

• easily volatile

♦ pollutant


7 References

Buchner, I.; Manu, A. (1994) Terminologie der Abfallwirtschaft. Schriftenreihe der Sektion V, Band 20 A+B. Bundesministeriums f. Umwelt, Jugend u. Familie. Wien.

Decision 94/3/EC (1994) Commission Decision establishing a list of wastes (European waste

catalogue). Decision 2000/532/EC (2000) Commission Decision replacing Decision 94/3/EC establishing

a list of wastes (European waste catalogue). Decision 2001/118/EC (2001) Commission Decision of 16 January 2001 amending Decision

2000/532/EC as regards the list of wastes (European waste catalogue). Directive 91/156/EEC (1991) Council Directive amending Directive 75/442/EEC on waste. Directive 1999/31/EC (1999) Directive on the landfill of waste. Directive 2000/76/EC (2000) Directive on the incineration of waste.

system definition – awast

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