Systems that Protect the Body

How do they work together to keep us safe?

Immune system • Integumentary system

These help to protect our bodies

There are other systems that protect the body?

The respiratory and digestive system!

How do these other systems protect us?

(Answer to question 1 now follows)

Protection from the digestive system

1. The saliva destroys some germs2. Acids and enzymes in the stomach destroy

other pathogens

Pathogen is any living or no living structure that can causes disease.

Protection from the respiratory system

1. Mucus traps the dirt and germs2. Cilia (hair like structures) filter and clean the

air

Cilia in the Respiratory tract

How does the Integumentary and the Immune systems protect us?

Protection

Immune

Protects from the inside

(internally)

Integumentary

Protects from the outside (externally)

What are the parts of the immune system?

Cells- white blood cells such as T and B cells

Tissue- the lymph nodes and the thymus gland

Organs- Spleen

How does the immune system work?

1. A specific response can be made

(a) Special white blood cells called T cells recognize the pathogen

( b) Some T cells are made to attack the pathogen

How does the immune system works?

(c). Some of the T cells signal another type of white blood cell called B cells

(d) B cells make antibodies which destroy the pathogen (will explain in more detail)

( e) Some of the antibodies remain in the blood to fight off future attack from the pathogen

How does the immune system work?

2. A non-specific response is produceda) At the site of a cut/ wound histamine is

releasedb) Histamine increases temperature of the tissuec) Increase temperature leads to increase blood

supply to the woundd) Increase blood flow brings more white blood

cells to the wounded tissuee) These white blood cells then attack any

pathogen at the site of the cut.

Let us now switch our focus to …….The Integumentary system

What are parts of this system?

• Hair • Nail• Skin

Why is the skin important

1. It protects us from elements of the weather2. It protects our the internal organs3. It protects us from danger . We can sense our

environment (feeling and touching)4. It helps control our body temperature which

ensures that our internal organs are protected

Structure and functions of Parts of the skin

Parts of the skin

See page B 84 of the textbook

Structure FunctionEpidermis Has tough protein fiber that

gives the skin its protective property

Dermis Is made up of elastic fiber to help skin change its shape

Fatty tissue layer

Helps to insulate the body

Sensory receptors

Detect changes such as pain, pressure, temperature, and touch

Structure FunctionSweat glands Regulate body temperatureOil Glands Protect the skin and keeps it

moist

Please write down any questions or concerns you have.